block: implement bd_claiming and claiming block

block: implement bd_claiming and claiming block

Currently, device claiming for exclusive open is done after low level
open - disk->fops->open() - has completed successfully.  This means
that exclusive open attempts while a device is already exclusively
open will fail only after disk->fops->open() is called.

cdrom driver issues commands during open() which means that O_EXCL
open attempt can unintentionally inject commands to in-progress
command stream for burning thus disturbing burning process.  In most
cases, this doesn't cause problems because the first command to be
issued is TUR which most devices can process in the middle of burning.
However, depending on how a device replies to TUR during burning,
cdrom driver may end up issuing further commands.

This can't be resolved trivially by moving bd_claim() before doing
actual open() because that means an open attempt which will end up
failing could interfere other legit O_EXCL open attempts.
ie. unconfirmed open attempts can fail others.

This patch resolves the problem by introducing claiming block which is
started by bd_start_claiming() and terminated either by bd_claim() or
bd_abort_claiming().  bd_claim() from inside a claiming block is
guaranteed to succeed and once a claiming block is started, other
bd_start_claiming() or bd_claim() attempts block till the current
claiming block is terminated.

bd_claim() can still be used standalone although now it always
synchronizes against claiming blocks, so the existing users will keep
working without any change.

blkdev_open() and open_bdev_exclusive() are converted to use claiming
blocks so that exclusive open attempts from these functions don't
interfere with the existing exclusive open.

This problem was discovered while investigating bko#15403.

  https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=15403

The burning problem itself can be resolved by updating userspace
probing tools to always open w/ O_EXCL.

Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Matthias-Christian Ott <ott@mirix.org>
Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>