Fix Satellite Assembly loading (dotnet/coreclr#24191)

Fix Satellite Assembly loading (dotnet/coreclr#24191)

* Fix Satellite Assembly loading

When loading satellite assemblies, we should probe next to the parent
assembly and load into the same AssemblyLoadContext as the parent
assembly.

Disable fallback probing for satellite assemblies.

Add AssemblyLoadContext.Resolving handler to probe for satellite
assemblies next to parent

Fixes dotnet/coreclr#20979

* Call ResolveSatelliteAssembly from native

Only call ResolveSatelliteAssembly from native when
resolving a satellite assembly

* PR Feedback

Minimize string creation
Remove unnecessary if null checks
Eliminate corner cases by only allowing one case insensitive matching directory.

* ResolveSatelliteAssembly should ...

ResolveSatelliteAssembly should always be called on the ALC which loaded parentAssembly

Simplify code.
Add Debug.Assert

* Remove case insensitive culture search

* PR Feedback

* Fix parentAssembly logic

* Fixes from initial testing

* Add probe for lower case culture name

* PR feedback

Commit migrated from https://github.com/dotnet/coreclr/commit/a65e2b9f1fe36d9b4dd0c850ec71984919547e18