[Attributor][NFCI] Distinguish optional and required dependences

[Attributor][NFCI] Distinguish optional and required dependences

Dependences between two abstract attributes SRC and TRG come naturally in
two flavors:
  Either (1) "some" information of SRC is *required* for TRG to derive
  information, or (2) SRC is just an *optional* way for TRG to derive
  information.

While it is not strictly necessary to distinguish these types
explicitly, it can help us to converge faster, in terms of iterations,
and also cut down the number of `AbstractAttribute::update` calls.

As far as I can tell, we only use optional dependences for liveness so
far but that might change in the future. With this change the Attributor
can be informed about the "dependence class" and it will perform
appropriate actions when an Attribute is set to an invalid state, thus
one that cannot be used by others to derive information from.