inotify: Add flag IN_MASK_CREATE for inotify_add_watch()

inotify: Add flag IN_MASK_CREATE for inotify_add_watch()

The flag IN_MASK_CREATE is introduced as a flag for inotiy_add_watch()
which prevents inotify from modifying any existing watches when invoked.
If the pathname specified in the call has a watched inode associated
with it and IN_MASK_CREATE is specified, fail with an errno of EEXIST.

Use of IN_MASK_CREATE with IN_MASK_ADD is reserved for future use and
will return EINVAL.

RATIONALE

In the current implementation, there is no way to prevent
inotify_add_watch() from modifying existing watch descriptors. Even if
the caller keeps a record of all watch descriptors collected, this is
only sufficient to detect that an existing watch descriptor may have
been modified.

The assumption that a particular path will map to the same inode over
multiple calls to inotify_add_watch() cannot be made as files can be
renamed or deleted.  It is also not possible to assume that two distinct
paths do no map to the same inode, due to hard-links or a dereferenced
symbolic link. Further uses of inotify_add_watch() to revert the change
may cause other watch descriptors to be modified or created, merely
compunding the problem. There is currently no system call such as
inotify_modify_watch() to explicity modify a watch descriptor, which
would be able to revert unwanted changes. Thus the caller cannot
guarantee to be able to revert any changes to existing watch decriptors.

Additionally the caller cannot assume that the events that are
associated with a watch descriptor are within the set requested, as any
future calls to inotify_add_watch() may unintentionally modify a watch
descriptor's mask. Thus it cannot currently be guaranteed that a watch
descriptor will only generate events which have been requested. The
program must filter events which come through its watch descriptor to
within its expected range.

Reviewed-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Henry Wilson <henry.wilson@acentic.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>