[clang-doc] Add template support.

[clang-doc] Add template support.

Reads template information from the AST and adds template parameters and
specialization information to the corresponding clang-doc structures.

Add a "QualName" to the Reference struct which includes the full
qualified type name. The Reference object represents a link in the
HTML/MD generators so is based on the unqualified name. But this does
not encode C-V qualifiers or template information that decorate the
name. The new QualName member encodes all of this information and also
makes it easier for the generators or downsteam YAML consumers to
generate the full name (before they had to process the "Path").

In test code that was changed, remove made-up paths to built-in types
like "int". In addition to slightnly cleaning up the code, these types
do not have paths in real execution, and generating incorrect references
to nonexistant data may complicate future changes in the generators.

Convert llvm::Optional to std::optional (YAML library requires this for
the new usage, and this makes everything consistent according to the
llvm::Optional -> std::optional transition).

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D139154