[libc++] Disentangle std::pointer_safety

[libc++] Disentangle std::pointer_safety

This patch gets rid of technical debt around std::pointer_safety which,
I claim, is entirely unnecessary. I don't think anybody has used
std::pointer_safety in actual code because we do not implement the
underlying garbage collection support. In fact, P2186 even proposes
removing these facilities entirely from a future C++ version. As such,
I think it's entirely fine to get rid of complex workarounds whose goals
were to avoid breaking the ABI back in 2017.

I'm putting this up both to get reviews and to discuss this proposal for
a breaking change. I think we should be comfortable with making these
tiny breaks if we are confident they won't hurt anyone, which I'm fairly
confident is the case here.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D100410