[lldb] Introduce separate scratch ASTs for debug info types and types imported from...

[lldb] Introduce separate scratch ASTs for debug info types and types imported from C++ modules.

Right now we have one large AST for all types in LLDB. All ODR violations in
types we reconstruct are resolved by just letting the ASTImporter handle the
conflicts (either by merging types or somehow trying to introduce a duplicated
declaration in the AST). This works ok for the normal types we build from debug
information as most of them are just simple CXXRecordDecls or empty template
declarations.

However, with a loaded `std` C++ module we have alternative versions of pretty
much all declarations in the `std` namespace that are much more fleshed out than
the debug information declarations. They have all the information that is lost
when converting to DWARF, such as default arguments, template default arguments,
the actual uninstantiated template declarations and so on.

When we merge these C++ module types into the big scratch AST (that might
already contain debug information types) we give the ASTImporter the tricky task
of somehow creating a consistent AST out of all these declarations. Usually this
ends in a messy AST that contains a mostly broken mix of both module and debug
info declarations. The ASTImporter in LLDB is also importing types with the
MinimalImport setting, which usually means the only information we have when
merging two types is often just the name of the declaration and the information
that it contains some child declarations. This makes it pretty much impossible
to even implement a better merging logic (as the names of C++ module
declarations and debug info declarations are identical).

This patch works around this whole merging problem by separating C++ module
types from debug information types. This is done by splitting up the single
scratch AST into two: One default AST for debug information and a dedicated AST
for C++ module types.

The C++ module AST is implemented as a 'specialised AST' that lives within the
default ScratchTypeSystemClang. When we select the scratch AST we can explicitly
request that we want such a isolated sub-AST of the scratch AST. I kept the
infrastructure more general as we probably can use the same mechanism for other
features that introduce conflicting types (such as programs that are compiled
with a custom -wchar-size= option).

There are just two places where we explicitly have request the C++ module AST:
When we export persistent declarations (`$mytype`) and when we create our
persistent result variable (`$0`, `$1`, ...). There are a few formatters that
were previously assuming that there is only one scratch AST which I cleaned up
in a preparation revision here (D92757).

Reviewed By: aprantl

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D92759