selftests/bpf: add precision propagation tests in the presence of subprogs

selftests/bpf: add precision propagation tests in the presence of subprogs

Add a bunch of tests validating verifier's precision backpropagation
logic in the presence of subprog calls and/or callback-calling
helpers/kfuncs.

We validate the following conditions:
  - subprog_result_precise: static subprog r0 result precision handling;
  - global_subprog_result_precise: global subprog r0 precision
    shortcutting, similar to BPF helper handling;
  - callback_result_precise: similarly r0 marking precise for
    callback-calling helpers;
  - parent_callee_saved_reg_precise, parent_callee_saved_reg_precise_global:
    propagation of precision for callee-saved registers bypassing
    static/global subprogs;
  - parent_callee_saved_reg_precise_with_callback: same as above, but in
    the presence of callback-calling helper;
  - parent_stack_slot_precise, parent_stack_slot_precise_global:
    similar to above, but instead propagating precision of stack slot
    (spilled SCALAR reg);
  - parent_stack_slot_precise_with_callback: same as above, but in the
    presence of callback-calling helper;
  - subprog_arg_precise: propagation of precision of static subprog's
    input argument back to caller;
  - subprog_spill_into_parent_stack_slot_precise: negative test
    validating that verifier currently can't support backtracking of stack
    access with non-r10 register, we validate that we fallback to
    forcing precision for all SCALARs.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230505043317.3629845-10-andrii@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>