meson: Don't use get_option('buildtype')

meson: Don't use get_option('buildtype')

We should directly check the values of the `debug` and `optimization`
options instead.

`get_option('buildtype')` will return `'custom'` for most combinations
of `-Doptimization` and `-Ddebug`, but those two will always be set
correctly if only `-Dbuildtype` is set. So we should look at those
options directly.

For the two-way mapping between `buildtype` and `optimization`
+ `debug`, see this table:
https://mesonbuild.com/Builtin-options.html#build-type-options