[libc++] Refactor __debug_three_way_comp

[libc++] Refactor __debug_three_way_comp

This makes __debug_three_way_comp consistent with __debug_less and
in particular gets rid of a potential use-after-move caused by the
use of std::forward. In the previous version of the code, we would
call `__do_compare_assert` after forwarding the arguments into the
comparator, which could end up using the arguments after they've been
moved from.

This also simplifies how we call `__do_compare_assert` by using
`if constexpr` and adds a missing test for proxy iterators in
lexicographical_compare_three_way, which could have found this
issue.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D152753