vulkan: provide common functions to check device features

vulkan: provide common functions to check device features

v2: move checks to vk_device_init, ignore struct types from
    provisional extensions + lots of cleanups/fixes (Jason Ekstrand)
v3: squash in following patch from Jason:
    "vulkan: Restructure vk_physical_device_check_device_features()"
v4 (Jason): Fix a Windows build error

Signed-off-by: Tapani Pälli <tapani.palli@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Jason Ekstrand <jason@jlekstrand.net>
Part-of: <https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa/-/merge_requests/12867>