fs-util: add new chase_symlinks() flag CHASE_OPEN

fs-util: add new chase_symlinks() flag CHASE_OPEN

The new flag returns the O_PATH fd of the final component, which may be
converted into a proper fd by open()ing it again through the
/proc/self/fd/xyz path.

Together with O_SAFE this provides us with a somewhat safe way to open()
files in directories potentially owned by unprivileged code, where we
want to refuse operation if any symlink tricks are played pointing to
privileged files.