PR libstdc++/91788 improve codegen for std::variant<T...>::index()

PR libstdc++/91788 improve codegen for std::variant<T...>::index()

If __index_type is a smaller type than size_t, then the result of
size_t(__index_type(-1)) is not equal to size_t(-1), but to an incorrect
value such as size_t(255) or size_t(65535). The old implementation of
variant<T...>::index() uses (size_t(__index_type(_M_index + 1)) - 1)
which is always correct, but generates suboptimal code for many common
cases.

When the __index_type is size_t or valueless variants are not possible
we can just return the value directly.

When the number of alternatives is sufficiently small the result of
converting the _M_index value to the corresponding signed type will be
either non-negative or -1. In those cases converting to the signed type
and then to size_t will either produce the correct positive value or
will sign extend -1 to (size_t)-1 as desired.

For the remaining case we keep the existing arithmetic operations to
ensure the correct result.

	PR libstdc++/91788 (partial)
	* include/std/variant (variant::index()): Improve codegen for cases
	where conversion to size_t already works correctly.

From-SVN: r276056