mesa: add more cases to the gallium vertex_formats table

mesa: add more cases to the gallium vertex_formats table

The way we convert gltype to the index changed to handle more enums.
The reason why (gltype & 0x3f) works is because of how the enums are
defined.

Also change the type to uint8_t. We only need the low 7 bits of
the pipe format enum.

Reviewed-by: Pierre-Eric Pelloux-Prayer <pierre-eric.pelloux-prayer@amd.com>
Part-of: <https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa/-/merge_requests/19783>