[lld-macho] Add support for emitting chained fixups

[lld-macho] Add support for emitting chained fixups

This commit adds support for chained fixups, which were introduced in
Apple's late 2020 OS releases. This format replaces the dyld opcodes
used for supplying rebase and binding information, and encodes most of
that data directly in the memory location that will have the fixup
applied.

This reduces binary size and is a requirement for page-in linking, which
will be available starting with macOS 13.

A high-level overview of the format and my implementation can be found
in SyntheticSections.h.

This feature is currently gated behind the `-fixup_chains` flag, and
will be enabled by default for supported targets in a later commit.

Like in ld64, lazy binding is disabled when chained fixups are in use,
and the `-init_offsets` transformation is performed by default.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D132560