-# @(#)australasia 7.72
+# <pre>
+# @(#)australasia 8.11
+# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+
# This file also includes Pacific islands.
# Notes are at the end of this file
9:00 - CST 1899 May
9:30 Aus CST
# Western Australia
+#
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul
- 8:00 - WST 1974 Oct lastSun 2:00s
- 8:00 1:00 WST 1975 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
- 8:00 - WST 1983 Oct lastSun 2:00s
- 8:00 1:00 WST 1984 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
- 8:00 - WST 1991 Nov 17 2:00s
- 8:00 1:00 WST 1992 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
- 8:00 - WST
+ 8:00 AW WST
+Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec
+ 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul
+ 8:45 AW CWST
+
# Queensland
#
# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01):
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AS 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
Rule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
Rule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AS 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AS 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
9:00 - CST 1899 May
9:30 AS CST
# Tasmania
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
+# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml>
+# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
+#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AT 1991 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
10:00 Aus EST 1967
10:00 AT EST
+Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep
+ 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
+ 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
+ 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul
+ 10:00 AT EST
# Victoria
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AV 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AV 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
10:00 Aus EST 1971
Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AN 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AN 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
10:00 Aus EST 1971
Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 -
Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
-Rule LH 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
+Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
-Rule LH 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
+Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
+Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
+Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
+Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
+Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 -
Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
10:00 - EST 1981 Mar
10:30 LH LHST
#
# Ashmore Is, Cartier
# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
-# like Australia/Perth, says Turner
+# no times are set
#
# Coral Sea Is
# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
-# no information
+# no times are set
#
# Macquarie
# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948;
# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917
-# like Australia/Hobart, says Turner
+# like Australia/Hobart
# Christmas
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
# Cook Is
-# From Shanks:
+# From Shanks & Pottenger:
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
# Micronesia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Yap 9:12:32 - LMT 1901 # Colonia
- 9:00 - YAPT 1969 Oct # Yap Time
- 10:00 - YAPT
Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time
Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
-# Shanks says the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
+# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13
Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D
Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D
-Rule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
-Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
-Rule Chatham 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
+Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
+Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
+Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
+Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
+Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
# US minor outlying islands
# Howland, Baker
-# uninhabited since World War II
-# no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago
+# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British
+# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
+# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
+# uninhabited thereafter.
+# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937;
+# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
+# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
+# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
+# until they were abandoned after the war.
# Jarvis
-# uninhabited since 1958
+# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?.
+# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958;
+# uninhabited thereafter.
# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
# Johnston
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
-# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
-# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
+# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
#
# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
# of the IATA's data after 1990.
#
-# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
-# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
+# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
+# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
#
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
# std dst
# LMT Local Mean Time
# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia
+# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia*
# 9:00 JST Japan
# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia
# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia
# Australia
-# <a href="http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html">
-# Australia's Daylight Saving Times
-# </a>, by Margaret Turner, summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
+# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
+# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml">
+# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
+# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
+# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving">
+# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
+# </a> covers New South Wales in particular.
# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00
# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00
+# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01):
+# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones:
+# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time>
+# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations:
+# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml>
+
# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST"
# versus "AEST" etc.:
#
# understood in Australia.
# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
-# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand.
+# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
# Standard Time Act, 1898
# </a>
+# From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
+# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
+# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
+# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday
+# in April instead of the last Sunday in March.
+#
+# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14):
+# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan
+# to extend DST together in 2006.
+# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt
+# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html
+# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html
+# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772
+# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
+# allude to it.
+# But not Queensland
+# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html.
+
# Northern Territory
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
+# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
+# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
+# WA are trialing DST for three years.
+# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf>
+
# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
-# southern coast of Australia, population 10 at last report, along with
-# 50,000 sheep, about 100 kilometers long and 40 kilometers into the
-# continent. The primary town is Madura, with the other towns being
-# Mundrabilla and Eucla. According to the sheriff of Madura, the
-# residents got tired of having to change the time so often, as they are
-# located in a strip overlapping the border of South Australia and Western
-# Australia. South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
+# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The
# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so
# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the
# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South
-# Australia and Western Australia. As it only affects about 10 people and
-# tourists staying at the Madura Motel, it has never really made as big an
-# impact as Broken Hill. However, as tourist visiting there or anyone
-# calling the local sheriff will attest, they do keep time in this way.
+# Australia and Western Australia....
#
# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
# This is confirmed by the section entitled
# "What's the deal with time zones???" in
-# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>,
-# which says a few other things:
+# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>.
+#
+# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
+# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
+# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern
+# coast of the continent.
+#
+# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no
+# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border
+# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west
+# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is
+# the largest population centre in this zone....
#
-# * Border Village, SA also is 45 minutes ahead of Perth.
-# * The locals call this time zone "central W.A. Time" (presumably "CWAT").
-# * The locals also call Western Australia time "Perth time".
+# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the
+# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I
+# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have,
+# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45.
#
-# It's not clear from context whether everyone in Western Australia
-# knows of this naming convention, or whether it's just the people in
-# this subregion.
+# (2006-12-09):
+# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving
+# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis
+# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well
+# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago.
-# South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15):
+# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the
+# introduction of standard time in 1895.
+
+
+# southeast Australia
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
+# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT
+# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October.
+# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html
-# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
-# The rules from version 7.1 follow.
-# There are lots of differences between these rules and
-# the Shepherd et al. rules. Since the Shepherd et al. rules
-# and Bradley White's newspaper article are in agreement on
-# current DST ending dates, no worries.
-#
-# Rule Oz 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
-# Rule Oz 1986 max - Oct Sun<=24 2:00 1:00 -
-# Rule Oz 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 -
-# Rule Oz 1973 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
-# Rule Oz 1987 max - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 -
-# Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 Oz EST
-# Zone Australia/South 9:30 Oz CST
-# Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 Oz EST 1985 Oct lastSun 2:00
-# 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun<=21 3:00
-# 10:00 Oz EST
-
-# From Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
-# I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct...
-# that changed Oct 89. That is, we're back to the
-# original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states
-# that have dst, incl Qld. (Certainly it was true in Vic).
-# The file I'm including says that happened in 1988, I think
-# that's incorrect, but I'm not 100% certain.
# South Australia
# ...
# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
-# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 C
+# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C
# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
# From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
-# From John Warburton <jwarb@SACBH.com.au> (1994-10-07):
+# From John Warburton (1994-10-07):
# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
+# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
+# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
+
# Tasmania
# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:
# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300
+# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
+# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
+
# Victoria
# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html
# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au
+# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
+# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
+
# New South Wales
# From Arthur David Olson:
# legislation. This is very important to understand.
# I have researched New South Wales time only...
-# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
-# The Information Service of the Australian National Standards Commission
-# <a href="http://www.nsc.gov.au/InfoServ/Ileaflet/il27.htm">
-# Daylight Saving
-# </a> page (1995-04) has an excellent overall history of Australian DST.
-# The Community Relations Division of the NSW Attorney General's Department
-# publishes a history of daylight saving in NSW. See:
-# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/crd.nsf/pages/time2">
-# Lawlink NSW: Daylight Saving in New South Wales
-# </a>
-
# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore,
# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW
# towns to use Queensland time.
+# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
+# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
+
# Yancowinna
# From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
# Lord Howe Island
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
-# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen.. pauline@Aus ]
+# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ]
# [ Dec 1990 ]
# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
# hour ahead of NSW time.
# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start
# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW.
-# From Paul Eggert (2001-02-09):
-# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks through 1989, and Lonergan thereafter.
-# For times we use Lonergan.
-
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and
+# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
+# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28):
+# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight
+# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009
+# summer (southern hemisphere).
+#
+# From
+# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf">
+# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf
+# </a>
+# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling
+# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.
+# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each
+# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year.
+# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia
+# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and
+# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...
+#
+# We have a wrap-up here:
+# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html">
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html
+# </a>
###############################################################################
# New Zealand
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
-# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Geofft@Aus.. Auckland N.Z. ]
+# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ]
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
# ...
# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
# rather than the October 1 value.
# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
-# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand.
+# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight
# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
#
-# From Paul Eggert (2003-05-26):
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history,
# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references.
-# Use these sources in preference to Shanks.
+# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger.
#
# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with
# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham
# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland.
+# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30):
+# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the
+# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning
+# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
+# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
+
###############################################################################
# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
#
-# Shanks writes that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 on 1978-10-01;
-# ignore this for now.
+# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11
+# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
# to say your prayers in the morning."
-# From Paul Eggert (1999-08-12):
-# Shanks says the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium
# * Tonga will introduce DST in November
#
# I was given this link by John Letts:
-# <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm">
+# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm">
# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
# </a>
#
# (12 + 1 hour DST).
# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):
-# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>
+# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html">
# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html
# </a>:
# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
-# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.
-#
-# An Anglo-French Conference on Time-Keeping at Sea (June, 1917) agreed that
-# legal time on the high seas would be zone time, i.e., the standard time at
-# the nearest meridian that is a multiple of fifteen degrees. The date is
+# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not
# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
# correct date is ambiguous.
+# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31):
+# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting
+# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's
+# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's
+# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the
+# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all
+# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones
+# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any
+# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted
+# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's
+# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were
+# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
+# independent merchant ships until World War II.
+
# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen
# (2005-03-20):
#
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