-# @(#)antarctica 7.13
+# @(#)antarctica 8.3
+# <pre>
-# From Paul Eggert (1997-03-28):
-# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round;
-# see
-# <a href="http://earth.agu.org/amen/nations.html">
-# Antarctic Activities of Member Nations of the Antarctic Treaty (1996-05-24)
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15):
+# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
+# <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/">
+# COMNAP - Stations and Bases
# </a>
# and
# <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm">
-# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1996-09-05)
+# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23)
# </a>
# for information.
# Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
#
# Except for the French entries,
# I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
-# FORMAT is `___' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
+# FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
+
+# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule RussAQ 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule RussAQ 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule RussAQ 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule RussAQ 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
+Rule RussAQ 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule RussAQ 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule RussAQ 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
# These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 -
+Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 2 0:00 0 -
+Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S
Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule ArgAQ 1974 1976 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule ArgAQ 1975 1977 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 -
-Rule ChileAQ 1969 max - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule ChileAQ 1970 max - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 -
+Rule ChileAQ 1972 1986 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
+Rule ChileAQ 1974 1987 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
+Rule ChileAQ 1987 only - Apr 12 3:00u 0 -
+Rule ChileAQ 1988 1989 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
+Rule ChileAQ 1988 only - Oct Sun>=1 4:00u 1:00 S
+Rule ChileAQ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
+Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Mar 18 3:00u 0 -
+Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Sep 16 4:00u 1:00 S
+Rule ChileAQ 1991 1996 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
+Rule ChileAQ 1991 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
+Rule ChileAQ 1997 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 -
+Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
+Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 4:00u 1:00 S
+Rule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 3:00u 0 -
+Rule ChileAQ 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
+Rule ChileAQ 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
-# Argentina - 6 year-round bases
-# General Belgrano II
-# 5 others
+# Argentina - year-round bases
+# Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
+# Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
+# Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
+# Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
+# Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22
+# San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21
+# (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21)
# Australia - territories
# Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)
+# previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
+# <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html">
+# Margaret Turner reports
+# </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;
+# presumably this is when they have visitors.
#
# year-round bases
-# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, since 1969
-# Davis, Vestfold Hills, since 1957-01-13 (except 1965-01 - 1969-02)
-# Mawson, Holme Bay, since 1954-02-13
+# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969
+# Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13
+# (except 1964-11 - 1969-02)
+# Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - ___ 1969
+Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969
8:00 - WST # Western (Aus) Standard Time
-#Zone Antartica/Davis unknown
-Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - ___ 1954 Feb 13
+Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13
+ 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time
+ 0 - zzz 1969 Feb
+ 7:00 - DAVT
+Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13
6:00 - MAWT # Mawson Time
# References:
# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html">
# Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
# </a>
+# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html">
+# Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26)
+# </a>
# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html">
# Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25)
# </a>
# Brazil - year-round base
-# Ferraz, King George Island, since 1983/4
+# Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4
-# Chile - 4 year-round bases
+# Chile - year-round bases and towns
+# Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994
+# Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
+# General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
+# Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941
+# Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09
+# These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'.
# China - year-round bases
-# Great Wall, King George Island, since 1985-02-20
-# Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, since 1989-02-26
-
-# Finland - year-round base
-# Aboa, Queen Maud Land, since 1988
+# Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20
+# Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26
# France - year-round bases
#
-# From Antoine Leca <Antoine.Leca@Renault.FR> (1997-01-20):
+# From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20):
# Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP
# (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology).
# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases
# Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
# Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964
# Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
-# a whaling and sealing station operated 1908-14, 1920-29, and 1951-56
+# whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956
#
-# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited since 1931
+# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
+# fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - ___ 1950 # Port-aux-Francais
+Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais
5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time
#
# year-round base in the main continent
-# Dumont-d'Urville, Terre Adelie (Adelie Land), -6640+14001, since 1956-11
+# Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
#
# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - ___ 1947
+Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947
10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time
- 0 - ___ 1956 Nov
+ 0 - zzz 1956 Nov
10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time
# Reference:
-# <a href="http://www.icair.iac.org.nz/science/reports/fr/IFRTP.html">
-# Support and Development of Polar Research and Technology (1997-02-03)
+# <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station">
+# Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05)
# </a>
-
# Germany - year-round base
-# Georg von Neumayer
+# Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815
# India - year-round base
-# Dakshin Gangotri
+# Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200
# Japan - year-round bases
-# Dome Fuji
-# Syowa
+# Dome Fuji, -7719+03942
+# Syowa, -690022+0393524
+#
+# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
+# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.
+#
+# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan,
+# was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main
+# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29
+ 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time
+# See:
+# <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html">
+# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
+# </a>
# S Korea - year-round base
-# King Sejong, King George Island, since 1988
+# King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988
# New Zealand - claims
# Balleny Islands (never inhabited)
# Peter I Island (never inhabited)
# Poland - year-round base
-# Arctowski, King George Island, since 1977
+# Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977
# Russia - year-round bases
-# Bellingshausen, King George Island
-# Mirny
-# Molodezhnaya
-# Novolazarevskaya
-# Vostok
+# Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22
+# Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
+# Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551,
+# year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01
+# Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150,
+# year-round from 1960/61 to 1992
+
+# Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
+# <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP">
+# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>:
+# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
+# time as Moscow, Russia.
+#
+# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
+# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
+# what they had to say about time there:
+# ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
+# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
+# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
+# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
+# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.''
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
+# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
+# in person. He said that some Antartic locations set their local
+# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
+# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
+# solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
+# happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time
+# it is at Vostok. But we'll guess UTC+6.
+#
+Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16
+ 6:00 - VOST # Vostok time
# S Africa - year-round bases
-# Marion Island
-# Sanae
+# Marion Island, -4653+03752
+# Sanae, -7141-00250
# UK
#
# British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
# South Orkney Islands
# scientific station from 1903
-# whaling station at Signy I 1920-1926
+# whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926
# South Shetland Islands
-# whaling station at Deception I 1912-1931
-# scientific station from 1943
#
# year-round bases
-# Halley, Coates Land, -7535-2619, since 1956-01-06
+# Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983
+# Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931,
+# scientific station 1943/1967,
+# previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident,
+# and a garrison was deployed briefly
+# Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06
+# Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated
+# so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location.
# Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22)
+# <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year.
+#
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - zzz 1976 Dec 1
+ -3:00 - ROTT # Rothera time
# Uruguay - year round base
-# Artigas, King George Island
+# Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107
# USA - year-round bases
#
# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)
#
-# From Ethan Dicks <erd@mcmsun5.mcmurdo.gov> (1996-10-06):
+# From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06):
# It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us
# and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line....
# I verified with someone who was there that since 1980,
# Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - ___ 1965
+Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965
-4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
-3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May
-4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT
#
#
-# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1956
+# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - ___ 1956
+Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956
12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT
#
-# Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, since 1957-01-23
+# Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20
+#
# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
# Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the
# larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit.
#
-# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-27):
+# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27):
# Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station,
# stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station,
# but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12
projects / platform / upstream / glibc.git / blobdiff