-# @(#)africa 7.24
+# @(#)africa 8.7
+# <pre>
# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1997-10-05):
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
#
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
-# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
+# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
#
-# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
+# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
# of the IATA's data after 1990.
#
-# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
-# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
+# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
+# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
#
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
# I found in the UCLA library.
#
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
-# Oxford University Press (1980).
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
#
# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
-# but Mark R V Murray <markm@iafrica.com> reports that
+# but Mark R V Murray reports that
# `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
# `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
# `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
# 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time
# 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used)
-# 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
+# 2:44:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
# 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
# 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
# 3:00 EAT East Africa Time
# Algeria
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun<=7 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 -
Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 -
-Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon<=7 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -
Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 -
Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 -
Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
-# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
+# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
+# more precise 0:09:21.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
# Angola
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892
- 0:52:04 - LMT 1911 May 26 # Luanda Mean Time?
+ 0:52:04 - AOT 1911 May 26 # Angola Time
1:00 - WAT
# Benin
-# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; go with Shanks.
+# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934;
+# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912
0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
2:00 - CAT
# Cameroon
-# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks.
+# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912
1:00 - WAT
Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
-# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00; go with Shanks.
-Rule Egypt 1995 max - Apr lastFri 1:00 1:00 S
-Rule Egypt 1995 max - Sep lastFri 3:00 0 -
+# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
+# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
+Rule Egypt 1995 max - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 -
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
+# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
+# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
+# after observing the daylight saving time since May.
+# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
+Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Egypt 2007 max - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:00 - LMT 1900 Oct
# Eritrea
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Asmera 2:35:32 - LMT 1870
- 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmera Mean Time
+Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870
+ 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time
2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
3:00 - EAT
# Ethiopia
-# From Paul Eggert (1997-10-05):
-# Shanks writes that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones between
-# 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890.
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones
+# between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890.
# We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870
# Ghana
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present''; go with Shanks.
+# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present'';
+# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
3:00 - EAT 1930
2:30 - BEAT 1940
- 2:45 - BEAUT 1960
+ 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1960
3:00 - EAT
# Lesotho
2:00 - SAST
# Liberia
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
-# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 minutes.
+# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.
# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
-# Shanks reports the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; go with Shanks.
-# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks reports -0:44, whereas Howse and Whitman
-# each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
-#
-# From Shanks, as corrected by Whitman:
+# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan;
+# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and
+# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
-0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Libya 1987 1990 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Libya 1990 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Libya 1996 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Libya 1996 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Libya 1997 max - Mar lastThu 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Libya 1997 max - Oct Thu>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959
2:00 - EET 1982
- 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1991
- 2:00 - EET 1996 Mar 30 3:00
- 1:00 Libya CE%sT
+ 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4
+# The following entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
+# the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors.
+ 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30
+ 1:00 - CET 1997 Apr 4
+ 1:00 1:00 CEST 1997 Oct 4
+ 2:00 - EET
# Madagascar
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
-1:00 - WAT 1960 Jun 20
0:00 - GMT
-# no longer different from Bamako, but too famous to omit
-Zone Africa/Timbuktu -0:12:04 - LMT 1912
- 0:00 - GMT
# Mauritania
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2:00 - CAT
# Namibia
-# Shanks says DST transitions are at 0:00; go with IATA.
-# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks.
+# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
#
# Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows.
# The following information about them is taken from
-# <a href="http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm">
-# Iles Eparses
-# </a>
-# (1997-07-22, in French). We have no info about their time zone histories.
+# Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French;
+# no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
+# We have no info about their time zone histories.
#
# Bassas da India - uninhabited
# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
2:00 - CAT
# St Helena
-# From Paul Eggert (1997-10-05):
-# Shanks says St Helena was 1W26 (-0:05:44) from 1890 to 1951,
-# but this is most likely a typo for 5W42, the longitude of Jamestown.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown
-0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time
# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
# Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA
-# Gough (scientific station since 1955): on GMT, says the CIA
+# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
+# on GMT, says the CIA
# Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT
# Sao Tome and Principe
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
+# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
+# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
+# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
+# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
+# Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
# Sierra Leone
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks.
+# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 0:40 SLST
Rule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 WAT
Rule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 SLST
Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
2:00 SA SAST
-# Shanks erroneously claims that most of South Africa switched to 1:00
-# on 1994-04-03 at 00:00.
-#
# Marion and Prince Edward Is
-# weather station since 1947
+# scientific station since 1947
# no information
# Sudan
-# From Michael Ross <mross@antigone.com> (1995-11-15):
-# Sudan no longer observes any form of daylight time change.
-# I verified this today by telephone with the Sudan Mission to the
-# United Nations: 212-573-6033
+#
+# From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html">
+# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13)
+# </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
+# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
+# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
+# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
+#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
- 2:00 Sudan CA%sT
+ 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
+ 3:00 - EAT
# Swaziland
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931
3:00 - EAT 1948
- 2:45 - BEAUT 1961
+ 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1961
3:00 - EAT
# Togo
0:00 - GMT
# Tunisia
+
+# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
+# My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
+# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News
+# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
+# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
+# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
+# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
+# Saturday." (My translation)
+#
+# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
+# LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ...
+# <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html>
+# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
+# 1h standard time.
+#
+# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
+# The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
+# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
+# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
+# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
-# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
-# Shanks says the 1911 switch occurred on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
+Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 2006 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 2006 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
+# more precise 0:09:21.
+# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12
0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul
3:00 - EAT 1930
2:30 - BEAT 1948
- 2:45 - BEAUT 1957
+ 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1957
3:00 - EAT
# Zambia
projects / platform / upstream / glibc.git / blobdiff