Imported Upstream version 2.6.1
[platform/upstream/cryptsetup.git] / src / cryptsetup.c
index fcc3571..e387c1c 100644 (file)
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2004 Jana Saout <jana@saout.de>
  * Copyright (C) 2004-2007 Clemens Fruhwirth <clemens@endorphin.org>
- * Copyright (C) 2009-2021 Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.
- * Copyright (C) 2009-2021 Milan Broz
+ * Copyright (C) 2009-2023 Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2009-2023 Milan Broz
  *
  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
  * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  */
 
-#include "cryptsetup.h"
 #include <uuid/uuid.h>
 
-static char *opt_cipher = NULL;
-static char *opt_keyslot_cipher = NULL;
-static char *opt_hash = NULL;
-static char *opt_json_file = NULL;
-static char *opt_key_file = NULL;
-static char *opt_keyfile_stdin = NULL;
-static char *opt_keyfiles[MAX_KEYFILES];
-static char *opt_master_key_file = NULL;
-static char *opt_header_backup_file = NULL;
-static char *opt_uuid = NULL;
-static char *opt_header_device = NULL;
-static char *opt_type = NULL;
-static char *opt_pbkdf = NULL;
-static char *opt_priority = NULL; /* normal */
-static char *opt_integrity = NULL; /* none */
-static char *opt_key_description = NULL;
-static char *opt_label = NULL;
-static char *opt_subsystem = NULL;
-static char *opt_active_name = NULL;
-static char *opt_resilience_mode = NULL; /* default value "checksum" */
-static char *opt_resilience_hash = NULL; /* default value "sha256" */
-
-/* helper strings converted to uint64_t later */
-static char *opt_reduce_size_str = NULL;
-static char *opt_hotzone_size_str = NULL;
-static char *opt_device_size_str = NULL;
-static char *opt_luks2_metadata_size_str = NULL;
-static char *opt_luks2_keyslots_size_str = NULL;
-
-static uint64_t opt_reduce_size = 0;
-static uint64_t opt_hotzone_size = 0;
-static uint64_t opt_device_size = 0;
-static uint64_t opt_luks2_metadata_size = 0;
-static uint64_t opt_luks2_keyslots_size = 0;
-
-static int opt_keyfiles_count = 0;
-static int opt_verify_passphrase = 0;
-static int opt_key_size = 0;
-static int opt_keyslot_key_size = 0;
-static long opt_keyfile_size = 0;
-static long opt_new_keyfile_size = 0;
-static uint64_t opt_keyfile_offset = 0;
-static uint64_t opt_new_keyfile_offset = 0;
-static int opt_key_slot = CRYPT_ANY_SLOT;
-static int opt_token = CRYPT_ANY_TOKEN;
-static int opt_token_only = 0;
-static uint64_t opt_size = 0;
-static uint64_t opt_offset = 0;
-static uint64_t opt_skip = 0;
-static int opt_skip_valid = 0;
-static int opt_readonly = 0;
-static int opt_timeout = 0;
-static int opt_tries = 3;
-static int opt_align_payload = 0;
-static int opt_random = 0;
-static int opt_urandom = 0;
-static int opt_dump_master_key = 0;
-static int opt_shared = 0;
-static int opt_allow_discards = 0;
-static int opt_perf_same_cpu_crypt = 0;
-static int opt_perf_submit_from_crypt_cpus = 0;
-static int opt_perf_no_read_workqueue = 0;
-static int opt_perf_no_write_workqueue = 0;
-static int opt_test_passphrase = 0;
-static int opt_tcrypt_hidden = 0;
-static int opt_tcrypt_system = 0;
-static int opt_tcrypt_backup = 0;
-static int opt_veracrypt = 0;
-static int opt_veracrypt_pim = -1;
-static int opt_veracrypt_query_pim = 0;
-static int opt_deferred_remove = 0;
-static int opt_serialize_memory_hard_pbkdf = 0;
-//FIXME: check uint32 overflow for long type
-static long opt_pbkdf_memory = DEFAULT_LUKS2_MEMORY_KB;
-static long opt_pbkdf_parallel = DEFAULT_LUKS2_PARALLEL_THREADS;
-static long opt_pbkdf_iterations = 0;
-static int opt_iteration_time = 0;
-static int opt_disable_locks = 0;
-static int opt_disable_keyring = 0;
-static int opt_integrity_nojournal = 0;
-static int opt_integrity_no_wipe = 0;
-static int opt_integrity_legacy_padding = 0;
-static int opt_sector_size = 0;
-static int opt_iv_large_sectors = 0;
-static int opt_persistent = 0;
-static int opt_unbound = 0;
-static int opt_refresh = 0;
-
-/* LUKS2 reencryption parameters */
-static int opt_encrypt = 0;
-static int opt_reencrypt_init_only = 0;
-static int opt_reencrypt_resume_only = 0;
-static int opt_decrypt = 0;
-
-/* do not set from command line, use helpers above */
-static int64_t opt_data_shift;
-static const char *device_type = "luks";
-static const char *set_pbkdf = NULL;
+#include "cryptsetup.h"
+#include "cryptsetup_args.h"
+#include "utils_luks.h"
+
+static char *keyfiles[MAX_KEYFILES];
+static char *keyfile_stdin = NULL;
+
+static int keyfiles_count = 0;
+int64_t data_shift = 0;
+
+const char *device_type = "luks";
+const char *set_pbkdf = NULL;
 
 static const char **action_argv;
 static int action_argc;
 static const char *null_action_argv[] = {NULL, NULL};
+static int total_keyfiles = 0;
 
-void tools_cleanup(void)
-{
-       FREE_AND_NULL(opt_cipher);
-       FREE_AND_NULL(opt_keyslot_cipher);
-       FREE_AND_NULL(opt_hash);
-       FREE_AND_NULL(opt_json_file);
-       FREE_AND_NULL(opt_key_file);
-       FREE_AND_NULL(opt_keyfile_stdin);
-       FREE_AND_NULL(opt_master_key_file);
-       FREE_AND_NULL(opt_header_backup_file);
-       FREE_AND_NULL(opt_uuid);
-       FREE_AND_NULL(opt_header_device);
-       FREE_AND_NULL(opt_type);
-       FREE_AND_NULL(opt_pbkdf);
-       FREE_AND_NULL(opt_priority);
-       FREE_AND_NULL(opt_integrity);
-       FREE_AND_NULL(opt_key_description);
-       FREE_AND_NULL(opt_label);
-       FREE_AND_NULL(opt_subsystem);
-       FREE_AND_NULL(opt_active_name);
-       FREE_AND_NULL(opt_resilience_mode);
-       FREE_AND_NULL(opt_resilience_hash);
-       FREE_AND_NULL(opt_reduce_size_str);
-       FREE_AND_NULL(opt_hotzone_size_str);
-       FREE_AND_NULL(opt_device_size_str);
-       FREE_AND_NULL(opt_luks2_metadata_size_str);
-       FREE_AND_NULL(opt_luks2_keyslots_size_str);
-
-       while (opt_keyfiles_count)
-               free(opt_keyfiles[--opt_keyfiles_count]);
-}
-
-static const char *uuid_or_device_header(const char **data_device)
-{
-       if (data_device)
-               *data_device = opt_header_device ? action_argv[0] : NULL;
+static struct tools_log_params log_parms;
 
-       return uuid_or_device(opt_header_device ?: action_argv[0]);
-}
+struct tools_arg tool_core_args[] = { { NULL, false, CRYPT_ARG_BOOL }, /* leave unused due to popt library */
+#define ARG(A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H) { A, false, F, G, H },
+#include "cryptsetup_arg_list.h"
+#undef ARG
+};
 
-static const char *luksType(const char *type)
+void tools_cleanup(void)
 {
-       if (type && !strcmp(type, "luks2"))
-               return CRYPT_LUKS2;
-
-       if (type && !strcmp(type, "luks1"))
-               return CRYPT_LUKS1;
+       tools_args_free(tool_core_args, ARRAY_SIZE(tool_core_args));
 
-       if (type && !strcmp(type, "luks"))
-               return CRYPT_LUKS; /* NULL */
+       FREE_AND_NULL(keyfile_stdin);
 
-       if (type && *type)
-               return type;
+       while (keyfiles_count)
+               free(keyfiles[--keyfiles_count]);
 
-       return CRYPT_LUKS; /* NULL */
+       total_keyfiles = 0;
 }
 
-static int _verify_passphrase(int def)
-{
-       /* Batch mode switch off verify - if not overridden by -y */
-       if (opt_verify_passphrase)
-               def = 1;
-       else if (opt_batch_mode)
-               def = 0;
-
-       /* Non-tty input doesn't allow verify */
-       if (def && !isatty(STDIN_FILENO)) {
-               if (opt_verify_passphrase)
-                       log_err(_("Can't do passphrase verification on non-tty inputs."));
-               def = 0;
-       }
-
-       return def;
-}
-
-static void _set_activation_flags(uint32_t *flags)
+static const char *uuid_or_device_header(const char **data_device)
 {
-       if (opt_readonly)
-               *flags |= CRYPT_ACTIVATE_READONLY;
-
-       if (opt_allow_discards)
-               *flags |= CRYPT_ACTIVATE_ALLOW_DISCARDS;
-
-       if (opt_perf_same_cpu_crypt)
-               *flags |= CRYPT_ACTIVATE_SAME_CPU_CRYPT;
-
-       if (opt_perf_submit_from_crypt_cpus)
-               *flags |= CRYPT_ACTIVATE_SUBMIT_FROM_CRYPT_CPUS;
-
-       if (opt_perf_no_read_workqueue)
-               *flags |= CRYPT_ACTIVATE_NO_READ_WORKQUEUE;
-
-       if (opt_perf_no_write_workqueue)
-               *flags |= CRYPT_ACTIVATE_NO_WRITE_WORKQUEUE;
-
-       if (opt_integrity_nojournal)
-               *flags |= CRYPT_ACTIVATE_NO_JOURNAL;
-
-       /* In persistent mode, we use what is set on command line */
-       if (opt_persistent)
-               *flags |= CRYPT_ACTIVATE_IGNORE_PERSISTENT;
-
-       /* Only for LUKS2 but ignored elsewhere */
-       if (opt_test_passphrase)
-               *flags |= CRYPT_ACTIVATE_ALLOW_UNBOUND_KEY;
-
-       if (opt_serialize_memory_hard_pbkdf)
-               *flags |= CRYPT_ACTIVATE_SERIALIZE_MEMORY_HARD_PBKDF;
+       if (data_device)
+               *data_device = ARG_SET(OPT_HEADER_ID) ? action_argv[0] : NULL;
 
-       /* Only for plain */
-       if (opt_iv_large_sectors)
-               *flags |= CRYPT_ACTIVATE_IV_LARGE_SECTORS;
+       return uuid_or_device(ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_ID) ?: action_argv[0]);
 }
 
-static void _set_reencryption_flags(uint32_t *flags)
+static bool isLUKS(const char *type)
 {
-       if (opt_reencrypt_init_only)
-               *flags |= CRYPT_REENCRYPT_INITIALIZE_ONLY;
-
-       if (opt_reencrypt_resume_only)
-               *flags |= CRYPT_REENCRYPT_RESUME_ONLY;
+       return isLUKS2(type) || isLUKS1(type);
 }
 
 static int _set_keyslot_encryption_params(struct crypt_device *cd)
 {
        const char *type = crypt_get_type(cd);
 
-       if (!opt_keyslot_key_size && !opt_keyslot_cipher)
+       if (!ARG_SET(OPT_KEYSLOT_KEY_SIZE_ID) && !ARG_SET(OPT_KEYSLOT_CIPHER_ID))
                return 0;
 
-       if (!type || strcmp(type, CRYPT_LUKS2)) {
+       if (!isLUKS2(type)) {
                log_err(_("Keyslot encryption parameters can be set only for LUKS2 device."));
                return -EINVAL;
        }
 
-       return crypt_keyslot_set_encryption(cd, opt_keyslot_cipher, opt_keyslot_key_size / 8);
+       return crypt_keyslot_set_encryption(cd, ARG_STR(OPT_KEYSLOT_CIPHER_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYSLOT_KEY_SIZE_ID) / 8);
+}
+
+static int _try_token_pin_unlock(struct crypt_device *cd,
+                                int token_id,
+                                const char *activated_name,
+                                const char *token_type,
+                                uint32_t activate_flags,
+                                int tries,
+                                bool activation)
+{
+       size_t pin_len;
+       char msg[64], *pin = NULL;
+       int r;
+
+       assert(tries >= 1);
+       assert(token_id >= 0 || token_id == CRYPT_ANY_TOKEN);
+
+       if (token_id == CRYPT_ANY_TOKEN)
+               r = snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), _("Enter token PIN: "));
+       else
+               r = snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), _("Enter token %d PIN: "), token_id);
+       if (r < 0 || (size_t)r >= sizeof(msg))
+               return -EINVAL;
+
+       do {
+               r = tools_get_key(msg, &pin, &pin_len, 0, 0, NULL,
+                               ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID), verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
+               if (r < 0)
+                       break;
+
+               if (activation)
+                       r = crypt_activate_by_token_pin(cd, activated_name, token_type,
+                                                       token_id, pin, pin_len, NULL,
+                                                       activate_flags);
+               else
+                       r = crypt_resume_by_token_pin(cd, activated_name, token_type,
+                                                     token_id, pin, pin_len, NULL);
+               crypt_safe_free(pin);
+               pin = NULL;
+               tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);
+               tools_token_error_msg(r, ARG_STR(OPT_TOKEN_TYPE_ID), token_id, true);
+               check_signal(&r);
+       } while (r == -ENOANO && (--tries > 0));
+
+       return r;
 }
 
 static int action_open_plain(void)
@@ -272,20 +141,19 @@ static int action_open_plain(void)
        char *msg, cipher[MAX_CIPHER_LEN], cipher_mode[MAX_CIPHER_LEN];
        struct crypt_active_device cad;
        struct crypt_params_plain params = {
-               .hash = opt_hash ?: DEFAULT_PLAIN_HASH,
-               .skip = opt_skip,
-               .offset = opt_offset,
-               .size = opt_size,
-               .sector_size = opt_sector_size ?: SECTOR_SIZE
+               .hash = ARG_SET(OPT_HASH_ID) ? ARG_STR(OPT_HASH_ID) : DEFAULT_PLAIN_HASH,
+               .skip = ARG_UINT64(OPT_SKIP_ID),
+               .offset = ARG_UINT64(OPT_OFFSET_ID),
+               .sector_size = ARG_UINT32(OPT_SECTOR_SIZE_ID) ?: SECTOR_SIZE
        };
        char *password = NULL;
        const char *activated_name = NULL;
        size_t passwordLen, key_size_max, signatures = 0,
-              key_size = (opt_key_size ?: DEFAULT_PLAIN_KEYBITS) / 8;
+              key_size = (ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEY_SIZE_ID) ?: DEFAULT_PLAIN_KEYBITS) / 8;
        uint32_t activate_flags = 0;
        int r;
 
-       r = crypt_parse_name_and_mode(opt_cipher ?: DEFAULT_CIPHER(PLAIN),
+       r = crypt_parse_name_and_mode(ARG_STR(OPT_CIPHER_ID) ?: DEFAULT_CIPHER(PLAIN),
                                      cipher, NULL, cipher_mode);
        if (r < 0) {
                log_err(_("No known cipher specification pattern detected."));
@@ -293,9 +161,9 @@ static int action_open_plain(void)
        }
 
        /* FIXME: temporary hack, no hashing for keyfiles in plain mode */
-       if (opt_key_file && !tools_is_stdin(opt_key_file)) {
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID) && !tools_is_stdin(ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID))) {
                params.hash = NULL;
-               if (!opt_batch_mode && opt_hash)
+               if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID) && ARG_SET(OPT_HASH_ID))
                        log_std(_("WARNING: The --hash parameter is being ignored "
                                 "in plain mode with keyfile specified.\n"));
        }
@@ -303,11 +171,11 @@ static int action_open_plain(void)
        if (params.hash && !strcmp(params.hash, "plain"))
                params.hash = NULL;
 
-       if (!opt_batch_mode && !params.hash && opt_key_file && !tools_is_stdin(opt_key_file) && opt_keyfile_size)
+       if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID) && !params.hash && ARG_SET(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID) && !tools_is_stdin(ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID)) && ARG_SET(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID))
                log_std(_("WARNING: The --keyfile-size option is being ignored, "
                         "the read size is the same as the encryption key size.\n"));
 
-       if (opt_refresh) {
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_REFRESH_ID)) {
                activated_name = action_argc > 1 ? action_argv[1] : action_argv[0];
                r = crypt_init_by_name_and_header(&cd1, activated_name, NULL);
                if (r)
@@ -336,14 +204,14 @@ static int action_open_plain(void)
                        goto out;
 
                /* Skip blkid scan when activating plain device with offset */
-               if (!opt_offset) {
+               if (!ARG_UINT64(OPT_OFFSET_ID)) {
                        /* Print all present signatures in read-only mode */
-                       r = tools_detect_signatures(action_argv[0], 0, &signatures);
+                       r = tools_detect_signatures(action_argv[0], PRB_FILTER_NONE, &signatures, ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID));
                        if (r < 0)
                                goto out;
                }
 
-               if (signatures) {
+               if (signatures && !ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID)) {
                        r = asprintf(&msg, _("Detected device signature(s) on %s. Proceeding further may damage existing data."), action_argv[0]);
                        if (r == -1) {
                                r = -ENOMEM;
@@ -360,6 +228,11 @@ static int action_open_plain(void)
                pmode = cipher_mode;
        }
 
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_DEVICE_SIZE_ID))
+               params.size = ARG_UINT64(OPT_DEVICE_SIZE_ID) / SECTOR_SIZE;
+       else if (ARG_SET(OPT_SIZE_ID))
+               params.size = ARG_UINT64(OPT_SIZE_ID);
+
        r = crypt_format(cd, CRYPT_PLAIN,
                         pcipher, pmode,
                         NULL, NULL,
@@ -369,27 +242,27 @@ static int action_open_plain(void)
        if (r < 0)
                goto out;
 
-       if (opt_shared)
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_SHARED_ID))
                activate_flags |= CRYPT_ACTIVATE_SHARED;
 
-       _set_activation_flags(&activate_flags);
+       set_activation_flags(&activate_flags);
 
-       if (!tools_is_stdin(opt_key_file)) {
+       if (!tools_is_stdin(ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID))) {
                /* If no hash, key is read directly, read size is always key_size
-                * (possible opt_keyfile_size is ignored.
-                * If hash is specified, opt_keyfile_size is applied.
-                * The opt_keyfile_offset is applied always.
+                * (possible --keyfile_size is ignored.
+                * If hash is specified, --keyfile_size is applied.
+                * The --keyfile_offset is applied always.
                 */
-               key_size_max = params.hash ? (size_t)opt_keyfile_size : key_size;
+               key_size_max = params.hash ? ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID) : key_size;
                r = crypt_activate_by_keyfile_device_offset(cd, action_argv[1],
-                       CRYPT_ANY_SLOT, opt_key_file, key_size_max,
-                       opt_keyfile_offset, activate_flags);
+                       CRYPT_ANY_SLOT, ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID), key_size_max,
+                       ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), activate_flags);
        } else {
-               key_size_max = (opt_key_file && !params.hash) ? key_size : (size_t)opt_keyfile_size;
+               key_size_max = (ARG_SET(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID) && !params.hash) ? key_size : ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID);
                r = tools_get_key(NULL, &password, &passwordLen,
-                                 opt_keyfile_offset, key_size_max,
-                                 opt_key_file, opt_timeout,
-                                 _verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
+                                 ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), key_size_max,
+                                 ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID),
+                                 verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
                if (r < 0)
                        goto out;
 
@@ -408,21 +281,21 @@ static int action_open_loopaes(void)
 {
        struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
        struct crypt_params_loopaes params = {
-               .hash = opt_hash ?: NULL,
-               .offset = opt_offset,
-               .skip = opt_skip_valid ? opt_skip : opt_offset,
+               .hash = ARG_STR(OPT_HASH_ID),
+               .offset = ARG_UINT64(OPT_OFFSET_ID),
+               .skip = ARG_SET(OPT_SKIP_ID) ? ARG_UINT64(OPT_SKIP_ID) : ARG_UINT64(OPT_OFFSET_ID)
        };
-       unsigned int key_size = (opt_key_size ?: DEFAULT_LOOPAES_KEYBITS) / 8;
+       unsigned int key_size = (ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEY_SIZE_ID) ?: DEFAULT_LOOPAES_KEYBITS) / 8;
        uint32_t activate_flags = 0;
        const char *activated_name = NULL;
        int r;
 
-       if (!opt_key_file) {
+       if (!ARG_SET(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID)) {
                log_err(_("Option --key-file is required."));
                return -EINVAL;
        }
 
-       if (opt_refresh) {
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_REFRESH_ID)) {
                activated_name = action_argc > 1 ? action_argv[1] : action_argv[0];
                if ((r = crypt_init_by_name(&cd, activated_name)))
                        goto out;
@@ -432,18 +305,18 @@ static int action_open_loopaes(void)
                if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, action_argv[0])))
                        goto out;
 
-               r = crypt_format(cd, CRYPT_LOOPAES, opt_cipher ?: DEFAULT_LOOPAES_CIPHER,
+               r = crypt_format(cd, CRYPT_LOOPAES, ARG_STR(OPT_CIPHER_ID) ?: DEFAULT_LOOPAES_CIPHER,
                                 NULL, NULL, NULL, key_size, &params);
                check_signal(&r);
                if (r < 0)
                        goto out;
        }
 
-       _set_activation_flags(&activate_flags);
+       set_activation_flags(&activate_flags);
 
        r = crypt_activate_by_keyfile_device_offset(cd, activated_name, CRYPT_ANY_SLOT,
-               tools_is_stdin(opt_key_file) ? "/dev/stdin" : opt_key_file, opt_keyfile_size,
-               opt_keyfile_offset, activate_flags);
+               tools_is_stdin(ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID)) ? "/dev/stdin" : ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID),
+               ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), activate_flags);
 out:
        crypt_free(cd);
 
@@ -452,20 +325,18 @@ out:
 
 static int tcrypt_load(struct crypt_device *cd, struct crypt_params_tcrypt *params)
 {
-       int r, tries = opt_tries, eperm = 0;
-
-       if (opt_keyfile_stdin)
-               tries = 1;
+       int r, tries, eperm = 0;
 
+       tries = set_tries_tty();
        do {
                /* TCRYPT header is encrypted, get passphrase now */
                r = tools_get_key(NULL, CONST_CAST(char**)&params->passphrase,
-                                 &params->passphrase_size, 0, 0, opt_keyfile_stdin, opt_timeout,
-                                _verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
+                                 &params->passphrase_size, 0, 0, keyfile_stdin, ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID),
+                                verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
                if (r < 0)
                        continue;
 
-               if (opt_veracrypt_query_pim) {
+               if (ARG_SET(OPT_VERACRYPT_QUERY_PIM_ID)) {
                        char *tmp_pim_nptr = NULL;
                        char *tmp_pim_end = NULL;
                        size_t tmp_pim_size = 0;
@@ -473,8 +344,8 @@ static int tcrypt_load(struct crypt_device *cd, struct crypt_params_tcrypt *para
 
                        r = tools_get_key(_("Enter VeraCrypt PIM: "),
                                        &tmp_pim_nptr,
-                                       &tmp_pim_size, 0, 0, opt_keyfile_stdin, opt_timeout,
-                                       _verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
+                                       &tmp_pim_size, 0, 0, keyfile_stdin, ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID),
+                                       verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
                        if (r < 0)
                                continue;
 
@@ -497,13 +368,13 @@ static int tcrypt_load(struct crypt_device *cd, struct crypt_params_tcrypt *para
                        crypt_safe_memzero(&tmp_pim_ull, sizeof(tmp_pim_ull));
                }
 
-               if (opt_tcrypt_hidden)
+               if (ARG_SET(OPT_TCRYPT_HIDDEN_ID))
                        params->flags |= CRYPT_TCRYPT_HIDDEN_HEADER;
 
-               if (opt_tcrypt_system)
+               if (ARG_SET(OPT_TCRYPT_SYSTEM_ID))
                        params->flags |= CRYPT_TCRYPT_SYSTEM_HEADER;
 
-               if (opt_tcrypt_backup)
+               if (ARG_SET(OPT_TCRYPT_BACKUP_ID))
                        params->flags |= CRYPT_TCRYPT_BACKUP_HEADER;
 
                r = crypt_load(cd, CRYPT_TCRYPT, params);
@@ -532,19 +403,21 @@ static int action_open_tcrypt(void)
 {
        struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
        struct crypt_params_tcrypt params = {
-               .keyfiles = CONST_CAST(const char **)opt_keyfiles,
-               .keyfiles_count = opt_keyfiles_count,
+               .keyfiles = CONST_CAST(const char **)keyfiles,
+               .keyfiles_count = keyfiles_count,
                .flags = CRYPT_TCRYPT_LEGACY_MODES |
-                        (opt_veracrypt ? CRYPT_TCRYPT_VERA_MODES : 0),
-               .veracrypt_pim = (opt_veracrypt_pim > 0) ? opt_veracrypt_pim : 0,
+                        (ARG_SET(OPT_DISABLE_VERACRYPT_ID) ? 0 : CRYPT_TCRYPT_VERA_MODES),
+               .veracrypt_pim = ARG_UINT32(OPT_VERACRYPT_PIM_ID),
+               .hash_name = ARG_STR(OPT_HASH_ID),
+               .cipher = ARG_STR(OPT_CIPHER_ID),
        };
        const char *activated_name;
        uint32_t activate_flags = 0;
        int r;
 
-       activated_name = opt_test_passphrase ? NULL : action_argv[1];
+       activated_name = ARG_SET(OPT_TEST_PASSPHRASE_ID) ? NULL : action_argv[1];
 
-       r = crypt_init_data_device(&cd, opt_header_device ?: action_argv[0], action_argv[0]);
+       r = crypt_init_data_device(&cd, ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_ID) ?: action_argv[0], action_argv[0]);
        if (r < 0)
                goto out;
 
@@ -552,7 +425,7 @@ static int action_open_tcrypt(void)
        if (r < 0)
                goto out;
 
-       _set_activation_flags(&activate_flags);
+       set_activation_flags(&activate_flags);
 
        if (activated_name)
                r = crypt_activate_by_volume_key(cd, activated_name, NULL, 0, activate_flags);
@@ -568,11 +441,12 @@ static int action_open_bitlk(void)
        struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
        const char *activated_name;
        uint32_t activate_flags = 0;
-       int r, tries;
+       int r, tries, keysize;
        char *password = NULL;
+       char *key = NULL;
        size_t passwordLen;
 
-       activated_name = opt_test_passphrase ? NULL : action_argv[1];
+       activated_name = ARG_SET(OPT_TEST_PASSPHRASE_ID) ? NULL : action_argv[1];
 
        if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, action_argv[0])))
                goto out;
@@ -582,25 +456,42 @@ static int action_open_bitlk(void)
                log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid BITLK device."), action_argv[0]);
                goto out;
        }
-       _set_activation_flags(&activate_flags);
+       set_activation_flags(&activate_flags);
 
-       tries = (tools_is_stdin(opt_key_file) && isatty(STDIN_FILENO)) ? opt_tries : 1;
-       do {
-               r = tools_get_key(NULL, &password, &passwordLen,
-                               opt_keyfile_offset, opt_keyfile_size, opt_key_file,
-                               opt_timeout, _verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID)) {
+               keysize = crypt_get_volume_key_size(cd);
+               if (!keysize && !ARG_SET(OPT_KEY_SIZE_ID)) {
+                       log_err(_("Cannot determine volume key size for BITLK, please use --key-size option."));
+                       r = -EINVAL;
+                       goto out;
+               } else if (!keysize)
+                       keysize = ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEY_SIZE_ID) / 8;
+
+               r = tools_read_vk(ARG_STR(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID), &key, keysize);
                if (r < 0)
                        goto out;
+               r = crypt_activate_by_volume_key(cd, activated_name,
+                                                key, keysize, activate_flags);
+       } else {
+               tries = set_tries_tty();
+               do {
+                       r = tools_get_key(NULL, &password, &passwordLen,
+                                       ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID), ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID),
+                                       ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID), verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
+                       if (r < 0)
+                               goto out;
 
-               r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd, activated_name, CRYPT_ANY_SLOT,
-                                                password, passwordLen, activate_flags);
-               tools_passphrase_msg(r);
-               check_signal(&r);
-               crypt_safe_free(password);
-               password = NULL;
-       } while ((r == -EPERM || r == -ERANGE) && (--tries > 0));
+                       r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd, activated_name, CRYPT_ANY_SLOT,
+                                                       password, passwordLen, activate_flags);
+                       tools_passphrase_msg(r);
+                       check_signal(&r);
+                       crypt_safe_free(password);
+                       password = NULL;
+               } while ((r == -EPERM || r == -ERANGE) && (--tries > 0));
+       }
 out:
        crypt_safe_free(password);
+       crypt_safe_free(key);
        crypt_free(cd);
        return r;
 }
@@ -609,11 +500,9 @@ static int tcryptDump_with_volume_key(struct crypt_device *cd)
 {
        char *vk = NULL;
        size_t vk_size;
-       unsigned i;
        int r;
 
-       crypt_set_confirm_callback(cd, yesDialog, NULL);
-       if (!yesDialog(
+       if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID) && !yesDialog(
            _("Header dump with volume key is sensitive information\n"
              "which allows access to encrypted partition without passphrase.\n"
              "This dump should be always stored encrypted on safe place."),
@@ -635,12 +524,7 @@ static int tcryptDump_with_volume_key(struct crypt_device *cd)
        log_std("Payload offset:\t%d\n", (int)crypt_get_data_offset(cd));
        log_std("MK bits:       \t%d\n", (int)vk_size * 8);
        log_std("MK dump:\t");
-
-       for(i = 0; i < vk_size; i++) {
-               if (i && !(i % 16))
-                       log_std("\n\t\t");
-               log_std("%02hhx ", (char)vk[i]);
-       }
+       crypt_log_hex(NULL, vk, vk_size, " ", 16, "\n\t\t");
        log_std("\n");
 out:
        crypt_safe_free(vk);
@@ -651,14 +535,16 @@ static int action_tcryptDump(void)
 {
        struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
        struct crypt_params_tcrypt params = {
-               .keyfiles = CONST_CAST(const char **)opt_keyfiles,
-               .keyfiles_count = opt_keyfiles_count,
+               .keyfiles = CONST_CAST(const char **)keyfiles,
+               .keyfiles_count = keyfiles_count,
                .flags = CRYPT_TCRYPT_LEGACY_MODES |
-                        (opt_veracrypt ? CRYPT_TCRYPT_VERA_MODES : 0),
-               .veracrypt_pim = (opt_veracrypt_pim > 0) ? opt_veracrypt_pim : 0,
+                        (ARG_SET(OPT_DISABLE_VERACRYPT_ID) ? 0: CRYPT_TCRYPT_VERA_MODES),
+               .veracrypt_pim = ARG_UINT32(OPT_VERACRYPT_PIM_ID),
+               .hash_name = ARG_STR(OPT_HASH_ID),
+               .cipher = ARG_STR(OPT_CIPHER_ID),
        };
        int r;
-       r = crypt_init_data_device(&cd, opt_header_device ?: action_argv[0], action_argv[0]);
+       r = crypt_init_data_device(&cd, ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_ID) ?: action_argv[0], action_argv[0]);
        if (r < 0)
                goto out;
 
@@ -666,7 +552,7 @@ static int action_tcryptDump(void)
        if (r < 0)
                goto out;
 
-       if (opt_dump_master_key)
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_DUMP_VOLUME_KEY_ID))
                r = tcryptDump_with_volume_key(cd);
        else
                r = crypt_dump(cd);
@@ -676,6 +562,63 @@ out:
        return r;
 }
 
+static int bitlkDump_with_volume_key(struct crypt_device *cd)
+{
+       char *vk = NULL, *password = NULL;
+       size_t passwordLen = 0;
+       size_t vk_size;
+       int r;
+
+       if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID) && !yesDialog(
+           _("The header dump with volume key is sensitive information\n"
+             "that allows access to encrypted partition without a passphrase.\n"
+             "This dump should be stored encrypted in a safe place."),
+             NULL))
+               return -EPERM;
+
+       vk_size = crypt_get_volume_key_size(cd);
+       vk = crypt_safe_alloc(vk_size);
+       if (!vk)
+               return -ENOMEM;
+
+       r = tools_get_key(NULL, &password, &passwordLen,
+                         ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID), ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID),
+                         ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID), 0, 0, cd);
+       if (r < 0)
+               goto out;
+
+       r = crypt_volume_key_get(cd, CRYPT_ANY_SLOT, vk, &vk_size,
+                                password, passwordLen);
+       tools_passphrase_msg(r);
+       check_signal(&r);
+       if (r < 0)
+               goto out;
+       tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);
+
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID)) {
+               r = tools_write_mk(ARG_STR(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID), vk, vk_size);
+               if (r < 0)
+                       goto out;
+       }
+
+       log_std("BITLK header information for %s\n", crypt_get_device_name(cd));
+       log_std("Cipher name:   \t%s\n", crypt_get_cipher(cd));
+       log_std("Cipher mode:   \t%s\n", crypt_get_cipher_mode(cd));
+       log_std("UUID:          \t%s\n", crypt_get_uuid(cd));
+       log_std("MK bits:       \t%d\n", (int)vk_size * 8);
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID)) {
+               log_std("Key stored to file %s.\n", ARG_STR(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID));
+               goto out;
+       }
+       log_std("MK dump:\t");
+       crypt_log_hex(NULL, vk, vk_size, " ", 16, "\n\t\t");
+       log_std("\n");
+out:
+       crypt_safe_free(password);
+       crypt_safe_free(vk);
+       return r;
+}
+
 static int action_bitlkDump(void)
 {
        struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
@@ -685,15 +628,157 @@ static int action_bitlkDump(void)
                goto out;
 
        r = crypt_load(cd, CRYPT_BITLK, NULL);
+       if (r < 0) {
+               log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid BITLK device."), action_argv[0]);
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_DUMP_VOLUME_KEY_ID))
+               r = bitlkDump_with_volume_key(cd);
+       else
+               r = crypt_dump(cd);
+out:
+       crypt_free(cd);
+       return r;
+}
+
+static int fvault2Dump_with_volume_key(struct crypt_device *cd)
+{
+       char *vk = NULL;
+       char *password = NULL;
+       size_t vk_size = 0;
+       size_t pass_len = 0;
+       int r = 0;
+
+       if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID) && !yesDialog(
+           _("The header dump with volume key is sensitive information\n"
+             "that allows access to encrypted partition without a passphrase.\n"
+             "This dump should be stored encrypted in a safe place."),
+             NULL))
+               return -EPERM;
+
+       vk_size = crypt_get_volume_key_size(cd);
+       vk = crypt_safe_alloc(vk_size);
+       if (vk == NULL)
+               return -ENOMEM;
+
+       r = tools_get_key(NULL, &password, &pass_len,
+               ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID),
+               ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID), 0, 0, cd);
+       if (r < 0)
+               goto out;
+
+       r = crypt_volume_key_get(cd, CRYPT_ANY_SLOT, vk, &vk_size, password, pass_len);
+       tools_passphrase_msg(r);
+       check_signal(&r);
        if (r < 0)
                goto out;
 
+       tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);
+
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID)) {
+               r = tools_write_mk(ARG_STR(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID), vk, vk_size);
+               if (r < 0)
+                       goto out;
+       }
+
        r = crypt_dump(cd);
+       if (r < 0)
+               goto out;
+
+       log_std("Volume key:       \t");
+       crypt_log_hex(cd, vk, vk_size, " ", 0, NULL);
+       log_std("\n");
+out:
+       crypt_safe_free(password);
+       crypt_safe_free(vk);
+       return r;
+}
+
+static int action_fvault2Dump(void)
+{
+       struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
+       int r = 0;
+
+       r = crypt_init(&cd, action_argv[0]);
+       if (r < 0)
+               goto out;
+
+       r = crypt_load(cd, CRYPT_FVAULT2, NULL);
+       if (r < 0) {
+               log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid FVAULT2 device."), action_argv[0]);
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_DUMP_VOLUME_KEY_ID))
+               r = fvault2Dump_with_volume_key(cd);
+       else
+               r = crypt_dump(cd);
 out:
        crypt_free(cd);
        return r;
 }
 
+static int action_open_fvault2(void)
+{
+       struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
+       const char *activated_name;
+       uint32_t activate_flags = 0;
+       int r, tries, keysize;
+       char *password = NULL;
+       char *key = NULL;
+       size_t passwordLen;
+
+       activated_name = ARG_SET(OPT_TEST_PASSPHRASE_ID) ? NULL : action_argv[1];
+
+       if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, action_argv[0])))
+               goto out;
+
+       r = crypt_load(cd, CRYPT_FVAULT2, NULL);
+       if (r < 0) {
+               log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid FVAULT2 device."), action_argv[0]);
+               goto out;
+       }
+       set_activation_flags(&activate_flags);
+
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID)) {
+               keysize = crypt_get_volume_key_size(cd);
+               if (!keysize && !ARG_SET(OPT_KEY_SIZE_ID)) {
+                       log_err(_("Cannot determine volume key size for FVAULT2, please use --key-size option."));
+                       r = -EINVAL;
+                       goto out;
+               } else if (!keysize)
+                       keysize = ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEY_SIZE_ID) / 8;
+
+               r = tools_read_vk(ARG_STR(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID), &key, keysize);
+               if (r < 0)
+                       goto out;
+               r = crypt_activate_by_volume_key(cd, activated_name, key, keysize, activate_flags);
+       } else {
+               tries = set_tries_tty();
+               do {
+                       r = tools_get_key(NULL, &password, &passwordLen,
+                               ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID),
+                               ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID),
+                               verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
+                       if (r < 0)
+                               goto out;
+
+                       r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd, activated_name, CRYPT_ANY_SLOT,
+                               password, passwordLen, activate_flags);
+                       tools_passphrase_msg(r);
+                       check_signal(&r);
+                       crypt_safe_free(password);
+                       password = NULL;
+               } while ((r == -EPERM || r == -ERANGE) && (--tries > 0));
+       }
+out:
+       crypt_safe_free(password);
+       crypt_safe_free(key);
+       crypt_free(cd);
+       return r;
+}
+
 static int action_close(void)
 {
        struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
@@ -701,14 +786,16 @@ static int action_close(void)
        uint32_t flags = 0;
        int r;
 
-       if (opt_deferred_remove)
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_DEFERRED_ID))
                flags |= CRYPT_DEACTIVATE_DEFERRED;
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_CANCEL_DEFERRED_ID))
+               flags |= CRYPT_DEACTIVATE_DEFERRED_CANCEL;
 
-       r = crypt_init_by_name(&cd, action_argv[0]);
+       r = crypt_init_by_name_and_header(&cd, action_argv[0], ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_ID));
        if (r == 0)
                r = crypt_deactivate_by_name(cd, action_argv[0], flags);
 
-       if (!r && opt_deferred_remove) {
+       if (!r && ARG_SET(OPT_DEFERRED_ID)) {
                ci = crypt_status(cd, action_argv[0]);
                if (ci == CRYPT_ACTIVE || ci == CRYPT_BUSY)
                        log_std(_("Device %s is still active and scheduled for deferred removal.\n"),
@@ -724,10 +811,11 @@ static int action_resize(void)
        int r;
        size_t passwordLen;
        struct crypt_active_device cad;
+       uint64_t dev_size = 0;
        char *password = NULL;
        struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
 
-       r = crypt_init_by_name_and_header(&cd, action_argv[0], opt_header_device);
+       r = crypt_init_by_name_and_header(&cd, action_argv[0], ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_ID));
        if (r)
                goto out;
 
@@ -736,8 +824,13 @@ static int action_resize(void)
        if (r)
                goto out;
 
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_DEVICE_SIZE_ID))
+               dev_size = ARG_UINT64(OPT_DEVICE_SIZE_ID) / SECTOR_SIZE;
+       else if (ARG_SET(OPT_SIZE_ID))
+               dev_size = ARG_UINT64(OPT_SIZE_ID);
+
        if (cad.flags & CRYPT_ACTIVATE_KEYRING_KEY) {
-               if (opt_disable_keyring) {
+               if (ARG_SET(OPT_DISABLE_KEYRING_ID)) {
                        r = -EINVAL;
                        log_err(_("Resize of active device requires volume key "
                                  "in keyring but --disable-keyring option is set."));
@@ -745,34 +838,38 @@ static int action_resize(void)
                }
 
                /* try load VK in kernel keyring using token */
-               r = crypt_activate_by_token(cd, NULL, opt_token, NULL,
-                                           CRYPT_ACTIVATE_KEYRING_KEY);
+               r = crypt_activate_by_token_pin(cd, NULL, ARG_STR(OPT_TOKEN_TYPE_ID),
+                                               ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), NULL, 0, NULL,
+                                               CRYPT_ACTIVATE_KEYRING_KEY);
                tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);
-               if (r >= 0)
-                       goto resize;
-               else if (opt_token_only)
+               tools_token_error_msg(r, ARG_STR(OPT_TOKEN_TYPE_ID), ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), false);
+
+               /* Token requires PIN. Ask if there is evident preference for tokens */
+               if (r == -ENOANO && (ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_ONLY_ID) || ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_TYPE_ID) ||
+                                    ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID)))
+                       r = _try_token_pin_unlock(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), NULL, ARG_STR(OPT_TOKEN_TYPE_ID), CRYPT_ACTIVATE_KEYRING_KEY, 1, true);
+
+               if (r >= 0 || quit || ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_ONLY_ID))
                        goto out;
 
                r = tools_get_key(NULL, &password, &passwordLen,
-                                 opt_keyfile_offset, opt_keyfile_size, opt_key_file,
-                                 opt_timeout, _verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
+                                 ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID), ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID),
+                                 ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID), verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
                if (r < 0)
                        goto out;
 
-               r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd, NULL, opt_key_slot,
+               r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd, NULL, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID),
                                                 password, passwordLen,
                                                 CRYPT_ACTIVATE_KEYRING_KEY);
                tools_passphrase_msg(r);
                tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);
-               crypt_safe_free(password);
        }
-resize:
-       if (opt_device_size)
-               opt_size = opt_device_size / SECTOR_SIZE;
 
-       if (r >= 0)
-               r = crypt_resize(cd, action_argv[0], opt_size);
 out:
+       if (r >= 0)
+               r = crypt_resize(cd, action_argv[0], dev_size);
+
+       crypt_safe_free(password);
        crypt_free(cd);
        return r;
 }
@@ -813,7 +910,7 @@ static int action_status(void)
                        log_std("%s/%s is active%s.\n", crypt_get_dir(), action_argv[0],
                                ci == CRYPT_BUSY ? " and is in use" : "");
 
-               r = crypt_init_by_name_and_header(&cd, action_argv[0], opt_header_device);
+               r = crypt_init_by_name_and_header(&cd, action_argv[0], ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_ID));
                if (r < 0)
                        goto out;
 
@@ -900,7 +997,7 @@ static int action_benchmark_kdf(const char *kdf, const char *hash, size_t key_si
                        .time_ms = 1000,
                };
 
-               r = crypt_benchmark_pbkdf(NULL, &pbkdf, "foo", 3, "bar", 3, key_size,
+               r = crypt_benchmark_pbkdf(NULL, &pbkdf, "foobarfo", 8, "0123456789abcdef", 16, key_size,
                                        &benchmark_callback, &pbkdf);
                if (r < 0)
                        log_std(_("PBKDF2-%-9s     N/A\n"), hash);
@@ -910,12 +1007,12 @@ static int action_benchmark_kdf(const char *kdf, const char *hash, size_t key_si
        } else {
                struct crypt_pbkdf_type pbkdf = {
                        .type = kdf,
-                       .time_ms = opt_iteration_time ?: DEFAULT_LUKS2_ITER_TIME,
-                       .max_memory_kb = opt_pbkdf_memory,
-                       .parallel_threads = opt_pbkdf_parallel,
+                       .time_ms = ARG_UINT32(OPT_ITER_TIME_ID) ?: DEFAULT_LUKS2_ITER_TIME,
+                       .max_memory_kb = ARG_UINT32(OPT_PBKDF_MEMORY_ID),
+                       .parallel_threads = ARG_UINT32(OPT_PBKDF_PARALLEL_ID)
                };
 
-               r = crypt_benchmark_pbkdf(NULL, &pbkdf, "foo", 3,
+               r = crypt_benchmark_pbkdf(NULL, &pbkdf, "foobarfo", 8,
                        "0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef", 32,
                        key_size, &benchmark_callback, &pbkdf);
                if (r < 0)
@@ -990,18 +1087,18 @@ static int action_benchmark(void)
        };
        char cipher[MAX_CIPHER_LEN], cipher_mode[MAX_CIPHER_LEN];
        double enc_mbr = 0, dec_mbr = 0;
-       int key_size = (opt_key_size ?: DEFAULT_PLAIN_KEYBITS) / 8;
+       int key_size = (ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEY_SIZE_ID) ?: DEFAULT_PLAIN_KEYBITS) / 8;
        int skipped = 0, width;
        char *c;
        int i, r;
 
        log_std(_("# Tests are approximate using memory only (no storage IO).\n"));
-       if (set_pbkdf || opt_hash) {
-               if (!set_pbkdf && opt_hash)
+       if (set_pbkdf || ARG_SET(OPT_HASH_ID)) {
+               if (!set_pbkdf && ARG_SET(OPT_HASH_ID))
                        set_pbkdf = CRYPT_KDF_PBKDF2;
-               r = action_benchmark_kdf(set_pbkdf, opt_hash, key_size);
-       } else if (opt_cipher) {
-               r = crypt_parse_name_and_mode(opt_cipher, cipher, NULL, cipher_mode);
+               r = action_benchmark_kdf(set_pbkdf, ARG_STR(OPT_HASH_ID), key_size);
+       } else if (ARG_SET(OPT_CIPHER_ID)) {
+               r = crypt_parse_name_and_mode(ARG_STR(OPT_CIPHER_ID), cipher, NULL, cipher_mode);
                if (r < 0) {
                        log_err(_("No known cipher specification pattern detected."));
                        return r;
@@ -1019,7 +1116,7 @@ static int action_benchmark(void)
                        log_std("%*s-%s  %9db  %10.1f MiB/s  %10.1f MiB/s\n", width - (int)strlen(cipher_mode) - 1,
                                cipher, cipher_mode, key_size*8, enc_mbr, dec_mbr);
                } else if (r < 0)
-                       log_err(_("Cipher %s (with %i bits key) is not available."), opt_cipher, key_size * 8);
+                       log_err(_("Cipher %s (with %i bits key) is not available."), ARG_STR(OPT_CIPHER_ID), key_size * 8);
        } else {
                for (i = 0; bkdfs[i].type; i++) {
                        r = action_benchmark_kdf(bkdfs[i].type, bkdfs[i].hash, key_size);
@@ -1064,93 +1161,36 @@ static int action_benchmark(void)
        return r;
 }
 
-static int set_pbkdf_params(struct crypt_device *cd, const char *dev_type)
+static int reencrypt_metadata_repair(struct crypt_device *cd)
 {
-       const struct crypt_pbkdf_type *pbkdf_default;
-       struct crypt_pbkdf_type pbkdf = {};
+       char *password;
+       size_t passwordLen;
+       int r;
+       struct crypt_params_reencrypt params = {
+               .flags = CRYPT_REENCRYPT_REPAIR_NEEDED
+       };
 
-       pbkdf_default = crypt_get_pbkdf_default(dev_type);
-       if (!pbkdf_default)
+       if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID) &&
+           !yesDialog(_("Unprotected LUKS2 reencryption metadata detected. "
+                        "Please verify the reencryption operation is desirable (see luksDump output)\n"
+                        "and continue (upgrade metadata) only if you acknowledge the operation as genuine."),
+                      _("Operation aborted.\n")))
                return -EINVAL;
 
-       pbkdf.type = set_pbkdf ?: pbkdf_default->type;
-       pbkdf.hash = opt_hash ?: pbkdf_default->hash;
-       pbkdf.time_ms = (uint32_t)opt_iteration_time ?: pbkdf_default->time_ms;
-       if (strcmp(pbkdf.type, CRYPT_KDF_PBKDF2)) {
-               pbkdf.max_memory_kb = (uint32_t)opt_pbkdf_memory ?: pbkdf_default->max_memory_kb;
-               pbkdf.parallel_threads = (uint32_t)opt_pbkdf_parallel ?: pbkdf_default->parallel_threads;
-       }
-
-       if (opt_pbkdf_iterations) {
-               pbkdf.iterations = opt_pbkdf_iterations;
-               pbkdf.time_ms = 0;
-               pbkdf.flags |= CRYPT_PBKDF_NO_BENCHMARK;
-       }
-
-       return crypt_set_pbkdf_type(cd, &pbkdf);
-}
-
-static int set_keyslot_params(struct crypt_device *cd, int keyslot)
-{
-       const char *cipher;
-       struct crypt_pbkdf_type pbkdf;
-       size_t key_size;
-
-       cipher = crypt_keyslot_get_encryption(cd, keyslot, &key_size);
-       if (!cipher)
-               return -EINVAL;
-
-       if (crypt_is_cipher_null(cipher)) {
-               log_dbg("Keyslot %d uses cipher_null. Replacing with default encryption in new keyslot.", keyslot);
-               cipher = DEFAULT_LUKS2_KEYSLOT_CIPHER;
-               key_size = DEFAULT_LUKS2_KEYSLOT_KEYBITS / 8;
-       }
-
-       if (crypt_keyslot_set_encryption(cd, cipher, key_size))
-               return -EINVAL;
-
-       /* if requested any of those just reinitialize context pbkdf */
-       if (set_pbkdf || opt_hash || opt_pbkdf_iterations || opt_iteration_time)
-               return set_pbkdf_params(cd, CRYPT_LUKS2);
-
-       if (crypt_keyslot_get_pbkdf(cd, keyslot, &pbkdf))
-               return -EINVAL;
-
-       pbkdf.flags |= CRYPT_PBKDF_NO_BENCHMARK;
-
-       return crypt_set_pbkdf_type(cd, &pbkdf);
-}
-
-static int reencrypt_metadata_repair(struct crypt_device *cd)
-{
-       char *password;
-       size_t passwordLen;
-       int r;
-       struct crypt_params_reencrypt params = {
-               .flags = CRYPT_REENCRYPT_REPAIR_NEEDED
-       };
-
-       if (!opt_batch_mode &&
-           !yesDialog(_("Unprotected LUKS2 reencryption metadata detected. "
-                        "Please verify the reencryption operation is desirable (see luksDump output)\n"
-                        "and continue (upgrade metadata) only if you acknowledge the operation as genuine."),
-                      _("Operation aborted.\n")))
-               return -EINVAL;
-
-       r = tools_get_key(_("Enter passphrase to protect and uppgrade reencryption metadata: "),
-                         &password, &passwordLen, opt_keyfile_offset,
-                         opt_keyfile_size, opt_key_file, opt_timeout,
-                         _verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
-       if (r < 0)
-               return r;
+       r = tools_get_key(_("Enter passphrase to protect and upgrade reencryption metadata: "),
+                         &password, &passwordLen, ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID),
+                         ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID), ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID),
+                         verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
+       if (r < 0)
+               return r;
 
        r = crypt_reencrypt_init_by_passphrase(cd, NULL, password, passwordLen,
-                       opt_key_slot, opt_key_slot, NULL, NULL, &params);
+                       ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID), ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID), NULL, NULL, &params);
        tools_passphrase_msg(r);
        if (r < 0)
                goto out;
 
-       r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd, NULL, opt_key_slot,
+       r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd, NULL, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID),
                                         password, passwordLen, 0);
        tools_passphrase_msg(r);
        if (r >= 0)
@@ -1180,9 +1220,9 @@ static int luks2_reencrypt_repair(struct crypt_device *cd)
        case CRYPT_REENCRYPT_CLEAN:
                break;
        case CRYPT_REENCRYPT_CRASH:
-               r = yesDialog(_("Really proceed with LUKS2 reencryption recovery?"),
-                             _("Operation aborted.\n"));
-               if (!r)
+               if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID) &&
+                   !yesDialog(_("Really proceed with LUKS2 reencryption recovery?"),
+                              _("Operation aborted.\n")))
                        return -EINVAL;
                break;
        default:
@@ -1194,13 +1234,13 @@ static int luks2_reencrypt_repair(struct crypt_device *cd)
        else
                msg = _("Enter passphrase for reencryption recovery: ");
 
-       r = tools_get_key(msg, &password, &passwordLen, opt_keyfile_offset,
-                         opt_keyfile_size, opt_key_file, opt_timeout,
-                         _verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
+       r = tools_get_key(msg, &password, &passwordLen, ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID),
+                         ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID), ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID),
+                         verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;
 
-       r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd, NULL, opt_key_slot,
+       r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd, NULL, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID),
                                         password, passwordLen, 0);
        if (r < 0)
                goto out;
@@ -1211,7 +1251,7 @@ static int luks2_reencrypt_repair(struct crypt_device *cd)
        }
 
        r = crypt_reencrypt_init_by_passphrase(cd, NULL, password, passwordLen,
-                       opt_key_slot, opt_key_slot, NULL, NULL,
+                       ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID), ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID), NULL, NULL,
                        &(struct crypt_params_reencrypt){ .flags = CRYPT_REENCRYPT_RECOVERY });
        if (r > 0)
                r = 0;
@@ -1226,31 +1266,37 @@ static int action_luksRepair(void)
        struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
        int r;
 
-       if ((r = crypt_init_data_device(&cd, opt_header_device ?: action_argv[0],
+       if ((r = crypt_init_data_device(&cd, ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_ID) ?: action_argv[0],
                                        action_argv[0])))
                goto out;
 
-       crypt_set_log_callback(cd, quiet_log, NULL);
+       crypt_set_log_callback(cd, quiet_log, &log_parms);
        r = crypt_load(cd, luksType(device_type), NULL);
-       crypt_set_log_callback(cd, tool_log, NULL);
-       if (r == 0) {
+       crypt_set_log_callback(cd, tool_log, &log_parms);
+       if (r == 0 && isLUKS2(crypt_get_type(cd))) {
+               /*
+                * LUKS2 triggers autorepair in crypt_load() above
+                * LUKS1 need to call crypt_repair() even if crypt_load() is ok
+                */
                log_verbose(_("No known problems detected for LUKS header."));
-               goto skip_repair;
+               goto out;
        }
 
-       r = tools_detect_signatures(action_argv[0], 1, NULL);
+       r = tools_detect_signatures(action_argv[0], PRB_FILTER_LUKS, NULL, ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID));
        if (r < 0)
                goto out;
 
-       r = yesDialog(_("Really try to repair LUKS device header?"),
-                      _("Operation aborted.\n")) ? 0 : -EINVAL;
-       if (r == 0)
+       if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID) &&
+           !yesDialog(_("Really try to repair LUKS device header?"),
+                      _("Operation aborted.\n")))
+               r = -EINVAL;
+       else
                r = crypt_repair(cd, luksType(device_type), NULL);
-skip_repair:
+out:
        /* Header is ok, check if reencryption metadata needs repair/recovery. */
-       if (!r && crypt_get_type(cd) && !strcmp(crypt_get_type(cd), CRYPT_LUKS2))
+       if (!r && isLUKS2(crypt_get_type(cd)))
                r = luks2_reencrypt_repair(cd);
-out:
+
        crypt_free(cd);
        return r;
 }
@@ -1259,9 +1305,17 @@ static int _wipe_data_device(struct crypt_device *cd)
 {
        char tmp_name[64], tmp_path[128], tmp_uuid[40];
        uuid_t tmp_uuid_bin;
-       int r;
+       int r = -EINVAL;
+       char *backing_file = NULL;
+       struct tools_progress_params prog_parms = {
+               .frequency = ARG_UINT32(OPT_PROGRESS_FREQUENCY_ID),
+               .batch_mode = ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID),
+               .json_output = ARG_SET(OPT_PROGRESS_JSON_ID),
+               .interrupt_message = _("\nWipe interrupted."),
+               .device = tools_get_device_name(crypt_get_device_name(cd), &backing_file)
+       };
 
-       if (!opt_batch_mode)
+       if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID))
                log_std(_("Wiping device to initialize integrity checksum.\n"
                        "You can interrupt this by pressing CTRL+c "
                        "(rest of not wiped device will contain invalid checksum).\n"));
@@ -1270,23 +1324,25 @@ static int _wipe_data_device(struct crypt_device *cd)
        uuid_generate(tmp_uuid_bin);
        uuid_unparse(tmp_uuid_bin, tmp_uuid);
        if (snprintf(tmp_name, sizeof(tmp_name), "temporary-cryptsetup-%s", tmp_uuid) < 0)
-               return -EINVAL;
+               goto out;
        if (snprintf(tmp_path, sizeof(tmp_path), "%s/%s", crypt_get_dir(), tmp_name) < 0)
-               return -EINVAL;
+               goto out;
 
        r = crypt_activate_by_volume_key(cd, tmp_name, NULL, 0,
                CRYPT_ACTIVATE_PRIVATE | CRYPT_ACTIVATE_NO_JOURNAL);
        if (r < 0)
-               return r;
+               goto out;
 
        /* Wipe the device */
        set_int_handler(0);
        r = crypt_wipe(cd, tmp_path, CRYPT_WIPE_ZERO, 0, 0, DEFAULT_WIPE_BLOCK,
-                      0, &tools_wipe_progress, NULL);
+                      0, &tools_progress, &prog_parms);
        if (crypt_deactivate(cd, tmp_name))
                log_err(_("Cannot deactivate temporary device %s."), tmp_path);
        set_int_block(0);
 
+out:
+       free(backing_file);
        return r;
 }
 
@@ -1295,22 +1351,7 @@ static int strcmp_or_null(const char *str, const char *expected)
        return !str ? 0 : strcmp(str, expected);
 }
 
-static int get_adjusted_key_size(const char *cipher_mode, uint32_t default_size_bits, int integrity_keysize)
-{
-       uint32_t keysize_bits = opt_key_size;
-
-#ifdef ENABLE_LUKS_ADJUST_XTS_KEYSIZE
-       if (!opt_key_size && !strncmp(cipher_mode, "xts-", 4)) {
-               if (default_size_bits == 128)
-                       keysize_bits = 256;
-               else if (default_size_bits == 256)
-                       keysize_bits = 512;
-       }
-#endif
-       return (keysize_bits ?: default_size_bits) / 8 + integrity_keysize;
-}
-
-static int _luksFormat(struct crypt_device **r_cd, char **r_password, size_t *r_passwordLen)
+int luksFormat(struct crypt_device **r_cd, char **r_password, size_t *r_passwordLen)
 {
        int r = -EINVAL, keysize, integrity_keysize = 0, fd, created = 0;
        struct stat st;
@@ -1320,16 +1361,16 @@ static int _luksFormat(struct crypt_device **r_cd, char **r_password, size_t *r_
        size_t passwordLen, signatures;
        struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
        struct crypt_params_luks1 params1 = {
-               .hash = opt_hash ?: DEFAULT_LUKS1_HASH,
-               .data_alignment = opt_align_payload,
-               .data_device = opt_header_device ? action_argv[0] : NULL,
+               .hash = ARG_STR(OPT_HASH_ID) ?: DEFAULT_LUKS1_HASH,
+               .data_alignment = ARG_UINT32(OPT_ALIGN_PAYLOAD_ID),
+               .data_device = ARG_SET(OPT_HEADER_ID) ? action_argv[0] : NULL,
        };
        struct crypt_params_luks2 params2 = {
                .data_alignment = params1.data_alignment,
                .data_device = params1.data_device,
-               .sector_size = opt_sector_size ?: SECTOR_SIZE,
-               .label = opt_label,
-               .subsystem = opt_subsystem
+               .sector_size = ARG_UINT32(OPT_SECTOR_SIZE_ID),
+               .label = ARG_STR(OPT_LABEL_ID),
+               .subsystem = ARG_STR(OPT_SUBSYSTEM_ID)
        };
        void *params;
 
@@ -1337,22 +1378,22 @@ static int _luksFormat(struct crypt_device **r_cd, char **r_password, size_t *r_
        if (!type)
                type = crypt_get_default_type();
 
-       if (!strcmp(type, CRYPT_LUKS2)) {
+       if (isLUKS2(type)) {
                params = &params2;
-       } else if (!strcmp(type, CRYPT_LUKS1)) {
+       } else if (isLUKS1(type)) {
                params = &params1;
 
-               if (opt_sector_size > SECTOR_SIZE) {
+               if (ARG_UINT32(OPT_SECTOR_SIZE_ID) > SECTOR_SIZE) {
                        log_err(_("Unsupported encryption sector size."));
                        return -EINVAL;
                }
 
-               if (opt_integrity) {
+               if (ARG_SET(OPT_INTEGRITY_ID)) {
                        log_err(_("Integrity option can be used only for LUKS2 format."));
                        return -EINVAL;
                }
 
-               if (opt_luks2_keyslots_size || opt_luks2_metadata_size) {
+               if (ARG_SET(OPT_LUKS2_KEYSLOTS_SIZE_ID) || ARG_SET(OPT_LUKS2_METADATA_SIZE_ID)) {
                        log_err(_("Unsupported LUKS2 metadata size options."));
                        return -EINVAL;
                }
@@ -1360,17 +1401,17 @@ static int _luksFormat(struct crypt_device **r_cd, char **r_password, size_t *r_
                return -EINVAL;
 
        /* Create header file (must contain at least one sector)? */
-       if (opt_header_device && stat(opt_header_device, &st) < 0 && errno == ENOENT) {
-               if (!opt_batch_mode &&
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_HEADER_ID) && stat(ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_ID), &st) < 0 && errno == ENOENT) {
+               if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID) &&
                    !yesDialog(_("Header file does not exist, do you want to create it?"),
                               _("Operation aborted.\n")))
                    return -EPERM;
 
                log_dbg("Creating header file.");
                /* coverity[toctou] */
-               fd = open(opt_header_device, O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_WRONLY, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
+               fd = open(ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_ID), O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_WRONLY, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
                if (fd == -1 || posix_fallocate(fd, 0, 4096))
-                       log_err(_("Cannot create header file %s."), opt_header_device);
+                       log_err(_("Cannot create header file %s."), ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_ID));
                else {
                        r = 0;
                        created = 1;
@@ -1381,17 +1422,17 @@ static int _luksFormat(struct crypt_device **r_cd, char **r_password, size_t *r_
                        return r;
        }
 
-       header_device = opt_header_device ?: action_argv[0];
+       header_device = ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_ID) ?: action_argv[0];
 
-       r = crypt_parse_name_and_mode(opt_cipher ?: DEFAULT_CIPHER(LUKS1),
+       r = crypt_parse_name_and_mode(ARG_STR(OPT_CIPHER_ID) ?: DEFAULT_CIPHER(LUKS1),
                                      cipher, NULL, cipher_mode);
        if (r < 0) {
                log_err(_("No known cipher specification pattern detected."));
                goto out;
        }
 
-       if (opt_integrity) {
-               r = crypt_parse_integrity_mode(opt_integrity, integrity, &integrity_keysize);
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_INTEGRITY_ID)) {
+               r = crypt_parse_integrity_mode(ARG_STR(OPT_INTEGRITY_ID), integrity, &integrity_keysize);
                if (r < 0) {
                        log_err(_("No known integrity specification pattern detected."));
                        goto out;
@@ -1402,34 +1443,34 @@ static int _luksFormat(struct crypt_device **r_cd, char **r_password, size_t *r_
 
        /* Never call pwquality if using null cipher */
        if (crypt_is_cipher_null(cipher))
-               opt_force_password = 1;
+               ARG_SET_TRUE(OPT_FORCE_PASSWORD_ID);
 
        if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, header_device))) {
-               if (opt_header_device)
+               if (ARG_SET(OPT_HEADER_ID))
                        log_err(_("Cannot use %s as on-disk header."), header_device);
                return r;
        }
 
-       if (opt_luks2_keyslots_size || opt_luks2_metadata_size) {
-               r = crypt_set_metadata_size(cd, opt_luks2_metadata_size, opt_luks2_keyslots_size);
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_LUKS2_KEYSLOTS_SIZE_ID) || ARG_SET(OPT_LUKS2_METADATA_SIZE_ID)) {
+               r = crypt_set_metadata_size(cd, ARG_UINT64(OPT_LUKS2_METADATA_SIZE_ID), ARG_UINT64(OPT_LUKS2_KEYSLOTS_SIZE_ID));
                if (r < 0) {
                        log_err(_("Unsupported LUKS2 metadata size options."));
                        goto out;
                }
        }
 
-       if (opt_offset) {
-               r = crypt_set_data_offset(cd, opt_offset);
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_OFFSET_ID)) {
+               r = crypt_set_data_offset(cd, ARG_UINT64(OPT_OFFSET_ID));
                if (r < 0)
                        goto out;
        }
 
        /* Print all present signatures in read-only mode */
-       r = tools_detect_signatures(header_device, 0, &signatures);
+       r = tools_detect_signatures(header_device, PRB_FILTER_NONE, &signatures, ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID));
        if (r < 0)
                goto out;
 
-       if (!created) {
+       if (!created && !ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID)) {
                r = asprintf(&msg, _("This will overwrite data on %s irrevocably."), header_device);
                if (r == -1) {
                        r = -ENOMEM;
@@ -1444,19 +1485,19 @@ static int _luksFormat(struct crypt_device **r_cd, char **r_password, size_t *r_
 
        keysize = get_adjusted_key_size(cipher_mode, DEFAULT_LUKS1_KEYBITS, integrity_keysize);
 
-       if (opt_random)
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_USE_RANDOM_ID))
                crypt_set_rng_type(cd, CRYPT_RNG_RANDOM);
-       else if (opt_urandom)
+       else if (ARG_SET(OPT_USE_URANDOM_ID))
                crypt_set_rng_type(cd, CRYPT_RNG_URANDOM);
 
        r = tools_get_key(NULL, &password, &passwordLen,
-                         opt_keyfile_offset, opt_keyfile_size, opt_key_file,
-                         opt_timeout, _verify_passphrase(1), 1, cd);
+                         ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID), ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID),
+                         ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID), verify_passphrase(1), !ARG_SET(OPT_FORCE_PASSWORD_ID), cd);
        if (r < 0)
                goto out;
 
-       if (opt_master_key_file) {
-               r = tools_read_mk(opt_master_key_file, &key, keysize);
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID)) {
+               r = tools_read_vk(ARG_STR(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID), &key, keysize);
                if (r < 0)
                        goto out;
        }
@@ -1468,14 +1509,14 @@ static int _luksFormat(struct crypt_device **r_cd, char **r_password, size_t *r_
        }
 
        /* Signature candidates found */
-       if (signatures && ((r = tools_wipe_all_signatures(header_device)) < 0))
+       if (signatures && ((r = tools_wipe_all_signatures(header_device, true, false)) < 0))
                goto out;
 
-       if (opt_integrity_legacy_padding)
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_INTEGRITY_LEGACY_PADDING_ID))
                crypt_set_compatibility(cd, CRYPT_COMPAT_LEGACY_INTEGRITY_PADDING);
 
        r = crypt_format(cd, type, cipher, cipher_mode,
-                        opt_uuid, key, keysize, params);
+                        ARG_STR(OPT_UUID_ID), key, keysize, params);
        check_signal(&r);
        if (r < 0)
                goto out;
@@ -1484,16 +1525,16 @@ static int _luksFormat(struct crypt_device **r_cd, char **r_password, size_t *r_
        if (r < 0)
                goto out;
 
-       r = crypt_keyslot_add_by_volume_key(cd, opt_key_slot,
+       r = crypt_keyslot_add_by_volume_key(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID),
                                            key, keysize,
                                            password, passwordLen);
        if (r < 0) {
-               (void) tools_wipe_all_signatures(header_device);
+               (void) tools_wipe_all_signatures(header_device, true, false);
                goto out;
        }
        tools_keyslot_msg(r, CREATED);
 
-       if (opt_integrity && !opt_integrity_no_wipe &&
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_INTEGRITY_ID) && !ARG_SET(OPT_INTEGRITY_NO_WIPE_ID) &&
            strcmp_or_null(params2.integrity, "none"))
                r = _wipe_data_device(cd);
 out:
@@ -1513,7 +1554,7 @@ out:
 
 static int action_luksFormat(void)
 {
-       return _luksFormat(NULL, NULL, NULL);
+       return luksFormat(NULL, NULL, NULL);
 }
 
 static int action_open_luks(void)
@@ -1526,17 +1567,18 @@ static int action_open_luks(void)
        int r, keysize, tries;
        char *password = NULL;
        size_t passwordLen;
+       struct stat st;
 
-       if (opt_refresh) {
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_REFRESH_ID)) {
                activated_name = action_argc > 1 ? action_argv[1] : action_argv[0];
-               r = crypt_init_by_name_and_header(&cd, activated_name, opt_header_device);
+               r = crypt_init_by_name_and_header(&cd, activated_name, ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_ID));
                if (r)
                        goto out;
                activate_flags |= CRYPT_ACTIVATE_REFRESH;
        } else {
                header_device = uuid_or_device_header(&data_device);
 
-               activated_name = opt_test_passphrase ? NULL : action_argv[1];
+               activated_name = ARG_SET(OPT_TEST_PASSPHRASE_ID) ? NULL : action_argv[1];
 
                if ((r = crypt_init_data_device(&cd, header_device, data_device)))
                        goto out;
@@ -1547,45 +1589,61 @@ static int action_open_luks(void)
                        goto out;
                }
 
-               if (!data_device && (crypt_get_data_offset(cd) < 8) && !opt_test_passphrase) {
+               if (!data_device && (crypt_get_data_offset(cd) < 8) && !ARG_SET(OPT_TEST_PASSPHRASE_ID)) {
                        log_err(_("Reduced data offset is allowed only for detached LUKS header."));
                        r = -EINVAL;
                        goto out;
                }
+
+               if (activated_name && !stat(crypt_get_device_name(cd), &st) && S_ISREG(st.st_mode) &&
+                   crypt_get_data_offset(cd) >= ((uint64_t)st.st_size / SECTOR_SIZE)) {
+                       log_err(_("LUKS file container %s is too small for activation, there is no remaining space for data."),
+                                 crypt_get_device_name(cd));
+                       r = -EINVAL;
+                       goto out;
+               }
        }
 
-       _set_activation_flags(&activate_flags);
+       set_activation_flags(&activate_flags);
 
-       if (opt_master_key_file) {
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID)) {
                keysize = crypt_get_volume_key_size(cd);
-               if (!keysize && !opt_key_size) {
+               if (!keysize && !ARG_SET(OPT_KEY_SIZE_ID)) {
                        log_err(_("Cannot determine volume key size for LUKS without keyslots, please use --key-size option."));
                        r = -EINVAL;
                        goto out;
                } else if (!keysize)
-                       keysize = opt_key_size / 8;
+                       keysize = ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEY_SIZE_ID) / 8;
 
-               r = tools_read_mk(opt_master_key_file, &key, keysize);
+               r = tools_read_vk(ARG_STR(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID), &key, keysize);
                if (r < 0)
                        goto out;
                r = crypt_activate_by_volume_key(cd, activated_name,
                                                 key, keysize, activate_flags);
        } else {
-               r = crypt_activate_by_token(cd, activated_name, opt_token, NULL, activate_flags);
+               r = crypt_activate_by_token_pin(cd, activated_name, ARG_STR(OPT_TOKEN_TYPE_ID),
+                                               ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), NULL, 0, NULL, activate_flags);
                tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);
-               if (r >= 0 || opt_token_only)
+               tools_token_error_msg(r, ARG_STR(OPT_TOKEN_TYPE_ID), ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), false);
+
+               /* Token requires PIN. Ask if there is evident preference for tokens */
+               if (r == -ENOANO && (ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_ONLY_ID) || ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_TYPE_ID) ||
+                                    ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID)))
+                       r = _try_token_pin_unlock(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), activated_name, ARG_STR(OPT_TOKEN_TYPE_ID), activate_flags, set_tries_tty(), true);
+
+               if (r >= 0 || r == -EEXIST || quit || ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_ONLY_ID))
                        goto out;
 
-               tries = (tools_is_stdin(opt_key_file) && isatty(STDIN_FILENO)) ? opt_tries : 1;
+               tries = set_tries_tty();
                do {
                        r = tools_get_key(NULL, &password, &passwordLen,
-                                       opt_keyfile_offset, opt_keyfile_size, opt_key_file,
-                                       opt_timeout, _verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
+                                       ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID), ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID),
+                                       ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID), verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
                        if (r < 0)
                                goto out;
 
                        r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd, activated_name,
-                               opt_key_slot, password, passwordLen, activate_flags);
+                               ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID), password, passwordLen, activate_flags);
                        tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);
                        tools_passphrase_msg(r);
                        check_signal(&r);
@@ -1594,7 +1652,7 @@ static int action_open_luks(void)
                } while ((r == -EPERM || r == -ERANGE) && (--tries > 0));
        }
 out:
-       if (r >= 0 && opt_persistent &&
+       if (r >= 0 && ARG_SET(OPT_PERSISTENT_ID) &&
            (crypt_get_active_device(cd, activated_name, &cad) ||
             crypt_persistent_flags_set(cd, CRYPT_FLAGS_ACTIVATION, cad.flags & activate_flags)))
                log_err(_("Device activated but cannot make flags persistent."));
@@ -1614,13 +1672,13 @@ static int verify_keyslot(struct crypt_device *cd, int key_slot, crypt_keyslot_i
        size_t passwordLen;
        int i, max, r;
 
-       if (ki == CRYPT_SLOT_ACTIVE_LAST && !opt_batch_mode && !key_file &&
-           msg_last && !yesDialog(msg_last, msg_fail))
+       if (ki == CRYPT_SLOT_ACTIVE_LAST && !ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID) && !key_file &&
+           msg_last && !ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID) && !yesDialog(msg_last, msg_fail))
                return -EPERM;
 
        r = tools_get_key(msg_pass, &password, &passwordLen,
-                         keyfile_offset, keyfile_size, key_file, opt_timeout,
-                         _verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
+                         keyfile_offset, keyfile_size, key_file, ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID),
+                         verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
        if (r < 0)
                goto out;
 
@@ -1665,38 +1723,36 @@ static int action_luksKillSlot(void)
        if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
                goto out;
 
-       crypt_set_confirm_callback(cd, yesDialog, NULL);
-
        if ((r = crypt_load(cd, luksType(device_type), NULL))) {
                log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS device."),
                        uuid_or_device_header(NULL));
                goto out;
        }
 
-       ki = crypt_keyslot_status(cd, opt_key_slot);
+       ki = crypt_keyslot_status(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
        switch (ki) {
        case CRYPT_SLOT_ACTIVE_LAST:
        case CRYPT_SLOT_ACTIVE:
        case CRYPT_SLOT_UNBOUND:
-               log_verbose(_("Keyslot %d is selected for deletion."), opt_key_slot);
+               log_verbose(_("Keyslot %d is selected for deletion."), ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
                break;
        case CRYPT_SLOT_INACTIVE:
-               log_err(_("Keyslot %d is not active."), opt_key_slot);
+               log_err(_("Keyslot %d is not active."), ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
                /* fall through */
        case CRYPT_SLOT_INVALID:
                r = -EINVAL;
                goto out;
        }
 
-       if (!opt_batch_mode || opt_key_file || !isatty(STDIN_FILENO)) {
-               r = verify_keyslot(cd, opt_key_slot, ki,
+       if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID) || ARG_SET(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID) || !isatty(STDIN_FILENO)) {
+               r = verify_keyslot(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID), ki,
                        _("This is the last keyslot. Device will become unusable after purging this key."),
                        _("Enter any remaining passphrase: "),
                        _("Operation aborted, the keyslot was NOT wiped.\n"),
-                       opt_key_file, opt_keyfile_offset, opt_keyfile_size);
+                       ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID), ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID));
                tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);
 
-               if (r == -EPIPE && (!opt_key_file || tools_is_stdin(opt_key_file))) {
+               if (r == -EPIPE && (!ARG_SET(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID) || tools_is_stdin(ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID)))) {
                        log_dbg("Failed read from input, ignoring passphrase.");
                        r = 0;
                }
@@ -1705,8 +1761,8 @@ static int action_luksKillSlot(void)
                        goto out;
        }
 
-       r = crypt_keyslot_destroy(cd, opt_key_slot);
-       tools_keyslot_msg(opt_key_slot, REMOVED);
+       r = crypt_keyslot_destroy(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
+       tools_keyslot_msg(ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID), REMOVED);
 out:
        crypt_free(cd);
        return r;
@@ -1722,8 +1778,6 @@ static int action_luksRemoveKey(void)
        if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
                goto out;
 
-       crypt_set_confirm_callback(cd, yesDialog, NULL);
-
        if ((r = crypt_load(cd, luksType(device_type), NULL))) {
                log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS device."),
                        uuid_or_device_header(NULL));
@@ -1732,9 +1786,9 @@ static int action_luksRemoveKey(void)
 
        r = tools_get_key(_("Enter passphrase to be deleted: "),
                      &password, &passwordLen,
-                     opt_keyfile_offset, opt_keyfile_size, opt_key_file,
-                     opt_timeout,
-                     _verify_passphrase(0), 0,
+                     ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID), ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID),
+                     ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID),
+                     verify_passphrase(0), 0,
                      cd);
        if(r < 0)
                goto out;
@@ -1747,19 +1801,20 @@ static int action_luksRemoveKey(void)
                goto out;
        tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);
 
-       opt_key_slot = r;
-       log_verbose(_("Keyslot %d is selected for deletion."), opt_key_slot);
+       ARG_SET_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID, r);
+       log_verbose(_("Keyslot %d is selected for deletion."), ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
 
-       if (crypt_keyslot_status(cd, opt_key_slot) == CRYPT_SLOT_ACTIVE_LAST &&
+       if (crypt_keyslot_status(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID)) == CRYPT_SLOT_ACTIVE_LAST &&
+           !ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID) &&
            !yesDialog(_("This is the last keyslot. "
-                         "Device will become unusable after purging this key."),
-                       _("Operation aborted, the keyslot was NOT wiped.\n"))) {
+                        "Device will become unusable after purging this key."),
+                      _("Operation aborted, the keyslot was NOT wiped.\n"))) {
                r = -EPERM;
                goto out;
        }
 
-       r = crypt_keyslot_destroy(cd, opt_key_slot);
-       tools_keyslot_msg(opt_key_slot, REMOVED);
+       r = crypt_keyslot_destroy(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
+       tools_keyslot_msg(ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID), REMOVED);
 out:
        crypt_safe_free(password);
        crypt_free(cd);
@@ -1770,7 +1825,7 @@ static int luksAddUnboundKey(void)
 {
        int r = -EINVAL, keysize = 0;
        char *key = NULL;
-       const char *opt_new_key_file = (action_argc > 1 ? action_argv[1] : NULL);
+       const char *new_key_file = (action_argc > 1 ? action_argv[1] : NULL);
        char *password_new = NULL;
        size_t password_new_size = 0;
        struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
@@ -1778,10 +1833,8 @@ static int luksAddUnboundKey(void)
        if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
                goto out;
 
-       crypt_set_confirm_callback(cd, yesDialog, NULL);
-
        if ((r = crypt_load(cd, CRYPT_LUKS2, NULL))) {
-               log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS device."),
+               log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS2 device."),
                        uuid_or_device_header(NULL));
                goto out;
        }
@@ -1792,17 +1845,17 @@ static int luksAddUnboundKey(void)
 
        /* Never call pwquality if using null cipher */
        if (crypt_is_cipher_null(crypt_get_cipher(cd)))
-               opt_force_password = 1;
+               ARG_SET_TRUE(OPT_FORCE_PASSWORD_ID);
 
-       keysize = opt_key_size / 8;
+       keysize = ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEY_SIZE_ID) / 8;
        r = set_pbkdf_params(cd, crypt_get_type(cd));
        if (r) {
                log_err(_("Failed to set pbkdf parameters."));
                goto out;
        }
 
-       if (opt_master_key_file) {
-               r = tools_read_mk(opt_master_key_file, &key, keysize);
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID)) {
+               r = tools_read_vk(ARG_STR(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID), &key, keysize);
                if (r < 0)
                        goto out;
 
@@ -1813,13 +1866,13 @@ static int luksAddUnboundKey(void)
 
        r = tools_get_key(_("Enter new passphrase for key slot: "),
                          &password_new, &password_new_size,
-                         opt_new_keyfile_offset, opt_new_keyfile_size,
-                         opt_new_key_file, opt_timeout,
-                         _verify_passphrase(1), 1, cd);
+                         ARG_UINT64(OPT_NEW_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_NEW_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID),
+                         new_key_file, ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID),
+                         verify_passphrase(1), !ARG_SET(OPT_FORCE_PASSWORD_ID), cd);
        if (r < 0)
                goto out;
 
-       r = crypt_keyslot_add_by_key(cd, opt_key_slot, key, keysize,
+       r = crypt_keyslot_add_by_key(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID), key, keysize,
                        password_new, password_new_size, CRYPT_VOLUME_KEY_NO_SEGMENT);
        tools_keyslot_msg(r, CREATED);
 out:
@@ -1829,24 +1882,97 @@ out:
        return r;
 }
 
+static int _ask_for_pin(struct crypt_device *cd,
+       int token_id, char **r_pin, size_t *r_pin_size,
+       struct crypt_keyslot_context *kc)
+{
+       int r;
+       char msg[64];
+
+       assert(r_pin);
+       assert(r_pin_size);
+       assert(kc);
+       assert(token_id >= 0 || token_id == CRYPT_ANY_TOKEN);
+
+       if (crypt_keyslot_context_get_type(kc) != CRYPT_KC_TYPE_TOKEN)
+               return -EINVAL;
+
+       if (token_id == CRYPT_ANY_TOKEN)
+               r = snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), _("Enter token PIN: "));
+       else
+               r = snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), _("Enter token %d PIN: "), token_id);
+       if (r < 0 || (size_t)r >= sizeof(msg))
+               return -EINVAL;
+
+       r = tools_get_key(msg, r_pin, r_pin_size, 0, 0, NULL,
+                       ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID), verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
+       if (r < 0)
+               return r;
+
+       r = crypt_keyslot_context_set_pin(cd, *r_pin, *r_pin_size, kc);
+       if (r < 0) {
+               crypt_safe_free(*r_pin);
+               *r_pin = NULL;
+               *r_pin_size = 0;
+       }
+
+       return r;
+}
+
+static int try_keyslot_add(struct crypt_device *cd,
+       int keyslot_existing,
+       int keyslot_new,
+       struct crypt_keyslot_context *kc,
+       struct crypt_keyslot_context *kc_new,
+       bool pin_provided,
+       bool new_pin_provided)
+{
+       int r;
+
+       r = crypt_keyslot_add_by_keyslot_context(cd, keyslot_existing, kc, keyslot_new, kc_new, 0);
+       if (crypt_keyslot_context_get_type(kc) == CRYPT_KC_TYPE_TOKEN)
+               tools_token_error_msg(crypt_keyslot_context_get_error(kc), ARG_STR(OPT_TOKEN_TYPE_ID),
+                                     ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), pin_provided);
+       if (crypt_keyslot_context_get_type(kc_new) == CRYPT_KC_TYPE_TOKEN)
+               tools_token_error_msg(crypt_keyslot_context_get_error(kc_new), NULL,
+                                     ARG_INT32(OPT_NEW_TOKEN_ID_ID), new_pin_provided);
+       return r;
+}
+
 static int action_luksAddKey(void)
 {
-       int r = -EINVAL, keysize = 0;
-       char *key = NULL;
-       const char *opt_new_key_file = (action_argc > 1 ? action_argv[1] : NULL);
-       char *password = NULL, *password_new = NULL;
-       size_t password_size = 0, password_new_size = 0;
+       int keyslot_old, keyslot_new, keysize = 0, r = -EINVAL;
+       const char *new_key_file = (action_argc > 1 ? action_argv[1] : NULL);
+       char *key = NULL, *password = NULL, *password_new = NULL, *pin = NULL, *pin_new = NULL;
+       size_t pin_size, pin_size_new, password_size = 0, password_new_size = 0;
        struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
+       struct crypt_keyslot_context *p_kc_new = NULL, *kc = NULL, *kc_new = NULL;
 
        /* Unbound keyslot (no assigned data segment) is special case */
-       if (opt_unbound)
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_UNBOUND_ID))
                return luksAddUnboundKey();
 
+       /* maintain backward compatibility of luksAddKey action positional parameter */
+       if (!new_key_file)
+               new_key_file = ARG_STR(OPT_NEW_KEYFILE_ID);
+
+       keyslot_old = ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID);
+       keyslot_new = ARG_INT32(OPT_NEW_KEY_SLOT_ID);
+
+       /*
+        * maintain backward compatibility of --key-slot/-S as 'new keyslot number'
+        * unless --new-key-slot is used.
+        */
+       if (!ARG_SET(OPT_NEW_KEY_SLOT_ID) && ARG_SET(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID)) {
+               if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID))
+                       log_std(_("WARNING: The --key-slot parameter is used for new keyslot number.\n"));
+               keyslot_old = CRYPT_ANY_SLOT;
+               keyslot_new = ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID);
+       }
+
        if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
                goto out;
 
-       crypt_set_confirm_callback(cd, yesDialog, NULL);
-
        if ((r = crypt_load(cd, luksType(device_type), NULL))) {
                log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS device."),
                        uuid_or_device_header(NULL));
@@ -1859,7 +1985,7 @@ static int action_luksAddKey(void)
 
        /* Never call pwquality if using null cipher */
        if (crypt_is_cipher_null(crypt_get_cipher(cd)))
-               opt_force_password = 1;
+               ARG_SET_TRUE(OPT_FORCE_PASSWORD_ID);
 
        keysize = crypt_get_volume_key_size(cd);
        r = set_pbkdf_params(cd, crypt_get_type(cd));
@@ -1868,44 +1994,41 @@ static int action_luksAddKey(void)
                goto out;
        }
 
-       if (opt_master_key_file) {
-               if (!keysize && !opt_key_size) {
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID)) {
+               if (!keysize && !ARG_SET(OPT_KEY_SIZE_ID)) {
                        log_err(_("Cannot determine volume key size for LUKS without keyslots, please use --key-size option."));
                        r = -EINVAL;
                        goto out;
                } else if (!keysize)
-                       keysize = opt_key_size / 8;
+                       keysize = ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEY_SIZE_ID) / 8;
 
-               r = tools_read_mk(opt_master_key_file, &key, keysize);
+               r = tools_read_vk(ARG_STR(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID), &key, keysize);
                if (r < 0)
                        goto out;
 
                r = crypt_volume_key_verify(cd, key, keysize);
+               if (r == -EPERM)
+                       log_err(_("Volume key does not match the volume."));
                check_signal(&r);
                if (r < 0)
                        goto out;
-
-               r = tools_get_key(_("Enter new passphrase for key slot: "),
-                                 &password_new, &password_new_size,
-                                 opt_new_keyfile_offset, opt_new_keyfile_size,
-                                 opt_new_key_file, opt_timeout,
-                                 _verify_passphrase(1), 1, cd);
-               if (r < 0)
-                       goto out;
-
-               r = crypt_keyslot_add_by_volume_key(cd, opt_key_slot, key, keysize,
-                                                   password_new, password_new_size);
-       } else if (opt_key_file && !tools_is_stdin(opt_key_file) &&
-                  opt_new_key_file && !tools_is_stdin(opt_new_key_file)) {
-               r = crypt_keyslot_add_by_keyfile_device_offset(cd, opt_key_slot,
-                       opt_key_file, opt_keyfile_size, opt_keyfile_offset,
-                       opt_new_key_file, opt_new_keyfile_size, opt_new_keyfile_offset);
-               tools_passphrase_msg(r);
+               r = crypt_keyslot_context_init_by_volume_key(cd, key, keysize, &kc);
+       } else if (ARG_SET(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID) && !tools_is_stdin(ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID)))
+               r = crypt_keyslot_context_init_by_keyfile(cd,
+                               ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID),
+                               ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID),
+                               ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID),
+                               &kc);
+       else if (ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID) || ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_TYPE_ID) || ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_ONLY_ID)) {
+               r = crypt_keyslot_context_init_by_token(cd,
+                               ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID),
+                               ARG_STR(OPT_TOKEN_TYPE_ID),
+                               NULL, 0, NULL, &kc);
        } else {
                r = tools_get_key(_("Enter any existing passphrase: "),
                              &password, &password_size,
-                             opt_keyfile_offset, opt_keyfile_size, opt_key_file,
-                             opt_timeout, _verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
+                             ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID), ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID),
+                             ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID), verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
 
                if (r < 0)
                        goto out;
@@ -1919,21 +2042,77 @@ static int action_luksAddKey(void)
                        goto out;
                tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);
 
+               r = crypt_keyslot_context_init_by_passphrase(cd, password, password_size, &kc);
+       }
+
+       if (r < 0)
+               goto out;
+
+       if (new_key_file && !tools_is_stdin(new_key_file)) {
+               if (ARG_SET(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID) && !strcmp(ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID), new_key_file))
+                       p_kc_new = kc;
+               else {
+                       r = crypt_keyslot_context_init_by_keyfile(cd,
+                                       new_key_file,
+                                       ARG_UINT32(OPT_NEW_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID),
+                                       ARG_UINT64(OPT_NEW_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID),
+                                       &kc_new);
+                       p_kc_new = kc_new;
+               }
+       } else if (ARG_SET(OPT_NEW_TOKEN_ID_ID)) {
+               if (ARG_INT32(OPT_NEW_TOKEN_ID_ID) == ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID))
+                       p_kc_new = kc;
+               else {
+                       r = crypt_keyslot_context_init_by_token(cd,
+                                       ARG_INT32(OPT_NEW_TOKEN_ID_ID),
+                                       NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, &kc_new);
+                       p_kc_new = kc_new;
+               }
+       } else {
                r = tools_get_key(_("Enter new passphrase for key slot: "),
-                                 &password_new, &password_new_size,
-                                 opt_new_keyfile_offset, opt_new_keyfile_size, opt_new_key_file,
-                                 opt_timeout, _verify_passphrase(1), 1, cd);
+                             &password_new, &password_new_size,
+                             ARG_UINT64(OPT_NEW_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_NEW_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID), new_key_file,
+                             ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID), verify_passphrase(1), !ARG_SET(OPT_FORCE_PASSWORD_ID), cd);
+
+               if (r < 0)
+                       goto out;
+               r = crypt_keyslot_context_init_by_passphrase(cd, password_new, password_new_size, &kc_new);
+       }
+
+       if (r < 0)
+               goto out;
+
+       if (!p_kc_new)
+               p_kc_new = kc_new;
+
+       r = try_keyslot_add(cd, keyslot_old, keyslot_new, kc, p_kc_new, pin, pin_new);
+       if (r >= 0 || r != -ENOANO)
+               goto out;
+
+       if (crypt_keyslot_context_get_error(kc) == -ENOANO) {
+               r = _ask_for_pin(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), &pin, &pin_size, kc);
                if (r < 0)
                        goto out;
 
-               r = crypt_keyslot_add_by_passphrase(cd, opt_key_slot,
-                                                   password, password_size,
-                                                   password_new, password_new_size);
+               r = try_keyslot_add(cd, keyslot_old, keyslot_new, kc, p_kc_new, pin, pin_new);
+               if (r >= 0 || r != -ENOANO)
+                       goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (crypt_keyslot_context_get_error(p_kc_new) == -ENOANO) {
+               r = _ask_for_pin(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_NEW_TOKEN_ID_ID), &pin_new, &pin_size_new, p_kc_new);
+               if (r < 0)
+                       goto out;
+               r = try_keyslot_add(cd, keyslot_old, keyslot_new, kc, p_kc_new, pin, pin_new);
        }
 out:
        tools_keyslot_msg(r, CREATED);
+       crypt_keyslot_context_free(kc);
+       crypt_keyslot_context_free(kc_new);
        crypt_safe_free(password);
        crypt_safe_free(password_new);
+       crypt_safe_free(pin);
+       crypt_safe_free(pin_new);
        crypt_safe_free(key);
        crypt_free(cd);
        return r;
@@ -1941,7 +2120,7 @@ out:
 
 static int action_luksChangeKey(void)
 {
-       const char *opt_new_key_file = (action_argc > 1 ? action_argv[1] : NULL);
+       const char *new_key_file = (action_argc > 1 ? action_argv[1] : NULL);
        struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
        char *password = NULL, *password_new = NULL;
        size_t password_size = 0, password_new_size = 0;
@@ -1962,7 +2141,7 @@ static int action_luksChangeKey(void)
 
        /* Never call pwquality if using null cipher */
        if (crypt_is_cipher_null(crypt_get_cipher(cd)))
-               opt_force_password = 1;
+               ARG_SET_TRUE(OPT_FORCE_PASSWORD_ID);
 
        r = set_pbkdf_params(cd, crypt_get_type(cd));
        if (r) {
@@ -1972,13 +2151,13 @@ static int action_luksChangeKey(void)
 
        r = tools_get_key(_("Enter passphrase to be changed: "),
                      &password, &password_size,
-                     opt_keyfile_offset, opt_keyfile_size, opt_key_file,
-                     opt_timeout, _verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
+                     ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID), ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID),
+                     ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID), verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
        if (r < 0)
                goto out;
 
        /* Check password before asking for new one */
-       r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd, NULL, opt_key_slot,
+       r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd, NULL, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID),
                                         password, password_size, CRYPT_ACTIVATE_ALLOW_UNBOUND_KEY);
        tools_passphrase_msg(r);
        check_signal(&r);
@@ -1988,13 +2167,13 @@ static int action_luksChangeKey(void)
 
        r = tools_get_key(_("Enter new passphrase: "),
                          &password_new, &password_new_size,
-                         opt_new_keyfile_offset, opt_new_keyfile_size,
-                         opt_new_key_file,
-                         opt_timeout, _verify_passphrase(1), 1, cd);
+                         ARG_UINT64(OPT_NEW_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_NEW_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID),
+                         new_key_file,
+                         ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID), verify_passphrase(1), !ARG_SET(OPT_FORCE_PASSWORD_ID), cd);
        if (r < 0)
                goto out;
 
-       r = crypt_keyslot_change_by_passphrase(cd, opt_key_slot, opt_key_slot,
+       r = crypt_keyslot_change_by_passphrase(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID), ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID),
                password, password_size, password_new, password_new_size);
        tools_keyslot_msg(r, CREATED);
 out:
@@ -2015,7 +2194,7 @@ static int action_luksConvertKey(void)
                goto out;
 
        if ((r = crypt_load(cd, CRYPT_LUKS2, NULL))) {
-               log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS device."),
+               log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS2 device."),
                        uuid_or_device_header(NULL));
                goto out;
        }
@@ -2024,9 +2203,9 @@ static int action_luksConvertKey(void)
        if (r < 0)
                goto out;
 
-       if (crypt_keyslot_status(cd, opt_key_slot) == CRYPT_SLOT_INACTIVE) {
+       if (crypt_keyslot_status(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID)) == CRYPT_SLOT_INACTIVE) {
                r = -EINVAL;
-               log_err(_("Keyslot %d is not active."), opt_key_slot);
+               log_err(_("Keyslot %d is not active."), ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
                goto out;
        }
 
@@ -2038,12 +2217,12 @@ static int action_luksConvertKey(void)
 
        r = tools_get_key(_("Enter passphrase for keyslot to be converted: "),
                      &password, &password_size,
-                     opt_keyfile_offset, opt_keyfile_size, opt_key_file,
-                     opt_timeout, _verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
+                     ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID), ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID),
+                     ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID), verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
        if (r < 0)
                goto out;
 
-       r = crypt_keyslot_change_by_passphrase(cd, opt_key_slot, opt_key_slot,
+       r = crypt_keyslot_change_by_passphrase(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID), ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID),
                        password, password_size, password, password_size);
        tools_passphrase_msg(r);
        tools_keyslot_msg(r, CREATED);
@@ -2067,7 +2246,7 @@ static int action_isLuks(void)
        if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
                goto out;
 
-       crypt_set_log_callback(cd, quiet_log, NULL);
+       crypt_set_log_callback(cd, quiet_log, &log_parms);
        r = crypt_load(cd, luksType(device_type), NULL);
 out:
        crypt_free(cd);
@@ -2083,13 +2262,14 @@ static int action_luksUUID(void)
        if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
                goto out;
 
-       crypt_set_confirm_callback(cd, yesDialog, _("Operation aborted.\n"));
+       if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID))
+               crypt_set_confirm_callback(cd, yesDialog, _("Operation aborted.\n"));
 
        if ((r = crypt_load(cd, luksType(device_type), NULL)))
                goto out;
 
-       if (opt_uuid)
-               r = crypt_set_uuid(cd, opt_uuid);
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_UUID_ID))
+               r = crypt_set_uuid(cd, ARG_STR(OPT_UUID_ID));
        else {
                existing_uuid = crypt_get_uuid(cd);
                log_std("%s\n", existing_uuid ?: "");
@@ -2105,11 +2285,9 @@ static int luksDump_with_volume_key(struct crypt_device *cd)
        char *vk = NULL, *password = NULL;
        size_t passwordLen = 0;
        size_t vk_size;
-       unsigned i;
        int r;
 
-       crypt_set_confirm_callback(cd, yesDialog, NULL);
-       if (!yesDialog(
+       if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID) && !yesDialog(
            _("The header dump with volume key is sensitive information\n"
              "that allows access to encrypted partition without a passphrase.\n"
              "This dump should be stored encrypted in a safe place."),
@@ -2122,8 +2300,8 @@ static int luksDump_with_volume_key(struct crypt_device *cd)
                return -ENOMEM;
 
        r = tools_get_key(NULL, &password, &passwordLen,
-                         opt_keyfile_offset, opt_keyfile_size, opt_key_file,
-                         opt_timeout, 0, 0, cd);
+                         ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID), ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID),
+                         ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID), 0, 0, cd);
        if (r < 0)
                goto out;
 
@@ -2135,8 +2313,8 @@ static int luksDump_with_volume_key(struct crypt_device *cd)
                goto out;
        tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);
 
-       if (opt_master_key_file) {
-               r = tools_write_mk(opt_master_key_file, vk, vk_size);
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID)) {
+               r = tools_write_mk(ARG_STR(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID), vk, vk_size);
                if (r < 0)
                        goto out;
        }
@@ -2147,19 +2325,13 @@ static int luksDump_with_volume_key(struct crypt_device *cd)
        log_std("Payload offset:\t%d\n", (int)crypt_get_data_offset(cd));
        log_std("UUID:          \t%s\n", crypt_get_uuid(cd));
        log_std("MK bits:       \t%d\n", (int)vk_size * 8);
-       if (opt_master_key_file) {
-               log_std("Key stored to file %s.\n", opt_master_key_file);
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID)) {
+               log_std("Key stored to file %s.\n", ARG_STR(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID));
                goto out;
        }
        log_std("MK dump:\t");
-
-       for(i = 0; i < vk_size; i++) {
-               if (i && !(i % 16))
-                       log_std("\n\t\t");
-               log_std("%02hhx ", (char)vk[i]);
-       }
+       crypt_log_hex(NULL, vk, vk_size, " ", 16, "\n\t\t");
        log_std("\n");
-
 out:
        crypt_safe_free(password);
        crypt_safe_free(vk);
@@ -2171,22 +2343,21 @@ static int luksDump_with_unbound_key(struct crypt_device *cd)
        crypt_keyslot_info ki;
        char *uk = NULL, *password = NULL;
        size_t uk_size, passwordLen = 0;
-       int i, r;
+       int r;
 
-       ki = crypt_keyslot_status(cd, opt_key_slot);
+       ki = crypt_keyslot_status(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
        if (ki != CRYPT_SLOT_UNBOUND) {
-               log_err(_("Keyslot %d does not contain unbound key."), opt_key_slot);
+               log_err(_("Keyslot %d does not contain unbound key."), ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
                return -EINVAL;
        }
 
-       crypt_set_confirm_callback(cd, yesDialog, NULL);
-       if (!yesDialog(
+       if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID) && !yesDialog(
            _("The header dump with unbound key is sensitive information.\n"
              "This dump should be stored encrypted in a safe place."),
              NULL))
                return -EPERM;
 
-       r = crypt_keyslot_get_key_size(cd, opt_key_slot);
+       r = crypt_keyslot_get_key_size(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
        if (r < 0)
                return -EINVAL;
        uk_size = r;
@@ -2195,12 +2366,12 @@ static int luksDump_with_unbound_key(struct crypt_device *cd)
                return -ENOMEM;
 
        r = tools_get_key(NULL, &password, &passwordLen,
-                         opt_keyfile_offset, opt_keyfile_size, opt_key_file,
-                         opt_timeout, 0, 0, cd);
+                         ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID), ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID),
+                         ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID), 0, 0, cd);
        if (r < 0)
                goto out;
 
-       r = crypt_volume_key_get(cd, opt_key_slot, uk, &uk_size,
+       r = crypt_volume_key_get(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID), uk, &uk_size,
                                 password, passwordLen);
        tools_passphrase_msg(r);
        check_signal(&r);
@@ -2208,27 +2379,22 @@ static int luksDump_with_unbound_key(struct crypt_device *cd)
                goto out;
        tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);
 
-       if (opt_master_key_file) {
-               r = tools_write_mk(opt_master_key_file, uk, uk_size);
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID)) {
+               r = tools_write_mk(ARG_STR(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID), uk, uk_size);
                if (r < 0)
                        goto out;
        }
 
        log_std("LUKS header information for %s\n", crypt_get_device_name(cd));
        log_std("UUID:    \t%s\n", crypt_get_uuid(cd));
-       log_std("Keyslot: \t%d\n", opt_key_slot);
+       log_std("Keyslot: \t%d\n", ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
        log_std("Key bits:\t%d\n", (int)uk_size * 8);
-       if (opt_master_key_file) {
-               log_std("Key stored to file %s.\n", opt_master_key_file);
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID)) {
+               log_std("Key stored to file %s.\n", ARG_STR(OPT_VOLUME_KEY_FILE_ID));
                goto out;
        }
        log_std("Unbound Key:\t");
-
-       for(i = 0; i < (int)uk_size; i++) {
-               if (i && !(i % 16))
-                       log_std("\n\t\t");
-               log_std("%02hhx ", (char)uk[i]);
-       }
+       crypt_log_hex(NULL, uk, uk_size, " ", 16, "\n\t\t");
        log_std("\n");
 out:
        crypt_safe_free(password);
@@ -2250,10 +2416,12 @@ static int action_luksDump(void)
                goto out;
        }
 
-       if (opt_dump_master_key)
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_DUMP_VOLUME_KEY_ID))
                r = luksDump_with_volume_key(cd);
-       else if (opt_unbound)
+       else if (ARG_SET(OPT_UNBOUND_ID))
                r = luksDump_with_unbound_key(cd);
+       else if (ARG_SET(OPT_DUMP_JSON_ID))
+               r = crypt_dump_json(cd, NULL, 0);
        else
                r = crypt_dump(cd);
 out:
@@ -2266,7 +2434,7 @@ static int action_luksSuspend(void)
        struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
        int r;
 
-       r = crypt_init_by_name_and_header(&cd, action_argv[0], uuid_or_device(opt_header_device));
+       r = crypt_init_by_name_and_header(&cd, action_argv[0], uuid_or_device(ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_ID)));
        if (!r) {
                r = crypt_suspend(cd, action_argv[0]);
                if (r == -ENODEV)
@@ -2283,17 +2451,17 @@ static int action_luksResume(void)
        char *password = NULL;
        size_t passwordLen;
        int r, tries;
-       const char *type, *req_type = luksType(device_type);
+       struct crypt_active_device cad;
+       const char *req_type = luksType(device_type);
 
-       if (req_type && strcmp(req_type, CRYPT_LUKS1) && strcmp(req_type, CRYPT_LUKS2))
+       if (req_type && !isLUKS(req_type))
                return -EINVAL;
 
-       if ((r = crypt_init_by_name_and_header(&cd, action_argv[0], uuid_or_device(opt_header_device))))
+       if ((r = crypt_init_by_name_and_header(&cd, action_argv[0], uuid_or_device(ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_ID)))))
                return r;
 
        r = -EINVAL;
-       type = crypt_get_type(cd);
-       if (!type || (strcmp(type, CRYPT_LUKS1) && strcmp(type, CRYPT_LUKS2))) {
+       if (!isLUKS(crypt_get_type(cd))) {
                log_err(_("%s is not active LUKS device name or header is missing."), action_argv[0]);
                goto out;
        }
@@ -2303,15 +2471,39 @@ static int action_luksResume(void)
                goto out;
        }
 
-       tries = (tools_is_stdin(opt_key_file) && isatty(STDIN_FILENO)) ? opt_tries : 1;
+       r = crypt_get_active_device(cd, action_argv[0], &cad);
+       if (r < 0)
+               goto out;
+
+       if (!(cad.flags & CRYPT_ACTIVATE_SUSPENDED)) {
+               log_err(_("Volume %s is not suspended."), action_argv[0]);
+               r = -EINVAL;
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /* try to resume LUKS2 device by token first */
+       r = crypt_resume_by_token_pin(cd, action_argv[0], ARG_STR(OPT_TOKEN_TYPE_ID),
+                                       ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), NULL, 0, NULL);
+       tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);
+       tools_token_error_msg(r, ARG_STR(OPT_TOKEN_TYPE_ID), ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), false);
+
+       /* Token requires PIN. Ask if there is evident preference for tokens */
+       if (r == -ENOANO && (ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_ONLY_ID) || ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_TYPE_ID) ||
+                            ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID)))
+               r = _try_token_pin_unlock(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), action_argv[0], ARG_STR(OPT_TOKEN_TYPE_ID), 0, set_tries_tty(), false);
+
+       if (r >= 0 || quit || ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_ONLY_ID))
+               goto out;
+
+       tries = set_tries_tty();
        do {
                r = tools_get_key(NULL, &password, &passwordLen,
-                       opt_keyfile_offset, opt_keyfile_size, opt_key_file,
-                       opt_timeout, _verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
+                       ARG_UINT64(OPT_KEYFILE_OFFSET_ID), ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYFILE_SIZE_ID), ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID),
+                       ARG_UINT32(OPT_TIMEOUT_ID), verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
                if (r < 0)
                        goto out;
 
-               r = crypt_resume_by_passphrase(cd, action_argv[0], CRYPT_ANY_SLOT,
+               r = crypt_resume_by_passphrase(cd, action_argv[0], ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID),
                                               password, passwordLen);
                tools_passphrase_msg(r);
                check_signal(&r);
@@ -2331,7 +2523,7 @@ static int action_luksBackup(void)
        struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
        int r;
 
-       if (!opt_header_backup_file) {
+       if (!ARG_SET(OPT_HEADER_BACKUP_FILE_ID)) {
                log_err(_("Option --header-backup-file is required."));
                return -EINVAL;
        }
@@ -2339,9 +2531,7 @@ static int action_luksBackup(void)
        if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
                goto out;
 
-       crypt_set_confirm_callback(cd, yesDialog, NULL);
-
-       r = crypt_header_backup(cd, NULL, opt_header_backup_file);
+       r = crypt_header_backup(cd, NULL, ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_BACKUP_FILE_ID));
 out:
        crypt_free(cd);
        return r;
@@ -2352,7 +2542,7 @@ static int action_luksRestore(void)
        struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
        int r = 0;
 
-       if (!opt_header_backup_file) {
+       if (!ARG_SET(OPT_HEADER_BACKUP_FILE_ID)) {
                log_err(_("Option --header-backup-file is required."));
                return -EINVAL;
        }
@@ -2360,8 +2550,9 @@ static int action_luksRestore(void)
        if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
                goto out;
 
-       crypt_set_confirm_callback(cd, yesDialog, NULL);
-       r = crypt_header_restore(cd, NULL, opt_header_backup_file);
+       if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID))
+               crypt_set_confirm_callback(cd, yesDialog, NULL);
+       r = crypt_header_restore(cd, NULL, ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_BACKUP_FILE_ID));
 out:
        crypt_free(cd);
        return r;
@@ -2377,7 +2568,7 @@ static const char *_get_device_type(void)
        else if (action_argc == 1)
                name = action_argv[0];
 
-       if (crypt_init_by_name_and_header(&cd, name, opt_header_device))
+       if (crypt_init_by_name_and_header(&cd, name, ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_ID)))
                return NULL;
 
        type = crypt_get_type(cd);
@@ -2405,7 +2596,9 @@ static const char *_get_device_type(void)
 
 static int action_open(void)
 {
-       if (opt_refresh && !device_type)
+       int r = -EINVAL;
+
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_REFRESH_ID) && !device_type)
                /* read device type from active mapping */
                device_type = _get_device_type();
 
@@ -2415,32 +2608,38 @@ static int action_open(void)
        if (!strcmp(device_type, "luks") ||
            !strcmp(device_type, "luks1") ||
            !strcmp(device_type, "luks2")) {
-               if (action_argc < 2 && (!opt_test_passphrase && !opt_refresh))
-                       goto args;
+               if (action_argc < 2 && (!ARG_SET(OPT_TEST_PASSPHRASE_ID) && !ARG_SET(OPT_REFRESH_ID)))
+                       goto out;
                return action_open_luks();
        } else if (!strcmp(device_type, "plain")) {
-               if (action_argc < 2 && !opt_refresh)
-                       goto args;
+               if (action_argc < 2 && !ARG_SET(OPT_REFRESH_ID))
+                       goto out;
                return action_open_plain();
        } else if (!strcmp(device_type, "loopaes")) {
-               if (action_argc < 2 && !opt_refresh)
-                       goto args;
+               if (action_argc < 2 && !ARG_SET(OPT_REFRESH_ID))
+                       goto out;
                return action_open_loopaes();
        } else if (!strcmp(device_type, "tcrypt")) {
-               if (action_argc < 2 && !opt_test_passphrase)
-                       goto args;
+               if (action_argc < 2 && !ARG_SET(OPT_TEST_PASSPHRASE_ID))
+                       goto out;
                return action_open_tcrypt();
        } else if (!strcmp(device_type, "bitlk")) {
-               if (action_argc < 2 && !opt_test_passphrase)
-                       goto args;
+               if (action_argc < 2 && !ARG_SET(OPT_TEST_PASSPHRASE_ID))
+                       goto out;
                return action_open_bitlk();
-       }
+       } else if (!strcmp(device_type, "fvault2")) {
+               if (action_argc < 2 && !ARG_SET(OPT_TEST_PASSPHRASE_ID))
+                       goto out;
+               return action_open_fvault2();
+       } else
+               r = -ENOENT;
+out:
+       if (r == -ENOENT)
+               log_err(_("Unrecognized metadata device type %s."), device_type);
+       else
+               log_err(_("Command requires device and mapped name as arguments."));
 
-       log_err(_("Unrecognized metadata device type %s."), device_type);
-       return -EINVAL;
-args:
-       log_err(_("Command requires device and mapped name as arguments."));
-       return -EINVAL;
+       return r;
 }
 
 static int action_luksErase(void)
@@ -2453,8 +2652,6 @@ static int action_luksErase(void)
        if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
                goto out;
 
-       crypt_set_confirm_callback(cd, yesDialog, NULL);
-
        if ((r = crypt_load(cd, luksType(device_type), NULL))) {
                log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS device."),
                        uuid_or_device_header(NULL));
@@ -2468,7 +2665,7 @@ static int action_luksErase(void)
                goto out;
        }
 
-       if (!yesDialog(msg, _("Operation aborted, keyslots were NOT wiped.\n"))) {
+       if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID) && !yesDialog(msg, _("Operation aborted, keyslots were NOT wiped.\n"))) {
                r = -EPERM;
                goto out;
        }
@@ -2514,8 +2711,6 @@ static int action_luksConvert(void)
        if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
                return r;
 
-       crypt_set_confirm_callback(cd, yesDialog, NULL);
-
        if ((r = crypt_load(cd, CRYPT_LUKS, NULL)) ||
            !(from_type = crypt_get_type(cd))) {
                log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS device."),
@@ -2530,16 +2725,16 @@ static int action_luksConvert(void)
                return -EINVAL;
        }
 
-       if (asprintf(&msg, _("This operation will convert %s to %s format.\n"),
-                           uuid_or_device_header(NULL), to_type) == -1) {
-               crypt_free(cd);
-               return -ENOMEM;
+       r = 0;
+       if (!ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID)) {
+               if (asprintf(&msg, _("This operation will convert %s to %s format.\n"),
+                                   uuid_or_device_header(NULL), to_type) == -1)
+                       r = -ENOMEM;
+               else if (!yesDialog(msg, _("Operation aborted, device was NOT converted.\n")))
+                       r = -EPERM;
        }
 
-       if (yesDialog(msg, _("Operation aborted, device was NOT converted.\n")))
-               r = crypt_convert(cd, to_type, NULL);
-       else
-               r = -EPERM;
+       r = r ?: crypt_convert(cd, to_type, NULL);
 
        free(msg);
        crypt_free(cd);
@@ -2551,23 +2746,22 @@ static int _config_priority(struct crypt_device *cd)
        crypt_keyslot_info cs;
        crypt_keyslot_priority priority = CRYPT_SLOT_PRIORITY_INVALID;
 
-       if (!strcmp("normal", opt_priority))
+       if (!strcmp("normal", ARG_STR(OPT_PRIORITY_ID)))
                priority = CRYPT_SLOT_PRIORITY_NORMAL;
-       else if (!strcmp("prefer", opt_priority))
+       else if (!strcmp("prefer", ARG_STR(OPT_PRIORITY_ID)))
                priority = CRYPT_SLOT_PRIORITY_PREFER;
-       else if (!strcmp("ignore", opt_priority))
+       else if (!strcmp("ignore", ARG_STR(OPT_PRIORITY_ID)))
                priority = CRYPT_SLOT_PRIORITY_IGNORE;
 
-       cs = crypt_keyslot_status(cd, opt_key_slot);
+       cs = crypt_keyslot_status(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
        if (cs != CRYPT_SLOT_INVALID)
-               return crypt_keyslot_set_priority(cd, opt_key_slot, priority);
-
+               return crypt_keyslot_set_priority(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID), priority);
        return -EINVAL;
 }
 
 static int _config_labels(struct crypt_device *cd)
 {
-       return crypt_set_label(cd, opt_label, opt_subsystem);
+       return crypt_set_label(cd, ARG_STR(OPT_LABEL_ID), ARG_STR(OPT_SUBSYSTEM_ID));
 }
 
 static int action_luksConfig(void)
@@ -2575,7 +2769,7 @@ static int action_luksConfig(void)
        struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
        int r;
 
-       if (!opt_priority && !opt_label && !opt_subsystem) {
+       if (!ARG_SET(OPT_PRIORITY_ID) && !ARG_SET(OPT_LABEL_ID) && !ARG_SET(OPT_SUBSYSTEM_ID)) {
                log_err(_("Option --priority, --label or --subsystem is missing."));
                return -EINVAL;
        }
@@ -2584,15 +2778,15 @@ static int action_luksConfig(void)
                return r;
 
        if ((r = crypt_load(cd, CRYPT_LUKS2, NULL))) {
-               log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS device."),
+               log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS2 device."),
                        uuid_or_device_header(NULL));
                goto out;
        }
 
-       if (opt_priority && (r = _config_priority(cd)))
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_PRIORITY_ID) && (r = _config_priority(cd)))
                goto out;
 
-       if ((opt_label || opt_subsystem) && (r = _config_labels(cd)))
+       if ((ARG_SET(OPT_LABEL_ID) || ARG_SET(OPT_SUBSYSTEM_ID)) && (r = _config_labels(cd)))
                goto out;
 out:
        crypt_free(cd);
@@ -2604,56 +2798,60 @@ static int _token_add(struct crypt_device *cd)
        int r, token;
        crypt_token_info token_info;
        const struct crypt_token_params_luks2_keyring params = {
-               .key_description = opt_key_description
+               .key_description = ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_DESCRIPTION_ID)
        };
 
-       if (opt_token != CRYPT_ANY_TOKEN) {
-               token_info = crypt_token_status(cd, opt_token, NULL);
+       if (ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID) != CRYPT_ANY_TOKEN) {
+               token_info = crypt_token_status(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), NULL);
                if (token_info < CRYPT_TOKEN_INACTIVE) {
-                       log_err(_("Token %d is invalid."), opt_token);
+                       log_err(_("Token %d is invalid."), ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID));
                        return -EINVAL;
-               } else if (token_info > CRYPT_TOKEN_INACTIVE) {
-                       log_err(_("Token %d in use."), opt_token);
+               } else if (token_info > CRYPT_TOKEN_INACTIVE && !ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_REPLACE_ID)) {
+                       log_err(_("Token %d in use."), ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID));
                        return -EINVAL;
                }
        }
 
-       r = crypt_token_luks2_keyring_set(cd, opt_token, &params);
+       if (crypt_keyslot_status(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID)) == CRYPT_SLOT_INACTIVE) {
+               log_err(_("Keyslot %d is not active."), ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
+
+       r = crypt_token_luks2_keyring_set(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), &params);
        if (r < 0) {
-               log_err(_("Failed to add luks2-keyring token %d."), opt_token);
+               log_err(_("Failed to add luks2-keyring token %d."), ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID));
                return r;
        }
 
        token = r;
-       tools_token_msg(token, CREATED);
 
-       r = crypt_token_assign_keyslot(cd, token, opt_key_slot);
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_UNBOUND_ID))
+               return token;
+
+       r = crypt_token_assign_keyslot(cd, token, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
        if (r < 0) {
-               log_err(_("Failed to assign token %d to keyslot %d."), token, opt_key_slot);
+               log_err(_("Failed to assign token %d to keyslot %d."), token, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
                (void) crypt_token_json_set(cd, token, NULL);
+               return r;
        }
 
-       return r;
+       return token;
 }
 
 static int _token_remove(struct crypt_device *cd)
 {
        crypt_token_info token_info;
-       int r;
 
-       token_info = crypt_token_status(cd, opt_token, NULL);
+       token_info = crypt_token_status(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), NULL);
        if (token_info < CRYPT_TOKEN_INACTIVE) {
-               log_err(_("Token %d is invalid."), opt_token);
+               log_err(_("Token %d is invalid."), ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID));
                return -EINVAL;
        } else if (token_info == CRYPT_TOKEN_INACTIVE) {
-               log_err(_("Token %d is not in use."), opt_token);
+               log_err(_("Token %d is not in use."), ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID));
                return -EINVAL;
        }
 
-       r = crypt_token_json_set(cd, opt_token, NULL);
-       tools_token_msg(r, REMOVED);
-
-       return r;
+       return crypt_token_json_set(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), NULL);
 }
 
 static int _token_import(struct crypt_device *cd)
@@ -2663,22 +2861,27 @@ static int _token_import(struct crypt_device *cd)
        crypt_token_info token_info;
        int r, token;
 
-       if (opt_token != CRYPT_ANY_TOKEN) {
-               token_info = crypt_token_status(cd, opt_token, NULL);
+       if (ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID) != CRYPT_ANY_TOKEN) {
+               token_info = crypt_token_status(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), NULL);
                if (token_info < CRYPT_TOKEN_INACTIVE) {
-                       log_err(_("Token %d is invalid."), opt_token);
+                       log_err(_("Token %d is invalid."), ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID));
                        return -EINVAL;
-               } else if (token_info > CRYPT_TOKEN_INACTIVE) {
-                       log_err(_("Token %d in use."), opt_token);
+               } else if (token_info > CRYPT_TOKEN_INACTIVE && !ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_REPLACE_ID)) {
+                       log_err(_("Token %d in use."), ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID));
                        return -EINVAL;
                }
        }
 
-       r = tools_read_json_file(cd, opt_json_file, &json, &json_length);
+       if (crypt_keyslot_status(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID)) == CRYPT_SLOT_INACTIVE) {
+               log_err(_("Keyslot %d is not active."), ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
+
+       r = tools_read_json_file(ARG_STR(OPT_JSON_FILE_ID), &json, &json_length, ARG_SET(OPT_BATCH_MODE_ID));
        if (r)
                return r;
 
-       r = crypt_token_json_set(cd, opt_token, json);
+       r = crypt_token_json_set(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), json);
        free(json);
        if (r < 0) {
                log_err(_("Failed to import token from file."));
@@ -2686,17 +2889,17 @@ static int _token_import(struct crypt_device *cd)
        }
 
        token = r;
-       tools_token_msg(token, CREATED);
 
-       if (opt_key_slot != CRYPT_ANY_SLOT) {
-               r = crypt_token_assign_keyslot(cd, token, opt_key_slot);
+       if (ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID) != CRYPT_ANY_SLOT) {
+               r = crypt_token_assign_keyslot(cd, token, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
                if (r < 0) {
-                       log_err(_("Failed to assign token %d to keyslot %d."), token, opt_key_slot);
+                       log_err(_("Failed to assign token %d to keyslot %d."), token, ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
                        (void) crypt_token_json_set(cd, token, NULL);
+                       return r;
                }
        }
 
-       return r;
+       return token;
 }
 
 static int _token_export(struct crypt_device *cd)
@@ -2704,827 +2907,279 @@ static int _token_export(struct crypt_device *cd)
        const char *json;
        int r;
 
-       r = crypt_token_json_get(cd, opt_token, &json);
+       r = crypt_token_json_get(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), &json);
+       if (r < 0) {
+               log_err(_("Failed to get token %d for export."), ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID));
+               return r;
+       }
+
+       return tools_write_json_file(ARG_STR(OPT_JSON_FILE_ID), json);
+}
+
+static int _token_unassign(struct crypt_device *cd)
+{
+       int r = crypt_token_is_assigned(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
+
        if (r < 0) {
-               log_err(_("Failed to get token %d for export."), opt_token);
+               if (r == -ENOENT)
+                       log_err(_("Token %d is not assigned to keyslot %d."), ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
+               else
+                       log_err(_("Failed to unassign token %d from keyslot %d."), ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
+
                return r;
        }
 
-       return tools_write_json_file(cd, opt_json_file, json);
+       r = crypt_token_unassign_keyslot(cd, ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
+       if (r < 0)
+               log_err(_("Failed to unassign token %d from keyslot %d."), ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID), ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID));
+
+       return r;
 }
 
 static int action_token(void)
 {
        int r;
        struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
-       enum { ADD = 0, REMOVE, IMPORT, EXPORT } action;
-
-       if (!strcmp(action_argv[0], "add")) {
-               if (!opt_key_description) {
-                       log_err(_("--key-description parameter is mandatory for token add action."));
-                       return -EINVAL;
-               }
-               action = ADD;
-       } else if (!strcmp(action_argv[0], "remove")) {
-               if (opt_token == CRYPT_ANY_TOKEN) {
-                       log_err(_("Action requires specific token. Use --token-id parameter."));
-                       return -EINVAL;
-               }
-               action = REMOVE;
-       } else if (!strcmp(action_argv[0], "import")) {
-               action = IMPORT;
-       } else if (!strcmp(action_argv[0], "export")) {
-               if (opt_token == CRYPT_ANY_TOKEN) {
-                       log_err(_("Action requires specific token. Use --token-id parameter."));
-                       return -EINVAL;
-               }
-               action = EXPORT;
-       } else {
-               log_err(_("Invalid token operation %s."), action_argv[0]);
-               return -EINVAL;
-       }
 
-       if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device(opt_header_device ?: action_argv[1]))))
+       if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device(ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_ID) ?: action_argv[1]))))
                return r;
 
        if ((r = crypt_load(cd, CRYPT_LUKS2, NULL))) {
-               log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS device."),
-                       uuid_or_device(opt_header_device ?: action_argv[1]));
+               log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS2 device."),
+                       uuid_or_device(ARG_STR(OPT_HEADER_ID) ?: action_argv[1]));
                crypt_free(cd);
                return r;
        }
 
-       if (action == ADD)
+       r = -EINVAL;
+
+       if (!strcmp(action_argv[0], "add")) {
                r = _token_add(cd); /* adds only luks2-keyring type */
-       else if (action == REMOVE)
+               tools_token_msg(r, CREATED);
+       } else if (!strcmp(action_argv[0], "remove")) {
                r = _token_remove(cd);
-       else if (action == IMPORT)
+               tools_token_msg(r, REMOVED);
+       } else if (!strcmp(action_argv[0], "import")) {
                r = _token_import(cd);
-       else if (action == EXPORT)
+               tools_token_msg(r, CREATED);
+       } else if (!strcmp(action_argv[0], "export"))
                r = _token_export(cd);
-       else {
-               log_dbg("Internal token action error.");
-               r = -EINVAL;
-       }
+       else if (!strcmp(action_argv[0], "unassign"))
+               r = _token_unassign(cd);
 
        crypt_free(cd);
 
        return r;
 }
 
-static int auto_detect_active_name(struct crypt_device *cd, const char *data_device, char *dm_name, size_t dm_name_len)
+static int action_reencrypt(void)
 {
-       int r;
-
-       r = tools_lookup_crypt_device(cd, crypt_get_type(cd), data_device, dm_name, dm_name_len);
-       if (r > 0)
-               log_dbg("Device %s has %d active holders.", data_device, r);
-
-       return r;
+       return reencrypt(action_argc, action_argv);
 }
 
-static int _get_device_active_name(struct crypt_device *cd, const char *data_device, char *buffer, size_t buffer_size)
+static const char *verify_tcryptdump(void)
 {
-       char *msg;
-       int r;
+       if ((ARG_SET(OPT_TCRYPT_HIDDEN_ID) || ARG_SET(OPT_TCRYPT_SYSTEM_ID) || ARG_SET(OPT_TCRYPT_BACKUP_ID)) && (!device_type || strcmp(device_type, "tcrypt")))
+               return _("Option --tcrypt-hidden, --tcrypt-system or --tcrypt-backup is supported only for TCRYPT device.");
 
-       r = auto_detect_active_name(cd, action_argv[0], buffer, buffer_size);
-       if (r > 0) {
-               if (*buffer == '\0') {
-                       log_err(_("Device %s is still in use."), data_device);
-                       return -EINVAL;
-               }
-               if (!opt_batch_mode)
-                       log_std(_("Auto-detected active dm device '%s' for data device %s.\n"), buffer, data_device);
-       }
-       if (r < 0) {
-               if (r == -ENOTBLK)
-                       log_std(_("Device %s is not a block device.\n"), data_device);
-               else
-                       log_err(_("Failed to auto-detect device %s holders."), data_device);
+       if ((ARG_SET(OPT_VERACRYPT_ID) || ARG_SET(OPT_DISABLE_VERACRYPT_ID)) && (!device_type || strcmp(device_type, "tcrypt")))
+               return _("Option --veracrypt or --disable-veracrypt is supported only for TCRYPT device type.");
 
-               r = asprintf(&msg, _("Unable to decide if device %s is activated or not.\n"
-                                    "Are you sure you want to proceed with reencryption in offline mode?\n"
-                                    "It may lead to data corruption if the device is actually activated.\n"
-                                    "To run reencryption in online mode, use --active-name parameter instead.\n"), data_device);
-               if (r < 0)
-                       return -ENOMEM;
-               r = noDialog(msg, _("Operation aborted.\n")) ? 0 : -EINVAL;
-               free(msg);
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_VERACRYPT_PIM_ID) && ARG_SET(OPT_DISABLE_VERACRYPT_ID))
+               return _("Option --veracrypt-pim is supported only for VeraCrypt compatible devices.");
+
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_VERACRYPT_QUERY_PIM_ID)) {
+               if (ARG_SET(OPT_DISABLE_VERACRYPT_ID))
+                       return _("Option --veracrypt-query-pim is supported only for VeraCrypt compatible devices.");
+               else if (ARG_SET(OPT_VERACRYPT_PIM_ID))
+                       return _("The options --veracrypt-pim and --veracrypt-query-pim are mutually exclusive.");
        }
 
-       return r;
+       return NULL;
 }
 
-static int action_reencrypt_load(struct crypt_device *cd)
+static const char * verify_open(void)
 {
-       int r;
-       size_t passwordLen;
-       char dm_name[PATH_MAX] = {}, *password = NULL;
-       const char *active_name = NULL;
-       struct crypt_params_reencrypt params = {
-               .resilience = opt_resilience_mode ?: "checksum",
-               .hash = opt_resilience_hash ?: "sha256",
-               .max_hotzone_size = opt_hotzone_size / SECTOR_SIZE,
-               .device_size = opt_device_size / SECTOR_SIZE,
-               .flags = CRYPT_REENCRYPT_RESUME_ONLY
-       };
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_PERSISTENT_ID) && ARG_SET(OPT_TEST_PASSPHRASE_ID))
+               return _("Option --persistent is not allowed with --test-passphrase.");
 
-       r = tools_get_key(NULL, &password, &passwordLen,
-                       opt_keyfile_offset, opt_keyfile_size, opt_key_file,
-                       opt_timeout, _verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
-       if (r < 0)
-               return r;
-
-       if (!opt_active_name) {
-               r = _get_device_active_name(cd, action_argv[0], dm_name, sizeof(dm_name));
-               if (r > 0)
-                       active_name = dm_name;
-               if (r < 0) {
-                       crypt_safe_free(password);
-                       return -EINVAL;
-               }
-       } else
-               active_name = opt_active_name;
-
-       r = crypt_reencrypt_init_by_passphrase(cd, active_name, password, passwordLen, opt_key_slot, opt_key_slot, NULL, NULL, &params);
-
-       crypt_safe_free(password);
-
-       return r;
-}
-
-static int action_encrypt_luks2(struct crypt_device **cd)
-{
-       const char *type, *activated_name = NULL;
-       int keyslot, r, fd;
-       uuid_t uuid;
-       size_t passwordLen;
-       char *msg, uuid_str[37], header_file[PATH_MAX] = { 0 }, *password = NULL;
-       uint32_t activate_flags = 0;
-       const struct crypt_params_luks2 luks2_params = {
-               .sector_size = opt_sector_size ?: SECTOR_SIZE
-       };
-       struct crypt_params_reencrypt params = {
-               .mode = CRYPT_REENCRYPT_ENCRYPT,
-               .direction = opt_data_shift < 0 ? CRYPT_REENCRYPT_BACKWARD : CRYPT_REENCRYPT_FORWARD,
-               .resilience = opt_resilience_mode ?: "checksum",
-               .hash = opt_resilience_hash ?: "sha256",
-               .max_hotzone_size = opt_hotzone_size / SECTOR_SIZE,
-               .device_size = opt_device_size / SECTOR_SIZE,
-               .luks2 = &luks2_params,
-               .flags = CRYPT_REENCRYPT_INITIALIZE_ONLY
-       };
-
-       _set_reencryption_flags(&params.flags);
-
-       type = luksType(device_type);
-       if (!type)
-               type = crypt_get_default_type();
-
-       if (strcmp(type, CRYPT_LUKS2)) {
-               log_err(_("Invalid LUKS device type."));
-               return -EINVAL;
-       }
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_REFRESH_ID) && ARG_SET(OPT_TEST_PASSPHRASE_ID))
+               return _("Options --refresh and --test-passphrase are mutually exclusive.");
 
-       if (!opt_data_shift && !opt_header_device) {
-               log_err(_("Encryption without detached header (--header) is not possible without data device size reduction (--reduce-device-size)."));
-               return -ENOTSUP;
-       }
-
-       if (!opt_header_device && opt_offset && opt_data_shift && (opt_offset > (imaxabs(opt_data_shift) / (2 * SECTOR_SIZE)))) {
-               log_err(_("Requested data offset must be less than or equal to half of --reduce-device-size parameter."));
-               return -EINVAL;
-       }
-
-       /* TODO: ask user to confirm. It's useless to do data device reduction and than use smaller value */
-       if (!opt_header_device && opt_offset && opt_data_shift && (opt_offset < (imaxabs(opt_data_shift) / (2 * SECTOR_SIZE)))) {
-               opt_data_shift = -(opt_offset * 2 * SECTOR_SIZE);
-               if (opt_data_shift >= 0)
-                       return -EINVAL;
-               log_std(_("Adjusting --reduce-device-size value to twice the --offset %" PRIu64 " (sectors).\n"), opt_offset * 2);
-       }
-
-       if (strncmp(type, CRYPT_LUKS2, strlen(CRYPT_LUKS2))) {
-               log_err(_("Encryption is supported only for LUKS2 format."));
-               return -EINVAL;
-       }
-
-       if (opt_uuid && uuid_parse(opt_uuid, uuid) == -1) {
-               log_err(_("Wrong LUKS UUID format provided."));
-               return -EINVAL;
-       }
-
-       if (!opt_uuid) {
-               uuid_generate(uuid);
-               uuid_unparse(uuid, uuid_str);
-               if (!(opt_uuid = strdup(uuid_str)))
-                       return -ENOMEM;
-       }
-
-       /* Check the data device is not LUKS device already */
-       if ((r = crypt_init(cd, action_argv[0])))
-               return r;
-       r = crypt_load(*cd, CRYPT_LUKS, NULL);
-       crypt_free(*cd);
-       *cd = NULL;
-       if (!r) {
-               r = asprintf(&msg, _("Detected LUKS device on %s. Do you want to encrypt that LUKS device again?"), action_argv[0]);
-               if (r == -1)
-                       return -ENOMEM;
-
-               r = yesDialog(msg, _("Operation aborted.\n")) ? 0 : -EINVAL;
-               free(msg);
-               if (r < 0)
-                       return r;
-       }
-
-       if (!opt_header_device) {
-               r = snprintf(header_file, sizeof(header_file), "LUKS2-temp-%s.new", opt_uuid);
-               if (r < 0 || (size_t)r >= sizeof(header_file))
-                       return -EINVAL;
-
-               fd = open(header_file, O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_WRONLY, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
-               if (fd == -1) {
-                       if (errno == EEXIST)
-                               log_err(_("Temporary header file %s already exists. Aborting."), header_file);
-                       else
-                               log_err(_("Cannot create temporary header file %s."), header_file);
-                       return -EINVAL;
-               }
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_SHARED_ID) && strcmp_or_null(device_type, "plain"))
+               return _("Option --shared is allowed only for open of plain device.");
 
-               r = posix_fallocate(fd, 0, 4096);
-               close(fd);
-               if (r) {
-                       log_err(_("Cannot create temporary header file %s."), header_file);
-                       r = -EINVAL;
-                       goto err;
-               }
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_SKIP_ID) && strcmp_or_null(device_type, "plain") && strcmp(device_type, "loopaes"))
+               return _("Option --skip is supported only for open of plain and loopaes devices.");
 
-               if (!(opt_header_device = strdup(header_file))) {
-                       r = -ENOMEM;
-                       goto err;
-               }
-               /*
-                * FIXME: just override offset here, but we should support both.
-                * offset and implicit offset via data shift (lvprepend?)
-                */
-               if (!opt_offset)
-                       opt_offset = imaxabs(opt_data_shift) / (2 * SECTOR_SIZE);
-               opt_data_shift >>= 1;
-               params.flags |= CRYPT_REENCRYPT_MOVE_FIRST_SEGMENT;
-       } else if (opt_data_shift < 0) {
-               if (!opt_luks2_metadata_size)
-                       opt_luks2_metadata_size = 0x4000; /* missing default here */
-               if (!opt_luks2_keyslots_size)
-                       opt_luks2_keyslots_size = -opt_data_shift - 2 * opt_luks2_metadata_size;
-
-               if (2 * opt_luks2_metadata_size + opt_luks2_keyslots_size > (uint64_t)-opt_data_shift) {
-                       log_err("LUKS2 metadata size is larger than data shift value.");
-                       return -EINVAL;
-               }
-       }
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_OFFSET_ID) && strcmp_or_null(device_type, "plain") && strcmp(device_type, "loopaes"))
+               return _("Option --offset with open action is only supported for plain and loopaes devices.");
 
-       r = _luksFormat(cd, &password, &passwordLen);
-       if (r < 0)
-               goto err;
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_TCRYPT_HIDDEN_ID) && ARG_SET(OPT_ALLOW_DISCARDS_ID))
+               return _("Option --tcrypt-hidden cannot be combined with --allow-discards.");
 
-       if (opt_data_shift) {
-               params.data_shift = imaxabs(opt_data_shift) / SECTOR_SIZE,
-               params.resilience = "datashift";
-       }
-       keyslot = opt_key_slot < 0 ? 0 : opt_key_slot;
-       r = crypt_reencrypt_init_by_passphrase(*cd, NULL, password, passwordLen,
-                       CRYPT_ANY_SLOT, keyslot, crypt_get_cipher(*cd),
-                       crypt_get_cipher_mode(*cd), &params);
-       if (r < 0) {
-               crypt_keyslot_destroy(*cd, keyslot);
-               goto err;
-       }
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_SECTOR_SIZE_ID) &&
+           (!device_type || strcmp(device_type, "plain")))
+               return _("Sector size option with open action is supported only for plain devices.");
 
-       /* Restore temporary header in head of data device */
-       if (*header_file) {
-               crypt_free(*cd);
-               *cd = NULL;
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_IV_LARGE_SECTORS_ID) && (!device_type || strcmp(device_type, "plain") ||
+           ARG_UINT32(OPT_SECTOR_SIZE_ID) <= SECTOR_SIZE))
+               return _("Large IV sectors option is supported only for opening plain type device with sector size larger than 512 bytes.");
 
-               r = crypt_init(cd, action_argv[0]);
-               if (!r)
-                       r = crypt_header_restore(*cd, CRYPT_LUKS2, header_file);
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_TEST_PASSPHRASE_ID) && (!device_type ||
+           (strncmp(device_type, "luks", 4) && strcmp(device_type, "tcrypt") &&
+            strcmp(device_type, "bitlk") && strcmp(device_type, "fvault2"))))
+               return _("Option --test-passphrase is allowed only for open of LUKS, TCRYPT, BITLK and FVAULT2 devices.");
 
-               if (r) {
-                       log_err("Failed to place new header at head of device %s.", action_argv[0]);
-                       goto err;
-               }
-       }
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_DEVICE_SIZE_ID) && ARG_SET(OPT_SIZE_ID))
+               return _("Options --device-size and --size cannot be combined.");
 
-       /* activate device */
-       if (action_argc > 1) {
-               activated_name = action_argv[1];
-               _set_activation_flags(&activate_flags);
-               r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(*cd, activated_name, opt_key_slot, password, passwordLen, activate_flags);
-               if (r >= 0)
-                       log_std(_("%s/%s is now active and ready for online encryption.\n"), crypt_get_dir(), activated_name);
-       }
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_UNBOUND_ID) && device_type && strncmp(device_type, "luks", 4))
+               return _("Option --unbound is allowed only for open of luks device.");
 
-       if (r < 0)
-               goto err;
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_UNBOUND_ID) && !ARG_SET(OPT_TEST_PASSPHRASE_ID))
+               return _("Option --unbound cannot be used without --test-passphrase.");
 
-       /* just load reencryption context to continue reencryption */
-       if (!opt_reencrypt_init_only) {
-               params.flags &= ~CRYPT_REENCRYPT_INITIALIZE_ONLY;
-               r = crypt_reencrypt_init_by_passphrase(*cd, activated_name, password, passwordLen,
-                               CRYPT_ANY_SLOT, keyslot, NULL, NULL, &params);
-       }
-err:
-       crypt_safe_free(password);
-       if (*header_file)
-               unlink(header_file);
-       return r;
+       /* "open --type tcrypt" and "tcryptDump" checks are identical */
+       return verify_tcryptdump();
 }
 
-static int action_decrypt_luks2(struct crypt_device *cd)
+static const char *verify_close(void)
 {
-       int r;
-       char dm_name[PATH_MAX], *password = NULL;
-       const char *active_name = NULL;
-       struct crypt_params_reencrypt params = {
-               .mode = CRYPT_REENCRYPT_DECRYPT,
-               .direction = opt_data_shift > 0 ? CRYPT_REENCRYPT_FORWARD : CRYPT_REENCRYPT_BACKWARD,
-               .resilience = opt_data_shift ? "datashift" : (opt_resilience_mode ?: "checksum"),
-               .hash = opt_resilience_hash ?: "sha256",
-               .data_shift = imaxabs(opt_data_shift) / SECTOR_SIZE,
-               .device_size = opt_device_size / SECTOR_SIZE,
-               .max_hotzone_size = opt_hotzone_size / SECTOR_SIZE,
-       };
-       size_t passwordLen;
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_CANCEL_DEFERRED_ID) && ARG_SET(OPT_DEFERRED_ID))
+               return _("Options --cancel-deferred and --deferred cannot be used at the same time.");
 
-       if (!crypt_get_metadata_device_name(cd) || !crypt_get_device_name(cd) ||
-           !strcmp(crypt_get_metadata_device_name(cd), crypt_get_device_name(cd))) {
-               log_err(_("LUKS2 decryption is supported with detached header device only."));
-               return -ENOTSUP;
-       }
-
-       _set_reencryption_flags(&params.flags);
-
-       r = tools_get_key(NULL, &password, &passwordLen,
-                       opt_keyfile_offset, opt_keyfile_size, opt_key_file,
-                       opt_timeout, _verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
-       if (r < 0)
-               return r;
-
-       if (!opt_active_name) {
-               r = _get_device_active_name(cd, action_argv[0], dm_name, sizeof(dm_name));
-               if (r > 0)
-                       active_name = dm_name;
-               if (r < 0)
-                       goto err;
-       } else
-               active_name = opt_active_name;
-
-       if (!active_name)
-               log_dbg("Device %s seems unused. Proceeding with offline operation.", action_argv[0]);
-
-       r = crypt_reencrypt_init_by_passphrase(cd, active_name, password,
-                       passwordLen, opt_key_slot, CRYPT_ANY_SLOT, NULL, NULL, &params);
-err:
-       crypt_safe_free(password);
-       return r;
+       return NULL;
 }
 
-struct keyslot_passwords {
-       char *password;
-       size_t passwordLen;
-       int new;
-};
-
-static struct keyslot_passwords *init_keyslot_passwords(size_t count)
+static const char *verify_resize(void)
 {
-       size_t i;
-       struct keyslot_passwords *tmp = calloc(count, sizeof(struct keyslot_passwords));
-
-       if (!tmp)
-               return tmp;
-
-       for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
-               tmp[i].new = -1;
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_DEVICE_SIZE_ID) && ARG_SET(OPT_SIZE_ID))
+               return _("Options --device-size and --size cannot be combined.");
 
-       return tmp;
+       return NULL;
 }
 
-static int init_passphrase(struct keyslot_passwords *kp, size_t keyslot_passwords_length,
-                          struct crypt_device *cd, const char *msg, int slot_to_check)
+static const char *verify_reencrypt(void)
 {
-       crypt_keyslot_info ki;
-       char *password;
-       int r = -EINVAL, retry_count;
-       size_t passwordLen;
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_REDUCE_DEVICE_SIZE_ID) && ARG_SET(OPT_DEVICE_SIZE_ID))
+               return _("Options --reduce-device-size and --data-size cannot be combined.");
 
-       if (slot_to_check != CRYPT_ANY_SLOT) {
-               ki = crypt_keyslot_status(cd, slot_to_check);
-               if (ki < CRYPT_SLOT_ACTIVE || ki == CRYPT_SLOT_UNBOUND)
-                       return -ENOENT;
-       }
+       if (isLUKS1(luksType(device_type)) && ARG_SET(OPT_ACTIVE_NAME_ID))
+               return _("Option --active-name can be set only for LUKS2 device.");
 
-       retry_count = (opt_tries && !opt_key_file) ? opt_tries : 1;
-       while (retry_count--) {
-               r = tools_get_key(msg,  &password, &passwordLen, 0, 0,
-                                 opt_key_file, 0, 0, 0 /*pwquality*/, cd);
-               if (r < 0)
-                       return r;
-               if (quit) {
-                       crypt_safe_free(password);
-                       password = NULL;
-                       passwordLen = 0;
-                       return -EAGAIN;
-               }
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_ACTIVE_NAME_ID) && ARG_SET(OPT_FORCE_OFFLINE_REENCRYPT_ID))
+               return _("Options --active-name and --force-offline-reencrypt cannot be combined.");
 
-               r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd, NULL, slot_to_check,
-                                                password, passwordLen, 0);
-               if (r < 0) {
-                       crypt_safe_free(password);
-                       password = NULL;
-                       passwordLen = 0;
-               }
-               if (r < 0 && r != -EPERM)
-                       return r;
-
-               if (r >= 0) {
-                       tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);
-                       if ((size_t)r >= keyslot_passwords_length) {
-                               crypt_safe_free(password);
-                               return -EINVAL;
-                       }
-                       kp[r].password = password;
-                       kp[r].passwordLen = passwordLen;
-                       break;
-               }
-               tools_passphrase_msg(r);
-       }
-
-       password = NULL;
-       passwordLen = 0;
-
-       return r;
+       return NULL;
 }
 
-static int _check_luks2_keyslots(struct crypt_device *cd)
+static const char *verify_config(void)
 {
-       int i, max = crypt_keyslot_max(CRYPT_LUKS2), active = 0, unbound = 0;
-
-       if (max < 0)
-               return max;
-
-       for (i = 0; i < max; i++) {
-               switch (crypt_keyslot_status(cd, i)) {
-               case CRYPT_SLOT_INVALID:
-                       return -EINVAL;
-               case CRYPT_SLOT_ACTIVE:
-                       /* fall-through */
-               case CRYPT_SLOT_ACTIVE_LAST:
-                       active++;
-                       break;
-               case CRYPT_SLOT_UNBOUND:
-                       unbound++;
-                       /* fall-through */
-               default:
-                       break;
-               }
-       }
-
-       /* at least one keyslot for reencryption plus new volume key */
-       if (active + unbound > max - 2) {
-               log_err(_("Not enough free keyslots for reencryption."));
-               return -EINVAL;
-       }
-
-       if ((opt_key_slot == CRYPT_ANY_SLOT) &&
-            (2 * active + unbound > max - 1)) {
-               log_err(_("Not enough free keyslots for reencryption."));
-               return -EINVAL;
-       }
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_PRIORITY_ID) && ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID) == CRYPT_ANY_SLOT)
+               return _("Keyslot specification is required.");
 
-       return 0;
+       return NULL;
 }
 
-static int fill_keyslot_passwords(struct crypt_device *cd,
-               struct keyslot_passwords *kp, size_t kp_size)
+static const char *verify_format(void)
 {
-       char msg[128];
-       crypt_keyslot_info ki;
-       int i, r = 0;
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_ALIGN_PAYLOAD_ID) && ARG_SET(OPT_OFFSET_ID))
+               return _("Options --align-payload and --offset cannot be combined.");
 
-       if (opt_key_slot == CRYPT_ANY_SLOT && opt_key_file) {
-               for (i = 0; (size_t)i < kp_size; i++) {
-                       ki = crypt_keyslot_status(cd, i);
-                       if (ki == CRYPT_SLOT_INVALID)
-                               return -EINVAL;
-                       if (ki == CRYPT_SLOT_ACTIVE) {
-                               log_err(_("Key file can be used only with --key-slot or with "
-                                         "exactly one key slot active."));
-                               return -EINVAL;
-                       }
-               }
-       }
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_INTEGRITY_NO_WIPE_ID) && !ARG_SET(OPT_INTEGRITY_ID))
+               return _("Option --integrity-no-wipe can be used only for format action with integrity extension.");
 
-       if (opt_key_slot == CRYPT_ANY_SLOT) {
-               for (i = 0; (size_t)i < kp_size; i++) {
-                       if (snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), _("Enter passphrase for key slot %d: "), i) < 0)
-                               return -EINVAL;
-                       r = init_passphrase(kp, kp_size, cd, msg, i);
-                       if (r == -ENOENT)
-                               r = 0;
-                       if (r < 0)
-                               break;
-               }
-       } else {
-               if (snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), _("Enter passphrase for key slot %u: "), opt_key_slot) < 0)
-                       return -EINVAL;
-               r = init_passphrase(kp, kp_size, cd, msg, opt_key_slot);
-       }
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_USE_RANDOM_ID) && ARG_SET(OPT_USE_URANDOM_ID))
+               return  _("Only one of --use-[u]random options is allowed.");
 
-       return r < 0 ? r : 0;
+       return NULL;
 }
 
-static int assign_tokens(struct crypt_device *cd, int keyslot_old, int keyslot_new)
+static const char *verify_addkey(void)
 {
-       int token = 0, r = crypt_token_is_assigned(cd, token, keyslot_old);
-
-       while (r != -EINVAL) {
-               if (!r && (token != crypt_token_assign_keyslot(cd, token, keyslot_new)))
-                       return -EINVAL;
-               token++;
-               r = crypt_token_is_assigned(cd, token, keyslot_old);
-       }
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_UNBOUND_ID) && !ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEY_SIZE_ID))
+               return _("Key size is required with --unbound option.");
 
-       /* we reached max token number, exit */
-       return 0;
+       return NULL;
 }
 
-static int action_reencrypt_luks2(struct crypt_device *cd)
+static const char *verify_luksDump(void)
 {
-       size_t i, vk_size, kp_size;
-       int r, keyslot_old = CRYPT_ANY_SLOT, keyslot_new = CRYPT_ANY_SLOT, key_size;
-       char dm_name[PATH_MAX], cipher [MAX_CIPHER_LEN], mode[MAX_CIPHER_LEN], *vk = NULL;
-       const char *active_name = NULL;
-       struct keyslot_passwords *kp;
-       struct crypt_params_luks2 luks2_params = {};
-       struct crypt_params_reencrypt params = {
-               .mode = CRYPT_REENCRYPT_REENCRYPT,
-               .direction = opt_data_shift < 0 ? CRYPT_REENCRYPT_BACKWARD : CRYPT_REENCRYPT_FORWARD,
-               .resilience = opt_data_shift ? "datashift" : (opt_resilience_mode ?: "checksum"),
-               .hash = opt_resilience_hash ?: "sha256",
-               .data_shift = imaxabs(opt_data_shift) / SECTOR_SIZE,
-               .max_hotzone_size = opt_hotzone_size / SECTOR_SIZE,
-               .device_size = opt_device_size / SECTOR_SIZE,
-               .luks2 = &luks2_params,
-       };
-
-       _set_reencryption_flags(&params.flags);
-
-       if (!opt_cipher && crypt_is_cipher_null(crypt_get_cipher(cd))) {
-               opt_cipher = strdup(DEFAULT_CIPHER(LUKS1));
-               log_std(_("Switching data encryption cipher to %s.\n"), opt_cipher);
-       }
-
-       if (!opt_cipher) {
-               strncpy(cipher, crypt_get_cipher(cd), MAX_CIPHER_LEN - 1);
-               strncpy(mode, crypt_get_cipher_mode(cd), MAX_CIPHER_LEN - 1);
-               cipher[MAX_CIPHER_LEN-1] = '\0';
-               mode[MAX_CIPHER_LEN-1] = '\0';
-       } else if ((r = crypt_parse_name_and_mode(opt_cipher, cipher, NULL, mode))) {
-               log_err(_("No known cipher specification pattern detected."));
-               return r;
-       }
-
-       luks2_params.sector_size = opt_sector_size ?: crypt_get_sector_size(cd);
-
-       r = _check_luks2_keyslots(cd);
-       if (r)
-               return r;
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_UNBOUND_ID) && ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID) == CRYPT_ANY_SLOT)
+               return _("Keyslot specification is required.");
 
-       if (opt_key_size || opt_cipher)
-               key_size = get_adjusted_key_size(mode, DEFAULT_LUKS1_KEYBITS, 0);
-       else
-               key_size = crypt_get_volume_key_size(cd);
-
-       if (!key_size)
-               return -EINVAL;
-       vk_size = key_size;
-
-       r = crypt_keyslot_max(CRYPT_LUKS2);
-       if (r < 0)
-               return r;
-       kp_size = r;
-       kp = init_keyslot_passwords(kp_size);
-
-       if (!kp)
-               return -ENOMEM;
-
-       r = fill_keyslot_passwords(cd, kp, kp_size);
-       if (r)
-               goto err;
-
-       if (opt_master_key_file) {
-               r = tools_read_mk(opt_master_key_file, &vk, key_size);
-
-               if (r < 0)
-                       goto err;
-       }
-
-       r = -ENOENT;
-
-       for (i = 0; i < kp_size; i++) {
-               if (kp[i].password && keyslot_new < 0) {
-                       r = set_keyslot_params(cd, i);
-                       if (r < 0)
-                               break;
-                       r = crypt_keyslot_add_by_key(cd, CRYPT_ANY_SLOT, vk, key_size,
-                                       kp[i].password, kp[i].passwordLen, CRYPT_VOLUME_KEY_NO_SEGMENT);
-                       tools_keyslot_msg(r, CREATED);
-                       if (r < 0)
-                               break;
-
-                       kp[i].new = r;
-                       keyslot_new = r;
-                       keyslot_old = i;
-                       if (!vk) {
-                               /* key generated in crypt_keyslot_add_by_key() call above */
-                               vk = crypt_safe_alloc(key_size);
-                               if (!vk) {
-                                       r = -ENOMEM;
-                                       break;
-                               }
-                               r = crypt_volume_key_get(cd, keyslot_new, vk, &vk_size, kp[i].password, kp[i].passwordLen);
-                               if (r < 0)
-                                       break;
-                       }
-                       r = assign_tokens(cd, i, r);
-                       if (r < 0)
-                               break;
-               } else if (kp[i].password) {
-                       r = set_keyslot_params(cd, i);
-                       if (r < 0)
-                               break;
-                       r = crypt_keyslot_add_by_key(cd, CRYPT_ANY_SLOT, vk, key_size,
-                                       kp[i].password, kp[i].passwordLen, CRYPT_VOLUME_KEY_NO_SEGMENT | CRYPT_VOLUME_KEY_DIGEST_REUSE);
-                       tools_keyslot_msg(r, CREATED);
-                       if (r < 0)
-                               break;
-                       kp[i].new = r;
-                       r = assign_tokens(cd, i, r);
-                       if (r < 0)
-                               break;
-               }
-       }
-
-       if (r < 0)
-               goto err;
-
-       if (!opt_active_name && !opt_reencrypt_init_only) {
-               r = _get_device_active_name(cd, action_argv[0], dm_name, sizeof(dm_name));
-               if (r > 0)
-                       active_name = dm_name;
-               if (r < 0)
-                       goto err;
-       } else if (opt_active_name)
-               active_name = opt_active_name;
-
-       if (!active_name && !opt_reencrypt_init_only)
-               log_dbg("Device %s seems unused. Proceeding with offline operation.", action_argv[0]);
-
-       r = crypt_reencrypt_init_by_passphrase(cd, active_name, kp[keyslot_old].password,
-                       kp[keyslot_old].passwordLen, keyslot_old, kp[keyslot_old].new,
-                       cipher, mode, &params);
-err:
-       crypt_safe_free(vk);
-       for (i = 0; i < kp_size; i++) {
-               crypt_safe_free(kp[i].password);
-               if (r < 0 && kp[i].new >= 0 &&
-                   crypt_reencrypt_status(cd, NULL) == CRYPT_REENCRYPT_NONE &&
-                   crypt_keyslot_destroy(cd, kp[i].new))
-                       log_dbg("Failed to remove keyslot %d with unbound key.", kp[i].new);
-       }
-       free(kp);
-       return r;
+       return NULL;
 }
 
-static int action_reencrypt(void)
+static const char *verify_token(void)
 {
-       uint32_t flags;
-       struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
-       struct crypt_params_integrity ip = { 0 };
-       int r = 0;
+       if (strcmp(action_argv[0], "add") &&
+           strcmp(action_argv[0], "remove") &&
+           strcmp(action_argv[0], "import") &&
+           strcmp(action_argv[0], "export") &&
+           strcmp(action_argv[0], "unassign"))
+               return _("Invalid token action.");
 
-       if (action_argc < 1 && (!opt_active_name || opt_encrypt)) {
-               log_err(_("Command requires device as argument."));
-               return -EINVAL;
-       }
-
-       if (!opt_encrypt || opt_reencrypt_resume_only) {
-               if (opt_active_name) {
-                       r = crypt_init_by_name_and_header(&cd, opt_active_name, opt_header_device);
-                       if (r || !crypt_get_type(cd) || strcmp(crypt_get_type(cd), CRYPT_LUKS2)) {
-                               log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS device."), opt_active_name);
-                               r = -EINVAL;
-                               goto out;
-                       }
-               } else {
-                       if ((r = crypt_init_data_device(&cd, uuid_or_device(opt_header_device ?: action_argv[0]), action_argv[0])))
-                               return r;
+       if (!ARG_SET(OPT_KEY_DESCRIPTION_ID) && !strcmp(action_argv[0], "add"))
+               return _("--key-description parameter is mandatory for token add action.");
 
-                       if ((r = crypt_load(cd, CRYPT_LUKS, NULL))) {
-                               log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS device."),
-                                       uuid_or_device(opt_header_device ?: action_argv[0]));
-                               goto out;
-                       }
-                       if (strcmp(crypt_get_type(cd), CRYPT_LUKS2)) {
-                               log_err(_("Only LUKS2 format is currently supported. Please use cryptsetup-reencrypt tool for LUKS1."));
-                               r = -EINVAL;
-                               goto out;
-                       }
-               }
+       if (ARG_INT32(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID) == CRYPT_ANY_TOKEN &&
+           (!strcmp(action_argv[0], "remove") || !strcmp(action_argv[0], "export")))
+               return _("Action requires specific token. Use --token-id parameter.");
 
-               if (crypt_persistent_flags_get(cd, CRYPT_FLAGS_REQUIREMENTS, &flags)) {
-                       r = -EINVAL;
-                       goto out;
-               }
-
-               if (flags & CRYPT_REQUIREMENT_OFFLINE_REENCRYPT) {
-                       log_err(_("Legacy offline reencryption already in-progress. Use cryptsetup-reencrypt utility."));
-                       r = -EINVAL;
-                       goto out;
-               }
-
-               if (flags & CRYPT_REQUIREMENT_ONLINE_REENCRYPT)
-                       r = -EBUSY;
-
-               /* raw integrity info is available since 2.0 */
-               if (crypt_get_integrity_info(cd, &ip) || ip.tag_size) {
-                       log_err(_("Reencryption of device with integrity profile is not supported."));
-                       r = -ENOTSUP;
-                       goto out;
-               }
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_UNBOUND_ID)) {
+               if (strcmp(action_argv[0], "add"))
+                       return _("Option --unbound is valid only with token add action.");
+               if (ARG_SET(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID))
+                       return _("Options --key-slot and --unbound cannot be combined.");
        }
 
-       if (r == -EBUSY) {
-               if (opt_reencrypt_init_only)
-                       log_err(_("LUKS2 reencryption already initialized. Aborting operation."));
-               else
-                       r = action_reencrypt_load(cd);
-       } else if (!r && opt_reencrypt_resume_only) {
-               log_err(_("LUKS2 device is not in reencryption."));
-               r = -EINVAL;
-       } else if (opt_decrypt)
-               r = action_decrypt_luks2(cd);
-       else if (opt_encrypt && !opt_reencrypt_resume_only)
-               r = action_encrypt_luks2(&cd);
-       else
-               r = action_reencrypt_luks2(cd);
-
-       if (r >= 0 && !opt_reencrypt_init_only) {
-               set_int_handler(0);
-               r = crypt_reencrypt(cd, tools_reencrypt_progress);
+       if (!strcmp(action_argv[0], "unassign")) {
+               if (!ARG_SET(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID))
+                       return _("Action requires specific keyslot. Use --key-slot parameter.");
+               if (!ARG_SET(OPT_TOKEN_ID_ID))
+                       return _("Action requires specific token. Use --token-id parameter.");
        }
-out:
-       crypt_free(cd);
 
-       return r;
+       return NULL;
 }
 
 static struct action_type {
        const char *type;
        int (*handler)(void);
+       const char *(*verify)(void);
        int required_action_argc;
-       int required_memlock;
        const char *arg_desc;
        const char *desc;
 } action_types[] = {
-       { "open",         action_open,         1, 1, N_("<device> [--type <type>] [<name>]"),N_("open device as <name>") },
-       { "close",        action_close,        1, 1, N_("<name>"), N_("close device (remove mapping)") },
-       { "resize",       action_resize,       1, 1, N_("<name>"), N_("resize active device") },
-       { "status",       action_status,       1, 0, N_("<name>"), N_("show device status") },
-       { "benchmark",    action_benchmark,    0, 0, N_("[--cipher <cipher>]"), N_("benchmark cipher") },
-       { "repair",       action_luksRepair,   1, 1, N_("<device>"), N_("try to repair on-disk metadata") },
-       { "reencrypt",    action_reencrypt,    0, 0, N_("<device>"), N_("reencrypt LUKS2 device") },
-       { "erase",        action_luksErase ,   1, 1, N_("<device>"), N_("erase all keyslots (remove encryption key)") },
-       { "convert",      action_luksConvert,  1, 1, N_("<device>"), N_("convert LUKS from/to LUKS2 format") },
-       { "config",       action_luksConfig,   1, 1, N_("<device>"), N_("set permanent configuration options for LUKS2") },
-       { "luksFormat",   action_luksFormat,   1, 1, N_("<device> [<new key file>]"), N_("formats a LUKS device") },
-       { "luksAddKey",   action_luksAddKey,   1, 1, N_("<device> [<new key file>]"), N_("add key to LUKS device") },
-       { "luksRemoveKey",action_luksRemoveKey,1, 1, N_("<device> [<key file>]"), N_("removes supplied key or key file from LUKS device") },
-       { "luksChangeKey",action_luksChangeKey,1, 1, N_("<device> [<key file>]"), N_("changes supplied key or key file of LUKS device") },
-       { "luksConvertKey",action_luksConvertKey,1, 1, N_("<device> [<key file>]"), N_("converts a key to new pbkdf parameters") },
-       { "luksKillSlot", action_luksKillSlot, 2, 1, N_("<device> <key slot>"), N_("wipes key with number <key slot> from LUKS device") },
-       { "luksUUID",     action_luksUUID,     1, 0, N_("<device>"), N_("print UUID of LUKS device") },
-       { "isLuks",       action_isLuks,       1, 0, N_("<device>"), N_("tests <device> for LUKS partition header") },
-       { "luksDump",     action_luksDump,     1, 1, N_("<device>"), N_("dump LUKS partition information") },
-       { "tcryptDump",   action_tcryptDump,   1, 1, N_("<device>"), N_("dump TCRYPT device information") },
-       { "bitlkDump",    action_bitlkDump,    1, 1, N_("<device>"), N_("dump BITLK device information") },
-       { "luksSuspend",  action_luksSuspend,  1, 1, N_("<device>"), N_("Suspend LUKS device and wipe key (all IOs are frozen)") },
-       { "luksResume",   action_luksResume,   1, 1, N_("<device>"), N_("Resume suspended LUKS device") },
-       { "luksHeaderBackup", action_luksBackup,1,1, N_("<device>"), N_("Backup LUKS device header and keyslots") },
-       { "luksHeaderRestore",action_luksRestore,1,1,N_("<device>"), N_("Restore LUKS device header and keyslots") },
-       { "token",        action_token,        2, 0, N_("<add|remove|import|export> <device>"), N_("Manipulate LUKS2 tokens") },
+       { OPEN_ACTION,          action_open,            verify_open,            1, N_("<device> [--type <type>] [<name>]"),N_("open device as <name>") },
+       { CLOSE_ACTION,         action_close,           verify_close,           1, N_("<name>"), N_("close device (remove mapping)") },
+       { RESIZE_ACTION,        action_resize,          verify_resize,          1, N_("<name>"), N_("resize active device") },
+       { STATUS_ACTION,        action_status,          NULL,                   1, N_("<name>"), N_("show device status") },
+       { BENCHMARK_ACTION,     action_benchmark,       NULL,                   0, N_("[--cipher <cipher>]"), N_("benchmark cipher") },
+       { REPAIR_ACTION,        action_luksRepair,      NULL,                   1, N_("<device>"), N_("try to repair on-disk metadata") },
+       { REENCRYPT_ACTION,     action_reencrypt,       verify_reencrypt,       0, N_("<device>"), N_("reencrypt LUKS2 device") },
+       { ERASE_ACTION,         action_luksErase,       NULL,                   1, N_("<device>"), N_("erase all keyslots (remove encryption key)") },
+       { CONVERT_ACTION,       action_luksConvert,     NULL,                   1, N_("<device>"), N_("convert LUKS from/to LUKS2 format") },
+       { CONFIG_ACTION,        action_luksConfig,      verify_config,          1, N_("<device>"), N_("set permanent configuration options for LUKS2") },
+       { FORMAT_ACTION,        action_luksFormat,      verify_format,          1, N_("<device> [<new key file>]"), N_("formats a LUKS device") },
+       { ADDKEY_ACTION,        action_luksAddKey,      verify_addkey,          1, N_("<device> [<new key file>]"), N_("add key to LUKS device") },
+       { REMOVEKEY_ACTION,     action_luksRemoveKey,   NULL,                   1, N_("<device> [<key file>]"), N_("removes supplied key or key file from LUKS device") },
+       { CHANGEKEY_ACTION,     action_luksChangeKey,   NULL,                   1, N_("<device> [<key file>]"), N_("changes supplied key or key file of LUKS device") },
+       { CONVERTKEY_ACTION,    action_luksConvertKey,  NULL,                   1, N_("<device> [<key file>]"), N_("converts a key to new pbkdf parameters") },
+       { KILLKEY_ACTION,       action_luksKillSlot,    NULL,                   2, N_("<device> <key slot>"), N_("wipes key with number <key slot> from LUKS device") },
+       { UUID_ACTION,          action_luksUUID,        NULL,                   1, N_("<device>"), N_("print UUID of LUKS device") },
+       { ISLUKS_ACTION,        action_isLuks,          NULL,                   1, N_("<device>"), N_("tests <device> for LUKS partition header") },
+       { LUKSDUMP_ACTION,      action_luksDump,        verify_luksDump,        1, N_("<device>"), N_("dump LUKS partition information") },
+       { TCRYPTDUMP_ACTION,    action_tcryptDump,      verify_tcryptdump,      1, N_("<device>"), N_("dump TCRYPT device information") },
+       { BITLKDUMP_ACTION,     action_bitlkDump,       NULL,                   1, N_("<device>"), N_("dump BITLK device information") },
+       { FVAULT2DUMP_ACTION,   action_fvault2Dump,     NULL,                   1, N_("<device>"), N_("dump FVAULT2 device information") },
+       { SUSPEND_ACTION,       action_luksSuspend,     NULL,                   1, N_("<device>"), N_("Suspend LUKS device and wipe key (all IOs are frozen)") },
+       { RESUME_ACTION,        action_luksResume,      NULL,                   1, N_("<device>"), N_("Resume suspended LUKS device") },
+       { HEADERBACKUP_ACTION,  action_luksBackup,      NULL,                   1, N_("<device>"), N_("Backup LUKS device header and keyslots") },
+       { HEADERRESTORE_ACTION, action_luksRestore,     NULL,                   1, N_("<device>"), N_("Restore LUKS device header and keyslots") },
+       { TOKEN_ACTION,         action_token,           verify_token,           2, N_("<add|remove|import|export> <device>"), N_("Manipulate LUKS2 tokens") },
        {}
 };
 
@@ -3534,12 +3189,13 @@ static void help(poptContext popt_context,
                 const char *arg __attribute__((unused)),
                 void *data __attribute__((unused)))
 {
+       const char *path;
+
        if (key->shortName == '?') {
                struct action_type *action;
                const struct crypt_pbkdf_type *pbkdf_luks1, *pbkdf_luks2;
 
-               log_std("%s\n",PACKAGE_STRING);
-
+               tools_package_version(PACKAGE_NAME, true);
                poptPrintHelp(popt_context, stdout, 0);
 
                log_std(_("\n"
@@ -3550,8 +3206,8 @@ static void help(poptContext popt_context,
 
                log_std(_("\n"
                          "You can also use old <action> syntax aliases:\n"
-                         "\topen: create (plainOpen), luksOpen, loopaesOpen, tcryptOpen, bitlkOpen\n"
-                         "\tclose: remove (plainClose), luksClose, loopaesClose, tcryptClose, bitlkClose\n"));
+                         "\topen: create (plainOpen), luksOpen, loopaesOpen, tcryptOpen, bitlkOpen, fvault2Open\n"
+                         "\tclose: remove (plainClose), luksClose, loopaesClose, tcryptClose, bitlkClose, fvault2Close\n"));
                log_std(_("\n"
                         "<name> is the device to create under %s\n"
                         "<device> is the encrypted device\n"
@@ -3562,6 +3218,13 @@ static void help(poptContext popt_context,
                log_std(_("\nDefault compiled-in metadata format is %s (for luksFormat action).\n"),
                          crypt_get_default_type());
 
+               path = crypt_token_external_path();
+               if (path) {
+                       log_std(_("\nLUKS2 external token plugin support is %s.\n"), _("compiled-in"));
+                       log_std(_("LUKS2 external token plugin path: %s.\n"), path);
+               } else
+                       log_std(_("\nLUKS2 external token plugin support is %s.\n"), _("disabled"));
+
                pbkdf_luks1 = crypt_get_pbkdf_default(CRYPT_LUKS1);
                pbkdf_luks2 = crypt_get_pbkdf_default(CRYPT_LUKS2);
                log_std(_("\nDefault compiled-in key and passphrase parameters:\n"
@@ -3590,7 +3253,7 @@ static void help(poptContext popt_context,
                poptFreeContext(popt_context);
                exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
        } else if (key->shortName == 'V') {
-               log_std("%s %s\n", PACKAGE_NAME, PACKAGE_VERSION);
+               tools_package_version(PACKAGE_NAME, true);
                tools_cleanup();
                poptFreeContext(popt_context);
                exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
@@ -3602,7 +3265,8 @@ static void help_args(struct action_type *action, poptContext popt_context)
 {
        char buf[128];
 
-       snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), _("%s: requires %s as arguments"), action->type, action->arg_desc);
+       if (snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), _("%s: requires %s as arguments"), action->type, action->arg_desc) < 0)
+               buf[0] = '\0';
        usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, buf, poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
 }
 
@@ -3612,15 +3276,9 @@ static int run_action(struct action_type *action)
 
        log_dbg("Running command %s.", action->type);
 
-       if (action->required_memlock)
-               crypt_memory_lock(NULL, 1);
-
        set_int_handler(0);
        r = action->handler();
 
-       if (action->required_memlock)
-               crypt_memory_lock(NULL, 0);
-
        /* Some functions returns keyslot # */
        if (r > 0)
                r = 0;
@@ -3630,6 +3288,121 @@ static int run_action(struct action_type *action)
        return translate_errno(r);
 }
 
+static const char *verify_action(struct action_type *action)
+{
+       log_dbg("Verifying parameters for command %s.", action->type);
+
+       return action->verify ? action->verify() : NULL;
+}
+
+static bool needs_size_conversion(unsigned arg_id)
+{
+       return (arg_id == OPT_DEVICE_SIZE_ID || arg_id == OPT_HOTZONE_SIZE_ID ||
+               arg_id == OPT_LUKS2_KEYSLOTS_SIZE_ID || arg_id == OPT_LUKS2_METADATA_SIZE_ID ||
+               arg_id == OPT_REDUCE_DEVICE_SIZE_ID);
+}
+
+static void check_key_slot_value(poptContext popt_context)
+{
+       if (ARG_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID) < 0)
+               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Key slot is invalid."),
+                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+}
+
+static void basic_options_cb(poptContext popt_context,
+                enum poptCallbackReason reason __attribute__((unused)),
+                struct poptOption *key,
+                const char *arg,
+                void *data __attribute__((unused)))
+{
+       tools_parse_arg_value(popt_context, tool_core_args[key->val].type, tool_core_args + key->val, arg, key->val, needs_size_conversion);
+
+       /* special cases additional handling */
+       switch (key->val) {
+       case OPT_DEBUG_JSON_ID:
+               /* fall through */
+       case OPT_DEBUG_ID:
+               log_parms.debug = true;
+               /* fall through */
+       case OPT_VERBOSE_ID:
+               log_parms.verbose = true;
+               break;
+       case OPT_DEVICE_SIZE_ID:
+               if (ARG_UINT64(OPT_DEVICE_SIZE_ID) == 0)
+                       usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, poptStrerror(POPT_ERROR_BADNUMBER),
+                             poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+               if (ARG_UINT64(OPT_DEVICE_SIZE_ID) % SECTOR_SIZE)
+                       usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Device size must be multiple of 512 bytes sector."),
+                             poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+               break;
+       case OPT_HOTZONE_SIZE_ID:
+               if (ARG_UINT64(OPT_HOTZONE_SIZE_ID) == 0)
+                       usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Invalid max reencryption hotzone size specification."),
+                             poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+               break;
+       case OPT_KEY_FILE_ID:
+               if (tools_is_stdin(ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID))) {
+                       free(keyfile_stdin);
+                       keyfile_stdin = strdup(ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID));
+               } else if (keyfiles_count < MAX_KEYFILES)
+                       keyfiles[keyfiles_count++] = strdup(ARG_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID));
+               total_keyfiles++;
+               break;
+       case OPT_KEY_SIZE_ID:
+               if (ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEY_SIZE_ID) % 8)
+                       usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
+                             _("Key size must be a multiple of 8 bits"),
+                             poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+               break;
+       case OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID:
+               check_key_slot_value(popt_context);
+               break;
+       case OPT_KEYSLOT_KEY_SIZE_ID:
+               if (ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYSLOT_KEY_SIZE_ID) == 0)
+                       usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, poptStrerror(POPT_ERROR_BADNUMBER),
+                             poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+               if (ARG_UINT32(OPT_KEYSLOT_KEY_SIZE_ID) % 8)
+                       usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
+                             _("Key size must be a multiple of 8 bits"),
+                             poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+               break;
+       case OPT_REDUCE_DEVICE_SIZE_ID:
+               if (ARG_UINT64(OPT_REDUCE_DEVICE_SIZE_ID) > 1024 * 1024 * 1024)
+                       usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Maximum device reduce size is 1 GiB."),
+                             poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+               if (ARG_UINT64(OPT_REDUCE_DEVICE_SIZE_ID) % SECTOR_SIZE)
+                       usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Reduce size must be multiple of 512 bytes sector."),
+                             poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+               data_shift = -(int64_t)ARG_UINT64(OPT_REDUCE_DEVICE_SIZE_ID);
+               break;
+       case OPT_SECTOR_SIZE_ID:
+               if (ARG_UINT32(OPT_SECTOR_SIZE_ID) < SECTOR_SIZE ||
+                   ARG_UINT32(OPT_SECTOR_SIZE_ID) > MAX_SECTOR_SIZE ||
+                   (ARG_UINT32(OPT_SECTOR_SIZE_ID) & (ARG_UINT32(OPT_SECTOR_SIZE_ID) - 1)))
+                       usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
+                             _("Unsupported encryption sector size."),
+                             poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+               break;
+       case OPT_PRIORITY_ID:
+               if (strcmp(ARG_STR(OPT_PRIORITY_ID), "normal") &&
+                   strcmp(ARG_STR(OPT_PRIORITY_ID), "prefer") &&
+                   strcmp(ARG_STR(OPT_PRIORITY_ID), "ignore"))
+                       usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
+                       _("Option --priority can be only ignore/normal/prefer."),
+                       poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+               break;
+       }
+}
+
+static void cryptsetup_init_arg_aliases(void)
+{
+       unsigned i;
+
+       for (i = 1; i < ARRAY_SIZE(tool_core_args); i++)
+               if (tool_core_args[i].type == CRYPT_ARG_ALIAS)
+                       ARG_INIT_ALIAS(i);
+}
+
 int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 {
        static struct poptOption popt_help_options[] = {
@@ -3639,99 +3412,27 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
                { "version",'V', POPT_ARG_NONE,     NULL, 0, N_("Print package version"),  NULL },
                POPT_TABLEEND
        };
+       static struct poptOption popt_basic_options[] = {
+               { NULL,    '\0', POPT_ARG_CALLBACK, basic_options_cb, 0, NULL, NULL },
+#define ARG(A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H) { A, B, C, NULL, A ## _ID, D, E },
+#include "cryptsetup_arg_list.h"
+#undef ARG
+               POPT_TABLEEND
+       };
        static struct poptOption popt_options[] = {
-               { NULL,                '\0', POPT_ARG_INCLUDE_TABLE, popt_help_options, 0, N_("Help options:"), NULL },
-               { "verbose",           'v',  POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_verbose,               0, N_("Shows more detailed error messages"), NULL },
-               { "debug",             '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_debug,                 0, N_("Show debug messages"), NULL },
-               { "debug-json",        '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_debug_json,            0, N_("Show debug messages including JSON metadata"), NULL },
-               { "cipher",            'c',  POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_cipher,              0, N_("The cipher used to encrypt the disk (see /proc/crypto)"), NULL },
-               { "hash",              'h',  POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_hash,                0, N_("The hash used to create the encryption key from the passphrase"), NULL },
-               { "verify-passphrase", 'y',  POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_verify_passphrase,     0, N_("Verifies the passphrase by asking for it twice"), NULL },
-               { "key-file",          'd',  POPT_ARG_STRING, NULL,                     6, N_("Read the key from a file"), NULL },
-               { "master-key-file",  '\0',  POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_master_key_file,     0, N_("Read the volume (master) key from file."), NULL },
-               { "dump-master-key",  '\0',  POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_dump_master_key,       0, N_("Dump volume (master) key instead of keyslots info"), NULL },
-               { "key-size",          's',  POPT_ARG_INT, &opt_key_size,               0, N_("The size of the encryption key"), N_("BITS") },
-               { "keyfile-size",      'l',  POPT_ARG_LONG, &opt_keyfile_size,          0, N_("Limits the read from keyfile"), N_("bytes") },
-               { "keyfile-offset",   '\0',  POPT_ARG_STRING, NULL,                     4, N_("Number of bytes to skip in keyfile"), N_("bytes") },
-               { "new-keyfile-size", '\0',  POPT_ARG_LONG, &opt_new_keyfile_size,      0, N_("Limits the read from newly added keyfile"), N_("bytes") },
-               { "new-keyfile-offset",'\0', POPT_ARG_STRING, NULL,                     5, N_("Number of bytes to skip in newly added keyfile"), N_("bytes") },
-               { "key-slot",          'S',  POPT_ARG_INT, &opt_key_slot,               0, N_("Slot number for new key (default is first free)"), NULL },
-               { "size",              'b',  POPT_ARG_STRING, NULL,                     1, N_("The size of the device"), N_("SECTORS") },
-               { "device-size",      '\0',  POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_device_size_str,     0, N_("Use only specified device size (ignore rest of device). DANGEROUS!"), N_("bytes") },
-               { "offset",            'o',  POPT_ARG_STRING, NULL,                     2, N_("The start offset in the backend device"), N_("SECTORS") },
-               { "skip",              'p',  POPT_ARG_STRING, NULL,                     3, N_("How many sectors of the encrypted data to skip at the beginning"), N_("SECTORS") },
-               { "readonly",          'r',  POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_readonly,              0, N_("Create a readonly mapping"), NULL },
-               { "batch-mode",        'q',  POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_batch_mode,            0, N_("Do not ask for confirmation"), NULL },
-               { "timeout",           't',  POPT_ARG_INT, &opt_timeout,                0, N_("Timeout for interactive passphrase prompt (in seconds)"), N_("secs") },
-               { "progress-frequency",'\0', POPT_ARG_INT, &opt_progress_frequency,     0, N_("Progress line update (in seconds)"), N_("secs") },
-               { "tries",             'T',  POPT_ARG_INT, &opt_tries,                  0, N_("How often the input of the passphrase can be retried"), NULL },
-               { "align-payload",     '\0', POPT_ARG_INT, &opt_align_payload,          0, N_("Align payload at <n> sector boundaries - for luksFormat"), N_("SECTORS") },
-               { "header-backup-file",'\0', POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_header_backup_file,  0, N_("File with LUKS header and keyslots backup"), NULL },
-               { "use-random",        '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_random,                0, N_("Use /dev/random for generating volume key"), NULL },
-               { "use-urandom",       '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_urandom,               0, N_("Use /dev/urandom for generating volume key"), NULL },
-               { "shared",            '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_shared,                0, N_("Share device with another non-overlapping crypt segment"), NULL },
-               { "uuid",              '\0', POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_uuid,                0, N_("UUID for device to use"), NULL },
-               { "allow-discards",    '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_allow_discards,        0, N_("Allow discards (aka TRIM) requests for device"), NULL },
-               { "header",            '\0', POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_header_device,       0, N_("Device or file with separated LUKS header"), NULL },
-               { "test-passphrase",   '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_test_passphrase,       0, N_("Do not activate device, just check passphrase"), NULL },
-               { "tcrypt-hidden",     '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_tcrypt_hidden,         0, N_("Use hidden header (hidden TCRYPT device)"), NULL },
-               { "tcrypt-system",     '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_tcrypt_system,         0, N_("Device is system TCRYPT drive (with bootloader)"), NULL },
-               { "tcrypt-backup",     '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_tcrypt_backup,         0, N_("Use backup (secondary) TCRYPT header"), NULL },
-               { "veracrypt",         '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_veracrypt,             0, N_("Scan also for VeraCrypt compatible device"), NULL },
-               { "veracrypt-pim",     '\0', POPT_ARG_INT, &opt_veracrypt_pim,          0, N_("Personal Iteration Multiplier for VeraCrypt compatible device"), NULL },
-               { "veracrypt-query-pim", '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_veracrypt_query_pim, 0, N_("Query Personal Iteration Multiplier for VeraCrypt compatible device"), NULL },
-               { "type",               'M', POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_type,                0, N_("Type of device metadata: luks, luks1, luks2, plain, loopaes, tcrypt, bitlk"), NULL },
-               { "force-password",    '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_force_password,        0, N_("Disable password quality check (if enabled)"), NULL },
-               { "perf-same_cpu_crypt",'\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_perf_same_cpu_crypt,  0, N_("Use dm-crypt same_cpu_crypt performance compatibility option"), NULL },
-               { "perf-submit_from_crypt_cpus",'\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_perf_submit_from_crypt_cpus,0,N_("Use dm-crypt submit_from_crypt_cpus performance compatibility option"), NULL },
-               { "perf-no_read_workqueue",'\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_perf_no_read_workqueue,0,N_("Bypass dm-crypt workqueue and process read requests synchronously"), NULL },
-               { "perf-no_write_workqueue",'\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_perf_no_write_workqueue,0,N_("Bypass dm-crypt workqueue and process write requests synchronously"), NULL },
-               { "deferred",          '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_deferred_remove,       0, N_("Device removal is deferred until the last user closes it"), NULL },
-               { "serialize-memory-hard-pbkdf", '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_serialize_memory_hard_pbkdf, 0, N_("Use global lock to serialize memory hard PBKDF (OOM workaround)"), NULL },
-               { "iter-time",         'i',  POPT_ARG_INT, &opt_iteration_time,         0, N_("PBKDF iteration time for LUKS (in ms)"), N_("msecs") },
-               { "pbkdf",             '\0', POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_pbkdf,               0, N_("PBKDF algorithm (for LUKS2): argon2i, argon2id, pbkdf2"), NULL },
-               { "pbkdf-memory",      '\0', POPT_ARG_LONG, &opt_pbkdf_memory,          0, N_("PBKDF memory cost limit"), N_("kilobytes") },
-               { "pbkdf-parallel",    '\0', POPT_ARG_LONG, &opt_pbkdf_parallel,        0, N_("PBKDF parallel cost"), N_("threads") },
-               { "pbkdf-force-iterations",'\0',POPT_ARG_LONG, &opt_pbkdf_iterations,   0, N_("PBKDF iterations cost (forced, disables benchmark)"), NULL },
-               { "priority",          '\0', POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_priority,            0, N_("Keyslot priority: ignore, normal, prefer"), NULL },
-               { "disable-locks",     '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_disable_locks,         0, N_("Disable locking of on-disk metadata"), NULL },
-               { "disable-keyring",   '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_disable_keyring,       0, N_("Disable loading volume keys via kernel keyring"), NULL },
-               { "integrity",          'I', POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_integrity,           0, N_("Data integrity algorithm (LUKS2 only)"), NULL },
-               { "integrity-no-journal",'\0',POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_integrity_nojournal,  0, N_("Disable journal for integrity device"), NULL },
-               { "integrity-no-wipe", '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_integrity_no_wipe,     0, N_("Do not wipe device after format"), NULL },
-               { "integrity-legacy-padding",'\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_integrity_legacy_padding,0, N_("Use inefficient legacy padding (old kernels)"), NULL },
-               { "token-only",        '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_token_only,            0, N_("Do not ask for passphrase if activation by token fails"), NULL },
-               { "token-id",          '\0', POPT_ARG_INT, &opt_token,                  0, N_("Token number (default: any)"), NULL },
-               { "key-description",   '\0', POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_key_description,     0, N_("Key description"), NULL },
-               { "sector-size",       '\0', POPT_ARG_INT, &opt_sector_size,            0, N_("Encryption sector size (default: 512 bytes)"), NULL },
-               { "iv-large-sectors",  '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_iv_large_sectors,      0, N_("Use IV counted in sector size (not in 512 bytes)"), NULL },
-               { "persistent",        '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_persistent,            0, N_("Set activation flags persistent for device"), NULL },
-               { "label",             '\0', POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_label,               0, N_("Set label for the LUKS2 device"), NULL },
-               { "subsystem",         '\0', POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_subsystem,           0, N_("Set subsystem label for the LUKS2 device"), NULL },
-               { "unbound",           '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_unbound,               0, N_("Create or dump unbound (no assigned data segment) LUKS2 keyslot"), NULL },
-               { "json-file",         '\0', POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_json_file,           0, N_("Read or write the json from or to a file"), NULL },
-               { "luks2-metadata-size",'\0',POPT_ARG_STRING,&opt_luks2_metadata_size_str,0,N_("LUKS2 header metadata area size"), N_("bytes") },
-               { "luks2-keyslots-size",'\0',POPT_ARG_STRING,&opt_luks2_keyslots_size_str,0,N_("LUKS2 header keyslots area size"), N_("bytes") },
-               { "refresh",           '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_refresh,               0, N_("Refresh (reactivate) device with new parameters"), NULL },
-               { "keyslot-key-size",  '\0', POPT_ARG_INT, &opt_keyslot_key_size,       0, N_("LUKS2 keyslot: The size of the encryption key"), N_("BITS") },
-               { "keyslot-cipher",    '\0', POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_keyslot_cipher,      0, N_("LUKS2 keyslot: The cipher used for keyslot encryption"), NULL },
-               { "encrypt",           '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_encrypt,               0, N_("Encrypt LUKS2 device (in-place encryption)."), NULL },
-               { "decrypt",           '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_decrypt,               0, N_("Decrypt LUKS2 device (remove encryption)."), NULL },
-               { "init-only",         '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_reencrypt_init_only,   0, N_("Initialize LUKS2 reencryption in metadata only."), NULL },
-               { "resume-only",       '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_reencrypt_resume_only, 0, N_("Resume initialized LUKS2 reencryption only."), NULL },
-               { "reduce-device-size",'\0', POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_reduce_size_str,     0, N_("Reduce data device size (move data offset). DANGEROUS!"), N_("bytes") },
-               { "hotzone-size",      '\0', POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_hotzone_size_str,    0, N_("Maximal reencryption hotzone size."), N_("bytes") },
-               { "resilience",        '\0', POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_resilience_mode,     0, N_("Reencryption hotzone resilience type (checksum,journal,none)"), NULL },
-               { "resilience-hash",   '\0', POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_resilience_hash,     0, N_("Reencryption hotzone checksums hash"), NULL },
-               { "active-name",       '\0', POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_active_name,         0, N_("Override device autodetection of dm device to be reencrypted"), NULL },
+               { NULL, '\0', POPT_ARG_INCLUDE_TABLE, popt_help_options,  0, N_("Help options:"), NULL },
+               { NULL, '\0', POPT_ARG_INCLUDE_TABLE, popt_basic_options, 0, NULL, NULL },
                POPT_TABLEEND
        };
        poptContext popt_context;
        struct action_type *action;
-       const char *aname;
-       int r, total_keyfiles = 0;
+       const char *aname, *error_message;
+       int r;
+
+       /* initialize aliases */
+       cryptsetup_init_arg_aliases();
 
-       crypt_set_log_callback(NULL, tool_log, NULL);
+       crypt_set_log_callback(NULL, tool_log, &log_parms);
 
        setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
        bindtextdomain(PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
@@ -3741,53 +3442,7 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
        poptSetOtherOptionHelp(popt_context,
                               _("[OPTION...] <action> <action-specific>"));
 
-       while((r = poptGetNextOpt(popt_context)) > 0) {
-               unsigned long long ull_value;
-               char *endp, *str = poptGetOptArg(popt_context);
-
-               if (r == 6) {
-                       free(opt_key_file);
-                       opt_key_file = str;
-                       if (tools_is_stdin(str)) {
-                               free(opt_keyfile_stdin);
-                               opt_keyfile_stdin = strdup(str);
-                       } else if (opt_keyfiles_count < MAX_KEYFILES)
-                               opt_keyfiles[opt_keyfiles_count++] = strdup(str);
-                       total_keyfiles++;
-                       continue;
-               }
-
-               errno = 0;
-               ull_value = strtoull(str, &endp, 0);
-               if (*endp || !*str || !isdigit(*str) ||
-                   (errno == ERANGE && ull_value == ULLONG_MAX) ||
-                   (errno != 0 && ull_value == 0))
-                       r = POPT_ERROR_BADNUMBER;
-
-               free(str);
-
-               switch(r) {
-                       case 1:
-                               opt_size = ull_value;
-                               break;
-                       case 2:
-                               opt_offset = ull_value;
-                               break;
-                       case 3:
-                               opt_skip = ull_value;
-                               opt_skip_valid = 1;
-                               break;
-                       case 4:
-                               opt_keyfile_offset = ull_value;
-                               break;
-                       case 5:
-                               opt_new_keyfile_offset = ull_value;
-                               break;
-               }
-
-               if (r < 0)
-                       break;
-       }
+       while ((r = poptGetNextOpt(popt_context)) > 0) {}
 
        if (r < -1)
                usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, poptStrerror(r),
@@ -3815,48 +3470,54 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
                        action_argv[0] = action_argv[1];
                        action_argv[1] = tmp;
                }
-               aname = "open";
+               aname = OPEN_ACTION;
                device_type = "plain";
        } else if (!strcmp(aname, "plainOpen")) {
-               aname = "open";
+               aname = OPEN_ACTION;
                device_type = "plain";
        } else if (!strcmp(aname, "luksOpen")) {
-               aname = "open";
+               aname = OPEN_ACTION;
                device_type = "luks";
        } else if (!strcmp(aname, "loopaesOpen")) {
-               aname = "open";
+               aname = OPEN_ACTION;
                device_type = "loopaes";
        } else if (!strcmp(aname, "tcryptOpen")) {
-               aname = "open";
+               aname = OPEN_ACTION;
                device_type = "tcrypt";
        } else if (!strcmp(aname, "bitlkOpen")) {
-               aname = "open";
+               aname = OPEN_ACTION;
                device_type = "bitlk";
+       } else if (!strcmp(aname, "fvault2Open")) {
+               aname = OPEN_ACTION;
+               device_type = "fvault2";
        } else if (!strcmp(aname, "tcryptDump")) {
                device_type = "tcrypt";
        } else if (!strcmp(aname, "bitlkDump")) {
                device_type = "bitlk";
+       } else if (!strcmp(aname, "fvault2Dump")) {
+               device_type = "fvault2";
        } else if (!strcmp(aname, "remove") ||
                   !strcmp(aname, "plainClose") ||
                   !strcmp(aname, "luksClose") ||
                   !strcmp(aname, "loopaesClose") ||
                   !strcmp(aname, "tcryptClose") ||
-                  !strcmp(aname, "bitlkClose")) {
-               aname = "close";
+                  !strcmp(aname, "bitlkClose") ||
+                  !strcmp(aname, "fvault2Close")) {
+               aname = CLOSE_ACTION;
        } else if (!strcmp(aname, "luksErase")) {
-               aname = "erase";
+               aname = ERASE_ACTION;
                device_type = "luks";
        } else if (!strcmp(aname, "luksConfig")) {
-               aname = "config";
+               aname = CONFIG_ACTION;
                device_type = "luks2";
        } else if (!strcmp(aname, "refresh")) {
-               aname = "open";
-               opt_refresh = 1;
-       } else if (opt_type)
-               device_type = opt_type;
+               aname = OPEN_ACTION;
+               ARG_SET_TRUE(OPT_REFRESH_ID);
+       } else if (ARG_SET(OPT_TYPE_ID))
+               device_type = ARG_STR(OPT_TYPE_ID);
 
        /* ignore user supplied type and query device type instead */
-       if (opt_refresh)
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_REFRESH_ID))
                device_type = NULL;
 
        for(action = action_types; action->type; action++)
@@ -3870,316 +3531,72 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
        if (action_argc < action->required_action_argc)
                help_args(action, popt_context);
 
-       /* FIXME: rewrite this from scratch */
-
-       if (opt_refresh && opt_test_passphrase)
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
-                     _("Options --refresh and --test-passphrase are mutually exclusive."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       if (opt_deferred_remove && strcmp(aname, "close"))
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
-                     _("Option --deferred is allowed only for close command."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       if (opt_shared && (strcmp(aname, "open") || strcmp_or_null(device_type, "plain")))
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
-                     _("Option --shared is allowed only for open of plain device."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       if (opt_allow_discards && strcmp(aname, "open"))
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
-                     _("Option --allow-discards is allowed only for open operation."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       if (opt_persistent && strcmp(aname, "open"))
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
-                     _("Option --persistent is allowed only for open operation."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       if (opt_serialize_memory_hard_pbkdf && strcmp(aname, "open"))
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
-                     _("Option --serialize-memory-hard-pbkdf is allowed only for open operation."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       if (opt_persistent && opt_test_passphrase)
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
-                     _("Option --persistent is not allowed with --test-passphrase."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       if (opt_key_size &&
-          strcmp(aname, "reencrypt") &&
-          strcmp(aname, "luksFormat") &&
-          strcmp(aname, "open") &&
-          strcmp(aname, "benchmark") &&
-          strcmp(aname, "luksAddKey"))
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
-                     _("Option --key-size is allowed only for luksFormat, luksAddKey,\n"
-                       "open and benchmark actions. To limit read from keyfile use --keyfile-size=(bytes)."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       if (opt_integrity && strcmp(aname, "luksFormat"))
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
-                     _("Option --integrity is allowed only for luksFormat (LUKS2)."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       if (opt_integrity_no_wipe && !opt_integrity)
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
-                     _("Option --integrity-no-wipe"
-                       " can be used only for format action with integrity extension."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       if ((opt_label || opt_subsystem) && strcmp(aname, "luksFormat") && strcmp(aname, "config"))
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
-                     _("Options --label and --subsystem are allowed only for luksFormat and config LUKS2 operations."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       if (opt_test_passphrase && (strcmp(aname, "open") || !device_type ||
-           (strncmp(device_type, "luks", 4) && strcmp(device_type, "tcrypt") && strcmp(device_type, "bitlk"))))
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
-                     _("Option --test-passphrase is allowed only for open of LUKS, TCRYPT and BITLK devices."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+       /* this routine short circuits to exit() on error */
+       tools_check_args(action->type, tool_core_args, ARRAY_SIZE(tool_core_args), popt_context);
 
-       if (opt_key_size % 8 || opt_keyslot_key_size % 8)
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
-                     _("Key size must be a multiple of 8 bits"),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       if (!strcmp(aname, "luksKillSlot") && action_argc > 1)
-               opt_key_slot = atoi(action_argv[1]);
-       if (opt_key_slot != CRYPT_ANY_SLOT && opt_key_slot < 0)
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Key slot is invalid."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+       if (!strcmp(aname, KILLKEY_ACTION) && action_argc > 1) {
+               ARG_SET_INT32(OPT_KEY_SLOT_ID, atoi(action_argv[1]));
+               check_key_slot_value(popt_context);
+       }
 
-       if ((!strcmp(aname, "luksRemoveKey") ||
-            !strcmp(aname, "luksFormat")) &&
+       if ((!strcmp(aname, REMOVEKEY_ACTION) ||
+            !strcmp(aname, FORMAT_ACTION)) &&
             action_argc > 1) {
-               if (opt_key_file)
+               if (ARG_SET(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID))
                        log_err(_("Option --key-file takes precedence over specified key file argument."));
                else
-                       opt_key_file = strdup(action_argv[1]);
+                       ARG_SET_STR(OPT_KEY_FILE_ID, strdup(action_argv[1]));
        }
 
-       if (opt_keyfile_size < 0 || opt_new_keyfile_size < 0 || opt_key_size < 0)
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
-                     _("Negative number for option not permitted."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
        if (total_keyfiles > 1 && (strcmp_or_null(device_type, "tcrypt")))
                usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Only one --key-file argument is allowed."),
                      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
 
-       if (opt_random && opt_urandom)
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Only one of --use-[u]random options is allowed."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       if ((opt_random || opt_urandom) && strcmp(aname, "luksFormat"))
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Option --use-[u]random is allowed only for luksFormat."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       if (opt_uuid && strcmp(aname, "luksFormat") && strcmp(aname, "luksUUID"))
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Option --uuid is allowed only for luksFormat and luksUUID."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       if (opt_align_payload && strcmp(aname, "luksFormat"))
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Option --align-payload is allowed only for luksFormat."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       if ((opt_luks2_metadata_size_str || opt_luks2_keyslots_size_str) && strcmp(aname, "luksFormat") && strcmp(aname, "reencrypt"))
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Options --luks2-metadata-size and --opt-luks2-keyslots-size "
-               "are allowed only for luksFormat with LUKS2."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-       if (opt_luks2_metadata_size_str &&
-           tools_string_to_size(NULL, opt_luks2_metadata_size_str, &opt_luks2_metadata_size))
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Invalid LUKS2 metadata size specification."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-       if (opt_luks2_keyslots_size_str &&
-           tools_string_to_size(NULL, opt_luks2_keyslots_size_str, &opt_luks2_keyslots_size))
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Invalid LUKS2 keyslots size specification."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       if (opt_align_payload && opt_offset)
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Options --align-payload and --offset cannot be combined."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       if (opt_skip && (strcmp(aname, "open") ||
-           (strcmp_or_null(device_type, "plain") && strcmp(device_type, "loopaes"))))
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
-               _("Option --skip is supported only for open of plain and loopaes devices."),
-               poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       if (opt_offset && ((strcmp(aname, "reencrypt") && strcmp(aname, "open") && strcmp(aname, "luksFormat")) ||
-           (!strcmp(aname, "open") && strcmp_or_null(device_type, "plain") && strcmp(device_type, "loopaes")) ||
-           (!strcmp(aname, "luksFormat") && device_type && strncmp(device_type, "luks", 4))))
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
-               _("Option --offset is supported only for open of plain and loopaes devices, luksFormat and device reencryption."),
-               poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       if ((opt_tcrypt_hidden || opt_tcrypt_system || opt_tcrypt_backup) && strcmp(aname, "tcryptDump") &&
-           (strcmp(aname, "open") || !device_type || strcmp(device_type, "tcrypt")))
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
-               _("Option --tcrypt-hidden, --tcrypt-system or --tcrypt-backup is supported only for TCRYPT device."),
-               poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       if (opt_tcrypt_hidden && opt_allow_discards)
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
-               _("Option --tcrypt-hidden cannot be combined with --allow-discards."),
-               poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       if (opt_veracrypt && (!device_type || strcmp(device_type, "tcrypt")))
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
-               _("Option --veracrypt is supported only for TCRYPT device type."),
-               poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       if (opt_veracrypt_pim != -1) {
-               if (opt_veracrypt_pim < -1) {
-                       usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
-                       _("Invalid argument for parameter --veracrypt-pim supplied."),
-                       poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-               } else if (!opt_veracrypt) {
-                       usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
-                       _("Option --veracrypt-pim is supported only for VeraCrypt compatible devices."),
-                       poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-               }
-       }
-
-       if (opt_veracrypt_query_pim) {
-               if (!opt_veracrypt) {
-                       usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
-                       _("Option --veracrypt-query-pim is supported only for VeraCrypt compatible devices."),
-                       poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-               } else if (opt_veracrypt_pim != -1) {
-                       usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
-                       _("The options --veracrypt-pim and --veracrypt-query-pim are mutually exclusive."),
-                       poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-               }
-       }
-
-       if (opt_priority && strcmp(opt_priority, "normal") && strcmp(opt_priority, "prefer") && strcmp(opt_priority, "ignore"))
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
-               _("Option --priority can be only ignore/normal/prefer."),
-               poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       if (!strcmp(aname, "config") && opt_priority && opt_key_slot == CRYPT_ANY_SLOT)
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
-               _("Keyslot specification is required."),
-               poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       if (opt_pbkdf && crypt_parse_pbkdf(opt_pbkdf, &set_pbkdf))
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_PBKDF_ID) && crypt_parse_pbkdf(ARG_STR(OPT_PBKDF_ID), &set_pbkdf))
                usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
                _("Password-based key derivation function (PBKDF) can be only pbkdf2 or argon2i/argon2id."),
                poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
 
-       if (opt_pbkdf_iterations && opt_iteration_time)
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_PBKDF_FORCE_ITERATIONS_ID) && ARG_SET(OPT_ITER_TIME_ID))
                usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
                _("PBKDF forced iterations cannot be combined with iteration time option."),
                poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
 
-       if (opt_sector_size && strcmp(aname, "reencrypt") && strcmp(aname, "luksFormat") &&
-           (strcmp(aname, "open") || strcmp_or_null(device_type, "plain")))
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
-                     _("Sector size option is not supported for this command."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       if (opt_sector_size && (opt_sector_size < SECTOR_SIZE || opt_sector_size > MAX_SECTOR_SIZE ||
-           (opt_sector_size & (opt_sector_size - 1))))
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
-                     _("Unsupported encryption sector size."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       if (opt_iv_large_sectors && (strcmp(aname, "open") || strcmp_or_null(opt_type, "plain") ||
-           opt_sector_size <= SECTOR_SIZE))
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
-                     _("Large IV sectors option is supported only for opening plain type device with sector size larger than 512 bytes."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       if (opt_unbound && !opt_key_size && !strcmp(aname, "luksAddKey"))
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
-                     _("Key size is required with --unbound option."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       if (opt_unbound && !strcmp(aname, "luksDump") && opt_key_slot == CRYPT_ANY_SLOT)
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
-                     _("Keyslot specification is required."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_DEBUG_ID) || ARG_SET(OPT_DEBUG_JSON_ID)) {
+               crypt_set_debug_level(ARG_SET(OPT_DEBUG_JSON_ID)? CRYPT_DEBUG_JSON : CRYPT_DEBUG_ALL);
+               dbg_version_and_cmd(argc, argv);
+       }
 
-       if (opt_unbound && strcmp(aname, "luksAddKey") && strcmp(aname, "luksDump"))
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
-                     _("Option --unbound may be used only with luksAddKey and luksDump actions."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+       /* reencrypt action specific check */
 
-       if (opt_refresh && strcmp(aname, "open"))
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
-                     _("Option --refresh may be used only with open action."),
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_KEYSLOT_CIPHER_ID) != ARG_SET(OPT_KEYSLOT_KEY_SIZE_ID))
+               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Options --keyslot-cipher and --keyslot-key-size must be used together."),
                      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
 
-       if (opt_debug || opt_debug_json) {
-               opt_debug = 1;
-               opt_verbose = 1;
-               crypt_set_debug_level(opt_debug_json? CRYPT_DEBUG_JSON : CRYPT_DEBUG_ALL);
-               dbg_version_and_cmd(argc, argv);
-       }
+       error_message = verify_action(action);
+       if (error_message)
+               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, error_message, poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
 
-       if (opt_disable_locks && crypt_metadata_locking(NULL, 0)) {
-               log_std(_("Cannot disable metadata locking."));
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_TEST_ARGS_ID)) {
+               log_std(_("No action taken. Invoked with --test-args option.\n"));
                tools_cleanup();
                poptFreeContext(popt_context);
-               exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+               return 0;
        }
 
-       if (opt_disable_keyring)
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_DISABLE_KEYRING_ID))
                (void) crypt_volume_key_keyring(NULL, 0);
 
-       if (opt_hotzone_size_str &&
-           (tools_string_to_size(NULL, opt_hotzone_size_str, &opt_hotzone_size) || !opt_hotzone_size))
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Invalid max reencryption hotzone size specification."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       if (!opt_hotzone_size && opt_resilience_mode && !strcmp(opt_resilience_mode, "none"))
-               opt_hotzone_size = 50 * 1024 * 1024;
-
-       if (opt_reduce_size_str &&
-           tools_string_to_size(NULL, opt_reduce_size_str, &opt_reduce_size))
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Invalid device size specification."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-       if (opt_reduce_size > 1024 * 1024 * 1024)
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Maximum device reduce size is 1 GiB."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-       if (opt_reduce_size % SECTOR_SIZE)
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Reduce size must be multiple of 512 bytes sector."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       if (opt_device_size_str &&
-           tools_string_to_size(NULL, opt_device_size_str, &opt_device_size))
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Invalid data size specification."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       opt_data_shift = -(int64_t)opt_reduce_size;
-       if (opt_data_shift > 0)
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Reduce size overflow."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       if (opt_decrypt && !opt_header_device)
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("LUKS2 decryption requires option --header."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       if (opt_device_size % SECTOR_SIZE)
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Device size must be multiple of 512 bytes sector."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       if (opt_data_shift && opt_device_size)
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Options --reduce-device-size and --data-size cannot be combined."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_DISABLE_EXTERNAL_TOKENS_ID))
+               (void) crypt_token_external_disable();
 
-       if (opt_device_size && opt_size)
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Options --device-size and --size cannot be combined."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
-
-       if ((opt_keyslot_cipher && !opt_keyslot_key_size) || (!opt_keyslot_cipher && opt_keyslot_key_size))
-               usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Options --keyslot-cipher and --keyslot-key-size must be used together."),
-                     poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
+       if (ARG_SET(OPT_DISABLE_LOCKS_ID) && crypt_metadata_locking(NULL, 0)) {
+               log_std(_("Cannot disable metadata locking."));
+               r = EXIT_FAILURE;
+       } else {
+               r = run_action(action);
+       }
 
-       r = run_action(action);
        tools_cleanup();
        poptFreeContext(popt_context);
        return r;