special case 'intermixed variable and fixed size fields': fixed reply side, needs...
[profile/ivi/libxcb.git] / src / c_client.py
old mode 100755 (executable)
new mode 100644 (file)
index 7bcf5e7..bf2f34d
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 from xml.etree.cElementTree import *
-from sys import argv
 from os.path import basename
+import getopt
+import sys
 import re
 
 # Jump to the bottom of this file for the main routine
@@ -15,25 +16,20 @@ _extension_special_cases = ['XPrint', 'XCMisc', 'BigRequests']
 _cplusplus_annoyances = {'class' : '_class',
                          'new'   : '_new',
                          'delete': '_delete'}
+_c_keywords = {'default' : '_default'}
 
-_cardinal_types = ['CARD8', 'uint8_t',
-                   'CARD16','uint16_t',
-                   'CARD32','uint32_t',
-                   'INT8', 'int8_t',
-                   'INT16', 'int16_t',
-                   'INT32', 'int32_t',
-                   'BYTE',
-                   'BOOL',
-                   'char',
-                   'void',
-                   'float',
-                   'double']
 _hlines = []
 _hlevel = 0
 _clines = []
 _clevel = 0
 _ns = None
 
+# global variable to keep track of serializers and switch data types
+# due to weird dependencies, I see no way to do this more elegant at the moment
+finished_serializers = []
+finished_sizeof = []
+finished_switch = []
+
 def _h(fmt, *args):
     '''
     Writes the given line to the header file.
@@ -92,6 +88,8 @@ def _cpp(str):
     '''
     if str in _cplusplus_annoyances:
         return _cplusplus_annoyances[str]
+    elif str in _c_keywords:
+        return  _c_keywords[str]
     else:
         return str
 
@@ -146,6 +144,9 @@ def c_open(self):
     _ns = self.namespace
     _ns.c_ext_global_name = _n(_ns.prefix + ('id',))
 
+    # Build the type-name collision avoidance table used by c_enum
+    build_collision_table()
+
     _h_setlevel(0)
     _c_setlevel(0)
 
@@ -166,6 +167,7 @@ def c_open(self):
     _h('')
     _h('#include "xcb.h"')
 
+    _c('#include <stdlib.h>')
     _c('#include <string.h>')
     _c('#include <assert.h>')
     _c('#include "xcbext.h"')
@@ -175,6 +177,12 @@ def c_open(self):
         for (n, h) in self.imports:
             _hc('#include "%s.h"', h)
 
+    _h('')
+    _h('#ifdef __cplusplus')
+    _h('extern "C" {')
+    _h('#endif')
+
+    if _ns.is_ext:
         _h('')
         _h('#define XCB_%s_MAJOR_VERSION %s', _ns.ext_name.upper(), _ns.major_version)
         _h('#define XCB_%s_MINOR_VERSION %s', _ns.ext_name.upper(), _ns.minor_version)
@@ -182,7 +190,7 @@ def c_open(self):
         _h('extern xcb_extension_t %s;', _ns.c_ext_global_name)
 
         _c('')
-        _c('xcb_extension_t %s = { "%s" };', _ns.c_ext_global_name, _ns.ext_xname)
+        _c('xcb_extension_t %s = { "%s", 0 };', _ns.c_ext_global_name, _ns.ext_xname)
 
 def c_close(self):
     '''
@@ -192,6 +200,12 @@ def c_close(self):
     _h_setlevel(2)
     _c_setlevel(2)
     _hc('')
+
+    _h('')
+    _h('#ifdef __cplusplus')
+    _h('}')
+    _h('#endif')
+
     _h('')
     _h('#endif')
     _h('')
@@ -215,13 +229,26 @@ def c_close(self):
             cfile.write('\n')
     cfile.close()
 
+def build_collision_table():
+    global namecount
+    namecount = {}
+
+    for v in module.types.values():
+        name = _t(v[0])
+        namecount[name] = (namecount.get(name) or 0) + 1
+
 def c_enum(self, name):
     '''
     Exported function that handles enum declarations.
     '''
+
+    tname = _t(name)
+    if namecount[tname] > 1:
+        tname = _t(name + ('enum',))
+
     _h_setlevel(0)
     _h('')
-    _h('typedef enum %s {', _t(name))
+    _h('typedef enum %s {', tname)
 
     count = len(self.values)
 
@@ -231,7 +258,7 @@ def c_enum(self, name):
         comma = ',' if count > 0 else ''
         _h('    %s%s%s%s', _n(name + (enam,)).upper(), equals, eval, comma)
 
-    _h('} %s;', _t(name))
+    _h('} %s;', tname)
 
 def _c_type_setup(self, name, postfix):
     '''
@@ -256,7 +283,30 @@ def _c_type_setup(self, name, postfix):
     self.c_reply_type = _t(name + ('reply',))
     self.c_cookie_type = _t(name + ('cookie',))
 
-    if self.is_container:
+    self.need_aux = False
+    self.need_serialize = False
+    self.need_sizeof = False
+
+    self.c_aux_name = _n(name + ('aux',))
+    self.c_aux_checked_name = _n(name + ('aux', 'checked'))
+    self.c_aux_unchecked_name = _n(name + ('aux', 'unchecked'))
+    self.c_serialize_name = _n(name + ('serialize',))
+    self.c_unserialize_name = _n(name + ('unserialize',))
+    self.c_unpack_name = _n(name + ('unpack',))
+    self.c_sizeof_name = _n(name + ('sizeof',))
+
+    # special case: structs where variable size fields are followed by fixed size fields
+    self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields = False
+
+    # whether a request or reply has a switch field    
+    if self.is_switch:
+        self.need_serialize = True
+        self.c_container = 'struct'
+        for bitcase in self.bitcases:
+            bitcase.c_field_name = _cpp(bitcase.field_name)
+            _c_type_setup(bitcase.type, bitcase.field_type, ())
+
+    elif self.is_container:
 
         self.c_container = 'union' if self.is_union else 'struct'
         prev_varsized_field = None
@@ -267,6 +317,10 @@ def _c_type_setup(self, name, postfix):
             _c_type_setup(field.type, field.field_type, ())
             if field.type.is_list:
                 _c_type_setup(field.type.member, field.field_type, ())
+                if (field.type.nmemb is None): 
+#                    if field.type.member.need_serialize:
+#                        self.need_serialize = True
+                    self.need_sizeof = True
 
             field.c_field_type = _t(field.field_type)
             field.c_field_const_type = ('' if field.type.nmemb == 1 else 'const ') + field.c_field_type
@@ -274,10 +328,25 @@ def _c_type_setup(self, name, postfix):
             field.c_subscript = '[%d]' % field.type.nmemb if (field.type.nmemb > 1) else ''
             field.c_pointer = ' ' if field.type.nmemb == 1 else '*'
 
+            # correct the c_pointer field for variable size non-list types
+            if not field.type.fixed_size() and field.c_pointer == ' ':
+                field.c_pointer = '*'
+            if field.type.is_list and not field.type.member.fixed_size():
+                field.c_pointer = '*'
+
+            if field.type.is_switch:
+                field.c_pointer = '*'
+                field.c_field_const_type = 'const ' + field.c_field_type
+                self.need_aux = True
+            elif not field.type.fixed_size() and not field.type.is_bitcase:
+                #self.need_serialize = True
+                self.need_sizeof = True
+
             field.c_iterator_type = _t(field.field_type + ('iterator',))      # xcb_fieldtype_iterator_t
             field.c_iterator_name = _n(name + (field.field_name, 'iterator')) # xcb_container_field_iterator
             field.c_accessor_name = _n(name + (field.field_name,))            # xcb_container_field
             field.c_length_name = _n(name + (field.field_name, 'length'))     # xcb_container_field_length
+
             field.c_end_name = _n(name + (field.field_name, 'end'))           # xcb_container_field_end
 
             field.prev_varsized_field = prev_varsized_field
@@ -289,10 +358,848 @@ def _c_type_setup(self, name, postfix):
 
             if field.type.fixed_size():
                 prev_varsized_offset += field.type.size
+                # special case: intermixed fixed and variable size fields
+                if prev_varsized_field is not None and not field.type.is_pad and field.wire:
+                    if not self.is_union:
+                        self.need_serialize = True
+                        self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields = True
             else:
                 self.last_varsized_field = field
                 prev_varsized_field = field
-                prev_varsized_offset = 0
+                prev_varsized_offset = 0                    
+
+            if self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
+                if field.type.fixed_size():
+                    field.prev_varsized_field = None
+                            
+    if self.need_serialize:
+        # when _unserialize() is wanted, create _sizeof() as well for consistency reasons 
+        self.need_sizeof = True
+
+    # as switch does never appear at toplevel, 
+    # continue here with type construction
+    if self.is_switch:
+        if self.c_type not in finished_switch:
+            finished_switch.append(self.c_type)
+            # special: switch C structs get pointer fields for variable-sized members
+            _c_complex(self)
+            # FIXME: what about accessors & switch (un)packing functions
+            # _c_iterator() does not seem to be the right place to do it, 
+            # as the accessors would need any parameters to pass to _unpack() as well 
+
+    if not self.is_bitcase:
+        if self.need_serialize:
+            if self.c_serialize_name not in finished_serializers:
+                finished_serializers.append(self.c_serialize_name)
+                _c_serialize(self)
+                # _unpack() and _unserialize() are only needed for special cases
+                if self.is_switch or self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
+                    _c_unserialize(self)
+        if self.need_sizeof:
+            if self.c_sizeof_name not in finished_sizeof:
+                finished_sizeof.append(self.c_sizeof_name)
+                _c_sizeof_helper(self)
+# _c_type_setup()
+
+def get_request_fields(self):
+    param_fields = []
+    wire_fields = []
+
+    for field in self.fields:
+        if field.visible:
+            # the field should appear as a parameter in the function call
+            param_fields.append(field)
+        if field.wire and not field.auto:
+            if field.type.fixed_size() and not self.is_switch:
+                # field in the xcb_out structure
+                wire_fields.append(field)
+        # fields like 'pad0' are skipped!
+                    
+    return (param_fields, wire_fields)
+# get_request_fields()
+
+def get_expr_fields(self):
+    # get the fields referenced by switch or list expression
+    def get_expr_field_names(expr):
+        if expr.op is None:
+            if expr.lenfield_name is not None:
+                return [expr.lenfield_name]
+            else:
+                # constant value expr
+                return []
+        else:
+            if expr.op == '~':
+                return get_expr_field_names(expr.rhs)
+            elif expr.op == 'popcount':
+                return get_expr_field_names(expr.rhs)
+            elif expr.op == 'sumof':
+                return [expr.lenfield_name]
+            elif expr.op == 'enumref':
+                return []
+            else:
+                return get_expr_field_names(expr.lhs) + get_expr_field_names(expr.rhs)
+    # get_expr_field_names()
+    
+    # resolve the field names with the parent structure(s)
+    unresolved_fields = get_expr_field_names(self.expr)
+    if unresolved_fields is None:
+        return []
+    expr_fields = dict.fromkeys(unresolved_fields)
+    for p in reversed(self.parent):
+        parent_fields = dict((f.field_name, f) for f in p.fields)
+        for f in parent_fields.keys():
+            if f in unresolved_fields:
+                expr_fields[f] = parent_fields[f]
+                unresolved_fields.remove(f)
+        if len(unresolved_fields) == 0:
+            break
+                
+    if None in expr_fields.values():
+        raise Exception("could not resolve all fields for %s" % self.name)
+
+    params = expr_fields.values()
+    return params
+# get_expr_fields()
+
+def resolve_fields(anchestor, complex_obj=None):
+    """find fields referenced by anchestor or descendents with external scope"""
+    expr_fields = []
+    unresolved = []
+    all_fields = []
+    if complex_obj is None:
+        complex_obj = anchestor
+    for field in complex_obj.fields:
+        all_fields.append(field)
+        if field.type.is_switch or field.type.is_list:
+            expr_fields += get_expr_fields(field.type)
+        if field.type.is_container:
+            expr_fields += resolve_fields(anchestor, field.type)
+    # try to resolve expr fields
+    for e in expr_fields:
+        if e not in all_fields:
+            unresolved.append(e)
+    return unresolved
+# resolve_fields()
+            
+def get_serialize_params(context, self, buffer_var='_buffer', aux_var='_aux'):
+    def add_param(params, param):
+        if param not in params:
+            params.append(param)
+
+    param_fields, wire_fields = get_request_fields(self)
+    if self.is_switch:
+        param_fields = get_expr_fields(self)
+
+    # _serialize function parameters
+    # cannot use set() for params, as series is important
+    params = []
+    if  'serialize' == context:
+        params.append(('void', '**', buffer_var))
+    elif context in ('unserialize', 'unpack', 'sizeof'):
+        params.append(('const void', '*', buffer_var))
+
+    # look for special cases
+    unresolved_fields = resolve_fields(self)
+    for f in unresolved_fields:
+        add_param(params, (f.c_field_type, '', f.c_field_name))
+
+    # make sure all required length fields are present
+    for p in param_fields:
+        if p.visible and not p.wire and not p.auto:
+            typespec = p.c_field_type
+            pointerspec = ''
+            add_param(params, (typespec, pointerspec, p.c_field_name))
+
+    # parameter fields if any
+    if self.is_switch:
+        for p in get_expr_fields(self):
+            typespec = p.c_field_const_type
+            pointerspec = p.c_pointer 
+            add_param(params, (typespec, pointerspec, p.c_field_name))
+  
+    # aux argument - structure to be serialized
+    if 'serialize' == context:
+        add_param(params, ('const %s' % self.c_type, '*', aux_var))
+    elif 'unserialize' == context: 
+        add_param(params, ('%s' % self.c_type, '**', aux_var))
+    elif 'unpack' == context:
+        add_param(params, ('%s' % self.c_type, '*', aux_var))
+
+    if not self.is_switch and 'serialize' == context:
+        for p in param_fields:
+            if not p.type.fixed_size():
+                add_param(params, (p.c_field_const_type, '*', p.c_field_name))
+    return (param_fields, wire_fields, params)
+# get_serialize_params()
+
+def _c_serialize_helper_prefix(prefix, aux_var='_aux', aux_sep='->'):
+    # prefix is a list of (field_name, anchestor object) tuples
+    # concatenate field names
+    prefix_str = ''
+    for name, sep, obj in prefix:
+        prefix_str += name
+        if sep == '':
+            sep = '.' if (obj.is_bitcase and obj.has_name) else '->'
+        prefix_str += sep
+        
+    lenfield_prefix = '' if prefix_str.find(aux_var)==0 else aux_var
+
+    if prefix_str != '':
+        if lenfield_prefix != '':
+            lenfield_prefix += aux_sep
+        lenfield_prefix += prefix_str
+    return (prefix_str, lenfield_prefix)
+# _c_serialize_helper_prefix
+
+def _c_field_mapping(context, complex_type, prefix):
+    def get_prefix(field, prefix):
+        prefix_str, lenfield_prefix = _c_serialize_helper_prefix(prefix)
+        if prefix_str == '':
+            if context in ('serialize', 'unserialize'):
+                if field.type.fixed_size() or complex_type.is_switch:
+                    prefix_str = '_aux->'
+            else:
+                raise Exception("unknown context '%s' in c_field_mapping" % context)
+        return prefix_str
+    # get_prefix()
+    def get_field_name(fields, complex_type, prefix):
+        for f in complex_type.fields:
+            prefix_str = get_prefix(f, prefix)
+
+            fname = "%s%s" % (prefix_str, f.c_field_name)
+            if fields.has_key(f.field_name):
+                raise Exception("field name %s has been registered before" % f.field_name)
+            fields[f.field_name] = (fname, f)
+            if f.type.is_container:
+                get_field_name(fields, f.type, prefix+[(f.c_field_name, '', f.type)])
+    # get_field_name()
+
+    # dict(field_name : (c_field_name, field))
+    fields = {}
+    get_field_name(fields, complex_type, prefix)
+    
+    # switch: get the fields referenced by the switch expr as well
+    #         these may not belong to any structure
+    if complex_type.is_switch:
+        pass
+#       FIXME: fields += get_serialize_params(context, complex_type)
+
+    return fields
+# _c_field_mapping()
+
+def _c_serialize_helper_insert_padding(context, code_lines, space):
+    code_lines.append('%s    xcb_buffer_len += xcb_block_len;' % space)
+    code_lines.append('%s    /* padding */' % space)
+    code_lines.append('%s    xcb_pad = -xcb_block_len & 3;' % space)
+    code_lines.append('%s    if (0 != xcb_pad) {' % space)
+
+    if 'serialize' == context:
+        code_lines.append('%s        xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_base = xcb_pad0;' % space)
+        code_lines.append('%s        xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_len = xcb_pad;' % space)
+        code_lines.append('%s        xcb_parts_idx++;' % space)
+    elif context in ('unserialize', 'unpack', 'sizeof'):
+        code_lines.append('%s        xcb_tmp += xcb_pad;' % space)
+
+    code_lines.append('%s        xcb_buffer_len += xcb_pad;' % space)    
+    code_lines.append('%s        xcb_pad = 0;' % space)
+    code_lines.append('%s    }' % space)
+    code_lines.append('%s    xcb_block_len = 0;' % space)
+    
+    return 1
+# _c_serialize_helper_insert_padding()
+
+def _c_serialize_helper_switch(context, self, complex_name, 
+                               code_lines, temp_vars, 
+                               space, prefix):
+    count = 0
+    switch_prefix = prefix + [(complex_name, '->', self)]
+    prefix_str, lenfield_prefix = _c_serialize_helper_prefix(switch_prefix)
+    switch_expr = _c_accessor_get_expr(self.expr)
+    
+    for b in self.bitcases:            
+        bitcase_expr = _c_accessor_get_expr(b.type.expr, prefix_str)
+        code_lines.append('    if(%s & %s) {' % (switch_expr, bitcase_expr))
+        code_lines.append('        printf("entering bitcase section for %%%%d...\\n", %s);' % bitcase_expr)
+        b_prefix = switch_prefix
+        if b.type.has_name:
+            b_prefix = switch_prefix + [(b.c_field_name, '.', b.type)]
+        count += _c_serialize_helper_fields(context, b.type, 
+                                            code_lines, temp_vars, 
+                                            "%s    " % space, 
+                                            b_prefix, 
+                                            is_bitcase = True)
+        code_lines.append('    }')
+
+    if 'serialize' == context:
+        count += _c_serialize_helper_insert_padding(context, code_lines, space)
+    if context in ('unserialize', 'unpack', 'sizeof'):
+        # padding
+        code_lines.append('%s    xcb_pad = -xcb_block_len & 3;' % space)
+        code_lines.append('%s    xcb_buffer_len += xcb_block_len + xcb_pad;' % space)
+    
+    return count
+# _c_serialize_helper_switch
+
+def _c_serialize_helper_switch_field(context, self, field, c_switch_variable, prefix):
+    # switch is handled by this function as a special case
+    param_fields, wire_fields, params = get_serialize_params(context, self)
+    args = get_expr_fields(field.type)
+    field_mapping = _c_field_mapping(context, self, prefix)
+    prefix_str, lenfield_prefix = _c_serialize_helper_prefix(prefix)
+
+    # determine which params to pass to _unserialize() and their prefixes
+    switch_len_fields = resolve_fields(self, field.type)
+    bitcase_unresolved = resolve_fields(self, self)
+    if len(bitcase_unresolved) != 0:
+        raise Exception('unresolved fields within bitcase is not supported at this point')
+    c_field_names = ''
+    for a in switch_len_fields:
+        c_field_names += "%s, " % field_mapping[a.c_field_name][0]
+    for a in args:
+        c_field_names += "%s, " % field_mapping[a.c_field_name][0]
+
+    # call _serialize()/_unpack() to determine the actual size
+    if 'serialize' == context:
+        length = "%s(&%s, %s&%s%s)" % (field.type.c_serialize_name, c_switch_variable,
+                                       c_field_names, prefix_str, field.c_field_name) 
+    elif context in ('unserialize', 'unpack'):
+        length = "%s(xcb_tmp, %s&%s%s)" % (field.type.c_unpack_name, 
+                                           c_field_names, prefix_str, field.c_field_name)
+    return length
+# _c_serialize_helper_switch_field()
+
+def _c_serialize_helper_list_field(context, self, field, 
+                                   code_lines, temp_vars, 
+                                   space, prefix):
+    """
+    helper function for (un)serialize to cope with lists of variable length
+    """
+    expr = field.type.expr
+    prefix_str, lenfield_prefix = _c_serialize_helper_prefix(prefix)
+    param_fields, wire_fields, params = get_serialize_params('sizeof', self)
+    param_names = [p[2] for p in params]
+
+    # look if the list's lenfield is a struct member or a function argument
+    # special case: if the list has a length field, its name will be returned 
+    # unchanged by calling c_accessor_get_length(expr)
+    if expr.lenfield_name == _c_accessor_get_length(expr):
+        if expr.lenfield_name in param_names:
+            # the length field appears as separate argument in unserialize, 
+            # so no need for a prefix
+            lenfield_prefix = ''
+    sep = '.' if (self.is_bitcase and self.has_name) else '->'
+    
+    # special case: unserializing of structs where variable and 
+    # fixed size fields are intermixed
+    if self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields and 'unserialize' == context:
+        if lenfield_prefix == '_aux':
+            lenfield_prefix = 'xcb_out'
+            sep = '.'
+
+    list_length = _c_accessor_get_expr(expr, lenfield_prefix, sep)
+    
+    # default: list with fixed size elements
+    length = '%s * sizeof(%s)' % (list_length, field.type.member.c_wiretype)
+    # list with variable-sized elements 
+    if not field.type.member.fixed_size():
+        length = ''
+        if context in ('unserialize', 'sizeof', 'unpack'):
+            int_i = '    unsigned int i;'
+            xcb_tmp_len = '    unsigned int xcb_tmp_len;'
+            if int_i not in temp_vars:
+                temp_vars.append(int_i)
+            if xcb_tmp_len not in temp_vars:
+                temp_vars.append(xcb_tmp_len)
+            code_lines.append("%s    for(i=0; i<%s; i++) {" % (space, list_length))
+            code_lines.append("%s        xcb_tmp_len = %s(xcb_tmp);" % 
+                              (space, field.type.c_sizeof_name))
+            code_lines.append("%s        xcb_block_len += xcb_tmp_len;" % space)
+            code_lines.append("%s        xcb_tmp += xcb_tmp_len;" % space)
+            code_lines.append("%s    }" % space)                        
+        elif 'serialize' == context:
+            code_lines.append('%s    xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_len = 0;' % space)
+            code_lines.append('%s    xcb_tmp = (char *) %s%s;' % (space, prefix_str, field.c_field_name))
+            code_lines.append('%s    for(i=0; i<%s; i++) { ' 
+                              % (space, _c_accessor_get_expr(expr, lenfield_prefix, sep)))
+            code_lines.append('%s        xcb_block_len = %s(xcb_tmp);' % (space, field.type.c_sizeof_name))
+            code_lines.append('%s        xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_len += xcb_block_len;' % space)
+            code_lines.append('%s    }' % space)
+            code_lines.append('%s    xcb_block_len = xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_len;' % space)
+            
+    return length
+# _c_serialize_helper_list_field()
+
+def _c_serialize_helper_fields_fixed_size(context, self, field, 
+                                          code_lines, temp_vars, 
+                                          space, prefix):
+    if not self.is_bitcase:
+        code_lines.append('%s    /* %s.%s */' % (space, self.c_type, field.c_field_name))
+    else:
+        scoped_name = [p[2].c_type if idx==0 else p[0] for idx, p in enumerate(prefix)]
+        typename = reduce(lambda x,y: "%s.%s" % (x, y), scoped_name)
+        code_lines.append('%s    /* %s.%s */' % (space, typename, field.c_field_name))
+    prefix_str, lenfield_prefix = _c_serialize_helper_prefix(prefix)
+
+    length = "sizeof(%s)" % field.c_field_type
+
+    if context in ('unserialize', 'unpack', 'sizeof'):
+        value = '    %s%s = *(%s *)xcb_tmp;' % (prefix_str, field.c_field_name, field.c_field_type) 
+        if field.type.is_pad and field.type.nmemb > 1:
+            value = ''
+            for i in range(field.type.nmemb):
+                code_lines.append('%s    %s%s[%d] = *(%s *)xcb_tmp;' % 
+                                  (space, prefix_str, field.c_field_name, i, field.c_field_type)) 
+            length += " * %d" % field.type.nmemb
+
+        if field.type.is_list:
+            raise Exception('list with fixed number of elemens unhandled in _unserialize()')
+    elif 'serialize' == context:
+        value = '    xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_base = (char *) ' 
+
+        if field.type.is_expr:
+            # need to register a temporary variable for the expression
+            if field.type.c_type is None:
+                raise Exception("type for field '%s' (expression '%s') unkown" % 
+                                (field.field_name, _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr)))
+            temp_vars.append('    %s xcb_expr_%s = %s;' % (field.type.c_type, field.field_name, 
+                                                           _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, prefix)))
+            value += "&xcb_expr_%s;" % field.field_name 
+
+        elif field.type.is_pad:
+            if field.type.nmemb == 1:
+                value += "&xcb_pad;"
+            else:
+                # FIXME - possible segmentation fault!!
+                value = '    memset(xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_base, 0, %d);' % field.type.nmemb
+                length += "*%d" % field.type.nmemb
+
+        else:
+            # non-list type with fixed size
+            if field.type.nmemb == 1:
+                value += "&%s%s;" % (prefix_str, field.c_field_name)
+            # list with nmemb (fixed size) elements
+            else:
+                value += '%s%s;' % (prefix_str, field.c_field_name)
+                length = '%d' % field.type.nmemb
+
+    return (value, length)
+# _c_serialize_helper_fields_fixed_size()
+
+def _c_serialize_helper_fields_variable_size(context, self, field, 
+                                             code_lines, temp_vars, 
+                                             space, prefix):
+    prefix_str, lenfield_prefix = _c_serialize_helper_prefix(prefix)
+
+    if context in ('unserialize', 'unpack', 'sizeof'):
+        value = ''
+        var_field_name = 'xcb_tmp'
+        if self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields and 'unserialize' == context:
+            value = '    %s = xcb_tmp;' % field.c_field_name
+            temp_vars.append('    %s *%s;' % (field.type.c_type, field.c_field_name))
+        if 'unpack' == context:
+            value = '    %s%s = (%s *)xcb_tmp;' % (prefix_str, field.c_field_name, field.c_field_type)
+    elif 'serialize' == context:
+        address_of = '&' if (self.is_bitcase and self.has_name) else ''
+        var_field_name = "%s%s%s" % (address_of, prefix_str, field.c_field_name)
+        value = '    xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_base = (char *) %s;' % var_field_name
+    length = ''
+
+    prefix_str, lenfield_prefix = _c_serialize_helper_prefix(prefix)
+    code_lines.append('%s    /* %s */' % (space, field.c_field_name))
+
+    if field.type.is_list:
+        if value != '':
+            code_lines.append("%s%s" % (space, value))
+            value = ''
+        length = _c_serialize_helper_list_field(context, self, field, 
+                                                code_lines, temp_vars, 
+                                                space, prefix)
+    elif field.type.is_switch:
+        value = ''
+        if context == 'serialize':
+            value = '    xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_base = (char *)0;'
+        length = _c_serialize_helper_switch_field(context, self, field, 'xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_base', prefix)
+    else:
+        length = "%s(%s)" % (field.type.c_sizeof_name, var_field_name)
+
+    return (value, length)
+# _c_serialize_helper_fields_variable_size
+
+def _c_serialize_helper_fields(context, self, 
+                               code_lines, temp_vars, 
+                               space, prefix, is_bitcase):
+    count = 0
+    need_padding = False
+    prev_field_was_variable = False
+
+    for field in self.fields:
+        if not ((field.wire and not field.auto) or field.visible):
+            continue
+
+        # switch/bitcase: fixed size fields must be considered explicitly 
+        if field.type.fixed_size():
+            if self.is_bitcase or self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
+                if prev_field_was_variable and need_padding:
+                    # insert padding
+                    _c_serialize_helper_insert_padding(context, code_lines, space)
+                    prev_field_was_variable = False
+                fixed_prefix = prefix
+                if self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields and len(prefix)==0:
+                    if 'unserialize' == context:
+                        fixed_prefix = [('xcb_out', '.', self)]
+                    else:
+                        fixed_prefix = [('_aux', '->', self)]
+                value, length = _c_serialize_helper_fields_fixed_size(context, self, field, 
+                                                                      code_lines, temp_vars, 
+                                                                      space, fixed_prefix)
+            else:
+                continue
+
+        # fields with variable size
+        else:
+            # switch/bitcase: always calculate padding before and after variable sized fields
+            if need_padding or is_bitcase:
+                _c_serialize_helper_insert_padding(context, code_lines, space)
+
+            value, length = _c_serialize_helper_fields_variable_size(context, self, field, 
+                                                                     code_lines, temp_vars, 
+                                                                     space, prefix)
+
+            prev_field_was_variable = True
+                
+        # save (un)serialization C code
+        if '' != value:
+            code_lines.append('%s%s' % (space, value))    
+        if field.type.fixed_size() and is_bitcase:
+            code_lines.append('%s    xcb_block_len += %s;' % (space, length))
+            if context in ('unserialize', 'unpack', 'sizeof'):
+                code_lines.append('%s    xcb_tmp += %s;' % (space, length))
+        else:
+            # padding
+            if '' != length:
+                code_lines.append('%s    xcb_block_len = %s;' % (space, length))
+                if (not field.type.fixed_size() and 
+                    self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields and 'unserialize' == context):
+                    temp_vars.append('    int %s_len;' % field.c_field_name)
+                    code_lines.append('    %s_len = xcb_block_len;' % field.c_field_name)
+                if context in ('unserialize', 'sizeof', 'unpack'):
+                    code_lines.append('%s    xcb_tmp += xcb_block_len;' % space)
+        if 'serialize' == context:
+            if '' != length:
+                code_lines.append('%s    xcb_parts[xcb_parts_idx].iov_len = xcb_block_len;' % space)
+            code_lines.append('%s    xcb_parts_idx++;' % space)
+            count += 1
+        need_padding = True
+        
+    return count
+# _c_serialize_helper_fields()    
+
+def _c_serialize_helper(context, complex_type, 
+                        code_lines, temp_vars, 
+                        space='', prefix=[]):
+    count = 0
+    if hasattr(complex_type, 'type'):
+        self = complex_type.type
+        complex_name = complex_type.name
+    else:
+        self = complex_type
+        if self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields and 'unserialize' == context:
+            complex_name = 'xcb_out'
+        else:
+            complex_name = '_aux'
+    
+    # special case: switch is serialized by evaluating each bitcase separately
+    if self.is_switch:
+        count += _c_serialize_helper_switch(context, self, complex_name, 
+                                            code_lines, temp_vars, 
+                                            space, prefix)
+
+    # all other data types can be evaluated one field a time
+    else: 
+        # unserialize & fixed size fields: simply cast the buffer to the respective xcb_out type
+        if context in ('unserialize', 'unpack', 'sizeof') and not self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
+            code_lines.append('%s    xcb_block_len += sizeof(%s);' % (space, self.c_type))
+            code_lines.append('%s    xcb_tmp += xcb_block_len;' % space)
+            _c_serialize_helper_insert_padding(context, code_lines, space)
+            
+        count += _c_serialize_helper_fields(context, self, 
+                                            code_lines, temp_vars, 
+                                            space, prefix, False)
+        # "final padding"
+        count += _c_serialize_helper_insert_padding(context, code_lines, space)
+
+    return count    
+# _c_serialize_helper()
+
+def _c_serialize(self):
+    _h_setlevel(1)
+    _c_setlevel(1)
+
+    _hc('')
+    # _serialize() returns the buffer size
+    _hc('int')
+
+    variable_size_fields = 0
+    # maximum space required for type definition of function arguments
+    maxtypelen = 0
+    param_fields, wire_fields, params = get_serialize_params('serialize', self)
+
+    # determine N(variable_fields) 
+    for field in param_fields:
+        # if self.is_switch, treat all fields as if they are variable sized
+        if not field.type.fixed_size() or self.is_switch:
+            variable_size_fields += 1
+    # determine maxtypelen
+    for p in params:
+        maxtypelen = max(maxtypelen, len(p[0]) + len(p[1]))    
+
+    # write to .c/.h
+    for idx, p in enumerate(params):
+        line = ""
+        typespec, pointerspec, field_name = p
+        indent = ' '*(len(self.c_serialize_name)+2)
+        # p==0: function declaration
+        if 0==idx:
+            line = "%s (" % self.c_serialize_name
+            indent = ''
+        spacing = ' '*(maxtypelen-len(typespec)-len(pointerspec))
+        line += "%s%s%s  %s%s  /**< */" % (indent, typespec, spacing, pointerspec, field_name)
+        if idx < len(params)-1:
+            _hc("%s," % line)
+        else:
+            _h("%s);" % line)
+            _c("%s)" % line)
+                
+    _c('{')
+    if not self.is_switch:
+        _c('    %s *xcb_out = *_buffer;', self.c_type)
+        _c('    unsigned int xcb_out_pad = -sizeof(%s) & 3;', self.c_type)
+        _c('    unsigned int xcb_buffer_len = sizeof(%s) + xcb_out_pad;', self.c_type)
+    else:
+        _c('    char *xcb_out = *_buffer;')
+        _c('    unsigned int xcb_buffer_len = 0;')
+    if variable_size_fields > 0:        
+        code_lines = []
+        temp_vars = []
+        count = _c_serialize_helper('serialize', self, 
+                                    code_lines, temp_vars)
+        # update variable size fields 
+        variable_size_fields = count
+        temp_vars.append('    unsigned int xcb_pad = 0;')
+        temp_vars.append('    char xcb_pad0[3] = {0, 0, 0};') 
+        temp_vars.append('    struct iovec xcb_parts[%d];' % count)
+        temp_vars.append('    unsigned int xcb_parts_idx = 0;')
+        temp_vars.append('    unsigned int xcb_block_len = 0;')
+        temp_vars.append('    unsigned int i;')
+        temp_vars.append('    char *xcb_tmp;')
+        for t in temp_vars:
+            _c(t)
+
+    _c('')
+    
+    if variable_size_fields > 0:        
+        for l in code_lines:
+            _c(l)
+    _c('')
+
+    # variable sized fields have been collected, now
+    # allocate memory and copy everything into a continuous memory area
+    _c('    if (NULL == xcb_out) {')
+    _c('        /* allocate memory  */')
+    _c('        *_buffer = malloc(xcb_buffer_len);')
+    _c('        xcb_out = *_buffer;')
+    _c('    }')
+    _c('')
+
+    # fill in struct members
+    if not self.is_switch:
+        if len(wire_fields)>0:
+            _c('    *xcb_out = *_aux;')
+
+    # copy variable size fields into the buffer
+    if variable_size_fields > 0:
+        # xcb_out padding
+        if not self.is_switch:
+            _c('    xcb_tmp = (char*)++xcb_out;')
+            _c('    xcb_tmp += xcb_out_pad;')
+        else:
+            _c('    xcb_tmp = xcb_out;')
+            
+        # variable sized fields
+        _c('    for(i=0; i<xcb_parts_idx; i++) {')
+        _c('        memcpy(xcb_tmp, xcb_parts[i].iov_base, xcb_parts[i].iov_len);')
+        _c('        xcb_tmp += xcb_parts[i].iov_len;')
+        _c('    }')
+    _c('')
+    _c('    return xcb_buffer_len;')
+    _c('}')
+# _c_serialize()
+
+def _c_unserialize(self):
+    _h_setlevel(1)
+    _c_setlevel(1)
+
+    # _unserialize()
+    _hc('')
+    # _unserialize() returns the buffer size as well
+    _hc('int')
+
+
+    variable_size_fields = 0
+    # maximum space required for type definition of function arguments
+    maxtypelen = 0
+    if self.is_switch:
+        context = 'unpack'
+        func_name = self.c_unpack_name
+    else:
+        context = 'unserialize'
+        func_name = self.c_unserialize_name
+    param_fields, wire_fields, params = get_serialize_params(context, self)
+
+    # determine N(variable_fields) 
+    for field in param_fields:
+        # if self.is_switch, treat all fields as if they are variable sized
+        if not field.type.fixed_size() or self.is_switch:
+            variable_size_fields += 1
+    # determine maxtypelen
+    for p in params:
+        maxtypelen = max(maxtypelen, len(p[0]) + len(p[1]))    
+
+    # write to .c/.h
+    for idx, p in enumerate(params):
+        line = ""
+        typespec, pointerspec, field_name = p
+        indent = ' '*(len(func_name)+2)
+        # p==0: function declaration
+        if 0==idx:
+            line = "%s (" % func_name
+            indent = ''
+        spacing = ' '*(maxtypelen-len(typespec)-len(pointerspec))
+        line += "%s%s%s %s%s  /**< */" % (indent, typespec, spacing, pointerspec, field_name)
+        if idx < len(params)-1:
+            _hc("%s," % line)
+        else:
+            _h("%s);" % line)
+            _c("%s)" % line)
+                
+    _c('{')
+    _c('    char *xcb_tmp = (char *)_buffer;')
+    if not self.is_switch:
+        if not self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
+            _c('    const %s *_aux = (%s *)_buffer;', self.c_type, self.c_type)
+        else:
+            _c('    %s xcb_out;', self.c_type)
+    _c('    unsigned int xcb_buffer_len = 0;')
+    _c('    unsigned int xcb_block_len = 0;')
+    _c('    unsigned int xcb_pad = 0;')
+
+    code_lines = []
+    temp_vars = []
+    _c_serialize_helper(context, self, 
+                        code_lines, temp_vars)
+    for t in temp_vars:
+        _c(t)
+    _c('')
+
+    for l in code_lines:
+        _c(l)
+    _c('')
+
+    if 'unserialize' == context:
+        # allocate memory automatically
+        _c('    if (NULL == *_aux) {')
+        _c('        /* allocate memory */')
+        _c('        *_aux = malloc(xcb_buffer_len);')
+        _c('    }')
+        _c('')
+        _c('    **_aux = xcb_out;')
+        _c('    xcb_tmp = (char *)++(*_aux);')
+        for field in param_fields:
+            if not field.type.fixed_size():
+                _c('    memcpy(xcb_tmp, %s, %s_len);', field.c_field_name, field.c_field_name)
+                _c('    xcb_tmp += %s_len;', field.c_field_name)
+        _c('')
+
+    _c('    return xcb_buffer_len;')
+    _c('}')
+# _c_unserialize()
+
+def _c_sizeof_helper(self):
+    _h_setlevel(1)
+    _c_setlevel(1)
+
+    # _unserialize()
+    _hc('')
+    # _unserialize() returns the buffer size as well
+    _hc('int')
+
+    variable_size_fields = 0
+    # maximum space required for type definition of function arguments
+    maxtypelen = 0
+    param_fields, wire_fields, params = get_serialize_params('sizeof', self)
+
+    # determine N(variable_fields) 
+    for field in param_fields:
+        # if self.is_switch, treat all fields as if they are variable sized
+        if not field.type.fixed_size() or self.is_switch:
+            variable_size_fields += 1
+    # determine maxtypelen
+    for p in params:
+        maxtypelen = max(maxtypelen, len(p[0]) + len(p[1]))    
+
+    # write to .c/.h
+    for idx, p in enumerate(params):
+        line = ""
+        typespec, pointerspec, field_name = p
+        indent = ' '*(len(self.c_sizeof_name)+2)
+        # p==0: function declaration
+        if 0==idx:
+            line = "%s (" % self.c_sizeof_name
+            indent = ''
+        spacing = ' '*(maxtypelen-len(typespec)-len(pointerspec))
+        line += "%s%s%s %s%s  /**< */" % (indent, typespec, spacing, pointerspec, field_name)
+        if idx < len(params)-1:
+            _hc("%s," % line)
+        else:
+            _h("%s);" % line)
+            _c("%s)" % line)
+                
+    _c('{')
+
+    param_names = [p[2] for p in params]
+    if self.is_switch:
+        # switch: call _unpack()
+        _c('    %s _aux;', self.c_type)
+        _c('    return %s(%s, &_aux);', self.c_unpack_name, reduce(lambda x,y: "%s, %s" % (x, y), param_names))
+    elif self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
+        # special case: call _unserialize()
+        _c('    %s *_aux = NULL;', self.c_type)
+        _c('    return %s(%s, &_aux);', self.c_unserialize_name, reduce(lambda x,y: "%s, %s" % (x, y), param_names))
+    # otherwise: evaluate parameters directly
+    else:
+        code_lines = []
+        temp_vars = []
+        _c_serialize_helper('sizeof', self, 
+                            code_lines, temp_vars)
+        _c('    char *xcb_tmp = (char *)_buffer;')
+        if len(filter(lambda x: x.find('_aux')!=-1, code_lines))>0: 
+            if not self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
+                _c('    const %s *_aux = (%s *)_buffer;', self.c_type, self.c_type)
+            else:
+                _c('    %s *_aux = malloc(sizeof(%s));', self.c_type, self.c_type)
+        _c('    unsigned int xcb_buffer_len = 0;')
+        _c('    unsigned int xcb_block_len = 0;')
+        _c('    unsigned int xcb_pad = 0;')
+        for t in temp_vars:
+            _c(t)
+        _c('')
+        
+        for l in code_lines:
+            _c(l)
+        _c('')
+        _c('    return xcb_buffer_len;')
+    _c('}')
+# _c_sizeof_helper()
 
 def _c_iterator_get_end(field, accum):
     '''
@@ -306,7 +1213,7 @@ def _c_iterator_get_end(field, accum):
         return _c_iterator_get_end(field.type.last_varsized_field, accum)
     if field.type.is_list:
         # XXX we can always use the first way
-        if field.type.c_type in _cardinal_types:
+        if field.type.member.is_simple:
             return field.c_end_name + '(' + accum + ')'
         else:
             return field.type.member.c_end_name + '(' + field.c_iterator_name + '(' + accum + '))'
@@ -355,10 +1262,14 @@ def _c_iterator(self, name):
 
     if not self.fixed_size():
         _c('    %s *R = i->data;', self.c_type)
-        _c('    xcb_generic_iterator_t child = %s;', _c_iterator_get_end(self.last_varsized_field, 'R'))
-        _c('    --i->rem;')
-        _c('    i->data = (%s *) child.data;', self.c_type)
-        _c('    i->index = child.index;')
+        if self.is_union:
+            # FIXME - how to determine the size of a variable size union??
+            _c('    /* FIXME - determine the size of the union %s */', self.c_type)
+        else:
+            _c('    xcb_generic_iterator_t child = %s;', _c_iterator_get_end(self.last_varsized_field, 'R'))
+            _c('    --i->rem;')
+            _c('    i->data = (%s *) child.data;', self.c_type)
+            _c('    i->index = child.index;')
     else:
         _c('    --i->rem;')
         _c('    ++i->data;')
@@ -407,32 +1318,68 @@ def _c_iterator(self, name):
     _c('    return ret;')
     _c('}')
 
-def _c_accessor_get_length(expr, prefix=''):
+def _c_accessor_get_length(expr, prefix='', sep='->'):
     '''
     Figures out what C code is needed to get a length field.
     For fields that follow a variable-length field, use the accessor.
     Otherwise, just reference the structure field directly.
     '''
-    prefarrow = '' if prefix == '' else prefix + '->'
-
+    prefarrow = '' if prefix == '' else prefix + sep
+    
     if expr.lenfield != None and expr.lenfield.prev_varsized_field != None:
-        return expr.lenfield.c_accessor_name + '(' + prefix + ')'
+        # special case: variable and fixed size fields are intermixed
+        # if the lenfield is among the fixed size fields, there is no need
+        # to call a special accessor function!
+        retval = expr.lenfield.c_accessor_name + '(' + prefix + ')'
+        if prefix in ('', '_aux', 'xcb_out'):
+            prefix_str = '' if prefix=='' else '%s' % (prefarrow)
+            retval = '%s%s' % (prefix_str, expr.lenfield_name)
+        return retval
     elif expr.lenfield_name != None:
-        return prefarrow + expr.lenfield_name
+        if prefix.endswith(sep):
+            return prefix + expr.lenfield_name
+        else:
+            return prefarrow + expr.lenfield_name
     else:
         return str(expr.nmemb)
 
-def _c_accessor_get_expr(expr, prefix=''):
+def _c_accessor_get_expr(expr, prefix='', sep='->'):
     '''
     Figures out what C code is needed to get the length of a list field.
     Recurses for math operations.
     Returns bitcount for value-mask fields.
     Otherwise, uses the value of the length field.
     '''
-    lenexp = _c_accessor_get_length(expr, prefix)
-
-    if expr.op != None:
-        return '(' + _c_accessor_get_expr(expr.lhs, prefix) + ' ' + expr.op + ' ' + _c_accessor_get_expr(expr.rhs, prefix) + ')'
+    lenexp = _c_accessor_get_length(expr, prefix, sep)
+
+    if expr.op == '~':
+        return '(' + '~' + _c_accessor_get_expr(expr.rhs, prefix, sep) + ')'
+    elif expr.op == 'popcount':
+        return 'xcb_popcount(' + _c_accessor_get_expr(expr.rhs, prefix, sep) + ')'
+    elif expr.op == 'enumref':
+        enum_name = expr.lenfield_type.name
+        constant_name = expr.lenfield_name
+        c_name = _n(enum_name + (constant_name,)).upper()
+        return c_name
+    elif expr.op == 'sumof':
+        # 1. locate the referenced list object
+        list_obj = expr.lenfield_type
+        field = None
+        for f in expr.lenfield_parent.fields:
+            if f.field_name == expr.lenfield_name:
+                field = f
+                break
+        if field is None:
+            raise Exception("list field '%s' referenced by sumof not found" % expr.lenfield_name)
+        if prefix != '' and not prefix.endswith(sep):
+            prefix += sep
+        list_name = "%s%s" % (prefix, field.c_field_name)
+        c_length_func = "%s(%s%s)" % (field.c_length_name, prefix, field.c_field_name)
+        # FIXME - works only for integers this way!!
+        c_length_func = _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, prefix='', sep='')
+        return 'xcb_sumof(%s, %s)' % (list_name, c_length_func)
+    elif expr.op != None:
+        return '(' + _c_accessor_get_expr(expr.lhs, prefix, sep) + ' ' + expr.op + ' ' + _c_accessor_get_expr(expr.rhs, prefix, sep) + ')'
     elif expr.bitfield:
         return 'xcb_popcount(' + lenexp + ')'
     else:
@@ -442,7 +1389,7 @@ def _c_accessors_field(self, field):
     '''
     Declares the accessor functions for a non-list field that follows a variable-length field.
     '''
-    if field.field_type[0] in _cardinal_types:
+    if field.type.is_simple:
         _hc('')
         _hc('')
         _hc('/*****************************************************************************')
@@ -458,8 +1405,12 @@ def _c_accessors_field(self, field):
         _h('%s (const %s *R  /**< */);', field.c_accessor_name, self.c_type)
         _c('%s (const %s *R  /**< */)', field.c_accessor_name, self.c_type)
         _c('{')
-        _c('    xcb_generic_iterator_t prev = %s;', _c_iterator_get_end(field.prev_varsized_field, 'R'))
-        _c('    return * (%s *) ((char *) prev.data + XCB_TYPE_PAD(%s, prev.index) + %d);', field.c_field_type, field.first_field_after_varsized.type.c_type, field.prev_varsized_offset)
+        if field.prev_varsized_field is None:
+            _c('    return (%s *) (R + 1);', field.c_field_type)
+        else:
+            _c('    xcb_generic_iterator_t prev = %s;', _c_iterator_get_end(field.prev_varsized_field, 'R'))
+            _c('    return * (%s *) ((char *) prev.data + XCB_TYPE_PAD(%s, prev.index) + %d);', 
+               field.c_field_type, field.first_field_after_varsized.type.c_type, field.prev_varsized_offset)
         _c('}')
     else:
         _hc('')
@@ -473,12 +1424,24 @@ def _c_accessors_field(self, field):
         _hc(' **')
         _hc(' *****************************************************************************/')
         _hc(' ')
-        _hc('%s *', field.c_field_type)
+        if field.type.is_switch:
+            return_type = 'void *'
+        else:
+            return_type = '%s *' % field.c_field_type
+
+        _hc(return_type)
         _h('%s (const %s *R  /**< */);', field.c_accessor_name, self.c_type)
         _c('%s (const %s *R  /**< */)', field.c_accessor_name, self.c_type)
         _c('{')
-        _c('    xcb_generic_iterator_t prev = %s;', _c_iterator_get_end(field.prev_varsized_field, 'R'))
-        _c('    return (%s *) ((char *) prev.data + XCB_TYPE_PAD(%s, prev.index) + %d);', field.c_field_type, field.first_field_after_varsized.type.c_type, field.prev_varsized_offset)
+        if field.prev_varsized_field is None:
+            _c('    return (%s) (R + 1);', return_type)
+            # note: the special case 'variable fields followed by fixed size fields'
+            #       is not of any consequence here, since the ordering gets 
+            #       'corrected' in the reply function
+        else:
+            _c('    xcb_generic_iterator_t prev = %s;', _c_iterator_get_end(field.prev_varsized_field, 'R'))
+            _c('    return (%s) ((char *) prev.data + XCB_TYPE_PAD(%s, prev.index) + %d);', 
+               return_type, field.first_field_after_varsized.type.c_type, field.prev_varsized_offset)
         _c('}')
     
 def _c_accessors_list(self, field):
@@ -508,7 +1471,7 @@ def _c_accessors_list(self, field):
         _c('%s (const %s *R  /**< */)', field.c_accessor_name, self.c_type)
         _c('{')
 
-        if field.prev_varsized_field == None:
+        if field.prev_varsized_field is None:
             _c('    return (%s *) (R + 1);', field.c_field_type)
         else:
             _c('    xcb_generic_iterator_t prev = %s;', _c_iterator_get_end(field.prev_varsized_field, 'R'))
@@ -534,7 +1497,7 @@ def _c_accessors_list(self, field):
     _c('    return %s;', _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr, 'R'))
     _c('}')
 
-    if field.field_type[0] in _cardinal_types:
+    if field.type.member.is_simple:
         _hc('')
         _hc('')
         _hc('/*****************************************************************************')
@@ -596,11 +1559,14 @@ def _c_accessors(self, name, base):
     '''
     Declares the accessor functions for the fields of a structure.
     '''
-    for field in self.fields:
-        if field.type.is_list and not field.type.fixed_size():
-            _c_accessors_list(self, field)
-        elif field.prev_varsized_field != None:
-            _c_accessors_field(self, field)
+    # no accessors for switch - 
+    # switch always needs to be unpacked explicitly
+    if not self.is_switch:
+        for field in self.fields:
+            if field.type.is_list and not field.type.fixed_size():
+                _c_accessors_list(self, field)
+            elif field.prev_varsized_field is not None or not field.type.fixed_size():
+                _c_accessors_field(self, field)
 
 def c_simple(self, name):
     '''
@@ -634,19 +1600,49 @@ def _c_complex(self):
     struct_fields = []
     maxtypelen = 0
 
+    varfield = None
     for field in self.fields:
-        if not field.type.fixed_size():
-            break
+        if not field.type.fixed_size() and not self.is_switch and not self.is_union:
+            varfield = field.c_field_name
+            continue
+#        if varfield != None and not field.type.is_pad and field.wire:
+#            errmsg = '%s: warning: variable field %s followed by fixed field %s\n' % (self.c_type, varfield, field.c_field_name)
+#            sys.stderr.write(errmsg)
+#            sys.exit(1)
         if field.wire:
             struct_fields.append(field)
-        
+    
     for field in struct_fields:
-        if len(field.c_field_type) > maxtypelen:
-            maxtypelen = len(field.c_field_type)
+        length = len(field.c_field_type)
+        # account for '*' pointer_spec
+        if not field.type.fixed_size():
+            length += 1
+        maxtypelen = max(maxtypelen, length)
+
+    def _c_complex_field(self, field, space=''):
+        if (field.type.fixed_size() or 
+            # in case of switch with switch children, don't make the field a pointer
+            # necessary for unserialize to work
+            (self.is_switch and field.type.is_switch)):
+            spacing = ' ' * (maxtypelen - len(field.c_field_type))
+            _h('%s    %s%s %s%s; /**<  */', space, field.c_field_type, spacing, field.c_field_name, field.c_subscript)
+        else:
+            spacing = ' ' * (maxtypelen - (len(field.c_field_type) + 1))
+            _h('%s    %s%s *%s%s; /**<  */', space, field.c_field_type, spacing, field.c_field_name, field.c_subscript)
 
-    for field in struct_fields:
-        spacing = ' ' * (maxtypelen - len(field.c_field_type))
-        _h('    %s%s %s%s; /**<  */', field.c_field_type, spacing, field.c_field_name, field.c_subscript)
+    if not self.is_switch:
+        for field in struct_fields:
+            _c_complex_field(self, field)
+    else:
+        for b in self.bitcases:
+            space = ''
+            if b.type.has_name:
+                _h('    struct _%s {', b.c_field_name)
+                space = '    '
+            for field in b.type.fields:
+                _c_complex_field(self, field, space)
+            if b.type.has_name:
+                _h('    } %s;', b.c_field_name)
 
     _h('} %s;', self.c_type)
 
@@ -667,7 +1663,7 @@ def c_union(self, name):
     _c_complex(self)
     _c_iterator(self, name)
 
-def _c_request_helper(self, name, cookie_type, void, regular):
+def _c_request_helper(self, name, cookie_type, void, regular, aux=False):
     '''
     Declares a request function.
     '''
@@ -700,15 +1696,18 @@ def _c_request_helper(self, name, cookie_type, void, regular):
     func_ext_global = '&' + _ns.c_ext_global_name if _ns.is_ext else '0'
 
     # What our function name is
-    func_name = self.c_request_name
+    func_name = self.c_request_name if not aux else self.c_aux_name
     if checked:
-        func_name = self.c_checked_name
+        func_name = self.c_checked_name if not aux else self.c_aux_checked_name
     if unchecked:
-        func_name = self.c_unchecked_name
+        func_name = self.c_unchecked_name if not aux else self.c_aux_unchecked_name
 
     param_fields = []
     wire_fields = []
     maxtypelen = len('xcb_connection_t')
+    serial_fields = []
+    # special case: list with variable size elements
+    list_with_var_size_elems = False
 
     for field in self.fields:
         if field.visible:
@@ -717,10 +1716,17 @@ def _c_request_helper(self, name, cookie_type, void, regular):
         if field.wire and not field.auto:
             # We need to set the field up in the structure
             wire_fields.append(field)
+        if field.type.need_serialize or field.type.need_sizeof:
+            serial_fields.append(field)
         
     for field in param_fields:
-        if len(field.c_field_const_type) > maxtypelen:
-            maxtypelen = len(field.c_field_const_type)
+        c_field_const_type = field.c_field_const_type 
+        if field.type.need_serialize and not aux:
+            c_field_const_type = "const void"
+        if len(c_field_const_type) > maxtypelen:
+            maxtypelen = len(c_field_const_type)
+        if field.type.is_list and not field.type.member.fixed_size():
+            list_with_var_size_elems = True
 
     _h_setlevel(1)
     _c_setlevel(1)
@@ -752,8 +1758,11 @@ def _c_request_helper(self, name, cookie_type, void, regular):
     _hc(' ** @param xcb_connection_t%s *c', spacing)
 
     for field in param_fields:
-        spacing = ' ' * (maxtypelen - len(field.c_field_const_type))
-        _hc(' ** @param %s%s %s%s', field.c_field_const_type, spacing, field.c_pointer, field.c_field_name)
+        c_field_const_type = field.c_field_const_type 
+        if field.type.need_serialize and not aux:
+            c_field_const_type = "const void"
+        spacing = ' ' * (maxtypelen - len(c_field_const_type))
+        _hc(' ** @param %s%s %s%s', c_field_const_type, spacing, field.c_pointer, field.c_field_name)
 
     _hc(' ** @returns %s', cookie_type)
     _hc(' **')
@@ -771,16 +1780,31 @@ def _c_request_helper(self, name, cookie_type, void, regular):
     count = len(param_fields)
     for field in param_fields:
         count = count - 1
-        spacing = ' ' * (maxtypelen - len(field.c_field_const_type))
+        c_field_const_type = field.c_field_const_type 
+        c_pointer = field.c_pointer
+        if field.type.need_serialize and not aux:
+            c_field_const_type = "const void"
+            c_pointer = '*'
+        spacing = ' ' * (maxtypelen - len(c_field_const_type))
         comma = ',' if count else ');'
-        _h('%s%s%s %s%s  /**< */%s', func_spacing, field.c_field_const_type, spacing, field.c_pointer, field.c_field_name, comma)
+        _h('%s%s%s %s%s  /**< */%s', func_spacing, c_field_const_type, 
+           spacing, c_pointer, field.c_field_name, comma)
         comma = ',' if count else ')'
-        _c('%s%s%s %s%s  /**< */%s', func_spacing, field.c_field_const_type, spacing, field.c_pointer, field.c_field_name, comma)
+        _c('%s%s%s %s%s  /**< */%s', func_spacing, c_field_const_type, 
+           spacing, c_pointer, field.c_field_name, comma)
 
     count = 2
-    for field in param_fields:
-        if not field.type.fixed_size():
-            count = count + 2
+    if not self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
+        for field in param_fields:
+            if not field.type.fixed_size():
+                count = count + 2
+                if field.type.need_serialize:
+                    # _serialize() keeps track of padding automatically
+                    count -= 1
+    dimension = count + 2
+    if self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
+        # there will be only one call to _serialize() and no need for additional padding
+        dimension -= 1
 
     _c('{')
     _c('    static const xcb_protocol_request_t xcb_req = {')
@@ -790,16 +1814,29 @@ def _c_request_helper(self, name, cookie_type, void, regular):
     _c('        /* isvoid */ %d', 1 if void else 0)
     _c('    };')
     _c('    ')
-    _c('    struct iovec xcb_parts[%d];', count + 2)
+
+    _c('    struct iovec xcb_parts[%d];', dimension)
     _c('    %s xcb_ret;', func_cookie)
     _c('    %s xcb_out;', self.c_type)
-    _c('    ')
+    if self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
+        _c('    /* in the protocol description, variable size fields are followed by fixed size fields */')
+        
 
+    for idx, f in enumerate(serial_fields):
+        if aux:
+            _c('    void *xcb_aux%d = 0;' % (idx))
+    if list_with_var_size_elems:
+        _c('    unsigned int i;')
+        _c('    unsigned int xcb_tmp_len;')
+        _c('    char *xcb_tmp;')
+    _c('    ')
+#    _c('    printf("in function %s\\n");' % func_name)     
+    # fixed size fields
     for field in wire_fields:
         if field.type.fixed_size():
             if field.type.is_expr:
                 _c('    xcb_out.%s = %s;', field.c_field_name, _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr))
-
             elif field.type.is_pad:
                 if field.type.nmemb == 1:
                     _c('    xcb_out.%s = 0;', field.c_field_name)
@@ -811,25 +1848,105 @@ def _c_request_helper(self, name, cookie_type, void, regular):
                 else:
                     _c('    memcpy(xcb_out.%s, %s, %d);', field.c_field_name, field.c_field_name, field.type.nmemb)
 
-    _c('    ')
-    _c('    xcb_parts[2].iov_base = (char *) &xcb_out;')
-    _c('    xcb_parts[2].iov_len = sizeof(xcb_out);')
-    _c('    xcb_parts[3].iov_base = 0;')
-    _c('    xcb_parts[3].iov_len = -xcb_parts[2].iov_len & 3;')
-
-    count = 4
-    for field in param_fields:
-        if not field.type.fixed_size():
-            _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_base = (char *) %s;', count, field.c_field_name)
-            if field.type.is_list:
-                _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_len = %s * sizeof(%s);', count, _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr), field.type.member.c_wiretype)
-            else:
-                _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_len = %s * sizeof(%s);', count, 'Uh oh', field.type.c_wiretype)
-            _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_base = 0;', count + 1)
-            _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_len = -xcb_parts[%d].iov_len & 3;', count + 1, count)
-            count = count + 2
+    def get_serialize_args(type_obj, c_field_name, aux_var, context='serialize'):
+        serialize_args = get_serialize_params(context, type_obj, 
+                                              c_field_name, 
+                                              aux_var)[2]
+        return reduce(lambda x,y: "%s, %s" % (x,y), [a[2] for a in serialize_args])
+
+    # calls in order to free dyn. all. memory
+    free_calls = []
+
+    if not self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
+        _c('    ')
+        _c('    xcb_parts[2].iov_base = (char *) &xcb_out;')
+        _c('    xcb_parts[2].iov_len = sizeof(xcb_out);')
+        _c('    xcb_parts[3].iov_base = 0;')
+        _c('    xcb_parts[3].iov_len = -xcb_parts[2].iov_len & 3;')
+
+        count = 4
+
+        for field in param_fields:
+            if not field.type.fixed_size():
+                _c('    /* %s %s */', field.type.c_type, field.c_field_name)
+                # default: simple cast to char *
+                if not field.type.need_serialize and not field.type.need_sizeof:
+                    _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_base = (char *) %s;', count, field.c_field_name)
+                    if field.type.is_list:
+                        if field.type.member.fixed_size():
+                            _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_len = %s * sizeof(%s);', count, 
+                               _c_accessor_get_expr(field.type.expr), field.type.member.c_wiretype)
+                        else:
+                            expr = field.type.expr
+                            prefix_str, lenfield_prefix = _c_serialize_helper_prefix([('xcb_out', '.', self)], 
+                                                                                     'xcb_out', '.')
+                            param_fields, wire_fields, params = get_serialize_params('sizeof', self)
+                            param_names = [p[2] for p in params]
+                            sep = '.'
+
+                            # look if the list's lenfield is a struct member or a function argument
+                            # special case: if the list has a length field, its name will be returned 
+                            # unchanged by calling c_accessor_get_length(expr)
+                            if expr.lenfield_name == _c_accessor_get_length(expr):
+                                if expr.lenfield_name in param_names:
+                                    # the length field appears as separate argument,
+                                    # so no need for a prefix
+                                    lenfield_prefix = ''
+                            
+                            list_length = _c_accessor_get_expr(expr, lenfield_prefix, sep)
+    
+                            length = ''
+                            _c("    xcb_parts[%d].iov_len = 0;" % count)
+                            _c("    xcb_tmp = (char *)%s;", field.c_field_name)
+                            _c("    for(i=0; i<%s; i++) {" % list_length)
+                            _c("        xcb_tmp_len = %s(xcb_tmp);" % 
+                                              (field.type.c_sizeof_name))
+                            _c("        xcb_parts[%d].iov_len += xcb_tmp_len;" % count)
+                            _c("        xcb_tmp += xcb_tmp_len;")
+                            _c("    }")                        
+                    else:
+                        # not supposed to happen
+                        raise Exception("unhandled variable size field %s" % field.c_field_name)
+                else:
+                    if not aux:
+                        _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_base = (char *) %s;', count, field.c_field_name)
+                    idx = serial_fields.index(field)
+                    aux_var = '&xcb_aux%d' % idx
+                    context = 'serialize' if aux else 'sizeof'
+                    _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_len = ', count)
+                    if aux:
+                        serialize_args = get_serialize_args(field.type, aux_var, field.c_field_name, context)
+                        _c('      %s (%s);', field.type.c_serialize_name, serialize_args)
+                        _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_base = xcb_aux%d;' % (count, idx))
+                        free_calls.append('    free(xcb_aux%d);' % idx)
+                    else:
+                        serialize_args = get_serialize_args(field.type, field.c_field_name, aux_var, context)
+                        func_name = field.type.c_sizeof_name
+                        _c('      %s (%s);', func_name, serialize_args)
+
+                count += 1
+                if not (field.type.need_serialize or field.type.need_sizeof):
+                    # the _serialize() function keeps track of padding automatically
+                    _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_base = 0;', count)
+                    _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_len = -xcb_parts[%d].iov_len & 3;', count, count-1)
+                    count += 1
+
+    # elif self.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
+    else:
+        # call _serialize()
+        buffer_var = 'xcb_parts[%d].iov_base' % count
+        serialize_args = get_serialize_args(self, '&%s' % buffer_var, '&xcb_out', 'serialize')
+        _c('    %s = (char *) 0;', buffer_var)
+        _c('    xcb_parts[%d].iov_len = %s (%s);', count, self.c_serialize_name, serialize_args)
+        free_calls.append('    free(xcb_parts[%d].iov_base);' % count)
+        # no padding necessary - _serialize() keeps track of padding automatically
 
+    _c('    ')
     _c('    xcb_ret.sequence = xcb_send_request(c, %s, xcb_parts + 2, &xcb_req);', func_flags)
+    
+    # free dyn. all. data, if any
+    for f in free_calls:
+        _c(f)
     _c('    return xcb_ret;')
     _c('}')
 
@@ -840,7 +1957,29 @@ def _c_reply(self, name):
     spacing1 = ' ' * (len(self.c_cookie_type) - len('xcb_connection_t'))
     spacing2 = ' ' * (len(self.c_cookie_type) - len('xcb_generic_error_t'))
     spacing3 = ' ' * (len(self.c_reply_name) + 2)
-
+    
+    # check if _unserialize() has to be called for any field
+    def look_for_special_cases(complex_obj):
+        unserialize_fields = []
+        # no unserialize call in case of switch
+        if not complex_obj.is_switch:
+            for field in complex_obj.fields:
+                # three cases: 1. field with special case
+                #              2. container that contains special case field
+                #              3. list with special case elements
+                if field.type.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
+                    unserialize_fields.append(field)
+                elif field.type.is_container:
+                    unserialize_fields += look_for_special_cases(field.type)
+                elif field.type.is_list:
+                    if field.type.member.var_followed_by_fixed_fields:
+                        unserialize_fields.append(field)
+                    if field.type.member.is_container:
+                        unserialize_fields += look_for_special_cases(field.type.member)
+        return unserialize_fields
+    
+    unserialize_fields = look_for_special_cases(self.reply)
+    
     _h('')
     _h('/**')
     _h(' * Return the reply')
@@ -875,7 +2014,35 @@ def _c_reply(self, name):
     _h('%sxcb_generic_error_t%s **e  /**< */);', spacing3, spacing2)
     _c('%sxcb_generic_error_t%s **e  /**< */)', spacing3, spacing2)
     _c('{')
-    _c('    return (%s *) xcb_wait_for_reply(c, cookie.sequence, e);', self.c_reply_type)
+    
+    if len(unserialize_fields)>0:
+        # certain variable size fields need to be unserialized explicitly
+        _c('    %s *reply = (%s *) xcb_wait_for_reply(c, cookie.sequence, e);', 
+           self.c_reply_type, self.c_reply_type)
+        _c('    int i;')
+        for field in unserialize_fields:
+            if field.type.is_list:
+                _c('    %s %s_iter = %s(reply);', field.c_iterator_type, field.c_field_name, field.c_iterator_name)
+                _c('    int %s_len = %s(reply);', field.c_field_name, field.c_length_name)
+                _c('    %s *%s_data;', field.c_field_type, field.c_field_name)
+            else:
+                raise Exception('not implemented: call _unserialize() in reply for non-list type %s', field.c_field_type)
+        # call _unserialize(), using the reply as source and target buffer
+        _c('    /* special cases: transform parts of the reply to match XCB data structures */')
+        for field in unserialize_fields:
+            if field.type.is_list:
+                _c('    for(i=0; i<%s_len; i++) {', field.c_field_name)
+                _c('        %s_data = %s_iter.data;', field.c_field_name, field.c_field_name)
+                _c('        %s((const void *)%s_data, &%s_data);', field.type.c_unserialize_name, 
+                   field.c_field_name, field.c_field_name)
+                _c('        %s(&%s_iter);', field.type.c_next_name, field.c_field_name)
+                _c('    }')
+        # return the transformed reply
+        _c('    return reply;')
+    
+    else:
+        _c('    return (%s *) xcb_wait_for_reply(c, cookie.sequence, e);', self.c_reply_type)
+
     _c('}')
 
 def _c_opcode(name, opcode):
@@ -923,6 +2090,9 @@ def c_request(self, name):
         # Request prototypes
         _c_request_helper(self, name, self.c_cookie_type, False, True)
         _c_request_helper(self, name, self.c_cookie_type, False, False)
+        if self.need_aux:
+            _c_request_helper(self, name, self.c_cookie_type, False, True, True)
+            _c_request_helper(self, name, self.c_cookie_type, False, False, True)
         # Reply accessors
         _c_accessors(self.reply, name + ('reply',), name)
         _c_reply(self, name)
@@ -930,6 +2100,10 @@ def c_request(self, name):
         # Request prototypes
         _c_request_helper(self, name, 'xcb_void_cookie_t', True, False)
         _c_request_helper(self, name, 'xcb_void_cookie_t', True, True)
+        if self.need_aux:
+            _c_request_helper(self, name, 'xcb_void_cookie_t', True, False, True)
+            _c_request_helper(self, name, 'xcb_void_cookie_t', True, True, True)
+
 
 def c_event(self, name):
     '''
@@ -977,11 +2151,23 @@ output = {'open'    : c_open,
           'union'   : c_union,
           'request' : c_request,
           'event'   : c_event,
-          'error'   : c_error
+          'error'   : c_error
           }
 
 # Boilerplate below this point
 
+# Check for the argument that specifies path to the xcbgen python package.
+try:
+    opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'p:')
+except getopt.GetoptError, err:
+    print str(err)
+    print 'Usage: c_client.py [-p path] file.xml'
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+for (opt, arg) in opts:
+    if opt == '-p':
+        sys.path.append(arg)
+
 # Import the module class
 try:
     from xcbgen.state import Module
@@ -989,13 +2175,14 @@ except ImportError:
     print ''
     print 'Failed to load the xcbgen Python package!'
     print 'Make sure that xcb/proto installed it on your Python path.'
-    print 'If not, you will need to create a .pth file to extend the path.'
+    print 'If not, you will need to create a .pth file or define $PYTHONPATH'
+    print 'to extend the path.'
     print 'Refer to the README file in xcb/proto for more info.'
     print ''
     raise
 
 # Parse the xml header
-module = Module(argv[1], output)
+module = Module(args[0], output)
 
 # Build type-registry and resolve type dependencies
 module.register()