Update snapshot(2018-02-07)
[platform/upstream/iotivity.git] / resource / csdk / stack / src / ocstack.c
index 060ea88..f5575b1 100644 (file)
 // For POSIX.1-2001 base specification,
 // Refer http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/
 #define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 200112L
+#ifndef __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS
 #define __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS
+#endif
+#ifndef __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS
 #define __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS
+#endif
+#include "iotivity_config.h"
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include "oic_malloc.h"
 #include "oic_string.h"
 #include "logger.h"
+#include "trace.h"
 #include "ocserverrequest.h"
 #include "secureresourcemanager.h"
+#include "psinterface.h"
+#include "psiutils.h"
 #include "doxmresource.h"
 #include "cacommon.h"
 #include "cainterface.h"
 #include "ocpayload.h"
 #include "ocpayloadcbor.h"
+#include "cautilinterface.h"
+#include "oicgroup.h"
 
 #if defined (ROUTING_GATEWAY) || defined (ROUTING_EP)
 #include "routingutility.h"
 #endif
 #endif
 
-#ifdef WITH_ARDUINO
+#ifdef TCP_ADAPTER
+#include "oickeepaliveinternal.h"
+#endif
+
+//#ifdef DIRECT_PAIRING
+#include "directpairing.h"
+//#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_ARDUINO_TIME_H
 #include "Time.h"
-#else
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #endif
-#include "coap_time.h"
-#include "utlist.h"
-#include "pdu.h"
+#include <coap/coap.h>
 
-#ifndef ARDUINO
+#ifdef HAVE_ARPA_INET_H
 #include <arpa/inet.h>
 #endif
 
@@ -95,6 +112,14 @@ typedef enum
 } OCPresenceState;
 #endif
 
+#if defined(__WITH_DTLS__) || defined (__WITH_TLS__)
+typedef struct
+{
+    OCOtmEventHandler cb;
+    void *ctx;
+} OCOtmEventHandler_t;
+#endif
+
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Private variables
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -104,9 +129,13 @@ OCResource *headResource = NULL;
 static OCResource *tailResource = NULL;
 static OCResourceHandle platformResource = {0};
 static OCResourceHandle deviceResource = {0};
+#ifdef MQ_BROKER
+static OCResourceHandle brokerResource = {0};
+#endif
+
 #ifdef WITH_PRESENCE
 static OCPresenceState presenceState = OC_PRESENCE_UNINITIALIZED;
-static PresenceResource presenceResource;
+static PresenceResource presenceResource = {0};
 static uint8_t PresenceTimeOutSize = 0;
 static uint32_t PresenceTimeOut[] = {50, 75, 85, 95, 100};
 #endif
@@ -118,19 +147,28 @@ static bool gRASetInfo = false;
 #endif
 OCDeviceEntityHandler defaultDeviceHandler;
 void* defaultDeviceHandlerCallbackParameter = NULL;
-static const char COAP_TCP[] = "coap+tcp:";
+static const char COAP_TCP_SCHEME[] = "coap+tcp:";
+static const char COAPS_TCP_SCHEME[] = "coaps+tcp:";
+static const char CORESPEC[] = "core";
+
+CAAdapterStateChangedCB g_adapterHandler = NULL;
+CAConnectionStateChangedCB g_connectionHandler = NULL;
+
+#if defined(__WITH_DTLS__) || defined (__WITH_TLS__)
+static OCOtmEventHandler_t g_otmEventHandler = {NULL, NULL};
+#endif
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Macros
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-#define TAG  "OCStack"
+#define TAG  "OIC_RI_STACK"
 #define VERIFY_SUCCESS(op, successCode) { if ((op) != (successCode)) \
-            {OC_LOG_V(FATAL, TAG, "%s failed!!", #op); goto exit;} }
-#define VERIFY_NON_NULL(arg, logLevel, retVal) { if (!(arg)) { OC_LOG((logLevel), \
+            {OIC_LOG_V(FATAL, TAG, "%s failed!!", #op); goto exit;} }
+#define VERIFY_NON_NULL(arg, logLevel, retVal) { if (!(arg)) { OIC_LOG((logLevel), \
              TAG, #arg " is NULL"); return (retVal); } }
-#define VERIFY_NON_NULL_NR(arg, logLevel) { if (!(arg)) { OC_LOG((logLevel), \
+#define VERIFY_NON_NULL_NR(arg, logLevel) { if (!(arg)) { OIC_LOG((logLevel), \
              TAG, #arg " is NULL"); return; } }
-#define VERIFY_NON_NULL_V(arg) { if (!arg) {OC_LOG(FATAL, TAG, #arg " is NULL");\
+#define VERIFY_NON_NULL_V(arg) { if (!arg) {OIC_LOG(FATAL, TAG, #arg " is NULL");\
     goto exit;} }
 
 //TODO: we should allow the server to define this
@@ -234,6 +272,13 @@ static void deleteResourceType(OCResourceType *resourceType);
 static void deleteResourceInterface(OCResourceInterface *resourceInterface);
 
 /**
+ * Unbind all child resources.
+ *
+ * @param resourceChild Specified binded resource head is deleted from parent.
+ */
+static void unbindChildResources(OCChildResource *resourceChild);
+
+/**
  * Delete all of the dynamically allocated elements that were created for the resource.
  *
  * @param resource Specified resource.
@@ -262,34 +307,15 @@ static void deleteAllResources();
  */
 static void incrementSequenceNumber(OCResource * resPtr);
 
-/**
- * Verify the lengths of the URI and the query separately.
- *
- * @param inputUri Input URI and query.
- * @param uriLen The length of the initial URI with query.
- * @return ::OC_STACK_OK on success, some other value upon failure.
- */
-static OCStackResult verifyUriQueryLength(const char * inputUri,
-        uint16_t uriLen);
-
 /*
  * Attempts to initialize every network interface that the CA Layer might have compiled in.
  *
  * Note: At least one interface must succeed to initialize. If all calls to @ref CASelectNetwork
  * return something other than @ref CA_STATUS_OK, then this function fails.
- *
+ * @param transportType  OCTransportAdapter value to select.
  * @return ::CA_STATUS_OK on success, some other value upon failure.
  */
-static CAResult_t OCSelectNetwork();
-
-/**
- * Get the CoAP ticks after the specified number of milli-seconds.
- *
- * @param afterMilliSeconds Milli-seconds.
- * @return
- *     CoAP ticks
- */
-static uint32_t GetTicks(uint32_t afterMilliSeconds);
+static CAResult_t OCSelectNetwork(OCTransportAdapter transportType);
 
 /**
  * Convert CAResponseResult_t to OCStackResult.
@@ -297,16 +323,7 @@ static uint32_t GetTicks(uint32_t afterMilliSeconds);
  * @param caCode CAResponseResult_t code.
  * @return ::OC_STACK_OK on success, some other value upon failure.
  */
-static OCStackResult CAToOCStackResult(CAResponseResult_t caCode);
-
-/**
- * Convert OCStackResult to CAResponseResult_t.
- *
- * @param caCode OCStackResult code.
- * @param method OCMethod method the return code replies to.
- * @return ::CA_CONTENT on OK, some other value upon failure.
- */
-static CAResponseResult_t OCToCAStackResult(OCStackResult ocCode, OCMethod method);
+static OCStackResult CAResponseToOCStackResult(CAResponseResult_t caCode);
 
 /**
  * Convert OCTransportFlags_t to CATransportModifiers_t.
@@ -374,6 +391,7 @@ static OCStackResult getQueryFromUri(const char * uri, char** resourceType, char
 static OCResourceType *findResourceType(OCResourceType * resourceTypeList,
         const char * resourceTypeName);
 
+#ifdef WITH_PRESENCE
 /**
  * Reset presence TTL for a ClientCB struct. ttlLevel will be set to 0.
  * TTL will be set to maxAge.
@@ -384,6 +402,7 @@ static OCResourceType *findResourceType(OCResourceType * resourceTypeList,
  * @return ::OC_STACK_OK on success, some other value upon failure.
  */
 static OCStackResult ResetPresenceTTL(ClientCB *cbNode, uint32_t maxAgeSeconds);
+#endif
 
 /**
  * Ensure the accept header option is set appropriatly before sending the requests and routing
@@ -396,20 +415,55 @@ static OCStackResult ResetPresenceTTL(ClientCB *cbNode, uint32_t maxAgeSeconds);
  */
 static OCStackResult OCSendRequest(const CAEndpoint_t *object, CARequestInfo_t *requestInfo);
 
+/**
+ * default adapter state change callback method
+ *
+ * @param adapter   CA network adapter type.
+ * @param enabled   current adapter state.
+ */
+static void OCDefaultAdapterStateChangedHandler(CATransportAdapter_t adapter, bool enabled);
+
+/**
+ * default connection state change callback method
+ *
+ * @param info          CAEndpoint which has address, port and etc.
+ * @param isConnected   current connection state.
+ */
+static void OCDefaultConnectionStateChangedHandler(const CAEndpoint_t *info, bool isConnected);
+
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Internal functions
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-uint32_t GetTicks(uint32_t afterMilliSeconds)
+bool checkProxyUri(OCHeaderOption *options, uint8_t numOptions)
+{
+    if (!options || 0 == numOptions)
+    {
+        OIC_LOG (INFO, TAG, "No options present");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < numOptions; i++)
+    {
+        if (options[i].protocolID == OC_COAP_ID && options[i].optionID == OC_RSRVD_PROXY_OPTION_ID)
+        {
+            OIC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "Proxy URI is present");
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+uint32_t GetTicks(uint32_t milliSeconds)
 {
     coap_tick_t now;
     coap_ticks(&now);
 
     // Guard against overflow of uint32_t
-    if (afterMilliSeconds <= ((UINT32_MAX - (uint32_t)now) * MILLISECONDS_PER_SECOND) /
+    if (milliSeconds <= ((UINT32_MAX - (uint32_t)now) * MILLISECONDS_PER_SECOND) /
                              COAP_TICKS_PER_SECOND)
     {
-        return now + (afterMilliSeconds * COAP_TICKS_PER_SECOND)/MILLISECONDS_PER_SECOND;
+        return now + (milliSeconds * COAP_TICKS_PER_SECOND)/MILLISECONDS_PER_SECOND;
     }
     else
     {
@@ -426,9 +480,13 @@ void CopyEndpointToDevAddr(const CAEndpoint_t *in, OCDevAddr *out)
     out->flags = CAToOCTransportFlags(in->flags);
     OICStrcpy(out->addr, sizeof(out->addr), in->addr);
     out->port = in->port;
-    out->interface = in->interface;
+    out->ifindex = in->ifindex;
 #if defined (ROUTING_GATEWAY) || defined (ROUTING_EP)
-    memcpy(out->routeData, in->routeData, sizeof(out->routeData));
+    /* This assert is to prevent accidental mismatch between address size macros defined in
+     * RI and CA and cause crash here. */
+    OC_STATIC_ASSERT(MAX_ADDR_STR_SIZE_CA == MAX_ADDR_STR_SIZE,
+                                        "Address size mismatch between RI and CA");
+    memcpy(out->routeData, in->routeData, sizeof(in->routeData));
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -440,11 +498,16 @@ void CopyDevAddrToEndpoint(const OCDevAddr *in, CAEndpoint_t *out)
     out->adapter = (CATransportAdapter_t)in->adapter;
     out->flags = OCToCATransportFlags(in->flags);
     OICStrcpy(out->addr, sizeof(out->addr), in->addr);
+    OICStrcpy(out->remoteId, sizeof(out->remoteId), in->remoteId);
 #if defined (ROUTING_GATEWAY) || defined (ROUTING_EP)
-    memcpy(out->routeData, in->routeData, sizeof(out->routeData));
+    /* This assert is to prevent accidental mismatch between address size macros defined in
+     * RI and CA and cause crash here. */
+    OC_STATIC_ASSERT(MAX_ADDR_STR_SIZE_CA == MAX_ADDR_STR_SIZE,
+                                        "Address size mismatch between RI and CA");
+    memcpy(out->routeData, in->routeData, sizeof(in->routeData));
 #endif
     out->port = in->port;
-    out->interface = in->interface;
+    out->ifindex = in->ifindex;
 }
 
 void FixUpClientResponse(OCClientResponse *cr)
@@ -460,13 +523,14 @@ static OCStackResult OCSendRequest(const CAEndpoint_t *object, CARequestInfo_t *
 {
     VERIFY_NON_NULL(object, FATAL, OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM);
     VERIFY_NON_NULL(requestInfo, FATAL, OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM);
+    OIC_TRACE_BEGIN(%s:OCSendRequest, TAG);
 
 #if defined (ROUTING_GATEWAY) || defined (ROUTING_EP)
-    OCStackResult rmResult = RMAddInfo(object->routeData, &(requestInfo->info.options),
-                                     &(requestInfo->info.numOptions));
+    OCStackResult rmResult = RMAddInfo(object->routeData, requestInfo, true, NULL);
     if (OC_STACK_OK != rmResult)
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Add destination option failed");
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Add destination option failed");
+        OIC_TRACE_END();
         return rmResult;
     }
 #endif
@@ -476,9 +540,12 @@ static OCStackResult OCSendRequest(const CAEndpoint_t *object, CARequestInfo_t *
     CAResult_t result = CASendRequest(object, requestInfo);
     if(CA_STATUS_OK != result)
     {
-        OC_LOG_V(ERROR, TAG, "CASendRequest failed with CA error %u", result);
+        OIC_LOG_V(ERROR, TAG, "CASendRequest failed with CA error %u", result);
+        OIC_TRACE_END();
         return CAResultToOCResult(result);
     }
+
+    OIC_TRACE_END();
     return OC_STACK_OK;
 }
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -496,47 +563,56 @@ OCStackResult OCStackFeedBack(CAToken_t token, uint8_t tokenLength, uint8_t stat
     switch(status)
     {
     case OC_OBSERVER_NOT_INTERESTED:
-        OC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "observer not interested in our notifications");
-        observer = GetObserverUsingToken (token, tokenLength);
-        if(observer)
+        OIC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "observer not interested in our notifications");
+        observer = GetObserverUsingToken(token, tokenLength);
+        if (observer)
         {
             result = FormOCEntityHandlerRequest(&ehRequest,
-                                                (OCRequestHandle)NULL,
+                                                0,
                                                 OC_REST_NOMETHOD,
                                                 &observer->devAddr,
                                                 (OCResourceHandle)NULL,
                                                 NULL, PAYLOAD_TYPE_REPRESENTATION,
                                                 NULL, 0, 0, NULL,
                                                 OC_OBSERVE_DEREGISTER,
-                                                observer->observeId);
-            if(result != OC_STACK_OK)
+                                                observer->observeId,
+                                                0);
+            if (result != OC_STACK_OK)
             {
+                FreeObserver(observer);
                 return result;
             }
-            observer->resource->entityHandler(OC_OBSERVE_FLAG, &ehRequest,
-                            observer->resource->entityHandlerCallbackParam);
+
+            if (observer->resource && observer->resource->entityHandler)
+            {
+                observer->resource->entityHandler(OC_OBSERVE_FLAG, &ehRequest,
+                                                  observer->resource->entityHandlerCallbackParam);
+            }
+
+            FreeObserver(observer);
         }
 
-        result = DeleteObserverUsingToken (token, tokenLength);
-        if(result == OC_STACK_OK)
+        result = DeleteObserverUsingToken(token, tokenLength);
+        if (result == OC_STACK_OK)
         {
-            OC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "Removed observer successfully");
+            OIC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "Removed observer successfully");
         }
         else
         {
             result = OC_STACK_OK;
-            OC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "Observer Removal failed");
+            OIC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "Observer Removal failed");
         }
         break;
 
     case OC_OBSERVER_STILL_INTERESTED:
-        OC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "observer still interested, reset the failedCount");
-        observer = GetObserverUsingToken (token, tokenLength);
-        if(observer)
+        OIC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "observer still interested, reset the failedCount");
+        observer = GetObserverUsingToken(token, tokenLength);
+        if (observer)
         {
             observer->forceHighQos = 0;
             observer->failedCommCount = 0;
             result = OC_STACK_OK;
+            FreeObserver(observer);
         }
         else
         {
@@ -545,59 +621,68 @@ OCStackResult OCStackFeedBack(CAToken_t token, uint8_t tokenLength, uint8_t stat
         break;
 
     case OC_OBSERVER_FAILED_COMM:
-        OC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "observer is unreachable");
+        OIC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "observer is unreachable");
         observer = GetObserverUsingToken (token, tokenLength);
-        if(observer)
+        if (observer)
         {
-            if(observer->failedCommCount >= MAX_OBSERVER_FAILED_COMM)
+            if (observer->failedCommCount >= MAX_OBSERVER_FAILED_COMM)
             {
                 result = FormOCEntityHandlerRequest(&ehRequest,
-                                                    (OCRequestHandle)NULL,
+                                                    0,
                                                     OC_REST_NOMETHOD,
                                                     &observer->devAddr,
                                                     (OCResourceHandle)NULL,
                                                     NULL, PAYLOAD_TYPE_REPRESENTATION,
                                                     NULL, 0, 0, NULL,
                                                     OC_OBSERVE_DEREGISTER,
-                                                    observer->observeId);
-                if(result != OC_STACK_OK)
+                                                    observer->observeId,
+                                                    0);
+                if (result != OC_STACK_OK)
                 {
+                    FreeObserver(observer);
                     return OC_STACK_ERROR;
                 }
-                observer->resource->entityHandler(OC_OBSERVE_FLAG, &ehRequest,
-                                    observer->resource->entityHandlerCallbackParam);
 
-                result = DeleteObserverUsingToken (token, tokenLength);
-                if(result == OC_STACK_OK)
+                if (observer->resource && observer->resource->entityHandler)
+                {
+                    observer->resource->entityHandler(OC_OBSERVE_FLAG, &ehRequest,
+                                        observer->resource->entityHandlerCallbackParam);
+                }
+
+                result = DeleteObserverUsingToken(token, tokenLength);
+                if (result == OC_STACK_OK)
                 {
-                    OC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "Removed observer successfully");
+                    OIC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "Removed observer successfully");
                 }
                 else
                 {
                     result = OC_STACK_OK;
-                    OC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "Observer Removal failed");
+                    OIC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "Observer Removal failed");
                 }
             }
             else
             {
                 observer->failedCommCount++;
+                observer->forceHighQos = 1;
+                OIC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "Failed count for this observer is %d",
+                          observer->failedCommCount);
                 result = OC_STACK_CONTINUE;
             }
-            observer->forceHighQos = 1;
-            OC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "Failed count for this observer is %d",observer->failedCommCount);
+
+            FreeObserver(observer);
         }
         break;
     default:
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Unknown status");
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Unknown status");
         result = OC_STACK_ERROR;
         break;
         }
     return result;
 }
-OCStackResult CAToOCStackResult(CAResponseResult_t caCode)
+
+OCStackResult CAResponseToOCStackResult(CAResponseResult_t caCode)
 {
     OCStackResult ret = OC_STACK_ERROR;
-
     switch(caCode)
     {
         case CA_CREATED:
@@ -607,7 +692,10 @@ OCStackResult CAToOCStackResult(CAResponseResult_t caCode)
             ret = OC_STACK_RESOURCE_DELETED;
             break;
         case CA_CHANGED:
+            ret = OC_STACK_RESOURCE_CHANGED;
+            break;
         case CA_CONTENT:
+        case CA_VALID:
             ret = OC_STACK_OK;
             break;
         case CA_BAD_REQ:
@@ -622,8 +710,35 @@ OCStackResult CAToOCStackResult(CAResponseResult_t caCode)
         case CA_NOT_FOUND:
             ret = OC_STACK_NO_RESOURCE;
             break;
+        case CA_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE:
+            ret = OC_STACK_TOO_LARGE_REQ;
+            break;
+        case CA_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED:
+            ret = OC_STACK_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED;
+            break;
+        case CA_NOT_ACCEPTABLE:
+            ret = OC_STACK_NOT_ACCEPTABLE;
+            break;
+        case CA_FORBIDDEN_REQ:
+            ret = OC_STACK_FORBIDDEN_REQ;
+            break;
+        case CA_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR:
+            ret = OC_STACK_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;
+            break;
+        case CA_NOT_IMPLEMENTED:
+            ret = OC_STACK_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
+            break;
+        case CA_BAD_GATEWAY:
+            ret = OC_STACK_BAD_GATEWAY;
+            break;
+        case CA_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE:
+            ret = OC_STACK_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE;
+            break;
         case CA_RETRANSMIT_TIMEOUT:
-            ret = OC_STACK_COMM_ERROR;
+            ret = OC_STACK_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT;
+            break;
+        case CA_PROXY_NOT_SUPPORTED:
+            ret = OC_STACK_PROXY_NOT_SUPPORTED;
             break;
         default:
             break;
@@ -655,7 +770,8 @@ CAResponseResult_t OCToCAStackResult(OCStackResult ocCode, OCMethod method)
                    // This should not happen but,
                    // give it a value just in case but output an error
                    ret = CA_CONTENT;
-                   OC_LOG_V(ERROR, TAG, "Unexpected OC_STACK_OK return code for method [%d].", method);
+                   OIC_LOG_V(ERROR, TAG, "Unexpected OC_STACK_OK return code for method [%d].",
+                            method);
             }
             break;
         case OC_STACK_RESOURCE_CREATED:
@@ -664,6 +780,9 @@ CAResponseResult_t OCToCAStackResult(OCStackResult ocCode, OCMethod method)
         case OC_STACK_RESOURCE_DELETED:
             ret = CA_DELETED;
             break;
+        case OC_STACK_RESOURCE_CHANGED:
+            ret = CA_CHANGED;
+            break;
         case OC_STACK_INVALID_QUERY:
             ret = CA_BAD_REQ;
             break;
@@ -676,9 +795,36 @@ CAResponseResult_t OCToCAStackResult(OCStackResult ocCode, OCMethod method)
         case OC_STACK_COMM_ERROR:
             ret = CA_RETRANSMIT_TIMEOUT;
             break;
+        case OC_STACK_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED:
+            ret = CA_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED;
+            break;
+        case OC_STACK_NOT_ACCEPTABLE:
+            ret = CA_NOT_ACCEPTABLE;
+            break;
         case OC_STACK_UNAUTHORIZED_REQ:
             ret = CA_UNAUTHORIZED_REQ;
             break;
+        case OC_STACK_FORBIDDEN_REQ:
+            ret = CA_FORBIDDEN_REQ;
+            break;
+        case OC_STACK_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR:
+            ret = CA_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;
+            break;
+        case OC_STACK_NOT_IMPLEMENTED:
+            ret = CA_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
+            break;
+        case OC_STACK_BAD_GATEWAY:
+            ret = CA_BAD_GATEWAY;
+            break;
+        case OC_STACK_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE:
+            ret = CA_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE;
+            break;
+        case OC_STACK_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT:
+            ret = CA_RETRANSMIT_TIMEOUT;
+            break;
+        case OC_STACK_PROXY_NOT_SUPPORTED:
+            ret = CA_PROXY_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+            break;
         default:
             break;
     }
@@ -706,6 +852,7 @@ OCTransportFlags CAToOCTransportFlags(CATransportFlags_t caFlags)
     return (OCTransportFlags)caFlags;
 }
 
+#ifdef WITH_PRESENCE
 static OCStackResult ResetPresenceTTL(ClientCB *cbNode, uint32_t maxAgeSeconds)
 {
     uint32_t lowerBound  = 0;
@@ -716,7 +863,7 @@ static OCStackResult ResetPresenceTTL(ClientCB *cbNode, uint32_t maxAgeSeconds)
         return OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM;
     }
 
-    OC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "Update presence TTL, time is %u", GetTicks(0));
+    OIC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "Update presence TTL, time is %u", GetTicks(0));
 
     cbNode->presence->TTL = maxAgeSeconds;
 
@@ -749,14 +896,14 @@ static OCStackResult ResetPresenceTTL(ClientCB *cbNode, uint32_t maxAgeSeconds)
 
         cbNode->presence->timeOut[index] = OCGetRandomRange(lowerBound, higherBound);
 
-        OC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "lowerBound timeout  %d", lowerBound);
-        OC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "higherBound timeout %d", higherBound);
-        OC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "timeOut entry  %d", cbNode->presence->timeOut[index]);
+        OIC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "lowerBound timeout  %d", lowerBound);
+        OIC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "higherBound timeout %d", higherBound);
+        OIC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "timeOut entry  %d", cbNode->presence->timeOut[index]);
     }
 
     cbNode->presence->TTLlevel = 0;
 
-    OC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "this TTL level %d", cbNode->presence->TTLlevel);
+    OIC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "this TTL level %d", cbNode->presence->TTLlevel);
     return OC_STACK_OK;
 }
 
@@ -795,21 +942,131 @@ OCPresenceTrigger convertTriggerStringToEnum(const char * triggerStr)
         return OC_PRESENCE_TRIGGER_DELETE;
     }
 }
+#endif // WITH_PRESENCE
+
+OCStackResult OCEncodeAddressForRFC6874(char *outputAddress,
+                                        size_t outputSize,
+                                        const char *inputAddress)
+{
+    VERIFY_NON_NULL(inputAddress,  FATAL, OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM);
+    VERIFY_NON_NULL(outputAddress, FATAL, OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM);
+
+    size_t inputLength = strnlen(inputAddress, outputSize);
+
+    // inputSize includes the null terminator
+    size_t inputSize = inputLength + 1;
+
+    if (inputSize > outputSize)
+    {
+        OIC_LOG_V(ERROR, TAG,
+                  "OCEncodeAddressForRFC6874 failed: "
+                  "outputSize (%zu) < inputSize (%zu)",
+                  outputSize, inputSize);
+
+        return OC_STACK_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    char* percentChar = strchr(inputAddress, '%');
+
+    // If there is no '%' character, then no change is required to the string.
+    if (NULL == percentChar)
+    {
+        OICStrcpy(outputAddress, outputSize, inputAddress);
+        return OC_STACK_OK;
+    }
+
+    const char* addressPart = &inputAddress[0];
+    const char* scopeIdPart = percentChar + 1;
+
+    // Sanity check to make sure this string doesn't have more '%' characters
+    if (NULL != strchr(scopeIdPart, '%'))
+    {
+        return OC_STACK_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    // If no string follows the first '%', then the input was invalid.
+    if (scopeIdPart[0] == '\0')
+    {
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "OCEncodeAddressForRFC6874 failed: Invalid input string: no scope ID!");
+        return OC_STACK_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    // Check to see if the string is already encoded
+    if ((scopeIdPart[0] == '2') && (scopeIdPart[1] == '5'))
+    {
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "OCEncodeAddressForRFC6874 failed: Input string is already encoded");
+        return OC_STACK_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    // Fail if we don't have room for encoded string's two additional chars
+    if (outputSize < (inputSize + 2))
+    {
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "OCEncodeAddressForRFC6874 failed: encoded output will not fit!");
+        return OC_STACK_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    // Restore the null terminator with an escaped '%' character, per RFC 6874
+    OICStrcpy(outputAddress, scopeIdPart - addressPart, addressPart);
+    OICStrcat(outputAddress, outputSize, "%25");
+    OICStrcat(outputAddress, outputSize, scopeIdPart);
+
+    return OC_STACK_OK;
+}
+
+OCStackResult OCDecodeAddressForRFC6874(char *outputAddress,
+                                        size_t outputSize,
+                                        const char *inputAddress,
+                                        const char *end)
+{
+    VERIFY_NON_NULL(inputAddress,  FATAL, OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM);
+    VERIFY_NON_NULL(outputAddress, FATAL, OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM);
+
+    if (NULL == end)
+    {
+        end = inputAddress + strlen(inputAddress);
+    }
+    size_t inputLength = end - inputAddress;
+
+    const char *percent = strchr(inputAddress, '%');
+    if (!percent || (percent > end))
+    {
+        OICStrcpyPartial(outputAddress, outputSize, inputAddress, inputLength);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if (percent[1] != '2' || percent[2] != '5')
+        {
+            return OC_STACK_INVALID_URI;
+        }
+
+        int addrlen = percent - inputAddress + 1;
+        OICStrcpyPartial(outputAddress, outputSize, inputAddress, addrlen);
+        OICStrcpyPartial(outputAddress + addrlen, outputSize - addrlen,
+                         percent + 3, end - percent - 3);
+    }
+
+    return OC_STACK_OK;
+}
 
+#ifdef WITH_PRESENCE
 /**
  * The cononical presence allows constructed URIs to be string compared.
  *
  * requestUri must be a char array of size CA_MAX_URI_LENGTH
  */
-static int FormCanonicalPresenceUri(const CAEndpoint_t *endpoint, char *resourceUri,
-        char *presenceUri)
+static int FormCanonicalPresenceUri(const CAEndpoint_t *endpoint,
+                                    char *presenceUri, bool isMulticast)
 {
     VERIFY_NON_NULL(endpoint   , FATAL, OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM);
-    VERIFY_NON_NULL(resourceUri, FATAL, OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM);
     VERIFY_NON_NULL(presenceUri, FATAL, OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM);
 
-    CAEndpoint_t *ep = (CAEndpoint_t *)endpoint;
+    if (isMulticast)
+    {
+        OIC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "Make Multicast Presence URI");
+        return snprintf(presenceUri, CA_MAX_URI_LENGTH, "%s", OC_RSRVD_PRESENCE_URI);
+    }
 
+    CAEndpoint_t *ep = (CAEndpoint_t *)endpoint;
     if (ep->adapter == CA_ADAPTER_IP)
     {
         if ((ep->flags & CA_IPV6) && !(ep->flags & CA_IPV4))
@@ -820,8 +1077,19 @@ static int FormCanonicalPresenceUri(const CAEndpoint_t *endpoint, char *resource
             }
             else
             {
+                char addressEncoded[CA_MAX_URI_LENGTH] = {0};
+
+                OCStackResult result = OCEncodeAddressForRFC6874(addressEncoded,
+                                                                 sizeof(addressEncoded),
+                                                                 ep->addr);
+
+                if (OC_STACK_OK != result)
+                {
+                    return -1;
+                }
+
                 return snprintf(presenceUri, CA_MAX_URI_LENGTH, "coap://[%s]:%u%s",
-                        ep->addr, ep->port, OC_RSRVD_PRESENCE_URI);
+                        addressEncoded, ep->port, OC_RSRVD_PRESENCE_URI);
             }
         }
         else
@@ -862,43 +1130,10 @@ OCStackResult HandlePresenceResponse(const CAEndpoint_t *endpoint,
 
     if (responseInfo->result != CA_CONTENT)
     {
-        OC_LOG_V(ERROR, TAG, "HandlePresenceResponse failed %d", responseInfo->result);
+        OIC_LOG_V(ERROR, TAG, "HandlePresenceResponse failed %d", responseInfo->result);
         return OC_STACK_ERROR;
     }
 
-    // check for unicast presence
-    uriLen = FormCanonicalPresenceUri(endpoint, OC_RSRVD_PRESENCE_URI, presenceUri);
-    if (uriLen < 0 || (size_t)uriLen >= sizeof (presenceUri))
-    {
-        return OC_STACK_INVALID_URI;
-    }
-
-    cbNode = GetClientCB(NULL, 0, NULL, presenceUri);
-    if (cbNode)
-    {
-        presenceSubscribe = 1;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        // check for multiicast presence
-        CAEndpoint_t ep = { .adapter = endpoint->adapter,
-                            .flags = endpoint->flags };
-
-        uriLen = FormCanonicalPresenceUri(&ep, OC_RSRVD_PRESENCE_URI, presenceUri);
-
-        cbNode = GetClientCB(NULL, 0, NULL, presenceUri);
-        if (cbNode)
-        {
-            multicastPresenceSubscribe = 1;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (!presenceSubscribe && !multicastPresenceSubscribe)
-    {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Received a presence notification, but no callback, ignoring");
-        goto exit;
-    }
-
     response.payload = NULL;
     response.result = OC_STACK_OK;
 
@@ -914,12 +1149,12 @@ OCStackResult HandlePresenceResponse(const CAEndpoint_t *endpoint,
 
         if(result != OC_STACK_OK)
         {
-            OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Presence parse failed");
+            OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Presence parse failed");
             goto exit;
         }
         if(!response.payload || response.payload->type != PAYLOAD_TYPE_PRESENCE)
         {
-            OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Presence payload was wrong type");
+            OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Presence payload was wrong type");
             result = OC_STACK_ERROR;
             goto exit;
         }
@@ -928,19 +1163,50 @@ OCStackResult HandlePresenceResponse(const CAEndpoint_t *endpoint,
         maxAge = ((OCPresencePayload*)response.payload)->maxAge;
     }
 
+    // check for unicast presence
+    uriLen = FormCanonicalPresenceUri(endpoint, presenceUri,
+                                      responseInfo->isMulticast);
+    if (uriLen < 0 || (size_t)uriLen >= sizeof (presenceUri))
+    {
+        return OC_STACK_INVALID_URI;
+    }
+    OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "check for unicast presence");
+    cbNode = GetClientCB(NULL, 0, NULL, presenceUri);
+    if (cbNode)
+    {
+        presenceSubscribe = 1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // check for multicast presence
+        OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "check for multicast presence");
+        cbNode = GetClientCB(NULL, 0, NULL, OC_RSRVD_PRESENCE_URI);
+        if (cbNode)
+        {
+            multicastPresenceSubscribe = 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!presenceSubscribe && !multicastPresenceSubscribe)
+    {
+        OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Received a presence notification, "
+                "but need to register presence callback, ignoring");
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
     if (presenceSubscribe)
     {
         if(cbNode->sequenceNumber == response.sequenceNumber)
         {
-            OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "No presence change");
+            OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "No presence change");
             ResetPresenceTTL(cbNode, maxAge);
-            OC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "ResetPresenceTTL - TTLlevel:%d\n", cbNode->presence->TTLlevel);
+            OIC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "ResetPresenceTTL - TTLlevel:%d\n", cbNode->presence->TTLlevel);
             goto exit;
         }
 
         if(maxAge == 0)
         {
-            OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Stopping presence");
+            OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Stopping presence");
             response.result = OC_STACK_PRESENCE_STOPPED;
             if(cbNode->presence)
             {
@@ -957,7 +1223,7 @@ OCStackResult HandlePresenceResponse(const CAEndpoint_t *endpoint,
 
                 if(!(cbNode->presence))
                 {
-                    OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Could not allocate memory for cbNode->presence");
+                    OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Could not allocate memory for cbNode->presence");
                     result = OC_STACK_NO_MEMORY;
                     goto exit;
                 }
@@ -967,7 +1233,7 @@ OCStackResult HandlePresenceResponse(const CAEndpoint_t *endpoint,
                 cbNode->presence->timeOut = (uint32_t *)
                         OICMalloc(PresenceTimeOutSize * sizeof(uint32_t));
                 if(!(cbNode->presence->timeOut)){
-                    OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG,
+                    OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG,
                                   "Could not allocate memory for cbNode->presence->timeOut");
                     OICFree(cbNode->presence);
                     result = OC_STACK_NO_MEMORY;
@@ -978,71 +1244,32 @@ OCStackResult HandlePresenceResponse(const CAEndpoint_t *endpoint,
             ResetPresenceTTL(cbNode, maxAge);
 
             cbNode->sequenceNumber = response.sequenceNumber;
-
-            // Ensure that a filter is actually applied.
-            if( resourceTypeName && cbNode->filterResourceType)
-            {
-                if(!findResourceType(cbNode->filterResourceType, resourceTypeName))
-                {
-                    goto exit;
-                }
-            }
         }
     }
     else
     {
         // This is the multicast case
-        OCMulticastNode* mcNode = NULL;
-        mcNode = GetMCPresenceNode(presenceUri);
-
-        if(mcNode != NULL)
-        {
-            if(mcNode->nonce == response.sequenceNumber)
-            {
-                OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "No presence change (Multicast)");
-                goto exit;
-            }
-            mcNode->nonce = response.sequenceNumber;
-
-            if(maxAge == 0)
-            {
-                OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Stopping presence");
-                response.result = OC_STACK_PRESENCE_STOPPED;
-            }
-        }
-        else
+        OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "this is the multicast presence");
+        if (0 == maxAge)
         {
-            char* uri = OICStrdup(presenceUri);
-            if (!uri)
-            {
-                OC_LOG(INFO, TAG,
-                    "No Memory for URI to store in the presence node");
-                result = OC_STACK_NO_MEMORY;
-                goto exit;
-            }
-
-            result = AddMCPresenceNode(&mcNode, uri, response.sequenceNumber);
-            if(result == OC_STACK_NO_MEMORY)
-            {
-                OC_LOG(INFO, TAG,
-                    "No Memory for Multicast Presence Node");
-                OICFree(uri);
-                goto exit;
-            }
-            // presence node now owns uri
+            OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Stopping presence");
+            response.result = OC_STACK_PRESENCE_STOPPED;
         }
+    }
 
-        // Ensure that a filter is actually applied.
-        if(resourceTypeName && cbNode->filterResourceType)
+    // Ensure that a filter is actually applied.
+    if (resourceTypeName && cbNode->filterResourceType)
+    {
+        OIC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "find resource type : %s", resourceTypeName);
+        if(!findResourceType(cbNode->filterResourceType, resourceTypeName))
         {
-            if(!findResourceType(cbNode->filterResourceType, resourceTypeName))
-            {
-                goto exit;
-            }
+            goto exit;
         }
     }
 
+    OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Before calling into application address space for presence");
     cbResult = cbNode->callBack(cbNode->context, cbNode->handle, &response);
+    OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "After calling into application address space for presence");
 
     if (cbResult == OC_STACK_DELETE_TRANSACTION)
     {
@@ -1053,105 +1280,154 @@ exit:
     OCPayloadDestroy(response.payload);
     return result;
 }
+#endif // WITH_PRESENCE
 
-void HandleCAResponses(const CAEndpoint_t* endPoint, const CAResponseInfo_t* responseInfo)
+OCStackResult HandleBatchResponse(char *requestUri, OCRepPayload **payload)
 {
-    VERIFY_NON_NULL_NR(endPoint, FATAL);
-    VERIFY_NON_NULL_NR(responseInfo, FATAL);
+    if (requestUri && *payload)
+    {
+        char *interfaceName = NULL;
+        char *rtTypeName = NULL;
+        char *uriQuery = NULL;
+        char *uriWithoutQuery = NULL;
+        if (OC_STACK_OK == getQueryFromUri(requestUri, &uriQuery, &uriWithoutQuery))
+        {
+            if (OC_STACK_OK == ExtractFiltersFromQuery(uriQuery, &interfaceName, &rtTypeName))
+            {
+                if (interfaceName && (0 == strcmp(OC_RSRVD_INTERFACE_BATCH, interfaceName)))
+                {
+                    char *uri = (*payload)->uri;
+                    if (uri && 0 != strcmp(uriWithoutQuery, uri))
+                    {
+                        OCRepPayload *newPayload = OCRepPayloadCreate();
+                        if (newPayload)
+                        {
+                            OCRepPayloadSetUri(newPayload, uri);
+                            newPayload->next = *payload;
+                            *payload = newPayload;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
 
-    OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Enter HandleCAResponses");
+        OICFree(interfaceName);
+        OICFree(rtTypeName);
+        OICFree(uriQuery);
+        OICFree(uriWithoutQuery);
+        return OC_STACK_OK;
+    }
+    return OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM;
+}
 
-#if defined (ROUTING_GATEWAY) || defined (ROUTING_EP)
-#ifdef ROUTING_GATEWAY
-    bool needRIHandling = false;
-    /*
-     * Routing manager is going to update either of endpoint or response or both.
-     * This typecasting is done to avoid unnecessary duplication of Endpoint and responseInfo
-     * RM can update "routeData" option in endPoint so that future RI requests can be sent to proper
-     * destination.
-     */
-    OCStackResult ret = RMHandleResponse((CAResponseInfo_t *)responseInfo, (CAEndpoint_t *)endPoint,
-                                         &needRIHandling);
-    if(ret != OC_STACK_OK || !needRIHandling)
-    {
-        OC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "Routing status![%d]. Not forwarding to RI", ret);
-        return;
-    }
-#endif
-
-    /*
-     * Put source in sender endpoint so that the next packet from application can be routed to
-     * proper destination and remove "RM" coap header option before passing request / response to
-     * RI as this option will make no sense to either RI or application.
-     */
-    RMUpdateInfo((CAHeaderOption_t **) &(responseInfo->info.options),
-                 (uint8_t *) &(responseInfo->info.numOptions),
-                 (CAEndpoint_t *) endPoint);
-#endif
+void OCHandleResponse(const CAEndpoint_t* endPoint, const CAResponseInfo_t* responseInfo)
+{
+    OIC_TRACE_MARK(%s:OCHandleResponse:%s, TAG, responseInfo->info.resourceUri);
+    OIC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "Enter OCHandleResponse");
 
+#ifdef WITH_PRESENCE
     if(responseInfo->info.resourceUri &&
         strcmp(responseInfo->info.resourceUri, OC_RSRVD_PRESENCE_URI) == 0)
     {
         HandlePresenceResponse(endPoint, responseInfo);
         return;
     }
+#endif
 
     ClientCB *cbNode = GetClientCB(responseInfo->info.token,
             responseInfo->info.tokenLength, NULL, NULL);
 
-    ResourceObserver * observer = GetObserverUsingToken (responseInfo->info.token,
-            responseInfo->info.tokenLength);
-
     if(cbNode)
     {
-        OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "There is a cbNode associated with the response token");
+        OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "There is a cbNode associated with the response token");
+#ifdef __TIZENRT__
+        // check obs header option
+        bool obsHeaderOpt = false;
+        CAHeaderOption_t *options = responseInfo->info.options;
+        for (uint8_t i = 0; i< responseInfo->info.numOptions; i++)
+        {
+            if (options && options[i].protocolID == CA_COAP_ID &&
+                           options[i].optionID == COAP_OPTION_OBSERVE)
+            {
+                obsHeaderOpt = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+#endif
         if(responseInfo->result == CA_EMPTY)
         {
-            OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Receiving A ACK/RESET for this token");
+            OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Receiving A ACK/RESET for this token");
             // We do not have a case for the client to receive a RESET
             if(responseInfo->info.type == CA_MSG_ACKNOWLEDGE)
             {
                 //This is the case of receiving an ACK on a request to a slow resource!
-                OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "This is a pure ACK");
+                OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "This is a pure ACK");
                 //TODO: should we inform the client
                 //      app that at least the request was received at the server?
             }
         }
         else if(responseInfo->result == CA_RETRANSMIT_TIMEOUT)
         {
-            OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Receiving A Timeout for this token");
-            OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Calling into application address space");
+            OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Receiving A Timeout for this token");
 
             OCClientResponse response =
                 {.devAddr = {.adapter = OC_DEFAULT_ADAPTER}};
             CopyEndpointToDevAddr(endPoint, &response.devAddr);
             FixUpClientResponse(&response);
-            response.resourceUri = responseInfo->info.resourceUri;
+            response.resourceUri = OICStrdup(responseInfo->info.resourceUri);
             memcpy(response.identity.id, responseInfo->info.identity.id,
                                                 sizeof (response.identity.id));
             response.identity.id_length = responseInfo->info.identity.id_length;
 
-            response.result = CAToOCStackResult(responseInfo->result);
+            response.result = CAResponseToOCStackResult(responseInfo->result);
+            OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Before calling into application address space for reTrans timeout");
             cbNode->callBack(cbNode->context,
                     cbNode->handle, &response);
+            OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "After calling into application address space for reTrans timeout");
             FindAndDeleteClientCB(cbNode);
+            OICFree((void *)response.resourceUri);
         }
-        else
+#ifdef __TIZENRT__
+        else if ((cbNode->method == OC_REST_OBSERVE || cbNode->method == OC_REST_OBSERVE_ALL)
+                && (responseInfo->result == CA_CONTENT) && !obsHeaderOpt)
         {
-            OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "This is a regular response, A client call back is found");
-            OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Calling into application address space");
-
             OCClientResponse response =
                 {.devAddr = {.adapter = OC_DEFAULT_ADAPTER}};
-            response.sequenceNumber = OC_OBSERVE_NO_OPTION;
             CopyEndpointToDevAddr(endPoint, &response.devAddr);
             FixUpClientResponse(&response);
-            response.resourceUri = responseInfo->info.resourceUri;
+            response.resourceUri =  OICStrdup(responseInfo->info.resourceUri);
+            memcpy(response.identity.id, responseInfo->info.identity.id,
+                                    sizeof (response.identity.id));
+            response.identity.id_length = responseInfo->info.identity.id_length;
+            response.result = OC_STACK_UNAUTHORIZED_REQ;
+
+            OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Before calling into application address space for observe resp");
+            cbNode->callBack(cbNode->context,
+                             cbNode->handle,
+                             &response);
+            OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "After calling into application address space for observe resp");
+
+            FindAndDeleteClientCB(cbNode);
+            OICFree(response.resourceUri);
+        }
+#endif
+        else
+        {
+            OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "This is a regular response, A client call back is found");
+
+            OCClientResponse response;
+            memset(&response, 0, sizeof(OCClientResponse));
+            response.devAddr.adapter = OC_DEFAULT_ADAPTER;
+
+            response.sequenceNumber = MAX_SEQUENCE_NUMBER + 1;
+            CopyEndpointToDevAddr(endPoint, &response.devAddr);
+            FixUpClientResponse(&response);
+            response.resourceUri = OICStrdup(responseInfo->info.resourceUri);
             memcpy(response.identity.id, responseInfo->info.identity.id,
                                                 sizeof (response.identity.id));
             response.identity.id_length = responseInfo->info.identity.id_length;
 
-            response.result = CAToOCStackResult(responseInfo->result);
+            response.result = CAResponseToOCStackResult(responseInfo->result);
 
             if(responseInfo->info.payload &&
                responseInfo->info.payloadSize)
@@ -1169,14 +1445,21 @@ void HandleCAResponses(const CAEndpoint_t* endPoint, const CAResponseInfo_t* res
                     {
                         type = PAYLOAD_TYPE_DISCOVERY;
                     }
+#ifdef WITH_MQ
+                    else if (strcmp(cbNode->requestUri, OC_RSRVD_WELL_KNOWN_MQ_URI) == 0)
+                    {
+                        type = PAYLOAD_TYPE_DISCOVERY;
+                    }
+#endif
                     else if (strcmp(cbNode->requestUri, OC_RSRVD_DEVICE_URI) == 0)
                     {
-                        type = PAYLOAD_TYPE_DEVICE;
+                        type = PAYLOAD_TYPE_REPRESENTATION;
                     }
                     else if (strcmp(cbNode->requestUri, OC_RSRVD_PLATFORM_URI) == 0)
                     {
-                        type = PAYLOAD_TYPE_PLATFORM;
+                        type = PAYLOAD_TYPE_REPRESENTATION;
                     }
+
 #ifdef ROUTING_GATEWAY
                     else if (strcmp(cbNode->requestUri, OC_RSRVD_GATEWAY_URI) == 0)
                     {
@@ -1185,12 +1468,19 @@ void HandleCAResponses(const CAEndpoint_t* endPoint, const CAResponseInfo_t* res
 #endif
                     else if (strcmp(cbNode->requestUri, OC_RSRVD_RD_URI) == 0)
                     {
-                        type = PAYLOAD_TYPE_RD;
+                        type = PAYLOAD_TYPE_REPRESENTATION;
+                    }
+#ifdef TCP_ADAPTER
+                    else if (strcmp(cbNode->requestUri, OC_RSRVD_KEEPALIVE_URI) == 0)
+                    {
+                        type = PAYLOAD_TYPE_REPRESENTATION;
                     }
+#endif
                     else
                     {
-                        OC_LOG_V(ERROR, TAG, "Unknown Payload type in Discovery: %d %s",
+                        OIC_LOG_V(ERROR, TAG, "Unknown Payload type in Discovery: %d %s",
                                 cbNode->method, cbNode->requestUri);
+                        OICFree((void *)response.resourceUri);
                         return;
                     }
                 }
@@ -1201,35 +1491,55 @@ void HandleCAResponses(const CAEndpoint_t* endPoint, const CAResponseInfo_t* res
                          cbNode->method == OC_REST_OBSERVE_ALL ||
                          cbNode->method == OC_REST_DELETE)
                 {
-                    char targetUri[MAX_URI_LENGTH];
-                    snprintf(targetUri, MAX_URI_LENGTH, "%s?rt=%s",
-                            OC_RSRVD_RD_URI, OC_RSRVD_RESOURCE_TYPE_RDPUBLISH);
-                    if (strcmp(targetUri, cbNode->requestUri) == 0)
+                    if (cbNode->requestUri)
                     {
-                        type = PAYLOAD_TYPE_RD;
+                        if (0 == strcmp(OC_RSRVD_PLATFORM_URI, cbNode->requestUri))
+                        {
+                            type = PAYLOAD_TYPE_REPRESENTATION;
+                        }
+                        else if (0 == strcmp(OC_RSRVD_DEVICE_URI, cbNode->requestUri))
+                        {
+                            type = PAYLOAD_TYPE_REPRESENTATION;
+                        }
+                        if (type == PAYLOAD_TYPE_INVALID)
+                        {
+                            OIC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "Assuming PAYLOAD_TYPE_REPRESENTATION: %d %s",
+                                    cbNode->method, cbNode->requestUri);
+                            type = PAYLOAD_TYPE_REPRESENTATION;
+                        }
                     }
-                    if (type == PAYLOAD_TYPE_INVALID)
+                    else
                     {
-                        OC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "Assuming PAYLOAD_TYPE_REPRESENTATION: %d %s",
-                                cbNode->method, cbNode->requestUri);
+                        OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "No Request URI, PROXY URI");
                         type = PAYLOAD_TYPE_REPRESENTATION;
                     }
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    OC_LOG_V(ERROR, TAG, "Unknown Payload type: %d %s",
+                    OIC_LOG_V(ERROR, TAG, "Unknown Payload type: %d %s",
                             cbNode->method, cbNode->requestUri);
+                    OICFree((void *)response.resourceUri);
                     return;
                 }
 
-                if(OC_STACK_OK != OCParsePayload(&response.payload,
+                // In case of error, still want application to receive the error message.
+                if (OCResultToSuccess(response.result) || PAYLOAD_TYPE_REPRESENTATION == type)
+                {
+                    if(OC_STACK_OK != OCParsePayload(&response.payload,
                             type,
                             responseInfo->info.payload,
                             responseInfo->info.payloadSize))
+                    {
+                        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Error converting payload");
+                        OCPayloadDestroy(response.payload);
+                        OICFree((void *)response.resourceUri);
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
                 {
-                    OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Error converting payload");
-                    OCPayloadDestroy(response.payload);
-                    return;
+                    OICFree((void *)response.resourceUri);
+                    response.resourceUri = OICStrdup(cbNode->requestUri);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -1238,7 +1548,8 @@ void HandleCAResponses(const CAEndpoint_t* endPoint, const CAResponseInfo_t* res
             {
                 int start = 0;
                 //First option always with option ID is COAP_OPTION_OBSERVE if it is available.
-                if(responseInfo->info.options[0].optionID == COAP_OPTION_OBSERVE)
+                if(responseInfo->info.options
+                   && responseInfo->info.options[0].optionID == COAP_OPTION_OBSERVE)
                 {
                     size_t i;
                     uint32_t observationOption;
@@ -1251,7 +1562,6 @@ void HandleCAResponses(const CAEndpoint_t* endPoint, const CAResponseInfo_t* res
                             (observationOption << 8) | optionData[i];
                     }
                     response.sequenceNumber = observationOption;
-
                     response.numRcvdVendorSpecificHeaderOptions = responseInfo->info.numOptions - 1;
                     start = 1;
                 }
@@ -1262,30 +1572,92 @@ void HandleCAResponses(const CAEndpoint_t* endPoint, const CAResponseInfo_t* res
 
                 if(response.numRcvdVendorSpecificHeaderOptions > MAX_HEADER_OPTIONS)
                 {
-                    OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "#header options are more than MAX_HEADER_OPTIONS");
+                    OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "#header options are more than MAX_HEADER_OPTIONS");
                     OCPayloadDestroy(response.payload);
+                    OICFree((void *)response.resourceUri);
                     return;
                 }
 
-                for (uint8_t i = start; i < responseInfo->info.numOptions; i++)
+                if (response.numRcvdVendorSpecificHeaderOptions > 0)
                 {
-                    memcpy (&(response.rcvdVendorSpecificHeaderOptions[i-start]),
-                            &(responseInfo->info.options[i]), sizeof(OCHeaderOption));
+                    response.rcvdVendorSpecificHeaderOptions =
+                        (OCHeaderOption *) OICCalloc(response.numRcvdVendorSpecificHeaderOptions, sizeof(OCHeaderOption));
+                    if (NULL == response.rcvdVendorSpecificHeaderOptions)
+                    {
+                        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Failed to allocate memory for vendor header options");
+                        OCPayloadDestroy(response.payload);
+                        OICFree((void *)response.resourceUri);
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    memcpy(response.rcvdVendorSpecificHeaderOptions, responseInfo->info.options + start,
+                        response.numRcvdVendorSpecificHeaderOptions*sizeof(OCHeaderOption));
                 }
             }
 
             if (cbNode->method == OC_REST_OBSERVE &&
                 response.sequenceNumber > OC_OFFSET_SEQUENCE_NUMBER &&
+                cbNode->sequenceNumber <=  MAX_SEQUENCE_NUMBER &&
                 response.sequenceNumber <= cbNode->sequenceNumber)
             {
-                OC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "Received stale notification. Number :%d",
+                OIC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "Received stale notification. Number :%d",
                                                  response.sequenceNumber);
             }
             else
             {
+#ifdef RD_CLIENT
+                if (cbNode->requestUri)
+                {
+                    // if request uri is '/oic/rd', update ins value of resource.
+                    char *targetUri = strstr(cbNode->requestUri, OC_RSRVD_RD_URI);
+                    if (targetUri)
+                    {
+                        OCUpdateResourceInsWithResponse(cbNode->requestUri, &response);
+                    }
+                }
+#endif
+                // set remoteID(device ID) into OCClientResponse callback parameter
+                if (OC_REST_DISCOVER == cbNode->method)
+                {
+                    OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "cbNode method is OC_REST_DISCOVER");
+                    OCDiscoveryPayload *payload = (OCDiscoveryPayload*) response.payload;
+                    // Payload can be empty in case of error message.
+                    if (payload && payload->sid)
+                    {
+                        OICStrcpy(response.devAddr.remoteId, sizeof(response.devAddr.remoteId),
+                                  payload->sid);
+                        OIC_LOG_V(INFO_PRIVATE, TAG, "Device ID of response : %s",
+                                  response.devAddr.remoteId);
+                    }
+
+                    if(NULL == response.resourceUri)
+                    {
+                        response.resourceUri = OICStrdup(cbNode->requestUri);
+                    }
+                }
+#ifdef TCP_ADAPTER
+                if (cbNode->requestUri)
+                {
+                    OIC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "cbNode requestUri is %s", cbNode->requestUri);
+                    if (cbNode->method == OC_REST_POST &&
+                            strcmp(cbNode->requestUri, OC_RSRVD_KEEPALIVE_URI) == 0)
+                    {
+                        OCHandleKeepAliveResponse(endPoint, response.payload);
+                    }
+                }
+#endif
+                if (response.payload && response.payload->type == PAYLOAD_TYPE_REPRESENTATION)
+                {
+                    OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Handle batch response");
+                    HandleBatchResponse(cbNode->requestUri, (OCRepPayload **)&response.payload);
+                }
+
+                OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Before calling into application address space for handleResponse");
                 OCStackApplicationResult appFeedback = cbNode->callBack(cbNode->context,
                                                                         cbNode->handle,
                                                                         &response);
+                OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "After calling into application address space for handleResponse");
+
                 cbNode->sequenceNumber = response.sequenceNumber;
 
                 if (appFeedback == OC_STACK_DELETE_TRANSACTION)
@@ -1303,40 +1675,51 @@ void HandleCAResponses(const CAEndpoint_t* endPoint, const CAResponseInfo_t* res
             //Need to send ACK when the response is CON
             if(responseInfo->info.type == CA_MSG_CONFIRM)
             {
-                SendDirectStackResponse(endPoint, responseInfo->info.messageId, CA_EMPTY,
-                        CA_MSG_ACKNOWLEDGE, 0, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL);
+                if (!(endPoint->adapter & CA_ADAPTER_TCP))
+                {
+                    OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Received a confirmable message. Sending EMPTY");
+                    SendDirectStackResponse(endPoint, responseInfo->info.messageId, CA_EMPTY,
+                        CA_MSG_ACKNOWLEDGE, 0, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, CA_RESPONSE_FOR_RES);
+                }
             }
 
+            OICFree((void *)response.resourceUri);
             OCPayloadDestroy(response.payload);
+            OICFree(response.rcvdVendorSpecificHeaderOptions);
         }
         return;
     }
 
+    ResourceObserver * observer = GetObserverUsingToken (responseInfo->info.token,
+            responseInfo->info.tokenLength);
+
     if(observer)
     {
-        OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "There is an observer associated with the response token");
+        OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "There is an observer associated with the response token");
         if(responseInfo->result == CA_EMPTY)
         {
-            OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Receiving A ACK/RESET for this token");
+            OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Receiving A ACK/RESET for this token");
             if(responseInfo->info.type == CA_MSG_RESET)
             {
-                OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "This is a RESET");
+                OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "This is a RESET");
                 OCStackFeedBack(responseInfo->info.token, responseInfo->info.tokenLength,
                         OC_OBSERVER_NOT_INTERESTED);
             }
             else if(responseInfo->info.type == CA_MSG_ACKNOWLEDGE)
             {
-                OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "This is a pure ACK");
+                OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "This is a pure ACK");
                 OCStackFeedBack(responseInfo->info.token, responseInfo->info.tokenLength,
                         OC_OBSERVER_STILL_INTERESTED);
             }
         }
         else if(responseInfo->result == CA_RETRANSMIT_TIMEOUT)
         {
-            OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Receiving Time Out for an observer");
+            OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Receiving Time Out for an observer");
             OCStackFeedBack(responseInfo->info.token, responseInfo->info.tokenLength,
                     OC_OBSERVER_FAILED_COMM);
         }
+
+        FreeObserver(observer);
         return;
     }
 
@@ -1345,61 +1728,130 @@ void HandleCAResponses(const CAEndpoint_t* endPoint, const CAResponseInfo_t* res
         if(myStackMode == OC_CLIENT || myStackMode == OC_CLIENT_SERVER
            || myStackMode == OC_GATEWAY)
         {
-            OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "This is a client, but no cbNode was found for token");
+            OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "This is a client, but no cbNode was found for token");
             if(responseInfo->result == CA_EMPTY)
             {
-                OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Receiving CA_EMPTY in the ocstack");
+                OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Receiving CA_EMPTY in the ocstack");
             }
             else
             {
-                OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Received a message without callbacks. Sending RESET");
-                SendDirectStackResponse(endPoint, responseInfo->info.messageId, CA_EMPTY,
-                        CA_MSG_RESET, 0, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL);
+                if (!(endPoint->adapter & CA_ADAPTER_TCP))
+                {
+                    OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Received a message without callbacks. Sending RESET");
+                    SendDirectStackResponse(endPoint, responseInfo->info.messageId, CA_EMPTY,
+                                            CA_MSG_RESET, 0, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL,
+                                            CA_RESPONSE_FOR_RES);
+                }
             }
         }
 
         if(myStackMode == OC_SERVER || myStackMode == OC_CLIENT_SERVER
            || myStackMode == OC_GATEWAY)
         {
-            OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "This is a server, but no observer was found for token");
+            OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "This is a server, but no observer was found for token");
             if (responseInfo->info.type == CA_MSG_ACKNOWLEDGE)
             {
-                OC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "Received ACK at server for messageId : %d",
+                OIC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "Received ACK at server for messageId : %d",
                                             responseInfo->info.messageId);
             }
             if (responseInfo->info.type == CA_MSG_RESET)
             {
-                OC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "Received RESET at server for messageId : %d",
+                OIC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "Received RESET at server for messageId : %d",
                                             responseInfo->info.messageId);
             }
         }
 
         return;
     }
+}
+
+void HandleCAResponses(const CAEndpoint_t* endPoint, const CAResponseInfo_t* responseInfo)
+{
+    VERIFY_NON_NULL_NR(endPoint, FATAL);
+    VERIFY_NON_NULL_NR(responseInfo, FATAL);
+
+    OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Enter HandleCAResponses");
+    OIC_TRACE_BEGIN(%s:HandleCAResponses, TAG);
+
+#if defined (ROUTING_GATEWAY) || defined (ROUTING_EP)
+#ifdef ROUTING_GATEWAY
+    bool needRIHandling = false;
+    /*
+     * Routing manager is going to update either of endpoint or response or both.
+     * This typecasting is done to avoid unnecessary duplication of Endpoint and responseInfo
+     * RM can update "routeData" option in endPoint so that future RI requests can be sent to proper
+     * destination.
+     */
+    OCStackResult ret = RMHandleResponse((CAResponseInfo_t *)responseInfo, (CAEndpoint_t *)endPoint,
+                                         &needRIHandling);
+    if(ret != OC_STACK_OK || !needRIHandling)
+    {
+        OIC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "Routing status![%d]. Not forwarding to RI", ret);
+        OIC_TRACE_END();
+        return;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    /*
+     * Put source in sender endpoint so that the next packet from application can be routed to
+     * proper destination and remove "RM" coap header option before passing request / response to
+     * RI as this option will make no sense to either RI or application.
+     */
+    RMUpdateInfo((CAHeaderOption_t **) &(responseInfo->info.options),
+                 (uint8_t *) &(responseInfo->info.numOptions),
+                 (CAEndpoint_t *) endPoint);
+#endif
 
-    OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Exit HandleCAResponses");
+    OCHandleResponse(endPoint, responseInfo);
+    OIC_TRACE_END();
+    OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Exit HandleCAResponses");
 }
 
 /*
  * This function handles error response from CA
  * code shall be added to handle the errors
  */
-void HandleCAErrorResponse(const CAEndpoint_t *endPoint, const CAErrorInfo_t *errrorInfo)
+void HandleCAErrorResponse(const CAEndpoint_t *endPoint, const CAErrorInfo_t *errorInfo)
 {
-    OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Enter HandleCAErrorResponse");
+    VERIFY_NON_NULL_NR(endPoint, FATAL);
+    VERIFY_NON_NULL_NR(errorInfo, FATAL);
+
+    OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Enter HandleCAErrorResponse");
+    OIC_TRACE_BEGIN(%s:HandleCAErrorResponse, TAG);
 
-    if(NULL == endPoint)
+    ClientCB *cbNode = GetClientCB(errorInfo->info.token,
+                                   errorInfo->info.tokenLength, NULL, NULL);
+    if (cbNode)
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "endPoint is NULL");
-        return;
+        OCClientResponse response = { .devAddr = { .adapter = OC_DEFAULT_ADAPTER } };
+        CopyEndpointToDevAddr(endPoint, &response.devAddr);
+        FixUpClientResponse(&response);
+        response.resourceUri = errorInfo->info.resourceUri;
+        memcpy(response.identity.id, errorInfo->info.identity.id,
+               sizeof (response.identity.id));
+        response.identity.id_length = errorInfo->info.identity.id_length;
+        response.result = CAResultToOCResult(errorInfo->result);
+
+        OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Before calling into application address space for error response");
+        cbNode->callBack(cbNode->context, cbNode->handle, &response);
+        OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "After calling into application address space for error response");
     }
 
-    if(NULL == errrorInfo)
+    ResourceObserver *observer = GetObserverUsingToken(errorInfo->info.token,
+                                                       errorInfo->info.tokenLength);
+    if (observer)
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "errrorInfo is NULL");
-        return;
+        OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Receiving communication error for an observer");
+        OCStackResult result = CAResultToOCResult(errorInfo->result);
+        if (OC_STACK_COMM_ERROR == result)
+        {
+            OCStackFeedBack(errorInfo->info.token, errorInfo->info.tokenLength,
+                            OC_OBSERVER_FAILED_COMM);
+        }
     }
-    OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Exit HandleCAErrorResponse");
+
+    OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Exit HandleCAErrorResponse");
+    OIC_TRACE_END();
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1410,11 +1862,18 @@ void HandleCAErrorResponse(const CAEndpoint_t *endPoint, const CAErrorInfo_t *er
 OCStackResult SendDirectStackResponse(const CAEndpoint_t* endPoint, const uint16_t coapID,
         const CAResponseResult_t responseResult, const CAMessageType_t type,
         const uint8_t numOptions, const CAHeaderOption_t *options,
-        CAToken_t token, uint8_t tokenLength, const char *resourceUri)
+        CAToken_t token, uint8_t tokenLength, const char *resourceUri,
+        CADataType_t dataType)
 {
-    CAResponseInfo_t respInfo = {
-        .result = responseResult
-    };
+    OIC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "Entering SendDirectStackResponse");
+
+    if (endPoint->flags & CA_MULTICAST)
+    {
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "It is unnecessary to respond to a multicast request");
+        return OC_STACK_OK;
+    }
+
+    CAResponseInfo_t respInfo = { .result = responseResult };
     respInfo.info.messageId = coapID;
     respInfo.info.numOptions = numOptions;
 
@@ -1433,76 +1892,149 @@ OCStackResult SendDirectStackResponse(const CAEndpoint_t* endPoint, const uint16
     respInfo.info.type = type;
     respInfo.info.resourceUri = OICStrdup (resourceUri);
     respInfo.info.acceptFormat = CA_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
+    respInfo.info.dataType = dataType;
 
 #if defined (ROUTING_GATEWAY) || defined (ROUTING_EP)
     // Add the destination to route option from the endpoint->routeData.
-    OCStackResult result = RMAddInfo(endPoint->routeData,
-                                     &(respInfo.info.options),
-                                     &(respInfo.info.numOptions));
+    bool doPost = false;
+    OCStackResult result = RMAddInfo(endPoint->routeData, &respInfo, false, &doPost);
     if(OC_STACK_OK != result)
     {
-        OC_LOG_V(ERROR, TAG, "Add routing option failed [%d]", result);
+        OIC_LOG_V(ERROR, TAG, "Add routing option failed [%d]", result);
+        OICFree (respInfo.info.resourceUri);
+        OICFree (respInfo.info.options);
         return result;
     }
-#endif
-
-    CAResult_t caResult = CASendResponse(endPoint, &respInfo);
+    if (doPost)
+    {
+        OIC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "Sending a POST message for EMPTY ACK in Client Mode");
+        CARequestInfo_t reqInfo = {.method = CA_POST };
+        /* The following initialization is not done in a single initializer block as in
+         * arduino, .c file is compiled as .cpp and moves it from C99 to C++11.  The latter
+         * does not have designated initalizers. This is a work-around for now.
+         */
+        reqInfo.info.type = CA_MSG_NONCONFIRM;
+        reqInfo.info.messageId = coapID;
+        reqInfo.info.tokenLength = tokenLength;
+        reqInfo.info.token = token;
+        reqInfo.info.numOptions = respInfo.info.numOptions;
+        reqInfo.info.payload = NULL;
+        reqInfo.info.resourceUri = OICStrdup (OC_RSRVD_GATEWAY_URI);
+        if (reqInfo.info.numOptions)
+        {
+            reqInfo.info.options =
+                (CAHeaderOption_t *)OICCalloc(reqInfo.info.numOptions, sizeof(CAHeaderOption_t));
+            if (NULL == reqInfo.info.options)
+            {
+                OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Calloc failed");
+                OICFree (reqInfo.info.resourceUri);
+                OICFree (respInfo.info.resourceUri);
+                OICFree (respInfo.info.options);
+                return OC_STACK_NO_MEMORY;
+            }
+            memcpy (reqInfo.info.options, respInfo.info.options,
+                    sizeof(CAHeaderOption_t) * reqInfo.info.numOptions);
 
-    // resourceUri in the info field is cloned in the CA layer and
-    // thus ownership is still here.
-    OICFree (respInfo.info.resourceUri);
-    OICFree (respInfo.info.options);
-    if(CA_STATUS_OK != caResult)
+        }
+        CAResult_t caResult = CASendRequest(endPoint, &reqInfo);
+        OICFree (reqInfo.info.resourceUri);
+        OICFree (reqInfo.info.options);
+        OICFree (respInfo.info.resourceUri);
+        OICFree (respInfo.info.options);
+        if (CA_STATUS_OK != caResult)
+        {
+            OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "CASendRequest error");
+            return CAResultToOCResult(caResult);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+#endif
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "CASendResponse error");
-        return CAResultToOCResult(caResult);
+        CAResult_t caResult = CASendResponse(endPoint, &respInfo);
+
+        // resourceUri in the info field is cloned in the CA layer and
+        // thus ownership is still here.
+        OICFree (respInfo.info.resourceUri);
+        OICFree (respInfo.info.options);
+        if(CA_STATUS_OK != caResult)
+        {
+            OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "CASendResponse error");
+            return CAResultToOCResult(caResult);
+        }
     }
+    OIC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "Exit SendDirectStackResponse");
     return OC_STACK_OK;
 }
 
-//This function will be called back by CA layer when a request is received
-void HandleCARequests(const CAEndpoint_t* endPoint, const CARequestInfo_t* requestInfo)
+OCStackResult HandleStackRequests(OCServerProtocolRequest * protocolRequest)
 {
-    OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Enter HandleCARequests");
-    if(!endPoint)
+    OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Entering HandleStackRequests (OCStack Layer)");
+    OCStackResult result = OC_STACK_ERROR;
+    if(!protocolRequest)
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "endPoint is NULL");
-        return;
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "protocolRequest is NULL");
+        return OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM;
     }
 
-    if(!requestInfo)
+    OCServerRequest * request = GetServerRequestUsingToken(protocolRequest->requestToken,
+            protocolRequest->tokenLength);
+    if(!request)
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "requestInfo is NULL");
-        return;
+        OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "This is a new Server Request");
+        result = AddServerRequest(&request, protocolRequest->coapID,
+                protocolRequest->delayedResNeeded, 0, protocolRequest->method,
+                protocolRequest->numRcvdVendorSpecificHeaderOptions,
+                protocolRequest->observationOption, protocolRequest->qos,
+                protocolRequest->query, protocolRequest->rcvdVendorSpecificHeaderOptions,
+                protocolRequest->payload, protocolRequest->requestToken,
+                protocolRequest->tokenLength, protocolRequest->resourceUrl,
+                protocolRequest->reqTotalSize, protocolRequest->acceptFormat,
+                &protocolRequest->devAddr);
+        if (OC_STACK_OK != result)
+        {
+            OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Error adding server request");
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        if(!request)
+        {
+            OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Out of Memory");
+            return OC_STACK_NO_MEMORY;
+        }
+
+        if(!protocolRequest->reqMorePacket)
+        {
+            request->requestComplete = 1;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "This is either a repeated or blocked Server Request");
     }
 
-#if defined (ROUTING_GATEWAY) || defined (ROUTING_EP)
-#ifdef ROUTING_GATEWAY
-    bool needRIHandling = false;
-    /*
-     * Routing manager is going to update either of endpoint or request or both.
-     * This typecasting is done to avoid unnecessary duplication of Endpoint and requestInfo
-     * RM can update "routeData" option in endPoint so that future RI requests can be sent to proper
-     * destination. It can also remove "RM" coap header option before passing request / response to
-     * RI as this option will make no sense to either RI or application.
-     */
-    OCStackResult ret = RMHandleRequest((CARequestInfo_t *)requestInfo, (CAEndpoint_t *)endPoint,
-                                     &needRIHandling);
-    if(OC_STACK_OK != ret || !needRIHandling)
+    if(request->requestComplete)
     {
-        OC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "Routing status![%d]. Not forwarding to RI", ret);
-        return;
+        OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "This Server Request is complete");
+        ResourceHandling resHandling = OC_RESOURCE_VIRTUAL;
+        OCResource *resource = NULL;
+        result = DetermineResourceHandling (request, &resHandling, &resource);
+        if (result == OC_STACK_OK)
+        {
+            result = ProcessRequest(resHandling, resource, request);
+        }
     }
-#endif
+    else
+    {
+        OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "This Server Request is incomplete");
+        result = OC_STACK_CONTINUE;
+    }
+    return result;
+}
 
-    /*
-     * Put source in sender endpoint so that the next packet from application can be routed to
-     * proper destination and remove RM header option.
-     */
-    RMUpdateInfo((CAHeaderOption_t **) &(requestInfo->info.options),
-                 (uint8_t *) &(requestInfo->info.numOptions),
-                 (CAEndpoint_t *) endPoint);
-#endif
+void OCHandleRequests(const CAEndpoint_t* endPoint, const CARequestInfo_t* requestInfo)
+{
+    OIC_TRACE_MARK(%s:OCHandleRequests:%s, TAG, requestInfo->info.resourceUri);
+    OIC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "Enter OCHandleRequests");
 
     OCStackResult requestResult = OC_STACK_ERROR;
 
@@ -1514,7 +2046,7 @@ void HandleCARequests(const CAEndpoint_t* endPoint, const CARequestInfo_t* reque
 
     OCServerProtocolRequest serverRequest = {0};
 
-    OC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "Endpoint URI : %s", requestInfo->info.resourceUri);
+    OIC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "Endpoint URI : %s", requestInfo->info.resourceUri);
 
     char * uriWithoutQuery = NULL;
     char * query  = NULL;
@@ -1523,11 +2055,11 @@ void HandleCARequests(const CAEndpoint_t* endPoint, const CARequestInfo_t* reque
 
     if (requestResult != OC_STACK_OK || !uriWithoutQuery)
     {
-        OC_LOG_V(ERROR, TAG, "getQueryFromUri() failed with OC error code %d\n", requestResult);
+        OIC_LOG_V(ERROR, TAG, "getQueryFromUri() failed with OC error code %d\n", requestResult);
         return;
     }
-    OC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "URI without query: %s", uriWithoutQuery);
-    OC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "Query : %s", query);
+    OIC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "URI without query: %s", uriWithoutQuery);
+    OIC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "Query : %s", query);
 
     if(strlen(uriWithoutQuery) < MAX_URI_LENGTH)
     {
@@ -1536,7 +2068,7 @@ void HandleCARequests(const CAEndpoint_t* endPoint, const CARequestInfo_t* reque
     }
     else
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "URI length exceeds MAX_URI_LENGTH.");
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "URI length exceeds MAX_URI_LENGTH.");
         OICFree(uriWithoutQuery);
         OICFree(query);
         return;
@@ -1551,7 +2083,7 @@ void HandleCARequests(const CAEndpoint_t* endPoint, const CARequestInfo_t* reque
         }
         else
         {
-            OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Query length exceeds MAX_QUERY_LENGTH.");
+            OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Query length exceeds MAX_QUERY_LENGTH.");
             OICFree(query);
             return;
         }
@@ -1561,6 +2093,11 @@ void HandleCARequests(const CAEndpoint_t* endPoint, const CARequestInfo_t* reque
     {
         serverRequest.reqTotalSize = requestInfo->info.payloadSize;
         serverRequest.payload = (uint8_t *) OICMalloc(requestInfo->info.payloadSize);
+        if (!serverRequest.payload)
+        {
+            OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Allocation for payload failed.");
+            return;
+        }
         memcpy (serverRequest.payload, requestInfo->info.payload,
                 requestInfo->info.payloadSize);
     }
@@ -1584,33 +2121,39 @@ void HandleCARequests(const CAEndpoint_t* endPoint, const CARequestInfo_t* reque
             serverRequest.method = OC_REST_DELETE;
             break;
         default:
-            OC_LOG_V(ERROR, TAG, "Received CA method %d not supported", requestInfo->method);
+            OIC_LOG_V(ERROR, TAG, "Received CA method %d not supported", requestInfo->method);
             SendDirectStackResponse(endPoint, requestInfo->info.messageId, CA_BAD_REQ,
                         requestInfo->info.type, requestInfo->info.numOptions,
                         requestInfo->info.options, requestInfo->info.token,
-                        requestInfo->info.tokenLength, requestInfo->info.resourceUri);
+                        requestInfo->info.tokenLength, requestInfo->info.resourceUri,
+                        CA_RESPONSE_DATA);
             OICFree(serverRequest.payload);
             return;
     }
 
-    OC_LOG_BUFFER(INFO, TAG, (const uint8_t *)requestInfo->info.token,
+    OIC_LOG_BUFFER(INFO, TAG, (const uint8_t *)requestInfo->info.token,
             requestInfo->info.tokenLength);
-    serverRequest.requestToken = (CAToken_t)OICMalloc(requestInfo->info.tokenLength);
+
     serverRequest.tokenLength = requestInfo->info.tokenLength;
+    if (serverRequest.tokenLength) {
+        // Non empty token
+        serverRequest.requestToken = (CAToken_t)OICMalloc(requestInfo->info.tokenLength);
 
-    if (!serverRequest.requestToken)
-    {
-        OC_LOG(FATAL, TAG, "Allocation for token failed.");
-        SendDirectStackResponse(endPoint, requestInfo->info.messageId, CA_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
-                requestInfo->info.type, requestInfo->info.numOptions,
-                requestInfo->info.options, requestInfo->info.token,
-                requestInfo->info.tokenLength, requestInfo->info.resourceUri);
-        OICFree(serverRequest.payload);
-        return;
-    }
-    memcpy(serverRequest.requestToken, requestInfo->info.token, requestInfo->info.tokenLength);
-
-    switch (requestInfo->info.acceptFormat)
+        if (!serverRequest.requestToken)
+        {
+            OIC_LOG(FATAL, TAG, "Allocation for token failed.");
+            SendDirectStackResponse(endPoint, requestInfo->info.messageId, CA_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+                    requestInfo->info.type, requestInfo->info.numOptions,
+                    requestInfo->info.options, requestInfo->info.token,
+                    requestInfo->info.tokenLength, requestInfo->info.resourceUri,
+                    CA_RESPONSE_DATA);
+            OICFree(serverRequest.payload);
+            return;
+        }
+        memcpy(serverRequest.requestToken, requestInfo->info.token, requestInfo->info.tokenLength);
+    }
+
+    switch (requestInfo->info.acceptFormat)
     {
         case CA_FORMAT_APPLICATION_CBOR:
             serverRequest.acceptFormat = OC_FORMAT_CBOR;
@@ -1649,34 +2192,74 @@ void HandleCARequests(const CAEndpoint_t* endPoint, const CARequestInfo_t* reque
     GetObserveHeaderOption(&serverRequest.observationOption, requestInfo->info.options, &tempNum);
     if (requestInfo->info.numOptions > MAX_HEADER_OPTIONS)
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG,
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG,
                 "The request info numOptions is greater than MAX_HEADER_OPTIONS");
         SendDirectStackResponse(endPoint, requestInfo->info.messageId, CA_BAD_OPT,
                 requestInfo->info.type, requestInfo->info.numOptions,
                 requestInfo->info.options, requestInfo->info.token,
-                requestInfo->info.tokenLength, requestInfo->info.resourceUri);
+                requestInfo->info.tokenLength, requestInfo->info.resourceUri,
+                CA_RESPONSE_DATA);
         OICFree(serverRequest.payload);
         OICFree(serverRequest.requestToken);
         return;
     }
+
     serverRequest.numRcvdVendorSpecificHeaderOptions = tempNum;
-    if (serverRequest.numRcvdVendorSpecificHeaderOptions)
+    if (serverRequest.numRcvdVendorSpecificHeaderOptions && requestInfo->info.options)
     {
-        memcpy (&(serverRequest.rcvdVendorSpecificHeaderOptions), requestInfo->info.options,
+        serverRequest.rcvdVendorSpecificHeaderOptions = (OCHeaderOption*) OICCalloc(tempNum, sizeof(OCHeaderOption));
+        if (NULL == serverRequest.rcvdVendorSpecificHeaderOptions)
+        {
+            OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Failed to allocated memory to vnd header options!");
+            OICFree(serverRequest.payload);
+            OICFree(serverRequest.requestToken);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        memcpy (serverRequest.rcvdVendorSpecificHeaderOptions, requestInfo->info.options,
             sizeof(CAHeaderOption_t)*tempNum);
     }
 
     requestResult = HandleStackRequests (&serverRequest);
 
     // Send ACK to client as precursor to slow response
-    if(requestResult == OC_STACK_SLOW_RESOURCE)
+    if (requestResult == OC_STACK_SLOW_RESOURCE)
+    {
+        if (requestInfo->info.type == CA_MSG_CONFIRM)
+        {
+            SendDirectStackResponse(endPoint, requestInfo->info.messageId, CA_EMPTY,
+                                    CA_MSG_ACKNOWLEDGE,0, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL,
+                                    CA_RESPONSE_DATA);
+        }
+    }
+#ifndef __TIZENRT__
+    if (requestResult == OC_STACK_RESOURCE_ERROR
+            && serverRequest.observationOption == OC_OBSERVE_REGISTER)
+    {
+        OIC_LOG_V(ERROR, TAG, "Observe Registration failed due to resource error");
+    }
+#else
+    if (serverRequest.observationOption == OC_OBSERVE_REGISTER)
     {
-        SendDirectStackResponse(endPoint, requestInfo->info.messageId, CA_EMPTY,
-                    CA_MSG_ACKNOWLEDGE,0, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL);
+        if (requestResult == OC_STACK_RESOURCE_ERROR)
+        {
+            OIC_LOG_V(ERROR, TAG, "Observe Registration failed due to resource error");
+        }
+        else if (!OCResultToSuccess(requestResult))
+        {
+            DeleteObserverUsingToken(requestInfo->info.token, requestInfo->info.tokenLength);
+        }
     }
-    else if(requestResult != OC_STACK_OK)
+#endif
+    else if(!OCResultToSuccess(requestResult))
     {
-        OC_LOG_V(ERROR, TAG, "HandleStackRequests failed. error: %d", requestResult);
+        OIC_LOG_V(ERROR, TAG, "HandleStackRequests failed. error: %d", requestResult);
+
+        // Delete observer node if it is OBSERVE failure from app
+        if (serverRequest.observationOption == OC_OBSERVE_REGISTER)
+        {
+            DeleteObserverUsingToken(requestInfo->info.token, requestInfo->info.tokenLength);
+        }
 
         CAResponseResult_t stackResponse =
             OCToCAStackResult(requestResult, serverRequest.method);
@@ -1684,114 +2267,89 @@ void HandleCARequests(const CAEndpoint_t* endPoint, const CARequestInfo_t* reque
         SendDirectStackResponse(endPoint, requestInfo->info.messageId, stackResponse,
                 requestInfo->info.type, requestInfo->info.numOptions,
                 requestInfo->info.options, requestInfo->info.token,
-                requestInfo->info.tokenLength, requestInfo->info.resourceUri);
+                requestInfo->info.tokenLength, requestInfo->info.resourceUri,
+                CA_RESPONSE_DATA);
     }
     // requestToken is fed to HandleStackRequests, which then goes to AddServerRequest.
     // The token is copied in there, and is thus still owned by this function.
     OICFree(serverRequest.payload);
     OICFree(serverRequest.requestToken);
-    OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Exit HandleCARequests");
+    OICFree(serverRequest.rcvdVendorSpecificHeaderOptions);
+    OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Exit OCHandleRequests");
 }
 
-OCStackResult HandleStackRequests(OCServerProtocolRequest * protocolRequest)
+//This function will be called back by CA layer when a request is received
+void HandleCARequests(const CAEndpoint_t* endPoint, const CARequestInfo_t* requestInfo)
 {
-    OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Entering HandleStackRequests (OCStack Layer)");
-    OCStackResult result = OC_STACK_ERROR;
-    ResourceHandling resHandling;
-    OCResource *resource;
-    if(!protocolRequest)
-    {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "protocolRequest is NULL");
-        return OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM;
-    }
-
-    OCServerRequest * request = GetServerRequestUsingToken(protocolRequest->requestToken,
-            protocolRequest->tokenLength);
-    if(!request)
-    {
-        OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "This is a new Server Request");
-        result = AddServerRequest(&request, protocolRequest->coapID,
-                protocolRequest->delayedResNeeded, 0, protocolRequest->method,
-                protocolRequest->numRcvdVendorSpecificHeaderOptions,
-                protocolRequest->observationOption, protocolRequest->qos,
-                protocolRequest->query, protocolRequest->rcvdVendorSpecificHeaderOptions,
-                protocolRequest->payload, protocolRequest->requestToken,
-                protocolRequest->tokenLength, protocolRequest->resourceUrl,
-                protocolRequest->reqTotalSize, protocolRequest->acceptFormat,
-                &protocolRequest->devAddr);
-        if (OC_STACK_OK != result)
-        {
-            OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Error adding server request");
-            return result;
-        }
-
-        if(!request)
-        {
-            OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Out of Memory");
-            return OC_STACK_NO_MEMORY;
-        }
-
-        if(!protocolRequest->reqMorePacket)
-        {
-            request->requestComplete = 1;
-        }
-    }
-    else
+    OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Enter HandleCARequests");
+    OIC_TRACE_BEGIN(%s:HandleCARequests, TAG);
+    if(!endPoint)
     {
-        OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "This is either a repeated or blocked Server Request");
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "endPoint is NULL");
+        OIC_TRACE_END();
+        return;
     }
 
-    if(request->requestComplete)
-    {
-        OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "This Server Request is complete");
-        result = DetermineResourceHandling (request, &resHandling, &resource);
-        if (result == OC_STACK_OK)
-        {
-            result = ProcessRequest(resHandling, resource, request);
-        }
-    }
-    else
+    if(!requestInfo)
     {
-        OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "This Server Request is incomplete");
-        result = OC_STACK_CONTINUE;
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "requestInfo is NULL");
+        OIC_TRACE_END();
+        return;
     }
-    return result;
-}
-
-bool validatePlatformInfo(OCPlatformInfo info)
-{
 
-    if (!info.platformID)
+#if defined (ROUTING_GATEWAY) || defined (ROUTING_EP)
+#ifdef ROUTING_GATEWAY
+    bool needRIHandling = false;
+    bool isEmptyMsg = false;
+    /*
+     * Routing manager is going to update either of endpoint or request or both.
+     * This typecasting is done to avoid unnecessary duplication of Endpoint and requestInfo
+     * RM can update "routeData" option in endPoint so that future RI requests can be sent to proper
+     * destination. It can also remove "RM" coap header option before passing request / response to
+     * RI as this option will make no sense to either RI or application.
+     */
+    OCStackResult ret = RMHandleRequest((CARequestInfo_t *)requestInfo, (CAEndpoint_t *)endPoint,
+                                        &needRIHandling, &isEmptyMsg);
+    if(OC_STACK_OK != ret || !needRIHandling)
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "No platform ID found.");
-        return false;
+        OIC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "Routing status![%d]. Not forwarding to RI", ret);
+        OIC_TRACE_END();
+        return;
     }
+#endif
 
-    if (info.manufacturerName)
-    {
-        size_t lenManufacturerName = strlen(info.manufacturerName);
+    /*
+     * Put source in sender endpoint so that the next packet from application can be routed to
+     * proper destination and remove RM header option.
+     */
+    RMUpdateInfo((CAHeaderOption_t **) &(requestInfo->info.options),
+                 (uint8_t *) &(requestInfo->info.numOptions),
+                 (CAEndpoint_t *) endPoint);
 
-        if(lenManufacturerName == 0 || lenManufacturerName > MAX_MANUFACTURER_NAME_LENGTH)
-        {
-            OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Manufacturer name fails length requirements.");
-            return false;
-        }
+#ifdef ROUTING_GATEWAY
+    if (isEmptyMsg)
+    {
+        /*
+         * In Gateways, the MSGType in route option is used to check if the actual
+         * response is EMPTY message(4 bytes CoAP Header).  In case of Client, the
+         * EMPTY response is sent in the form of POST request which need to be changed
+         * to a EMPTY response by RM.  This translation is done in this part of the code.
+         */
+        OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "This is a Empty response from the Client");
+        CAResponseInfo_t respInfo = {.result = CA_EMPTY,
+                                     .info.messageId = requestInfo->info.messageId,
+                                     .info.type = CA_MSG_ACKNOWLEDGE};
+        OCHandleResponse(endPoint, &respInfo);
     }
     else
+#endif
+#endif
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "No manufacturer name present");
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    if (info.manufacturerUrl)
-    {
-        if(strlen(info.manufacturerUrl) > MAX_MANUFACTURER_URL_LENGTH)
-        {
-            OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Manufacturer url fails length requirements.");
-            return false;
-        }
+        // Normal handling of the packet
+        OCHandleRequests(endPoint, requestInfo);
     }
-    return true;
+    OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Exit HandleCARequests");
+    OIC_TRACE_END();
 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1824,9 +2382,19 @@ OCStackResult OCInit(const char *ipAddr, uint16_t port, OCMode mode)
 
 OCStackResult OCInit1(OCMode mode, OCTransportFlags serverFlags, OCTransportFlags clientFlags)
 {
+    OC_UNUSED(serverFlags);
+    OC_UNUSED(clientFlags);
+
+    OIC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "call OCInit1");
+    return OCInit2(mode, OC_DEFAULT_FLAGS, OC_DEFAULT_FLAGS, OC_DEFAULT_ADAPTER);
+}
+
+OCStackResult OCInit2(OCMode mode, OCTransportFlags serverFlags, OCTransportFlags clientFlags,
+                      OCTransportAdapter transportType)
+{
     if(stackState == OC_STACK_INITIALIZED)
     {
-        OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Subsequent calls to OCInit() without calling \
+        OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Subsequent calls to OCInit() without calling \
                 OCStop() between them are ignored.");
         return OC_STACK_OK;
     }
@@ -1834,7 +2402,7 @@ OCStackResult OCInit1(OCMode mode, OCTransportFlags serverFlags, OCTransportFlag
 #ifndef ROUTING_GATEWAY
     if (OC_GATEWAY == mode)
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Routing Manager not supported");
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Routing Manager not supported");
         return OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM;
     }
 #endif
@@ -1842,19 +2410,19 @@ OCStackResult OCInit1(OCMode mode, OCTransportFlags serverFlags, OCTransportFlag
 #ifdef RA_ADAPTER
     if(!gRASetInfo)
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Need to call OCSetRAInfo before calling OCInit");
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Need to call OCSetRAInfo before calling OCInit");
         return OC_STACK_ERROR;
     }
 #endif
 
     OCStackResult result = OC_STACK_ERROR;
-    OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Entering OCInit");
+    OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Entering OCInit");
 
     // Validate mode
     if (!((mode == OC_CLIENT) || (mode == OC_SERVER) || (mode == OC_CLIENT_SERVER)
         || (mode == OC_GATEWAY)))
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Invalid mode");
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Invalid mode");
         return OC_STACK_ERROR;
     }
     myStackMode = mode;
@@ -1882,10 +2450,17 @@ OCStackResult OCInit1(OCMode mode, OCTransportFlags serverFlags, OCTransportFlag
     defaultDeviceHandler = NULL;
     defaultDeviceHandlerCallbackParameter = NULL;
 
-    result = CAResultToOCResult(CAInitialize());
+    result = InitializeScheduleResourceList();
+    VERIFY_SUCCESS(result, OC_STACK_OK);
+
+    result = CAResultToOCResult(CAInitialize((CATransportAdapter_t)transportType));
+    VERIFY_SUCCESS(result, OC_STACK_OK);
+
+    result = CAResultToOCResult(OCSelectNetwork(transportType));
     VERIFY_SUCCESS(result, OC_STACK_OK);
 
-    result = CAResultToOCResult(OCSelectNetwork());
+    result = CAResultToOCResult(CARegisterNetworkMonitorHandler(
+      OCDefaultAdapterStateChangedHandler, OCDefaultConnectionStateChangedHandler));
     VERIFY_SUCCESS(result, OC_STACK_OK);
 
     switch (myStackMode)
@@ -1893,12 +2468,12 @@ OCStackResult OCInit1(OCMode mode, OCTransportFlags serverFlags, OCTransportFlag
         case OC_CLIENT:
             CARegisterHandler(HandleCARequests, HandleCAResponses, HandleCAErrorResponse);
             result = CAResultToOCResult(CAStartDiscoveryServer());
-            OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Client mode: CAStartDiscoveryServer");
+            OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Client mode: CAStartDiscoveryServer");
             break;
         case OC_SERVER:
             SRMRegisterHandler(HandleCARequests, HandleCAResponses, HandleCAErrorResponse);
             result = CAResultToOCResult(CAStartListeningServer());
-            OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Server mode: CAStartListeningServer");
+            OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Server mode: CAStartListeningServer");
             break;
         case OC_CLIENT_SERVER:
         case OC_GATEWAY:
@@ -1912,6 +2487,10 @@ OCStackResult OCInit1(OCMode mode, OCTransportFlags serverFlags, OCTransportFlag
     }
     VERIFY_SUCCESS(result, OC_STACK_OK);
 
+#ifdef TCP_ADAPTER
+    CARegisterKeepAliveHandler(OCHandleKeepAliveConnCB);
+#endif
+
 #ifdef WITH_PRESENCE
     PresenceTimeOutSize = sizeof (PresenceTimeOut) / sizeof (PresenceTimeOut[0]) - 1;
 #endif // WITH_PRESENCE
@@ -1931,18 +2510,30 @@ OCStackResult OCInit1(OCMode mode, OCTransportFlags serverFlags, OCTransportFlag
         result = SRMInitPolicyEngine();
         // TODO after BeachHead delivery: consolidate into single SRMInit()
     }
-
+#if defined (ROUTING_GATEWAY) || defined (ROUTING_EP)
+    RMSetStackMode(mode);
 #ifdef ROUTING_GATEWAY
     if (OC_GATEWAY == myStackMode)
     {
         result = RMInitialize();
     }
 #endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef TCP_ADAPTER
+    if (result == OC_STACK_OK)
+    {
+        result = OCInitializeKeepAlive(myStackMode);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    InitializeObserverList();
 
 exit:
     if(result != OC_STACK_OK)
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Stack initialization error");
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Stack initialization error");
+        TerminateScheduleResourceList();
         deleteAllResources();
         CATerminate();
         stackState = OC_STACK_UNINITIALIZED;
@@ -1952,25 +2543,33 @@ exit:
 
 OCStackResult OCStop()
 {
-    OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Entering OCStop");
+    OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Entering OCStop");
 
     if (stackState == OC_STACK_UNINIT_IN_PROGRESS)
     {
-        OC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "Stack already stopping, exiting");
+        OIC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "Stack already stopping, exiting");
         return OC_STACK_OK;
     }
     else if (stackState != OC_STACK_INITIALIZED)
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Stack not initialized");
+        OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Stack not initialized");
         return OC_STACK_ERROR;
     }
 
+    // unset cautil config
+    CAUtilConfig_t configs = {(CATransportBTFlags_t)CA_DEFAULT_BT_FLAGS};
+    CAUtilSetBTConfigure(configs);
+
     stackState = OC_STACK_UNINIT_IN_PROGRESS;
 
+    CAUnregisterNetworkMonitorHandler(OCDefaultAdapterStateChangedHandler,
+                                      OCDefaultConnectionStateChangedHandler);
+
 #ifdef WITH_PRESENCE
     // Ensure that the TTL associated with ANY and ALL presence notifications originating from
     // here send with the code "OC_STACK_PRESENCE_STOPPED" result.
     presenceResource.presenceTTL = 0;
+    presenceState = OC_PRESENCE_UNINITIALIZED;
 #endif // WITH_PRESENCE
 
 #ifdef ROUTING_GATEWAY
@@ -1980,20 +2579,26 @@ OCStackResult OCStop()
     }
 #endif
 
-    // Free memory dynamically allocated for resources
-    deleteAllResources();
-    DeleteDeviceInfo();
-    DeletePlatformInfo();
-    CATerminate();
+#ifdef TCP_ADAPTER
+    OCTerminateKeepAlive(myStackMode);
+#endif
+
+    TerminateScheduleResourceList();
     // Remove all observers
     DeleteObserverList();
+    // Free memory dynamically allocated for resources
+    deleteAllResources();
     // Remove all the client callbacks
     DeleteClientCBList();
+    // Terminate connectivity-abstraction layer.
+    CATerminate();
 
     // De-init the SRM Policy Engine
     // TODO after BeachHead delivery: consolidate into single SRMDeInit()
     SRMDeInitPolicyEngine();
 
+    // Destroy Observer List Mutex
+    TerminateObserverList();
 
     stackState = OC_STACK_UNINITIALIZED;
     return OC_STACK_OK;
@@ -2003,13 +2608,13 @@ OCStackResult OCStartMulticastServer()
 {
     if(stackState != OC_STACK_INITIALIZED)
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "OCStack is not initalized. Cannot start multicast server.");
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "OCStack is not initalized. Cannot start multicast server.");
         return OC_STACK_ERROR;
     }
     CAResult_t ret = CAStartListeningServer();
     if (CA_STATUS_OK != ret)
     {
-        OC_LOG_V(ERROR, TAG, "Failed starting listening server: %d", ret);
+        OIC_LOG_V(ERROR, TAG, "Failed starting listening server: %d", ret);
         return OC_STACK_ERROR;
     }
     return OC_STACK_OK;
@@ -2020,7 +2625,7 @@ OCStackResult OCStopMulticastServer()
     CAResult_t ret = CAStopListeningServer();
     if (CA_STATUS_OK != ret)
     {
-        OC_LOG_V(ERROR, TAG, "Failed stopping listening server: %d", ret);
+        OIC_LOG_V(ERROR, TAG, "Failed stopping listening server: %d", ret);
         return OC_STACK_ERROR;
     }
     return OC_STACK_OK;
@@ -2040,51 +2645,12 @@ CAMessageType_t qualityOfServiceToMessageType(OCQualityOfService qos)
     }
 }
 
-OCStackResult verifyUriQueryLength(const char *inputUri, uint16_t uriLen)
-{
-    char *query;
-
-    query = strchr (inputUri, '?');
-
-    if (query != NULL)
-    {
-        if((query - inputUri) > MAX_URI_LENGTH)
-        {
-            return OC_STACK_INVALID_URI;
-        }
-
-        if((inputUri + uriLen - 1 - query) > MAX_QUERY_LENGTH)
-        {
-            return OC_STACK_INVALID_QUERY;
-        }
-    }
-    else if(uriLen > MAX_URI_LENGTH)
-    {
-        return OC_STACK_INVALID_URI;
-    }
-    return OC_STACK_OK;
-}
-
-/**
- *  A request uri consists of the following components in order:
- *                              example
- *  optionally one of
- *      CoAP over UDP prefix    "coap://"
- *      CoAP over TCP prefix    "coap+tcp://"
- *  optionally one of
- *      IPv6 address            "[1234::5678]"
- *      IPv4 address            "192.168.1.1"
- *  optional port               ":5683"
- *  resource uri                "/oc/core..."
- *
- *  for PRESENCE requests, extract resource type.
- */
-static OCStackResult ParseRequestUri(const char *fullUri,
-                                        OCTransportAdapter adapter,
-                                        OCTransportFlags flags,
-                                        OCDevAddr **devAddr,
-                                        char **resourceUri,
-                                        char **resourceType)
+OCStackResult ParseRequestUri(const char *fullUri,
+                              OCTransportAdapter adapter,
+                              OCTransportFlags flags,
+                              OCDevAddr **devAddr,
+                              char **resourceUri,
+                              char **resourceType)
 {
     VERIFY_NON_NULL(fullUri, FATAL, OC_STACK_INVALID_CALLBACK);
 
@@ -2125,7 +2691,8 @@ static OCStackResult ParseRequestUri(const char *fullUri,
     bool istcp = false;
     if (prefixLen)
     {
-        if ((prefixLen == sizeof(COAP_TCP) - 1) && (!strncmp(fullUri, COAP_TCP, prefixLen)))
+        if (((prefixLen == sizeof(COAP_TCP_SCHEME) - 1) && (!strncmp(fullUri, COAP_TCP_SCHEME, prefixLen)))
+        || ((prefixLen == sizeof(COAPS_TCP_SCHEME) - 1) && (!strncmp(fullUri, COAPS_TCP_SCHEME, prefixLen))))
         {
             istcp = true;
         }
@@ -2151,7 +2718,15 @@ static OCStackResult ParseRequestUri(const char *fullUri,
             {
                 colon = close + 1;
             }
-            adapter = (OCTransportAdapter)(adapter | OC_ADAPTER_IP);
+
+            if (istcp)
+            {
+                adapter = (OCTransportAdapter)(adapter | OC_ADAPTER_TCP);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                adapter = (OCTransportAdapter)(adapter | OC_ADAPTER_IP);
+            }
             flags = (OCTransportFlags)(flags | OC_IP_USE_V6);
         }
         else
@@ -2163,14 +2738,15 @@ static OCStackResult ParseRequestUri(const char *fullUri,
                 end = (colon && colon < slash) ? colon : slash;
 
                 if (istcp)
-                {   // coap over tcp
+                {
+                    // coap over tcp
                     adapter = (OCTransportAdapter)(adapter | OC_ADAPTER_TCP);
                 }
                 else
                 {
                     adapter = (OCTransportAdapter)(adapter | OC_ADAPTER_IP);
-                    flags = (OCTransportFlags)(flags | OC_IP_USE_V4);
                 }
+                flags = (OCTransportFlags)(flags | OC_IP_USE_V4);
             }
             else
             {   // MAC address
@@ -2207,11 +2783,19 @@ static OCStackResult ParseRequestUri(const char *fullUri,
         {
             return OC_STACK_NO_MEMORY;
         }
-        OICStrcpyPartial(da->addr, sizeof(da->addr), start, len);
+
+        // Decode address per RFC 6874.
+        result = OCDecodeAddressForRFC6874(da->addr, sizeof(da->addr), start, end);
+        if (result != OC_STACK_OK)
+        {
+             OICFree(*devAddr);
+             return result;
+        }
+
         da->port = port;
         da->adapter = adapter;
         da->flags = flags;
-        if (!strncmp(fullUri, "coaps:", 6))
+        if (!strncmp(fullUri, "coaps", 5))
         {
             da->flags = (OCTransportFlags)(da->flags|CA_SECURE);
         }
@@ -2241,7 +2825,7 @@ static OCStackResult ParseRequestUri(const char *fullUri,
                 result = OC_STACK_NO_MEMORY;
                 goto error;
             }
-            strcpy(*resourceUri, slash);
+            OICStrcpy(*resourceUri, (ulen + 1), slash);
         }
         // resource type
         if (type && resourceType)
@@ -2276,12 +2860,14 @@ error:
     return result;
 }
 
+#ifdef WITH_PRESENCE
 static OCStackResult OCPreparePresence(CAEndpoint_t *endpoint,
-                                        char *resourceUri, char **requestUri)
+                                       char **requestUri,
+                                       bool isMulticast)
 {
     char uri[CA_MAX_URI_LENGTH];
 
-    FormCanonicalPresenceUri(endpoint, resourceUri, uri);
+    FormCanonicalPresenceUri(endpoint, uri, isMulticast);
 
     *requestUri = OICStrdup(uri);
     if (!*requestUri)
@@ -2291,6 +2877,7 @@ static OCStackResult OCPreparePresence(CAEndpoint_t *endpoint,
 
     return OC_STACK_OK;
 }
+#endif // WITH_PRESENCE
 
 /**
  * Discover or Perform requests on a specified resource
@@ -2306,12 +2893,34 @@ OCStackResult OCDoResource(OCDoHandle *handle,
                             OCHeaderOption *options,
                             uint8_t numOptions)
 {
-    OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Entering OCDoResource");
+    OCStackResult ret = OCDoRequest(handle, method, requestUri,destination, payload,
+                connectivityType, qos, cbData, options, numOptions);
+
+    // This is the owner of the payload object, so we free it
+    OCPayloadDestroy(payload);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Discover or Perform requests on a specified resource
+ */
+OCStackResult OCDoRequest(OCDoHandle *handle,
+                            OCMethod method,
+                            const char *requestUri,
+                            const OCDevAddr *destination,
+                            OCPayload* payload,
+                            OCConnectivityType connectivityType,
+                            OCQualityOfService qos,
+                            OCCallbackData *cbData,
+                            OCHeaderOption *options,
+                            uint8_t numOptions)
+{
+    OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Entering OCDoResource");
+    OIC_TRACE_BEGIN(%s:OCDoRequest, TAG);
 
     // Validate input parameters
     VERIFY_NON_NULL(cbData, FATAL, OC_STACK_INVALID_CALLBACK);
     VERIFY_NON_NULL(cbData->cb, FATAL, OC_STACK_INVALID_CALLBACK);
-    VERIFY_NON_NULL(requestUri , FATAL, OC_STACK_INVALID_URI);
 
     OCStackResult result = OC_STACK_ERROR;
     CAResult_t caResult;
@@ -2331,24 +2940,24 @@ OCStackResult OCDoResource(OCDoHandle *handle,
     char *resourceUri = NULL;
     char *resourceType = NULL;
 
-    // This validation is broken, but doesn't cause harm
-    size_t uriLen = strlen(requestUri );
-    if ((result = verifyUriQueryLength(requestUri , uriLen)) != OC_STACK_OK)
-    {
-        goto exit;
-    }
-
     /*
      * Support original behavior with address on resourceUri argument.
      */
     adapter = (OCTransportAdapter)(connectivityType >> CT_ADAPTER_SHIFT);
     flags = (OCTransportFlags)(connectivityType & CT_MASK_FLAGS);
 
-    result = ParseRequestUri(requestUri, adapter, flags, &devAddr, &resourceUri, &resourceType);
-
-    if (result != OC_STACK_OK)
+    if (requestUri)
+    {
+        result = ParseRequestUri(requestUri, adapter, flags, &devAddr, &resourceUri, &resourceType);
+        if (result != OC_STACK_OK)
+        {
+            OIC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "Unable to parse uri: %s", requestUri);
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else if (!checkProxyUri(options, numOptions))
     {
-        OC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "Unable to parse uri: %s", requestUri);
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Request doesn't contain RequestURI/Proxy URI");
         goto exit;
     }
 
@@ -2357,7 +2966,6 @@ OCStackResult OCDoResource(OCDoHandle *handle,
     case OC_REST_GET:
     case OC_REST_OBSERVE:
     case OC_REST_OBSERVE_ALL:
-    case OC_REST_CANCEL_OBSERVE:
         requestInfo.method = CA_GET;
         break;
     case OC_REST_PUT:
@@ -2370,7 +2978,9 @@ OCStackResult OCDoResource(OCDoHandle *handle,
         requestInfo.method = CA_DELETE;
         break;
     case OC_REST_DISCOVER:
-        qos = OC_LOW_QOS;
+#ifdef WITH_PRESENCE
+    case OC_REST_PRESENCE:
+#endif
         if (destination || devAddr)
         {
             requestInfo.isMulticast = false;
@@ -2381,17 +2991,13 @@ OCStackResult OCDoResource(OCDoHandle *handle,
             tmpDevAddr.flags = flags;
             destination = &tmpDevAddr;
             requestInfo.isMulticast = true;
+            qos = OC_LOW_QOS;
         }
-        // CA_DISCOVER will become GET and isMulticast
-        requestInfo.method = CA_GET;
-        break;
-#ifdef WITH_PRESENCE
-    case OC_REST_PRESENCE:
-        // Replacing method type with GET because "presence"
-        // is a stack layer only implementation.
+        // OC_REST_DISCOVER: CA_DISCOVER will become GET and isMulticast.
+        // OC_REST_PRESENCE: Since "presence" is a stack layer only implementation.
+        //                   replacing method type with GET.
         requestInfo.method = CA_GET;
         break;
-#endif
     default:
         result = OC_STACK_INVALID_METHOD;
         goto exit;
@@ -2399,7 +3005,7 @@ OCStackResult OCDoResource(OCDoHandle *handle,
 
     if (!devAddr && !destination)
     {
-        OC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "no devAddr and no destination");
+        OIC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "no devAddr and no destination");
         result = OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM;
         goto exit;
     }
@@ -2413,9 +3019,20 @@ OCStackResult OCDoResource(OCDoHandle *handle,
             result = OC_STACK_NO_MEMORY;
             goto exit;
         }
+        OIC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "devAddr is set as destination");
         *devAddr = *destination;
     }
 
+    if (devAddr)
+    {
+        OIC_LOG_V(INFO_PRIVATE, TAG, "remoteId of devAddr : %s", devAddr->remoteId);
+        if (!requestInfo.isMulticast)
+        {
+            OIC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "remoteAddr of devAddr : [%s]:[%d]",
+                      devAddr->addr, devAddr->port);
+        }
+    }
+
     resHandle = GenerateInvocationHandle();
     if (!resHandle)
     {
@@ -2426,7 +3043,7 @@ OCStackResult OCDoResource(OCDoHandle *handle,
     caResult = CAGenerateToken(&token, tokenLength);
     if (caResult != CA_STATUS_OK)
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "CAGenerateToken error");
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "CAGenerateToken error");
         result= OC_STACK_ERROR;
         goto exit;
     }
@@ -2435,7 +3052,6 @@ OCStackResult OCDoResource(OCDoHandle *handle,
     requestInfo.info.type = qualityOfServiceToMessageType(qos);
     requestInfo.info.token = token;
     requestInfo.info.tokenLength = tokenLength;
-    requestInfo.info.resourceUri = resourceUri;
 
     if ((method == OC_REST_OBSERVE) || (method == OC_REST_OBSERVE_ALL))
     {
@@ -2464,7 +3080,7 @@ OCStackResult OCDoResource(OCDoHandle *handle,
             OCConvertPayload(payload, &requestInfo.info.payload, &requestInfo.info.payloadSize))
                 != OC_STACK_OK)
         {
-            OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Failed to create CBOR Payload");
+            OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Failed to create CBOR Payload");
             goto exit;
         }
         requestInfo.info.payloadFormat = CA_FORMAT_APPLICATION_CBOR;
@@ -2476,18 +3092,13 @@ OCStackResult OCDoResource(OCDoHandle *handle,
         requestInfo.info.payloadFormat = CA_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
     }
 
-    if (result != OC_STACK_OK)
-    {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "CACreateEndpoint error");
-        goto exit;
-    }
-
     // prepare for response
 #ifdef WITH_PRESENCE
     if (method == OC_REST_PRESENCE)
     {
         char *presenceUri = NULL;
-        result = OCPreparePresence(&endpoint, resourceUri, &presenceUri);
+        result = OCPreparePresence(&endpoint, &presenceUri,
+                                   requestInfo.isMulticast);
         if (OC_STACK_OK != result)
         {
             goto exit;
@@ -2496,10 +3107,17 @@ OCStackResult OCDoResource(OCDoHandle *handle,
         // Assign full presence uri as coap://ip:port/oic/ad to add to callback list.
         // Presence notification will form a canonical uri to
         // look for callbacks into the application.
+        if (resourceUri)
+        {
+            OICFree(resourceUri);
+        }
         resourceUri = presenceUri;
     }
 #endif
 
+    // update resourceUri onto requestInfo after check presence uri
+    requestInfo.info.resourceUri = resourceUri;
+
     ttl = GetTicks(MAX_CB_TIMEOUT_SECONDS * MILLISECONDS_PER_SECOND);
     result = AddClientCB(&clientCB, cbData, token, tokenLength, &resHandle,
                             method, devAddr, resourceUri, resourceType, ttl);
@@ -2508,10 +3126,25 @@ OCStackResult OCDoResource(OCDoHandle *handle,
         goto exit;
     }
 
+    token = NULL;         // Client CB list entry now owns it
     devAddr = NULL;       // Client CB list entry now owns it
     resourceUri = NULL;   // Client CB list entry now owns it
     resourceType = NULL;  // Client CB list entry now owns it
 
+#ifdef WITH_PRESENCE
+    if (method == OC_REST_PRESENCE)
+    {
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "AddClientCB for presence done.");
+
+        if (handle)
+        {
+            *handle = resHandle;
+        }
+
+        goto exit;
+    }
+#endif
+
     // send request
     result = OCSendRequest(&endpoint, &requestInfo);
     if (OC_STACK_OK != result)
@@ -2527,7 +3160,7 @@ OCStackResult OCDoResource(OCDoHandle *handle,
 exit:
     if (result != OC_STACK_OK)
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "OCDoResource error");
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "OCDoResource error");
         FindAndDeleteClientCB(clientCB);
         CADestroyToken(token);
         if (handle)
@@ -2537,13 +3170,12 @@ exit:
         OICFree(resHandle);
     }
 
-    // This is the owner of the payload object, so we free it
-    OCPayloadDestroy(payload);
     OICFree(requestInfo.info.payload);
     OICFree(devAddr);
     OICFree(resourceUri);
     OICFree(resourceType);
     OICFree(requestInfo.info.options);
+    OIC_TRACE_END();
     return result;
 }
 
@@ -2579,7 +3211,7 @@ OCStackResult OCCancel(OCDoHandle handle, OCQualityOfService qos, OCHeaderOption
     ClientCB *clientCB = GetClientCB(NULL, 0, handle, NULL);
     if (!clientCB)
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Callback not found. Called OCCancel on same resource twice?");
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Callback not found. Called OCCancel on same resource twice?");
         return OC_STACK_ERROR;
     }
 
@@ -2588,15 +3220,17 @@ OCStackResult OCCancel(OCDoHandle handle, OCQualityOfService qos, OCHeaderOption
         case OC_REST_OBSERVE:
         case OC_REST_OBSERVE_ALL:
 
-            OC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "Canceling observation for resource %s",
-                                        clientCB->requestUri);
-            if (qos != OC_HIGH_QOS)
+            OIC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "Canceling observation for resource %s", clientCB->requestUri);
+
+            CopyDevAddrToEndpoint(clientCB->devAddr, &endpoint);
+
+            if ((endpoint.adapter & CA_ADAPTER_IP) && qos != OC_HIGH_QOS)
             {
                 FindAndDeleteClientCB(clientCB);
                 break;
             }
 
-            OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Cancelling observation as CONFIRMABLE");
+            OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Cancelling observation as CONFIRMABLE");
 
             requestInfo.info.type = qualityOfServiceToMessageType(qos);
             requestInfo.info.token = clientCB->token;
@@ -2610,7 +3244,6 @@ OCStackResult OCCancel(OCDoHandle handle, OCQualityOfService qos, OCHeaderOption
             requestInfo.info.numOptions = numOptions + 1;
             requestInfo.info.resourceUri = OICStrdup (clientCB->requestUri);
 
-            CopyDevAddrToEndpoint(clientCB->devAddr, &endpoint);
 
             ret = OCSendRequest(&endpoint, &requestInfo);
 
@@ -2626,7 +3259,7 @@ OCStackResult OCCancel(OCDoHandle handle, OCQualityOfService qos, OCHeaderOption
             break;
 
         case OC_REST_DISCOVER:
-            OC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "Cancelling discovery callback for resource %s",
+            OIC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "Cancelling discovery callback for resource %s",
                                            clientCB->requestUri);
             FindAndDeleteClientCB(clientCB);
             break;
@@ -2636,6 +3269,14 @@ OCStackResult OCCancel(OCDoHandle handle, OCQualityOfService qos, OCHeaderOption
             FindAndDeleteClientCB(clientCB);
             break;
 #endif
+        case OC_REST_GET:
+        case OC_REST_PUT:
+        case OC_REST_POST:
+        case OC_REST_DELETE:
+            OIC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "Cancelling request callback for resource %s",
+                                           clientCB->requestUri);
+            FindAndDeleteClientCB(clientCB);
+            break;
 
         default:
             ret = OC_STACK_INVALID_METHOD;
@@ -2654,10 +3295,10 @@ OCStackResult OCCancel(OCDoHandle handle, OCQualityOfService qos, OCHeaderOption
  */
 OCStackResult OCRegisterPersistentStorageHandler(OCPersistentStorage* persistentStorageHandler)
 {
-    OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "RegisterPersistentStorageHandler !!");
+    OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "RegisterPersistentStorageHandler !!");
     if(!persistentStorageHandler)
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "The persistent storage handler is invalid");
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "The persistent storage handler is invalid");
         return OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM;
     }
     else
@@ -2668,7 +3309,7 @@ OCStackResult OCRegisterPersistentStorageHandler(OCPersistentStorage* persistent
                 !persistentStorageHandler->unlink ||
                 !persistentStorageHandler->write)
         {
-            OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "The persistent storage handler is invalid");
+            OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "The persistent storage handler is invalid");
             return OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM;
         }
     }
@@ -2683,7 +3324,7 @@ OCStackResult OCProcessPresence()
 
     // the following line floods the log with messages that are irrelevant
     // to most purposes.  Uncomment as needed.
-    //OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Entering RequestPresence");
+    //OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Entering RequestPresence");
     ClientCB* cbNode = NULL;
     OCClientResponse clientResponse;
     OCStackApplicationResult cbResult = OC_STACK_DELETE_TRANSACTION;
@@ -2696,9 +3337,9 @@ OCStackResult OCProcessPresence()
         }
 
         uint32_t now = GetTicks(0);
-        OC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "this TTL level %d",
+        OIC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "this TTL level %d",
                                                 cbNode->presence->TTLlevel);
-        OC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "current ticks %d", now);
+        OIC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "current ticks %d", now);
 
         if (cbNode->presence->TTLlevel > PresenceTimeOutSize)
         {
@@ -2707,12 +3348,12 @@ OCStackResult OCProcessPresence()
 
         if (cbNode->presence->TTLlevel < PresenceTimeOutSize)
         {
-            OC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "timeout ticks %d",
+            OIC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "timeout ticks %d",
                     cbNode->presence->timeOut[cbNode->presence->TTLlevel]);
         }
         if (cbNode->presence->TTLlevel >= PresenceTimeOutSize)
         {
-            OC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "No more timeout ticks");
+            OIC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "No more timeout ticks");
 
             clientResponse.sequenceNumber = 0;
             clientResponse.result = OC_STACK_PRESENCE_TIMEOUT;
@@ -2723,10 +3364,13 @@ OCStackResult OCProcessPresence()
             // Increment the TTLLevel (going to a next state), so we don't keep
             // sending presence notification to client.
             cbNode->presence->TTLlevel++;
-            OC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "moving to TTL level %d",
+            OIC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "moving to TTL level %d",
                                         cbNode->presence->TTLlevel);
 
+            OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Before calling into application address space for presence timeout");
             cbResult = cbNode->callBack(cbNode->context, cbNode->handle, &clientResponse);
+            OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "After calling into application address space for presence timeout");
+
             if (cbResult == OC_STACK_DELETE_TRANSACTION)
             {
                 FindAndDeleteClientCB(cbNode);
@@ -2742,7 +3386,7 @@ OCStackResult OCProcessPresence()
         CAInfo_t requestData = {.type = CA_MSG_CONFIRM};
         CARequestInfo_t requestInfo = {.method = CA_GET};
 
-        OC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "time to test server presence");
+        OIC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "time to test server presence");
 
         CopyDevAddrToEndpoint(cbNode->devAddr, &endpoint);
 
@@ -2760,12 +3404,12 @@ OCStackResult OCProcessPresence()
         }
 
         cbNode->presence->TTLlevel++;
-        OC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "moving to TTL level %d", cbNode->presence->TTLlevel);
+        OIC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "moving to TTL level %d", cbNode->presence->TTLlevel);
     }
 exit:
     if (result != OC_STACK_OK)
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "OCProcessPresence error");
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "OCProcessPresence error");
     }
 
     return result;
@@ -2774,6 +3418,11 @@ exit:
 
 OCStackResult OCProcess()
 {
+    if (stackState == OC_STACK_UNINITIALIZED)
+    {
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "OCProcess has failed. ocstack is not initialized");
+        return OC_STACK_ERROR;
+    }
 #ifdef WITH_PRESENCE
     OCProcessPresence();
 #endif
@@ -2782,12 +3431,17 @@ OCStackResult OCProcess()
 #ifdef ROUTING_GATEWAY
     RMProcess();
 #endif
+
+#ifdef TCP_ADAPTER
+    OCProcessKeepAlive();
+#endif
     return OC_STACK_OK;
 }
 
 #ifdef WITH_PRESENCE
 OCStackResult OCStartPresence(const uint32_t ttl)
 {
+    OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Entering OCStartPresence");
     uint8_t tokenLength = CA_MAX_TOKEN_LEN;
     OCChangeResourceProperty(
             &(((OCResource *)presenceResource.handle)->resourceProperties),
@@ -2796,18 +3450,20 @@ OCStackResult OCStartPresence(const uint32_t ttl)
     if (OC_MAX_PRESENCE_TTL_SECONDS < ttl)
     {
         presenceResource.presenceTTL = OC_MAX_PRESENCE_TTL_SECONDS;
-        OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Setting Presence TTL to max value");
+        OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Setting Presence TTL to max value");
     }
     else if (0 == ttl)
     {
         presenceResource.presenceTTL = OC_DEFAULT_PRESENCE_TTL_SECONDS;
-        OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Setting Presence TTL to default value");
+        OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Setting Presence TTL to default value");
     }
     else
     {
         presenceResource.presenceTTL = ttl;
     }
-    OC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "Presence TTL is %" PRIu32 " seconds", presenceResource.presenceTTL);
+#ifndef __TIZENRT__
+    OIC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "Presence TTL is %" PRIu32 " seconds", presenceResource.presenceTTL);
+#endif
 
     if (OC_PRESENCE_UNINITIALIZED == presenceState)
     {
@@ -2819,7 +3475,7 @@ OCStackResult OCStartPresence(const uint32_t ttl)
         CAResult_t caResult = CAGenerateToken(&caToken, tokenLength);
         if (caResult != CA_STATUS_OK)
         {
-            OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "CAGenerateToken error");
+            OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "CAGenerateToken error");
             CADestroyToken(caToken);
             return OC_STACK_ERROR;
         }
@@ -2839,6 +3495,7 @@ OCStackResult OCStartPresence(const uint32_t ttl)
 
 OCStackResult OCStopPresence()
 {
+    OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Entering OCStopPresence");
     OCStackResult result = OC_STACK_ERROR;
 
     if(presenceResource.handle)
@@ -2853,7 +3510,7 @@ OCStackResult OCStopPresence()
 
     if(result != OC_STACK_OK)
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG,
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG,
                       "Changing the presence resource properties to ACTIVE not successful");
         return result;
     }
@@ -2871,40 +3528,6 @@ OCStackResult OCSetDefaultDeviceEntityHandler(OCDeviceEntityHandler entityHandle
     return OC_STACK_OK;
 }
 
-OCStackResult OCSetPlatformInfo(OCPlatformInfo platformInfo)
-{
-    OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Entering OCSetPlatformInfo");
-
-    if(myStackMode ==  OC_SERVER || myStackMode == OC_CLIENT_SERVER || myStackMode == OC_GATEWAY)
-    {
-        if (validatePlatformInfo(platformInfo))
-        {
-            return SavePlatformInfo(platformInfo);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            return OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM;
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        return OC_STACK_ERROR;
-    }
-}
-
-OCStackResult OCSetDeviceInfo(OCDeviceInfo deviceInfo)
-{
-    OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Entering OCSetDeviceInfo");
-
-    if (!deviceInfo.deviceName || deviceInfo.deviceName[0] == '\0')
-    {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Null or empty device name.");
-        return OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM;
-    }
-
-    return SaveDeviceInfo(deviceInfo);
-}
-
 OCStackResult OCCreateResource(OCResourceHandle *handle,
         const char *resourceTypeName,
         const char *resourceInterfaceName,
@@ -2916,7 +3539,7 @@ OCStackResult OCCreateResource(OCResourceHandle *handle,
     OCResource *pointer = NULL;
     OCStackResult result = OC_STACK_ERROR;
 
-    OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Entering OCCreateResource");
+    OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Entering OCCreateResource");
 
     if(myStackMode == OC_CLIENT)
     {
@@ -2925,27 +3548,37 @@ OCStackResult OCCreateResource(OCResourceHandle *handle,
     // Validate parameters
     if(!uri || uri[0]=='\0' || strlen(uri)>=MAX_URI_LENGTH )
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "URI is empty or too long");
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "URI is empty or too long");
         return OC_STACK_INVALID_URI;
     }
     // Is it presented during resource discovery?
     if (!handle || !resourceTypeName || resourceTypeName[0] == '\0' )
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Input parameter is NULL");
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Input parameter is NULL");
         return OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM;
     }
 
-    if(!resourceInterfaceName || strlen(resourceInterfaceName) == 0)
+    if (!resourceInterfaceName || strlen(resourceInterfaceName) == 0)
     {
         resourceInterfaceName = OC_RSRVD_INTERFACE_DEFAULT;
     }
 
+#ifdef MQ_PUBLISHER
+    resourceProperties = resourceProperties | OC_MQ_PUBLISHER;
+#endif
     // Make sure resourceProperties bitmask has allowed properties specified
     if (resourceProperties
             > (OC_ACTIVE | OC_DISCOVERABLE | OC_OBSERVABLE | OC_SLOW | OC_SECURE |
-               OC_EXPLICIT_DISCOVERABLE))
+               OC_EXPLICIT_DISCOVERABLE
+#ifdef MQ_PUBLISHER
+               | OC_MQ_PUBLISHER
+#endif
+#ifdef MQ_BROKER
+               | OC_MQ_BROKER
+#endif
+               ))
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Invalid property");
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Invalid property");
         return OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM;
     }
 
@@ -2959,7 +3592,7 @@ OCStackResult OCCreateResource(OCResourceHandle *handle,
         {
             if (strncmp(uri, pointer->uri, MAX_URI_LENGTH) == 0)
             {
-                OC_LOG_V(ERROR, TAG, "Resource %s already exists", uri);
+                OIC_LOG_V(ERROR, TAG, "Resource %s already exists", uri);
                 return OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM;
             }
             pointer = pointer->next;
@@ -2992,7 +3625,7 @@ OCStackResult OCCreateResource(OCResourceHandle *handle,
     result = BindResourceTypeToResource(pointer, resourceTypeName);
     if (result != OC_STACK_OK)
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Error adding resourcetype");
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Error adding resourcetype");
         goto exit;
     }
 
@@ -3000,7 +3633,7 @@ OCStackResult OCCreateResource(OCResourceHandle *handle,
     result = BindResourceInterfaceToResource(pointer, resourceInterfaceName);
     if (result != OC_STACK_OK)
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Error adding resourceinterface");
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Error adding resourceinterface");
         goto exit;
     }
 
@@ -3017,6 +3650,9 @@ OCStackResult OCCreateResource(OCResourceHandle *handle,
         pointer->entityHandlerCallbackParam = NULL;
     }
 
+    // Initialize a pointer indicating child resources in case of collection
+    pointer->rsrcChildResourcesHead = NULL;
+
     *handle = pointer;
     result = OC_STACK_OK;
 
@@ -3036,14 +3672,14 @@ exit:
     return result;
 }
 
-
 OCStackResult OCBindResource(
         OCResourceHandle collectionHandle, OCResourceHandle resourceHandle)
 {
     OCResource *resource = NULL;
-    uint8_t i = 0;
+    OCChildResource *tempChildResource = NULL;
+    OCChildResource *newChildResource = NULL;
 
-    OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Entering OCBindResource");
+    OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Entering OCBindResource");
 
     // Validate parameters
     VERIFY_NON_NULL(collectionHandle, ERROR, OC_STACK_ERROR);
@@ -3051,7 +3687,7 @@ OCStackResult OCBindResource(
     // Container cannot contain itself
     if (collectionHandle == resourceHandle)
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Added handle equals collection handle");
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Added handle equals collection handle");
         return OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM;
     }
 
@@ -3059,43 +3695,62 @@ OCStackResult OCBindResource(
     resource = findResource((OCResource *) collectionHandle);
     if (!resource)
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Collection handle not found");
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Collection handle not found");
         return OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM;
     }
 
     // Look for an open slot to add add the child resource.
     // If found, add it and return success
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_CONTAINED_RESOURCES; i++)
+
+    tempChildResource = resource->rsrcChildResourcesHead;
+
+    while(resource->rsrcChildResourcesHead && tempChildResource->next)
     {
-        if (!resource->rsrcResources[i])
-        {
-            resource->rsrcResources[i] = (OCResource *) resourceHandle;
-            OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "resource bound");
+        // TODO: what if one of child resource was deregistered without unbinding?
+        tempChildResource = tempChildResource->next;
+    }
 
-#ifdef WITH_PRESENCE
-            if (presenceResource.handle)
-            {
-                ((OCResource *)presenceResource.handle)->sequenceNum = OCGetRandom();
-                SendPresenceNotification(((OCResource *) resourceHandle)->rsrcType,
-                        OC_PRESENCE_TRIGGER_CHANGE);
-            }
-#endif
-            return OC_STACK_OK;
+    // Do memory allocation for child resource
+    newChildResource = (OCChildResource *) OICCalloc(1, sizeof(OCChildResource));
+    if(!newChildResource)
+    {
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Adding new child resource is failed due to memory allocation failure");
+        return OC_STACK_ERROR;
+    }
 
-        }
+    newChildResource->rsrcResource = (OCResource *) resourceHandle;
+    newChildResource->next = NULL;
+
+    if(!resource->rsrcChildResourcesHead)
+    {
+        resource->rsrcChildResourcesHead = newChildResource;
+    }
+    else {
+        tempChildResource->next = newChildResource;
     }
 
-    // Unable to add resourceHandle, so return error
-    return OC_STACK_ERROR;
+    OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "resource bound");
+
+#ifdef WITH_PRESENCE
+    if (presenceResource.handle)
+    {
+        ((OCResource *)presenceResource.handle)->sequenceNum = OCGetRandom();
+        SendPresenceNotification(((OCResource *) resourceHandle)->rsrcType,
+                OC_PRESENCE_TRIGGER_CHANGE);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    return OC_STACK_OK;
 }
 
 OCStackResult OCUnBindResource(
         OCResourceHandle collectionHandle, OCResourceHandle resourceHandle)
 {
     OCResource *resource = NULL;
-    uint8_t i = 0;
+    OCChildResource *tempChildResource = NULL;
+    OCChildResource *tempLastChildResource = NULL;
 
-    OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Entering OCUnBindResource");
+    OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Entering OCUnBindResource");
 
     // Validate parameters
     VERIFY_NON_NULL(collectionHandle, ERROR, OC_STACK_ERROR);
@@ -3103,7 +3758,7 @@ OCStackResult OCUnBindResource(
     // Container cannot contain itself
     if (collectionHandle == resourceHandle)
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "removing handle equals collection handle");
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "removing handle equals collection handle");
         return OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM;
     }
 
@@ -3111,18 +3766,47 @@ OCStackResult OCUnBindResource(
     resource = findResource((OCResource *) collectionHandle);
     if (!resource)
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Collection handle not found");
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Collection handle not found");
         return OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM;
     }
 
     // Look for an open slot to add add the child resource.
     // If found, add it and return success
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_CONTAINED_RESOURCES; i++)
+    if(!resource->rsrcChildResourcesHead)
+    {
+        OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "resource not found in collection");
+
+        // Unable to add resourceHandle, so return error
+        return OC_STACK_ERROR;
+
+    }
+
+    tempChildResource = resource->rsrcChildResourcesHead;
+
+    while (tempChildResource)
     {
-        if (resourceHandle == resource->rsrcResources[i])
+        if(tempChildResource->rsrcResource == resourceHandle)
         {
-            resource->rsrcResources[i] = (OCResource *) NULL;
-            OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "resource unbound");
+            // if resource going to be unbinded is the head one.
+            if( tempChildResource == resource->rsrcChildResourcesHead )
+            {
+                OCChildResource *temp = resource->rsrcChildResourcesHead->next;
+                OICFree(resource->rsrcChildResourcesHead);
+                resource->rsrcChildResourcesHead = temp;
+                temp = NULL;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                OCChildResource *temp = tempChildResource->next;
+                OICFree(tempChildResource);
+                if (tempLastChildResource)
+                {
+                    tempLastChildResource->next = temp;
+                    temp = NULL;
+                }
+            }
+
+            OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "resource unbound");
 
             // Send notification when resource is unbounded successfully.
 #ifdef WITH_PRESENCE
@@ -3133,39 +3817,66 @@ OCStackResult OCUnBindResource(
                         OC_PRESENCE_TRIGGER_CHANGE);
             }
 #endif
+            tempChildResource = NULL;
+            tempLastChildResource = NULL;
+
             return OC_STACK_OK;
+
         }
+
+        tempLastChildResource = tempChildResource;
+        tempChildResource = tempChildResource->next;
     }
 
-    OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "resource not found in collection");
+    OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "resource not found in collection");
+
+    tempChildResource = NULL;
+    tempLastChildResource = NULL;
 
     // Unable to add resourceHandle, so return error
     return OC_STACK_ERROR;
 }
 
-// Precondition is that the parameter has been checked to not equal NULL.
 static bool ValidateResourceTypeInterface(const char *resourceItemName)
 {
-    if (resourceItemName[0] < 'a' || resourceItemName[0] > 'z')
+    if (!resourceItemName)
     {
         return false;
     }
-
-    size_t index = 1;
-    while (resourceItemName[index] != '\0')
+    // Per RFC 6690 only registered values must follow the first rule below.
+    // At this point in time the only values registered begin with "core", and
+    // all other values are specified as opaque strings where multiple values
+    // are separated by a space.
+    if (strncmp(resourceItemName, CORESPEC, sizeof(CORESPEC) - 1) == 0)
     {
-        if (resourceItemName[index] != '.' &&
-                resourceItemName[index] != '-' &&
-                (resourceItemName[index] < 'a' || resourceItemName[index] > 'z') &&
-                (resourceItemName[index] < '0' || resourceItemName[index] > '9'))
+        for(size_t index = sizeof(CORESPEC) - 1;  resourceItemName[index]; ++index)
         {
-            return false;
+            if (resourceItemName[index] != '.'
+                && resourceItemName[index] != '-'
+                && (resourceItemName[index] < 'a' || resourceItemName[index] > 'z')
+                && (resourceItemName[index] < '0' || resourceItemName[index] > '9'))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        for (size_t index = 0; resourceItemName[index]; ++index)
+        {
+            if (resourceItemName[index] == ' '
+                || resourceItemName[index] == '\t'
+                || resourceItemName[index] == '\r'
+                || resourceItemName[index] == '\n')
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
         }
-        ++index;
     }
 
     return true;
 }
+
 OCStackResult BindResourceTypeToResource(OCResource* resource,
                                             const char *resourceTypeName)
 {
@@ -3177,7 +3888,7 @@ OCStackResult BindResourceTypeToResource(OCResource* resource,
 
     if (!ValidateResourceTypeInterface(resourceTypeName))
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "resource type illegal (see RFC 6690)");
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "resource type illegal (see RFC 6690)");
         return OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM;
     }
 
@@ -3195,11 +3906,12 @@ OCStackResult BindResourceTypeToResource(OCResource* resource,
         goto exit;
     }
     pointer->resourcetypename = str;
+    pointer->next = NULL;
 
     insertResourceType(resource, pointer);
     result = OC_STACK_OK;
 
-    exit:
+exit:
     if (result != OC_STACK_OK)
     {
         OICFree(pointer);
@@ -3220,11 +3932,11 @@ OCStackResult BindResourceInterfaceToResource(OCResource* resource,
 
     if (!ValidateResourceTypeInterface(resourceInterfaceName))
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "resource /interface illegal (see RFC 6690)");
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "resource /interface illegal (see RFC 6690)");
         return OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM;
     }
 
-    OC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "Binding %s interface to %s", resourceInterfaceName, resource->uri);
+    OIC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "Binding %s interface to %s", resourceInterfaceName, resource->uri);
 
     pointer = (OCResourceInterface *) OICCalloc(1, sizeof(OCResourceInterface));
     if (!pointer)
@@ -3266,7 +3978,7 @@ OCStackResult OCBindResourceTypeToResource(OCResourceHandle handle,
     resource = findResource((OCResource *) handle);
     if (!resource)
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Resource not found");
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Resource not found");
         return OC_STACK_ERROR;
     }
 
@@ -3293,7 +4005,7 @@ OCStackResult OCBindResourceInterfaceToResource(OCResourceHandle handle,
     resource = findResource((OCResource *) handle);
     if (!resource)
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Resource not found");
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Resource not found");
         return OC_STACK_ERROR;
     }
 
@@ -3339,20 +4051,20 @@ OCStackResult OCDeleteResource(OCResourceHandle handle)
 {
     if (!handle)
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Invalid handle for deletion");
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Invalid handle for deletion");
         return OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM;
     }
 
     OCResource *resource = findResource((OCResource *) handle);
     if (resource == NULL)
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Resource not found");
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Resource not found");
         return OC_STACK_NO_RESOURCE;
     }
 
     if (deleteResource((OCResource *) handle) != OC_STACK_OK)
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Error deleting resource");
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Error deleting resource");
         return OC_STACK_ERROR;
     }
 
@@ -3458,19 +4170,30 @@ OCResourceHandle OCGetResourceHandleFromCollection(OCResourceHandle collectionHa
         uint8_t index)
 {
     OCResource *resource = NULL;
+    OCChildResource *tempChildResource = NULL;
+    uint8_t num = 0;
 
-    if (index >= MAX_CONTAINED_RESOURCES)
+    resource = findResource((OCResource *) collectionHandle);
+    if (!resource)
     {
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    resource = findResource((OCResource *) collectionHandle);
-    if (!resource)
+    tempChildResource = resource->rsrcChildResourcesHead;
+
+    while(tempChildResource)
     {
-        return NULL;
+        if( num == index )
+        {
+            return tempChildResource->rsrcResource;
+        }
+        num++;
+        tempChildResource = tempChildResource->next;
     }
 
-    return resource->rsrcResources[index];
+    // In this case, the number of resource handles in the collection exceeds the index
+    tempChildResource = NULL;
+    return NULL;
 }
 
 OCStackResult OCBindResourceHandler(OCResourceHandle handle,
@@ -3486,7 +4209,7 @@ OCStackResult OCBindResourceHandler(OCResourceHandle handle,
     resource = findResource((OCResource *)handle);
     if (!resource)
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Resource not found");
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Resource not found");
         return OC_STACK_ERROR;
     }
 
@@ -3512,7 +4235,7 @@ OCEntityHandler OCGetResourceHandler(OCResourceHandle handle)
     resource = findResource((OCResource *)handle);
     if (!resource)
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Resource not found");
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Resource not found");
         return NULL;
     }
 
@@ -3535,6 +4258,7 @@ void incrementSequenceNumber(OCResource * resPtr)
 OCStackResult SendPresenceNotification(OCResourceType *resourceType,
         OCPresenceTrigger trigger)
 {
+    OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "SendPresenceNotification");
     OCResource *resPtr = NULL;
     OCStackResult result = OC_STACK_ERROR;
     OCMethod method = OC_REST_PRESENCE;
@@ -3558,6 +4282,7 @@ OCStackResult SendPresenceNotification(OCResourceType *resourceType,
 
 OCStackResult SendStopNotification()
 {
+    OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "SendStopNotification");
     OCResource *resPtr = NULL;
     OCStackResult result = OC_STACK_ERROR;
     OCMethod method = OC_REST_PRESENCE;
@@ -3582,7 +4307,7 @@ OCStackResult OCNotifyAllObservers(OCResourceHandle handle, OCQualityOfService q
     OCMethod method = OC_REST_NOMETHOD;
     uint32_t maxAge = 0;
 
-    OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Notifying all observers");
+    OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Notifying all observers");
 #ifdef WITH_PRESENCE
     if(handle == presenceResource.handle)
     {
@@ -3620,7 +4345,7 @@ OCNotifyListOfObservers (OCResourceHandle handle,
                          const OCRepPayload       *payload,
                          OCQualityOfService qos)
 {
-    OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Entering OCNotifyListOfObservers");
+    OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Entering OCNotifyListOfObservers");
 
     OCResource *resPtr = NULL;
     //TODO: we should allow the server to define this
@@ -3645,10 +4370,11 @@ OCNotifyListOfObservers (OCResourceHandle handle,
 
 OCStackResult OCDoResponse(OCEntityHandlerResponse *ehResponse)
 {
+    OIC_TRACE_BEGIN(%s:OCDoResponse, TAG);
     OCStackResult result = OC_STACK_ERROR;
     OCServerRequest *serverRequest = NULL;
 
-    OC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Entering OCDoResponse");
+    OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Entering OCDoResponse");
 
     // Validate input parameters
     VERIFY_NON_NULL(ehResponse, ERROR, OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM);
@@ -3656,16 +4382,55 @@ OCStackResult OCDoResponse(OCEntityHandlerResponse *ehResponse)
 
     // Normal response
     // Get pointer to request info
-    serverRequest = GetServerRequestUsingHandle((OCServerRequest *)ehResponse->requestHandle);
+    serverRequest = GetServerRequestUsingHandle(ehResponse->requestHandle);
     if(serverRequest)
     {
         // response handler in ocserverrequest.c. Usually HandleSingleResponse.
         result = serverRequest->ehResponseHandler(ehResponse);
     }
 
+    OIC_TRACE_END();
     return result;
 }
 
+//#ifdef DIRECT_PAIRING
+const OCDPDev_t* OCDiscoverDirectPairingDevices(unsigned short waittime)
+{
+    OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Start OCDiscoverDirectPairingDevices");
+    if(OC_STACK_OK != DPDeviceDiscovery(waittime))
+    {
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Fail to discover Direct-Pairing device");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    return (const OCDPDev_t*)DPGetDiscoveredDevices();
+}
+
+const OCDPDev_t* OCGetDirectPairedDevices()
+{
+    return (const OCDPDev_t*)DPGetPairedDevices();
+}
+
+OCStackResult OCDoDirectPairing(void *ctx, OCDPDev_t* peer, OCPrm_t pmSel, char *pinNumber,
+                                                     OCDirectPairingCB resultCallback)
+{
+    OIC_LOG(INFO, TAG, "Start OCDoDirectPairing");
+    if(NULL ==  peer || NULL == pinNumber)
+    {
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Invalid parameters");
+        return OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM;
+    }
+    if (NULL == resultCallback)
+    {
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Invalid callback");
+        return OC_STACK_INVALID_CALLBACK;
+    }
+
+    return DPDirectPairing(ctx, (OCDirectPairingDev_t*)peer, (OicSecPrm_t)pmSel,
+                                           pinNumber, (OCDirectPairingResultCB)resultCallback);
+}
+//#endif // DIRECT_PAIRING
+
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Private internal function definitions
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -3693,7 +4458,7 @@ OCStackResult OCChangeResourceProperty(OCResourceProperty * inputProperty,
     if (resourceProperties
             > (OC_ACTIVE | OC_DISCOVERABLE | OC_OBSERVABLE | OC_SLOW))
     {
-        OC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Invalid property");
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Invalid property");
         return OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM;
     }
     if(!enable)
@@ -3739,6 +4504,7 @@ OCStackResult initResources()
 
     if(result == OC_STACK_OK)
     {
+        CreateResetProfile();
         result = OCCreateResource(&deviceResource,
                                   OC_RSRVD_RESOURCE_TYPE_DEVICE,
                                   OC_RSRVD_INTERFACE_DEFAULT,
@@ -3820,6 +4586,11 @@ void deleteAllResources()
 #endif // WITH_PRESENCE
         pointer = temp;
     }
+    memset(&platformResource, 0, sizeof(platformResource));
+    memset(&deviceResource, 0, sizeof(deviceResource));
+#ifdef MQ_BROKER
+    memset(&brokerResource, 0, sizeof(brokerResource));
+#endif
 
     SRMDeInitSecureResources();
 
@@ -3827,6 +4598,7 @@ void deleteAllResources()
     // Ensure that the last resource to be deleted is the presence resource. This allows for all
     // presence notification attributed to their deletion to be processed.
     deleteResource((OCResource *) presenceResource.handle);
+    memset(&presenceResource, 0, sizeof(presenceResource));
 #endif // WITH_PRESENCE
 }
 
@@ -3836,11 +4608,11 @@ OCStackResult deleteResource(OCResource *resource)
     OCResource *temp = NULL;
     if(!resource)
     {
-        OC_LOG(DEBUG,TAG,"resource is NULL");
+        OIC_LOG(DEBUG,TAG,"resource is NULL");
         return OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM;
     }
 
-    OC_LOG_V (INFO, TAG, "Deleting resource %s", resource->uri);
+    OIC_LOG_V (INFO, TAG, "Deleting resource %s", resource->uri);
 
     temp = headResource;
     while (temp)
@@ -3875,12 +4647,12 @@ OCStackResult deleteResource(OCResource *resource)
                 headResource = temp->next;
             }
             // Deleting tail.
-            else if (temp == tailResource)
+            else if (temp == tailResource && prev)
             {
                 tailResource = prev;
                 tailResource->next = NULL;
             }
-            else
+            else if (prev)
             {
                 prev->next = temp->next;
             }
@@ -3906,36 +4678,97 @@ void deleteResourceElements(OCResource *resource)
         return;
     }
 
-    OICFree(resource->uri);
-    deleteResourceType(resource->rsrcType);
-    deleteResourceInterface(resource->rsrcInterface);
+    if (resource->uri)
+    {
+        OICFree(resource->uri);
+        resource->uri = NULL;
+    }
+    if (resource->rsrcType)
+    {
+        deleteResourceType(resource->rsrcType);
+        resource->rsrcType = NULL;
+    }
+    if (resource->rsrcInterface)
+    {
+        deleteResourceInterface(resource->rsrcInterface);
+        resource->rsrcInterface = NULL;
+    }
+    if (resource->rsrcChildResourcesHead)
+    {
+        unbindChildResources(resource->rsrcChildResourcesHead);
+        resource->rsrcChildResourcesHead = NULL;
+    }
+    if (resource->rsrcAttributes)
+    {
+        OCDeleteResourceAttributes(resource->rsrcAttributes);
+        resource->rsrcAttributes = NULL;
+    }
+    resource = NULL;
 }
 
 void deleteResourceType(OCResourceType *resourceType)
 {
-    OCResourceType *pointer = resourceType;
     OCResourceType *next = NULL;
 
-    while (pointer)
+    for (OCResourceType *pointer = resourceType; pointer; pointer = next)
     {
-        next = pointer->next;
-        OICFree(pointer->resourcetypename);
+        next = pointer->next ? pointer->next : NULL;
+        if (pointer->resourcetypename)
+        {
+            OICFree(pointer->resourcetypename);
+            pointer->resourcetypename = NULL;
+        }
         OICFree(pointer);
-        pointer = next;
     }
 }
 
 void deleteResourceInterface(OCResourceInterface *resourceInterface)
 {
-    OCResourceInterface *pointer = resourceInterface;
     OCResourceInterface *next = NULL;
+    for (OCResourceInterface *pointer = resourceInterface; pointer; pointer = next)
+    {
+        next = pointer->next ? pointer->next : NULL;
+        if (pointer->name)
+        {
+            OICFree(pointer->name);
+            pointer->name = NULL;
+        }
+        OICFree(pointer);
+    }
+}
 
-    while (pointer)
+void unbindChildResources(OCChildResource *head)
+{
+    OCChildResource *next = NULL;
+    for (OCChildResource *current = head; current; current = next)
+    {
+        next = current->next;
+        OICFree(current);
+    }
+}
+
+void OCDeleteResourceAttributes(OCAttribute *rsrcAttributes)
+{
+    OCAttribute *next = NULL;
+    for (OCAttribute *pointer = rsrcAttributes; pointer; pointer = next)
     {
-        next = pointer->next;
-        OICFree(pointer->name);
+        next = pointer->next ? pointer->next : NULL;
+        if (pointer->attrName && 0 == strcmp(OC_RSRVD_DATA_MODEL_VERSION, pointer->attrName))
+        {
+            OCFreeOCStringLL((OCStringLL *)pointer->attrValue);
+            pointer->attrValue = NULL;
+        }
+        else if (pointer->attrValue)
+        {
+            OICFree(pointer->attrValue);
+            pointer->attrValue = NULL;
+        }
+        if (pointer->attrName)
+        {
+            OICFree(pointer->attrName);
+            pointer->attrName = NULL;
+        }
         OICFree(pointer);
-        pointer = next;
     }
 }
 
@@ -3960,7 +4793,7 @@ void insertResourceType(OCResource *resource, OCResourceType *resourceType)
         {
             if (!strcmp(resourceType->resourcetypename, pointer->resourcetypename))
             {
-                OC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "Type %s already exists", resourceType->resourcetypename);
+                OIC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "Type %s already exists", resourceType->resourcetypename);
                 OICFree(resourceType->resourcetypename);
                 OICFree(resourceType);
                 return;
@@ -3968,11 +4801,15 @@ void insertResourceType(OCResource *resource, OCResourceType *resourceType)
             previous = pointer;
             pointer = pointer->next;
         }
-        previous->next = resourceType;
+
+        if (previous)
+        {
+            previous->next = resourceType;
+        }
     }
     resourceType->next = NULL;
 
-    OC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "Added type %s to %s", resourceType->resourcetypename, resource->uri);
+    OIC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "Added type %s to %s", resourceType->resourcetypename, resource->uri);
 }
 
 OCResourceType *findResourceTypeAtIndex(OCResourceHandle handle, uint8_t index)
@@ -4009,6 +4846,7 @@ OCResourceType *findResourceType(OCResourceType * resourceTypeList, const char *
         OCResourceType * rtPointer = resourceTypeList;
         while(resourceTypeName && rtPointer)
         {
+            OIC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "current resourceType : %s", rtPointer->resourcetypename);
             if(rtPointer->resourcetypename &&
                     strcmp(resourceTypeName, (const char *)
                     (rtPointer->resourcetypename)) == 0)
@@ -4038,8 +4876,28 @@ void insertResourceInterface(OCResource *resource, OCResourceInterface *newInter
 
     if (!*firstInterface)
     {
-        *firstInterface = newInterface;
+        // If first interface is not oic.if.baseline, by default add it as first interface type.
+        if (0 == strcmp(newInterface->name, OC_RSRVD_INTERFACE_DEFAULT))
+        {
+            *firstInterface = newInterface;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            OCStackResult result = BindResourceInterfaceToResource(resource,
+                                                                    OC_RSRVD_INTERFACE_DEFAULT);
+            if (result != OC_STACK_OK)
+            {
+                OICFree(newInterface->name);
+                OICFree(newInterface);
+                return;
+            }
+            if (*firstInterface)
+            {
+                (*firstInterface)->next = newInterface;
+            }
+        }
     }
+    // If once add oic.if.baseline, later too below code take care of freeing memory.
     else if (strcmp(newInterface->name, OC_RSRVD_INTERFACE_DEFAULT) == 0)
     {
         if (strcmp((*firstInterface)->name, OC_RSRVD_INTERFACE_DEFAULT) == 0)
@@ -4048,6 +4906,7 @@ void insertResourceInterface(OCResource *resource, OCResourceInterface *newInter
             OICFree(newInterface);
             return;
         }
+        // This code will not hit anymore, keeping
         else
         {
             newInterface->next = *firstInterface;
@@ -4068,7 +4927,11 @@ void insertResourceInterface(OCResource *resource, OCResourceInterface *newInter
             previous = pointer;
             pointer = pointer->next;
         }
-        previous->next = newInterface;
+
+        if (previous)
+        {
+            previous->next = newInterface;
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -4164,56 +5027,36 @@ OCStackResult getQueryFromUri(const char * uri, char** query, char ** uriWithout
         return OC_STACK_NO_MEMORY;
 }
 
-const OicUuid_t* OCGetServerInstanceID(void)
-{
-    static bool generated = false;
-    static OicUuid_t sid;
-    if (generated)
-    {
-        return &sid;
-    }
-
-    if (GetDoxmDeviceID(&sid) != OC_STACK_OK)
-    {
-        OC_LOG(FATAL, TAG, "Generate UUID for Server Instance failed!");
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    generated = true;
-    return &sid;
-}
-
 const char* OCGetServerInstanceIDString(void)
 {
-    static bool generated = false;
     static char sidStr[UUID_STRING_SIZE];
-
-    if(generated)
+    OicUuid_t sid;
+    if (OC_STACK_OK != GetDoxmDeviceID(&sid))
     {
-        return sidStr;
+        OIC_LOG(FATAL, TAG, "GetDoxmDeviceID failed!");
+        return NULL;
     }
 
-    const OicUuid_t* sid = OCGetServerInstanceID();
-
-    if(OCConvertUuidToString(sid->id, sidStr) != RAND_UUID_OK)
+    if (OCConvertUuidToString(sid.id, sidStr) != RAND_UUID_OK)
     {
-        OC_LOG(FATAL, TAG, "Generate UUID String for Server Instance failed!");
+        OIC_LOG(FATAL, TAG, "Generate UUID String for Server Instance failed!");
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    generated = true;
     return sidStr;
 }
 
-CAResult_t OCSelectNetwork()
+CAResult_t OCSelectNetwork(OCTransportAdapter transportType)
 {
+    OIC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "OCSelectNetwork [%d]", transportType);
     CAResult_t retResult = CA_STATUS_FAILED;
     CAResult_t caResult = CA_STATUS_OK;
 
     CATransportAdapter_t connTypes[] = {
             CA_ADAPTER_IP,
             CA_ADAPTER_RFCOMM_BTEDR,
-            CA_ADAPTER_GATT_BTLE
-
+            CA_ADAPTER_GATT_BTLE,
+            CA_ADAPTER_NFC
 #ifdef RA_ADAPTER
             ,CA_ADAPTER_REMOTE_ACCESS
 #endif
@@ -4224,20 +5067,28 @@ CAResult_t OCSelectNetwork()
         };
     int numConnTypes = sizeof(connTypes)/sizeof(connTypes[0]);
 
-    for(int i = 0; i<numConnTypes; i++)
+    for(int i = 0; i < numConnTypes; i++)
     {
-        // Ignore CA_NOT_SUPPORTED error. The CA Layer may have not compiled in the interface.
-        if(caResult == CA_STATUS_OK || caResult == CA_NOT_SUPPORTED)
+        // If CA status is not initialized, CASelectNetwork() will not be called.
+        if (caResult != CA_STATUS_NOT_INITIALIZED)
         {
-           caResult = CASelectNetwork(connTypes[i]);
-           if(caResult == CA_STATUS_OK)
-           {
-               retResult = CA_STATUS_OK;
-           }
+            if ((connTypes[i] & transportType) || (OC_DEFAULT_ADAPTER == transportType))
+            {
+                OIC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "call CASelectNetwork [%d]", connTypes[i]);
+                caResult = CASelectNetwork(connTypes[i]);
+                if (caResult == CA_STATUS_OK)
+                {
+                    retResult = CA_STATUS_OK;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                OIC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "there is no transport type [%d]", connTypes[i]);
+            }
         }
     }
 
-    if(retResult != CA_STATUS_OK)
+    if (retResult != CA_STATUS_OK)
     {
         return caResult; // Returns error of appropriate transport that failed fatally.
     }
@@ -4281,3 +5132,484 @@ OCStackResult CAResultToOCResult(CAResult_t caResult)
             return OC_STACK_ERROR;
     }
 }
+
+bool OCResultToSuccess(OCStackResult ocResult)
+{
+    switch (ocResult)
+    {
+        case OC_STACK_OK:
+        case OC_STACK_RESOURCE_CREATED:
+        case OC_STACK_RESOURCE_DELETED:
+        case OC_STACK_CONTINUE:
+        case OC_STACK_RESOURCE_CHANGED:
+        case OC_STACK_SLOW_RESOURCE:
+            return true;
+        default:
+            return false;
+    }
+}
+
+#ifdef WITH_CHPROXY
+OCStackResult OCSetProxyURI(const char *uri)
+{
+    return CAResultToOCResult(CASetProxyUri(uri));
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(RD_CLIENT) || defined(RD_SERVER)
+OCStackResult OCBindResourceInsToResource(OCResourceHandle handle, int64_t ins)
+{
+    VERIFY_NON_NULL(handle, ERROR, OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM);
+
+    OCResource *resource = NULL;
+
+    resource = findResource((OCResource *) handle);
+    if (!resource)
+    {
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Resource not found");
+        return OC_STACK_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    resource->ins = ins;
+
+    return OC_STACK_OK;
+}
+
+
+OCStackResult OCUpdateResourceInsWithResponse(const char *requestUri,
+                                              const OCClientResponse *response)
+{
+    // Validate input parameters
+    VERIFY_NON_NULL(requestUri, ERROR, OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM);
+    VERIFY_NON_NULL(response, ERROR, OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM);
+
+    char *targetUri = (char *) OICMalloc(strlen(requestUri) + 1);
+    if (!targetUri)
+    {
+        return OC_STACK_NO_MEMORY;
+    }
+    strncpy(targetUri, requestUri, strlen(requestUri) + 1);
+
+    if (response->result == OC_STACK_RESOURCE_CHANGED) // publish message
+    {
+        OIC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "update the ins of published resource");
+
+        char rdPubUri[MAX_URI_LENGTH] = { 0 };
+        snprintf(rdPubUri, MAX_URI_LENGTH, "%s?rt=%s", OC_RSRVD_RD_URI,
+                 OC_RSRVD_RESOURCE_TYPE_RDPUBLISH);
+
+        if (strcmp(rdPubUri, targetUri) == 0)
+        {
+            // Update resource unique id in stack.
+            if (response)
+            {
+                if (response->payload)
+                {
+                    OCRepPayload *rdPayload = (OCRepPayload *) response->payload;
+                    OCRepPayload **links = NULL;
+                    size_t dimensions[MAX_REP_ARRAY_DEPTH] = { 0 };
+                    if (OCRepPayloadGetPropObjectArray(rdPayload, OC_RSRVD_LINKS,
+                                                       &links, dimensions))
+                    {
+                        size_t i = 0;
+                        for (; i < dimensions[0]; i++)
+                        {
+                            char *uri = NULL;
+                            if (OCRepPayloadGetPropString(links[i], OC_RSRVD_HREF, &uri))
+                            {
+                                OCResourceHandle handle = OCGetResourceHandleAtUri(uri);
+                                int64_t ins = 0;
+                                if (OCRepPayloadGetPropInt(links[i], OC_RSRVD_INS, &ins))
+                                {
+                                    OCBindResourceInsToResource(handle, ins);
+                                }
+
+                                OICFree(uri);
+                                uri = NULL;
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        // Free links
+                        size_t count = calcDimTotal(dimensions);
+                        for (size_t k = 0; k < count; k++)
+                        {
+                            OCRepPayloadDestroy(links[k]);
+                        }
+                        OICFree(links);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else if (response->result == OC_STACK_RESOURCE_DELETED) // delete message
+    {
+        OIC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "update the ins of deleted resource with 0");
+
+        uint8_t numResources = 0;
+        OCGetNumberOfResources(&numResources);
+
+        char *ins = strstr(targetUri, OC_RSRVD_INS);
+        if (!ins)
+        {
+            for (uint8_t i = 0; i < numResources; i++)
+            {
+                OCResourceHandle resHandle = OCGetResourceHandle(i);
+                if (resHandle)
+                {
+                    OCBindResourceInsToResource(resHandle, 0);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            const char *token = "&";
+            char *iterTokenPtr = NULL;
+            char *start = strtok_r(targetUri, token, &iterTokenPtr);
+
+             while (start != NULL)
+             {
+                 char *query = start;
+                 query = strstr(query, OC_RSRVD_INS);
+                 if (query)
+                 {
+                     int64_t queryIns = atoi(query + 4);
+                     for (uint8_t i = 0; i < numResources; i++)
+                     {
+                         OCResourceHandle resHandle = OCGetResourceHandle(i);
+                         if (resHandle)
+                         {
+                             int64_t resIns = 0;
+                             OCGetResourceIns(resHandle, &resIns);
+                             if (queryIns && queryIns == resIns)
+                             {
+                                 OCBindResourceInsToResource(resHandle, 0);
+                                 break;
+                             }
+                         }
+                     }
+                 }
+                 start = strtok_r(NULL, token, &iterTokenPtr);
+             }
+        }
+    }
+
+    OICFree(targetUri);
+    return OC_STACK_OK;
+}
+
+OCResourceHandle OCGetResourceHandleAtUri(const char *uri)
+{
+    if (!uri)
+    {
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Resource uri is NULL");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    OCResource *pointer = headResource;
+
+    while (pointer)
+    {
+        if (strncmp(uri, pointer->uri, MAX_URI_LENGTH) == 0)
+        {
+            OIC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "Found Resource %s", uri);
+            return pointer;
+        }
+        pointer = pointer->next;
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+OCStackResult OCGetResourceIns(OCResourceHandle handle, int64_t *ins)
+{
+    OCResource *resource = NULL;
+
+    VERIFY_NON_NULL(handle, ERROR, OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM);
+    VERIFY_NON_NULL(ins, ERROR, OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM);
+
+    resource = findResource((OCResource *) handle);
+    if (resource)
+    {
+        *ins = resource->ins;
+        return OC_STACK_OK;
+    }
+    return OC_STACK_ERROR;
+}
+#endif
+
+OCStackResult OCSetHeaderOption(OCHeaderOption* ocHdrOpt, size_t* numOptions, uint16_t optionID,
+                                const void* optionData, size_t optionDataLength)
+{
+    if (!ocHdrOpt)
+    {
+        OIC_LOG (INFO, TAG, "Header options are NULL");
+        return OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM;
+    }
+
+    if (!optionData)
+    {
+        OIC_LOG (INFO, TAG, "optionData are NULL");
+        return OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM;
+    }
+
+    if (!numOptions)
+    {
+        OIC_LOG (INFO, TAG, "numOptions is NULL");
+        return OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM;
+    }
+
+    if (*numOptions >= MAX_HEADER_OPTIONS)
+    {
+        OIC_LOG (INFO, TAG, "Exceeding MAX_HEADER_OPTIONS");
+        return OC_STACK_NO_MEMORY;
+    }
+
+    ocHdrOpt += *numOptions;
+    ocHdrOpt->protocolID = OC_COAP_ID;
+    ocHdrOpt->optionID = optionID;
+    ocHdrOpt->optionLength =
+            optionDataLength < MAX_HEADER_OPTION_DATA_LENGTH ?
+                    optionDataLength : MAX_HEADER_OPTION_DATA_LENGTH;
+    memcpy(ocHdrOpt->optionData, (const void*) optionData, ocHdrOpt->optionLength);
+    *numOptions += 1;
+
+    return OC_STACK_OK;
+}
+
+OCStackResult OCGetHeaderOption(OCHeaderOption* ocHdrOpt, size_t numOptions, uint16_t optionID,
+                                void* optionData, size_t optionDataLength, uint16_t* receivedDataLength)
+{
+    if (!ocHdrOpt || !numOptions)
+    {
+        OIC_LOG (INFO, TAG, "No options present");
+        return OC_STACK_OK;
+    }
+
+    if (!optionData)
+    {
+        OIC_LOG (INFO, TAG, "optionData are NULL");
+        return OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM;
+    }
+
+    if (!receivedDataLength)
+    {
+        OIC_LOG (INFO, TAG, "receivedDataLength is NULL");
+        return OC_STACK_INVALID_PARAM;
+    }
+
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < numOptions; i++)
+    {
+        if (ocHdrOpt[i].optionID == optionID)
+        {
+            if (optionDataLength >= ocHdrOpt->optionLength)
+            {
+                memcpy(optionData, ocHdrOpt->optionData, ocHdrOpt->optionLength);
+                *receivedDataLength = ocHdrOpt->optionLength;
+                return OC_STACK_OK;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                OIC_LOG (ERROR, TAG, "optionDataLength is less than the length of received data");
+                return OC_STACK_ERROR;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return OC_STACK_OK;
+}
+
+void OCDefaultAdapterStateChangedHandler(CATransportAdapter_t adapter, bool enabled)
+{
+    OIC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "OCDefaultAdapterStateChangedHandler");
+    if (g_adapterHandler)
+    {
+        g_adapterHandler(adapter, enabled);
+    }
+}
+
+void OCDefaultConnectionStateChangedHandler(const CAEndpoint_t *info, bool isConnected)
+{
+    OIC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "OCDefaultConnectionStateChangedHandler");
+    if (g_connectionHandler)
+    {
+       g_connectionHandler(info, isConnected);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * If the client observes one or more resources over a reliable connection,
+     * then the CoAP server (or intermediary in the role of the CoAP server)
+     * MUST remove all entries associated with the client endpoint from the lists
+     * of observers when the connection is either closed or times out.
+     */
+    if (!isConnected)
+    {
+        OCDevAddr devAddr = { OC_DEFAULT_ADAPTER };
+        CopyEndpointToDevAddr(info, &devAddr);
+
+        // remove observer list with remote device address.
+        DeleteObserverUsingDevAddr(&devAddr);
+    }
+}
+
+OCStackResult OCGetDeviceId(OCUUIdentity *deviceId)
+{
+    OicUuid_t oicUuid;
+    OCStackResult ret = OC_STACK_ERROR;
+
+    ret = GetDoxmDeviceID(&oicUuid);
+    if (OC_STACK_OK == ret)
+    {
+        memcpy(deviceId, &oicUuid, UUID_IDENTITY_SIZE);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Device ID Get error");
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+OCStackResult OCSetDeviceId(const OCUUIdentity *deviceId)
+{
+    OicUuid_t oicUuid;
+    OCStackResult ret = OC_STACK_ERROR;
+
+    memcpy(&oicUuid, deviceId, UUID_LENGTH);
+    for (int i = 0; i < UUID_LENGTH; i++)
+    {
+        OIC_LOG_V(INFO, TAG, "Set Device Id %x", oicUuid.id[i]);
+    }
+    ret = SetDoxmDeviceID(&oicUuid);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+OCStackResult OCGetDeviceOwnedState(bool *isOwned)
+{
+    bool isDeviceOwned = true;
+    OCStackResult ret = OC_STACK_ERROR;
+
+    ret = GetDoxmIsOwned(&isDeviceOwned);
+    if (OC_STACK_OK == ret)
+    {
+        *isOwned = isDeviceOwned;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        OIC_LOG(ERROR, TAG, "Device Owned State Get error");
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+void OCClearCallBackList()
+{
+    DeleteClientCBList();
+}
+
+void OCClearObserverlist()
+{
+    DeleteObserverList();
+}
+
+int OCEncrypt(const unsigned char *pt, size_t pt_len,
+        unsigned char **ct, size_t *ct_len)
+{
+#ifndef __SECURE_PSI__
+    OIC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "Not Supported : %s", __func__);
+    return 0;
+#else
+    OIC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "%s", __func__);
+
+    return psiEncrypt(pt, pt_len, ct, ct_len);
+#endif // __SECURE_PSI__
+}
+
+int OCDecrypt(const unsigned char *ct, size_t ct_len,
+        unsigned char **pt, size_t *pt_len)
+{
+#ifndef __SECURE_PSI__
+    OIC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "Not Supported : %s", __func__);
+    return 0;
+#else
+    OIC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "%s", __func__);
+
+    return psiDecrypt(ct, ct_len, pt, pt_len);
+#endif // __SECURE_PSI__
+}
+
+OCStackResult OCSetKey(const unsigned char* key)
+{
+#ifndef __SECURE_PSI__
+    OIC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "Not Supported : %s", __func__);
+    return OC_STACK_OK;
+#else
+    OIC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "%s", __func__);
+
+    return psiSetKey(key);
+#endif // __SECURE_PSI__
+}
+
+OCStackResult OCGetKey(unsigned char* key)
+{
+#ifndef __SECURE_PSI__
+    OIC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "Not Supported : %s", __func__);
+    return OC_STACK_OK;
+#else
+    OIC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "%s", __func__);
+
+    return psiGetKey(key);
+#endif // __SECURE_PSI__
+}
+
+OCStackResult OCSetSecurePSI(const unsigned char *key, const OCPersistentStorage *psPlain,
+        const OCPersistentStorage *psEnc, const OCPersistentStorage *psRescue)
+{
+#ifndef __SECURE_PSI__
+    OIC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "Not Supported : %s", __func__);
+    return OC_STACK_OK;
+#else
+    OIC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "%s", __func__);
+
+    return setSecurePSI(key, psPlain, psEnc, psRescue);
+#endif // __SECURE_PSI__
+}
+
+#if defined(__WITH_DTLS__) || defined (__WITH_TLS__)
+static void OtmEventHandler(const char *addr, uint16_t port, const char *uuid, int event)
+{
+    if (g_otmEventHandler.cb)
+    {
+        g_otmEventHandler.cb(g_otmEventHandler.ctx, addr, port, uuid, event);
+    }
+}
+
+/* TODO Work-around
+ * It is already declared in srmutility.h.
+ * We can't include the header file, because of "redefined VERIFY_NON_NULL"
+ */
+typedef void (*OicSecOtmEventHandler_t)(const char* addr, uint16_t port,
+        const char* uuid, int event);
+void SetOtmEventHandler(OicSecOtmEventHandler_t otmEventHandler);
+#endif
+
+OCStackResult OCSetOtmEventHandler(void *ctx, OCOtmEventHandler cb)
+{
+#if defined(__WITH_DTLS__) || defined (__WITH_TLS__)
+    OIC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "%s", __func__);
+
+    g_otmEventHandler.cb = cb;
+    g_otmEventHandler.ctx = ctx;
+
+    if (g_otmEventHandler.cb)
+    {
+        OIC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "SET OCOtmEventHandler");
+        SetOtmEventHandler(OtmEventHandler);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        OIC_LOG(DEBUG, TAG, "UNSET OCOtmEventHandler");
+        SetOtmEventHandler(NULL);
+    }
+#else
+    OIC_LOG_V(DEBUG, TAG, "Not Supported : %s", __func__);
+    OC_UNUSED(ctx);
+    OC_UNUSED(cb);
+#endif
+    return OC_STACK_OK;
+}