isl_qpolynomial_involves_dims: fix typo
[platform/upstream/isl.git] / isl_polynomial.c
index 7d86fd3..8a519d6 100644 (file)
@@ -9,11 +9,19 @@
  */
 
 #include <stdlib.h>
-#include <isl_seq.h>
+#include <isl_ctx_private.h>
+#include <isl_map_private.h>
+#include <isl_factorization.h>
+#include <isl/lp.h>
+#include <isl/seq.h>
+#include <isl_union_map_private.h>
 #include <isl_polynomial_private.h>
 #include <isl_point_private.h>
-#include <isl_dim.h>
-#include <isl_map_private.h>
+#include <isl_dim_private.h>
+#include <isl_div_private.h>
+#include <isl_mat_private.h>
+#include <isl_range.h>
+#include <isl_local_space_private.h>
 
 static unsigned pos(__isl_keep isl_dim *dim, enum isl_dim_type type)
 {
@@ -237,6 +245,20 @@ __isl_give struct isl_upoly *isl_upoly_zero(struct isl_ctx *ctx)
        return &cst->up;
 }
 
+__isl_give struct isl_upoly *isl_upoly_one(struct isl_ctx *ctx)
+{
+       struct isl_upoly_cst *cst;
+
+       cst = isl_upoly_cst_alloc(ctx);
+       if (!cst)
+               return NULL;
+
+       isl_int_set_si(cst->n, 1);
+       isl_int_set_si(cst->d, 1);
+
+       return &cst->up;
+}
+
 __isl_give struct isl_upoly *isl_upoly_infty(struct isl_ctx *ctx)
 {
        struct isl_upoly_cst *cst;
@@ -301,7 +323,7 @@ __isl_give struct isl_upoly_rec *isl_upoly_alloc_rec(struct isl_ctx *ctx,
 
        isl_assert(ctx, var >= 0, return NULL);
        isl_assert(ctx, size >= 0, return NULL);
-       rec = isl_calloc(dim->ctx, struct isl_upoly_rec,
+       rec = isl_calloc(ctx, struct isl_upoly_rec,
                        sizeof(struct isl_upoly_rec) +
                        (size - 1) * sizeof(struct isl_upoly *));
        if (!rec)
@@ -318,6 +340,23 @@ __isl_give struct isl_upoly_rec *isl_upoly_alloc_rec(struct isl_ctx *ctx,
        return rec;
 }
 
+__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_reset_dim(
+       __isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp, __isl_take isl_dim *dim)
+{
+       qp = isl_qpolynomial_cow(qp);
+       if (!qp || !dim)
+               goto error;
+
+       isl_dim_free(qp->dim);
+       qp->dim = dim;
+
+       return qp;
+error:
+       isl_qpolynomial_free(qp);
+       isl_dim_free(dim);
+       return NULL;
+}
+
 isl_ctx *isl_qpolynomial_get_ctx(__isl_keep isl_qpolynomial *qp)
 {
        return qp ? qp->dim->ctx : NULL;
@@ -328,6 +367,12 @@ __isl_give isl_dim *isl_qpolynomial_get_dim(__isl_keep isl_qpolynomial *qp)
        return qp ? isl_dim_copy(qp->dim) : NULL;
 }
 
+unsigned isl_qpolynomial_dim(__isl_keep isl_qpolynomial *qp,
+       enum isl_dim_type type)
+{
+       return qp ? isl_dim_size(qp->dim, type) : 0;
+}
+
 int isl_qpolynomial_is_zero(__isl_keep isl_qpolynomial *qp)
 {
        return qp ? isl_upoly_is_zero(qp->upoly) : -1;
@@ -632,7 +677,50 @@ error:
        return NULL;
 }
 
-__isl_give struct isl_upoly *isl_upoly_neg_cst(__isl_take struct isl_upoly *up)
+__isl_give struct isl_upoly *isl_upoly_cst_add_isl_int(
+       __isl_take struct isl_upoly *up, isl_int v)
+{
+       struct isl_upoly_cst *cst;
+
+       up = isl_upoly_cow(up);
+       if (!up)
+               return NULL;
+
+       cst = isl_upoly_as_cst(up);
+
+       isl_int_addmul(cst->n, cst->d, v);
+
+       return up;
+}
+
+__isl_give struct isl_upoly *isl_upoly_add_isl_int(
+       __isl_take struct isl_upoly *up, isl_int v)
+{
+       struct isl_upoly_rec *rec;
+
+       if (!up)
+               return NULL;
+
+       if (isl_upoly_is_cst(up))
+               return isl_upoly_cst_add_isl_int(up, v);
+
+       up = isl_upoly_cow(up);
+       rec = isl_upoly_as_rec(up);
+       if (!rec)
+               goto error;
+
+       rec->p[0] = isl_upoly_add_isl_int(rec->p[0], v);
+       if (!rec->p[0])
+               goto error;
+
+       return up;
+error:
+       isl_upoly_free(up);
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+__isl_give struct isl_upoly *isl_upoly_cst_mul_isl_int(
+       __isl_take struct isl_upoly *up, isl_int v)
 {
        struct isl_upoly_cst *cst;
 
@@ -645,12 +733,13 @@ __isl_give struct isl_upoly *isl_upoly_neg_cst(__isl_take struct isl_upoly *up)
 
        cst = isl_upoly_as_cst(up);
 
-       isl_int_neg(cst->n, cst->n);
+       isl_int_mul(cst->n, cst->n, v);
 
        return up;
 }
 
-__isl_give struct isl_upoly *isl_upoly_neg(__isl_take struct isl_upoly *up)
+__isl_give struct isl_upoly *isl_upoly_mul_isl_int(
+       __isl_take struct isl_upoly *up, isl_int v)
 {
        int i;
        struct isl_upoly_rec *rec;
@@ -659,7 +748,7 @@ __isl_give struct isl_upoly *isl_upoly_neg(__isl_take struct isl_upoly *up)
                return NULL;
 
        if (isl_upoly_is_cst(up))
-               return isl_upoly_neg_cst(up);
+               return isl_upoly_cst_mul_isl_int(up, v);
 
        up = isl_upoly_cow(up);
        rec = isl_upoly_as_rec(up);
@@ -667,7 +756,7 @@ __isl_give struct isl_upoly *isl_upoly_neg(__isl_take struct isl_upoly *up)
                goto error;
 
        for (i = 0; i < rec->n; ++i) {
-               rec->p[i] = isl_upoly_neg(rec->p[i]);
+               rec->p[i] = isl_upoly_mul_isl_int(rec->p[i], v);
                if (!rec->p[i])
                        goto error;
        }
@@ -830,6 +919,31 @@ error:
        return NULL;
 }
 
+__isl_give struct isl_upoly *isl_upoly_pow(__isl_take struct isl_upoly *up,
+       unsigned power)
+{
+       struct isl_upoly *res;
+
+       if (!up)
+               return NULL;
+       if (power == 1)
+               return up;
+
+       if (power % 2)
+               res = isl_upoly_copy(up);
+       else
+               res = isl_upoly_one(up->ctx);
+
+       while (power >>= 1) {
+               up = isl_upoly_mul(up, isl_upoly_copy(up));
+               if (power % 2)
+                       res = isl_upoly_mul(res, isl_upoly_copy(up));
+       }
+
+       isl_upoly_free(up);
+       return res;
+}
+
 __isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_alloc(__isl_take isl_dim *dim,
        unsigned n_div, __isl_take struct isl_upoly *up)
 {
@@ -918,6 +1032,67 @@ void isl_qpolynomial_free(__isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp)
        free(qp);
 }
 
+__isl_give struct isl_upoly *isl_upoly_var_pow(isl_ctx *ctx, int pos, int power)
+{
+       int i;
+       struct isl_upoly *up;
+       struct isl_upoly_rec *rec;
+       struct isl_upoly_cst *cst;
+
+       rec = isl_upoly_alloc_rec(ctx, pos, 1 + power);
+       if (!rec)
+               return NULL;
+       for (i = 0; i < 1 + power; ++i) {
+               rec->p[i] = isl_upoly_zero(ctx);
+               if (!rec->p[i])
+                       goto error;
+               rec->n++;
+       }
+       cst = isl_upoly_as_cst(rec->p[power]);
+       isl_int_set_si(cst->n, 1);
+
+       return &rec->up;
+error:
+       isl_upoly_free(&rec->up);
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+/* r array maps original positions to new positions.
+ */
+static __isl_give struct isl_upoly *reorder(__isl_take struct isl_upoly *up,
+       int *r)
+{
+       int i;
+       struct isl_upoly_rec *rec;
+       struct isl_upoly *base;
+       struct isl_upoly *res;
+
+       if (isl_upoly_is_cst(up))
+               return up;
+
+       rec = isl_upoly_as_rec(up);
+       if (!rec)
+               goto error;
+
+       isl_assert(up->ctx, rec->n >= 1, goto error);
+
+       base = isl_upoly_var_pow(up->ctx, r[up->var], 1);
+       res = reorder(isl_upoly_copy(rec->p[rec->n - 1]), r);
+
+       for (i = rec->n - 2; i >= 0; --i) {
+               res = isl_upoly_mul(res, isl_upoly_copy(base));
+               res = isl_upoly_sum(res, reorder(isl_upoly_copy(rec->p[i]), r));
+       }
+
+       isl_upoly_free(base);
+       isl_upoly_free(up);
+
+       return res;
+error:
+       isl_upoly_free(up);
+       return NULL;
+}
+
 static int compatible_divs(__isl_keep isl_mat *div1, __isl_keep isl_mat *div2)
 {
        int n_row, n_col;
@@ -942,19 +1117,6 @@ static int compatible_divs(__isl_keep isl_mat *div1, __isl_keep isl_mat *div2)
        return equal;
 }
 
-static void expand_row(__isl_keep isl_mat *dst, int d,
-       __isl_keep isl_mat *src, int s, int *exp)
-{
-       int i;
-       unsigned c = src->n_col - src->n_row;
-
-       isl_seq_cpy(dst->row[d], src->row[s], c);
-       isl_seq_clr(dst->row[d] + c, dst->n_col - c);
-
-       for (i = 0; i < s; ++i)
-               isl_int_set(dst->row[d][c + exp[i]], src->row[s][c + i]);
-}
-
 static int cmp_row(__isl_keep isl_mat *div, int i, int j)
 {
        int li, lj;
@@ -982,96 +1144,92 @@ static int div_sort_cmp(const void *p1, const void *p2)
        return cmp_row(i1->div, i1->row, i2->row);
 }
 
-static __isl_give isl_mat *sort_divs(__isl_take isl_mat *div)
+/* Sort divs and remove duplicates.
+ */
+static __isl_give isl_qpolynomial *sort_divs(__isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp)
 {
        int i;
+       int skip;
+       int len;
        struct isl_div_sort_info *array = NULL;
-       int *pos = NULL;
+       int *pos = NULL, *at = NULL;
+       int *reordering = NULL;
+       unsigned div_pos;
 
-       if (!div)
+       if (!qp)
                return NULL;
-       if (div->n_row <= 1)
-               return div;
+       if (qp->div->n_row <= 1)
+               return qp;
 
-       array = isl_alloc_array(div->ctx, struct isl_div_sort_info, div->n_row);
-       pos = isl_alloc_array(div->ctx, int, div->n_row);
-       if (!array || !pos)
+       div_pos = isl_dim_total(qp->dim);
+
+       array = isl_alloc_array(qp->div->ctx, struct isl_div_sort_info,
+                               qp->div->n_row);
+       pos = isl_alloc_array(qp->div->ctx, int, qp->div->n_row);
+       at = isl_alloc_array(qp->div->ctx, int, qp->div->n_row);
+       len = qp->div->n_col - 2;
+       reordering = isl_alloc_array(qp->div->ctx, int, len);
+       if (!array || !pos || !at || !reordering)
                goto error;
 
-       for (i = 0; i < div->n_row; ++i) {
-               array[i].div = div;
+       for (i = 0; i < qp->div->n_row; ++i) {
+               array[i].div = qp->div;
                array[i].row = i;
                pos[i] = i;
+               at[i] = i;
        }
 
-       qsort(array, div->n_row, sizeof(struct isl_div_sort_info),
+       qsort(array, qp->div->n_row, sizeof(struct isl_div_sort_info),
                div_sort_cmp);
 
-       for (i = 0; i < div->n_row; ++i) {
-               int t;
+       for (i = 0; i < div_pos; ++i)
+               reordering[i] = i;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < qp->div->n_row; ++i) {
                if (pos[array[i].row] == i)
                        continue;
-               div = isl_mat_cow(div);
-               div = isl_mat_swap_rows(div, i, pos[array[i].row]);
-               t = pos[array[i].row];
-               pos[array[i].row] = pos[i];
-               pos[i] = t;
+               qp->div = isl_mat_swap_rows(qp->div, i, pos[array[i].row]);
+               pos[at[i]] = pos[array[i].row];
+               at[pos[array[i].row]] = at[i];
+               at[i] = array[i].row;
+               pos[array[i].row] = i;
+       }
+
+       skip = 0;
+       for (i = 0; i < len - div_pos; ++i) {
+               if (i > 0 &&
+                   isl_seq_eq(qp->div->row[i - skip - 1],
+                              qp->div->row[i - skip], qp->div->n_col)) {
+                       qp->div = isl_mat_drop_rows(qp->div, i - skip, 1);
+                       isl_mat_col_add(qp->div, 2 + div_pos + i - skip - 1,
+                                                2 + div_pos + i - skip);
+                       qp->div = isl_mat_drop_cols(qp->div,
+                                                   2 + div_pos + i - skip, 1);
+                       skip++;
+               }
+               reordering[div_pos + array[i].row] = div_pos + i - skip;
        }
 
+       qp->upoly = reorder(qp->upoly, reordering);
+
+       if (!qp->upoly || !qp->div)
+               goto error;
+
+       free(at);
+       free(pos);
        free(array);
+       free(reordering);
 
-       return div;
+       return qp;
 error:
+       free(at);
        free(pos);
        free(array);
-       isl_mat_free(div);
+       free(reordering);
+       isl_qpolynomial_free(qp);
        return NULL;
 }
 
-static __isl_give isl_mat *merge_divs(__isl_keep isl_mat *div1,
-       __isl_keep isl_mat *div2, int *exp1, int *exp2)
-{
-       int i, j, k;
-       isl_mat *div = NULL;
-       unsigned d = div1->n_col - div1->n_row;
-
-       div = isl_mat_alloc(div1->ctx, 1 + div1->n_row + div2->n_row,
-                               d + div1->n_row + div2->n_row);
-       if (!div)
-               return NULL;
-
-       for (i = 0, j = 0, k = 0; i < div1->n_row && j < div2->n_row; ++k) {
-               int cmp;
-
-               expand_row(div, k, div1, i, exp1);
-               expand_row(div, k + 1, div2, j, exp2);
-
-               cmp = cmp_row(div, k, k + 1);
-               if (cmp == 0) {
-                       exp1[i++] = k;
-                       exp2[j++] = k;
-               } else if (cmp < 0) {
-                       exp1[i++] = k;
-               } else {
-                       exp2[j++] = k;
-                       isl_seq_cpy(div->row[k], div->row[k + 1], div->n_col);
-               }
-       }
-       for (; i < div1->n_row; ++i, ++k) {
-               expand_row(div, k, div1, i, exp1);
-               exp1[i] = k;
-       }
-       for (; j < div2->n_row; ++j, ++k) {
-               expand_row(div, k, div2, j, exp2);
-               exp2[j] = k;
-       }
-
-       div->n_row = k;
-       div->n_col = d + k;
-
-       return div;
-}
-
 static __isl_give struct isl_upoly *expand(__isl_take struct isl_upoly *up,
        int *exp, int first)
 {
@@ -1132,7 +1290,7 @@ static __isl_give isl_qpolynomial *with_merged_divs(
        if (!exp1 || !exp2)
                goto error;
 
-       div = merge_divs(qp1->div, qp2->div, exp1, exp2);
+       div = isl_merge_divs(qp1->div, qp2->div, exp1, exp2);
        if (!div)
                goto error;
 
@@ -1189,20 +1347,69 @@ error:
        return NULL;
 }
 
+__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_add_on_domain(
+       __isl_keep isl_set *dom,
+       __isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp1,
+       __isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp2)
+{
+       qp1 = isl_qpolynomial_add(qp1, qp2);
+       qp1 = isl_qpolynomial_gist(qp1, isl_set_copy(dom));
+       return qp1;
+}
+
 __isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_sub(__isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp1,
        __isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp2)
 {
        return isl_qpolynomial_add(qp1, isl_qpolynomial_neg(qp2));
 }
 
-__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_neg(__isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp)
+__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_add_isl_int(
+       __isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp, isl_int v)
 {
+       if (isl_int_is_zero(v))
+               return qp;
+
        qp = isl_qpolynomial_cow(qp);
+       if (!qp)
+               return NULL;
+
+       qp->upoly = isl_upoly_add_isl_int(qp->upoly, v);
+       if (!qp->upoly)
+               goto error;
+
+       return qp;
+error:
+       isl_qpolynomial_free(qp);
+       return NULL;
+
+}
+
+__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_neg(__isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp)
+{
+       if (!qp)
+               return NULL;
+
+       return isl_qpolynomial_mul_isl_int(qp, qp->dim->ctx->negone);
+}
+
+__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_mul_isl_int(
+       __isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp, isl_int v)
+{
+       if (isl_int_is_one(v))
+               return qp;
 
+       if (qp && isl_int_is_zero(v)) {
+               isl_qpolynomial *zero;
+               zero = isl_qpolynomial_zero(isl_dim_copy(qp->dim));
+               isl_qpolynomial_free(qp);
+               return zero;
+       }
+       
+       qp = isl_qpolynomial_cow(qp);
        if (!qp)
                return NULL;
 
-       qp->upoly = isl_upoly_neg(qp->upoly);
+       qp->upoly = isl_upoly_mul_isl_int(qp->upoly, v);
        if (!qp->upoly)
                goto error;
 
@@ -1240,11 +1447,34 @@ error:
        return NULL;
 }
 
+__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_pow(__isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp,
+       unsigned power)
+{
+       qp = isl_qpolynomial_cow(qp);
+
+       if (!qp)
+               return NULL;
+
+       qp->upoly = isl_upoly_pow(qp->upoly, power);
+       if (!qp->upoly)
+               goto error;
+
+       return qp;
+error:
+       isl_qpolynomial_free(qp);
+       return NULL;
+}
+
 __isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_zero(__isl_take isl_dim *dim)
 {
        return isl_qpolynomial_alloc(dim, 0, isl_upoly_zero(dim->ctx));
 }
 
+__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_one(__isl_take isl_dim *dim)
+{
+       return isl_qpolynomial_alloc(dim, 0, isl_upoly_one(dim->ctx));
+}
+
 __isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_infty(__isl_take isl_dim *dim)
 {
        return isl_qpolynomial_alloc(dim, 0, isl_upoly_infty(dim->ctx));
@@ -1400,13 +1630,12 @@ __isl_give isl_vec *isl_qpolynomial_extract_affine(
        if (!qp)
                return NULL;
 
-       isl_assert(qp->div->ctx, qp->div->n_row == 0, return NULL);
        d = isl_dim_total(qp->dim);
-       aff = isl_vec_alloc(qp->div->ctx, 2 + d);
+       aff = isl_vec_alloc(qp->div->ctx, 2 + d + qp->div->n_row);
        if (!aff)
                return NULL;
 
-       isl_seq_clr(aff->el + 1, 1 + d);
+       isl_seq_clr(aff->el + 1, 1 + d + qp->div->n_row);
        isl_int_set_si(aff->el[0], 1);
 
        if (isl_upoly_update_affine(qp->upoly, aff) < 0)
@@ -1457,42 +1686,17 @@ void isl_qpolynomial_get_den(__isl_keep isl_qpolynomial *qp, isl_int *d)
        upoly_update_den(qp->upoly, d);
 }
 
-__isl_give struct isl_upoly *isl_upoly_pow(isl_ctx *ctx, int pos, int power)
+__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_var_pow(__isl_take isl_dim *dim,
+       int pos, int power)
 {
-       int i;
-       struct isl_upoly *up;
-       struct isl_upoly_rec *rec;
-       struct isl_upoly_cst *cst;
+       struct isl_ctx *ctx;
 
-       rec = isl_upoly_alloc_rec(ctx, pos, 1 + power);
-       if (!rec)
-               return NULL;
-       for (i = 0; i < 1 + power; ++i) {
-               rec->p[i] = isl_upoly_zero(ctx);
-               if (!rec->p[i])
-                       goto error;
-               rec->n++;
-       }
-       cst = isl_upoly_as_cst(rec->p[power]);
-       isl_int_set_si(cst->n, 1);
-
-       return &rec->up;
-error:
-       isl_upoly_free(&rec->up);
-       return NULL;
-}
-
-__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_pow(__isl_take isl_dim *dim,
-       int pos, int power)
-{
-       struct isl_ctx *ctx;
-
-       if (!dim)
+       if (!dim)
                return NULL;
 
        ctx = dim->ctx;
 
-       return isl_qpolynomial_alloc(dim, 0, isl_upoly_pow(ctx, pos, power));
+       return isl_qpolynomial_alloc(dim, 0, isl_upoly_var_pow(ctx, pos, power));
 }
 
 __isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_var(__isl_take isl_dim *dim,
@@ -1507,34 +1711,352 @@ __isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_var(__isl_take isl_dim *dim,
        if (type == isl_dim_set)
                pos += isl_dim_size(dim, isl_dim_param);
 
-       return isl_qpolynomial_pow(dim, pos, 1);
+       return isl_qpolynomial_var_pow(dim, pos, 1);
 error:
        isl_dim_free(dim);
        return NULL;
 }
 
+__isl_give struct isl_upoly *isl_upoly_subs(__isl_take struct isl_upoly *up,
+       unsigned first, unsigned n, __isl_keep struct isl_upoly **subs)
+{
+       int i;
+       struct isl_upoly_rec *rec;
+       struct isl_upoly *base, *res;
+
+       if (!up)
+               return NULL;
+
+       if (isl_upoly_is_cst(up))
+               return up;
+
+       if (up->var < first)
+               return up;
+
+       rec = isl_upoly_as_rec(up);
+       if (!rec)
+               goto error;
+
+       isl_assert(up->ctx, rec->n >= 1, goto error);
+
+       if (up->var >= first + n)
+               base = isl_upoly_var_pow(up->ctx, up->var, 1);
+       else
+               base = isl_upoly_copy(subs[up->var - first]);
+
+       res = isl_upoly_subs(isl_upoly_copy(rec->p[rec->n - 1]), first, n, subs);
+       for (i = rec->n - 2; i >= 0; --i) {
+               struct isl_upoly *t;
+               t = isl_upoly_subs(isl_upoly_copy(rec->p[i]), first, n, subs);
+               res = isl_upoly_mul(res, isl_upoly_copy(base));
+               res = isl_upoly_sum(res, t);
+       }
+
+       isl_upoly_free(base);
+       isl_upoly_free(up);
+                               
+       return res;
+error:
+       isl_upoly_free(up);
+       return NULL;
+}      
+
+__isl_give struct isl_upoly *isl_upoly_from_affine(isl_ctx *ctx, isl_int *f,
+       isl_int denom, unsigned len)
+{
+       int i;
+       struct isl_upoly *up;
+
+       isl_assert(ctx, len >= 1, return NULL);
+
+       up = isl_upoly_rat_cst(ctx, f[0], denom);
+       for (i = 0; i < len - 1; ++i) {
+               struct isl_upoly *t;
+               struct isl_upoly *c;
+
+               if (isl_int_is_zero(f[1 + i]))
+                       continue;
+
+               c = isl_upoly_rat_cst(ctx, f[1 + i], denom);
+               t = isl_upoly_var_pow(ctx, i, 1);
+               t = isl_upoly_mul(c, t);
+               up = isl_upoly_sum(up, t);
+       }
+
+       return up;
+}
+
+/* Remove common factor of non-constant terms and denominator.
+ */
+static void normalize_div(__isl_keep isl_qpolynomial *qp, int div)
+{
+       isl_ctx *ctx = qp->div->ctx;
+       unsigned total = qp->div->n_col - 2;
+
+       isl_seq_gcd(qp->div->row[div] + 2, total, &ctx->normalize_gcd);
+       isl_int_gcd(ctx->normalize_gcd,
+                   ctx->normalize_gcd, qp->div->row[div][0]);
+       if (isl_int_is_one(ctx->normalize_gcd))
+               return;
+
+       isl_seq_scale_down(qp->div->row[div] + 2, qp->div->row[div] + 2,
+                           ctx->normalize_gcd, total);
+       isl_int_divexact(qp->div->row[div][0], qp->div->row[div][0],
+                           ctx->normalize_gcd);
+       isl_int_fdiv_q(qp->div->row[div][1], qp->div->row[div][1],
+                           ctx->normalize_gcd);
+}
+
+/* Replace the integer division identified by "div" by the polynomial "s".
+ * The integer division is assumed not to appear in the definition
+ * of any other integer divisions.
+ */
+static __isl_give isl_qpolynomial *substitute_div(
+       __isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp,
+       int div, __isl_take struct isl_upoly *s)
+{
+       int i;
+       int total;
+       int *reordering;
+
+       if (!qp || !s)
+               goto error;
+
+       qp = isl_qpolynomial_cow(qp);
+       if (!qp)
+               goto error;
+
+       total = isl_dim_total(qp->dim);
+       qp->upoly = isl_upoly_subs(qp->upoly, total + div, 1, &s);
+       if (!qp->upoly)
+               goto error;
+
+       reordering = isl_alloc_array(qp->dim->ctx, int, total + qp->div->n_row);
+       if (!reordering)
+               goto error;
+       for (i = 0; i < total + div; ++i)
+               reordering[i] = i;
+       for (i = total + div + 1; i < total + qp->div->n_row; ++i)
+               reordering[i] = i - 1;
+       qp->div = isl_mat_drop_rows(qp->div, div, 1);
+       qp->div = isl_mat_drop_cols(qp->div, 2 + total + div, 1);
+       qp->upoly = reorder(qp->upoly, reordering);
+       free(reordering);
+
+       if (!qp->upoly || !qp->div)
+               goto error;
+
+       isl_upoly_free(s);
+       return qp;
+error:
+       isl_qpolynomial_free(qp);
+       isl_upoly_free(s);
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Replace all integer divisions [e/d] that turn out to not actually be integer
+ * divisions because d is equal to 1 by their definition, i.e., e.
+ */
+static __isl_give isl_qpolynomial *substitute_non_divs(
+       __isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp)
+{
+       int i, j;
+       int total;
+       struct isl_upoly *s;
+
+       if (!qp)
+               return NULL;
+
+       total = isl_dim_total(qp->dim);
+       for (i = 0; qp && i < qp->div->n_row; ++i) {
+               if (!isl_int_is_one(qp->div->row[i][0]))
+                       continue;
+               for (j = i + 1; j < qp->div->n_row; ++j) {
+                       if (isl_int_is_zero(qp->div->row[j][2 + total + i]))
+                               continue;
+                       isl_seq_combine(qp->div->row[j] + 1,
+                               qp->div->ctx->one, qp->div->row[j] + 1,
+                               qp->div->row[j][2 + total + i],
+                               qp->div->row[i] + 1, 1 + total + i);
+                       isl_int_set_si(qp->div->row[j][2 + total + i], 0);
+                       normalize_div(qp, j);
+               }
+               s = isl_upoly_from_affine(qp->dim->ctx, qp->div->row[i] + 1,
+                                       qp->div->row[i][0], qp->div->n_col - 1);
+               qp = substitute_div(qp, i, s);
+               --i;
+       }
+
+       return qp;
+}
+
+/* Reduce the coefficients of div "div" to lie in the interval [0, d-1],
+ * with d the denominator.  When replacing the coefficient e of x by
+ * d * frac(e/d) = e - d * floor(e/d), we are subtracting d * floor(e/d) * x
+ * inside the division, so we need to add floor(e/d) * x outside.
+ * That is, we replace q by q' + floor(e/d) * x and we therefore need
+ * to adjust the coefficient of x in each later div that depends on the
+ * current div "div" and also in the affine expression "aff"
+ * (if it too depends on "div").
+ */
+static void reduce_div(__isl_keep isl_qpolynomial *qp, int div,
+       __isl_keep isl_vec *aff)
+{
+       int i, j;
+       isl_int v;
+       unsigned total = qp->div->n_col - qp->div->n_row - 2;
+
+       isl_int_init(v);
+       for (i = 0; i < 1 + total + div; ++i) {
+               if (isl_int_is_nonneg(qp->div->row[div][1 + i]) &&
+                   isl_int_lt(qp->div->row[div][1 + i], qp->div->row[div][0]))
+                       continue;
+               isl_int_fdiv_q(v, qp->div->row[div][1 + i], qp->div->row[div][0]);
+               isl_int_fdiv_r(qp->div->row[div][1 + i],
+                               qp->div->row[div][1 + i], qp->div->row[div][0]);
+               if (!isl_int_is_zero(aff->el[1 + total + div]))
+                       isl_int_addmul(aff->el[i], v, aff->el[1 + total + div]);
+               for (j = div + 1; j < qp->div->n_row; ++j) {
+                       if (isl_int_is_zero(qp->div->row[j][2 + total + div]))
+                               continue;
+                       isl_int_addmul(qp->div->row[j][1 + i],
+                                       v, qp->div->row[j][2 + total + div]);
+               }
+       }
+       isl_int_clear(v);
+}
+
+/* Check if the last non-zero coefficient is bigger that half of the
+ * denominator.  If so, we will invert the div to further reduce the number
+ * of distinct divs that may appear.
+ * If the last non-zero coefficient is exactly half the denominator,
+ * then we continue looking for earlier coefficients that are bigger
+ * than half the denominator.
+ */
+static int needs_invert(__isl_keep isl_mat *div, int row)
+{
+       int i;
+       int cmp;
+
+       for (i = div->n_col - 1; i >= 1; --i) {
+               if (isl_int_is_zero(div->row[row][i]))
+                       continue;
+               isl_int_mul_ui(div->row[row][i], div->row[row][i], 2);
+               cmp = isl_int_cmp(div->row[row][i], div->row[row][0]);
+               isl_int_divexact_ui(div->row[row][i], div->row[row][i], 2);
+               if (cmp)
+                       return cmp > 0;
+               if (i == 1)
+                       return 1;
+       }
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/* Replace div "div" q = [e/d] by -[(-e+(d-1))/d].
+ * We only invert the coefficients of e (and the coefficient of q in
+ * later divs and in "aff").  After calling this function, the
+ * coefficients of e should be reduced again.
+ */
+static void invert_div(__isl_keep isl_qpolynomial *qp, int div,
+       __isl_keep isl_vec *aff)
+{
+       unsigned total = qp->div->n_col - qp->div->n_row - 2;
+
+       isl_seq_neg(qp->div->row[div] + 1,
+                   qp->div->row[div] + 1, qp->div->n_col - 1);
+       isl_int_sub_ui(qp->div->row[div][1], qp->div->row[div][1], 1);
+       isl_int_add(qp->div->row[div][1],
+                   qp->div->row[div][1], qp->div->row[div][0]);
+       if (!isl_int_is_zero(aff->el[1 + total + div]))
+               isl_int_neg(aff->el[1 + total + div], aff->el[1 + total + div]);
+       isl_mat_col_mul(qp->div, 2 + total + div,
+                       qp->div->ctx->negone, 2 + total + div);
+}
+
+/* Assuming "qp" is a monomial, reduce all its divs to have coefficients
+ * in the interval [0, d-1], with d the denominator and such that the
+ * last non-zero coefficient that is not equal to d/2 is smaller than d/2.
+ *
+ * After the reduction, some divs may have become redundant or identical,
+ * so we call substitute_non_divs and sort_divs.  If these functions
+ * eliminate divs or merge two or more divs into one, the coefficients
+ * of the enclosing divs may have to be reduced again, so we call
+ * ourselves recursively if the number of divs decreases.
+ */
+static __isl_give isl_qpolynomial *reduce_divs(__isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp)
+{
+       int i, j;
+       isl_vec *aff = NULL;
+       struct isl_upoly *s;
+       unsigned n_div;
+
+       if (!qp)
+               return NULL;
+
+       aff = isl_vec_alloc(qp->div->ctx, qp->div->n_col - 1);
+       aff = isl_vec_clr(aff);
+       if (!aff)
+               goto error;
+
+       isl_int_set_si(aff->el[1 + qp->upoly->var], 1);
+
+       for (i = 0; i < qp->div->n_row; ++i) {
+               normalize_div(qp, i);
+               reduce_div(qp, i, aff);
+               if (needs_invert(qp->div, i)) {
+                       invert_div(qp, i, aff);
+                       reduce_div(qp, i, aff);
+               }
+       }
+
+       s = isl_upoly_from_affine(qp->div->ctx, aff->el,
+                                 qp->div->ctx->one, aff->size);
+       qp->upoly = isl_upoly_subs(qp->upoly, qp->upoly->var, 1, &s);
+       isl_upoly_free(s);
+       if (!qp->upoly)
+               goto error;
+
+       isl_vec_free(aff);
+
+       n_div = qp->div->n_row;
+       qp = substitute_non_divs(qp);
+       qp = sort_divs(qp);
+       if (qp && qp->div->n_row < n_div)
+               return reduce_divs(qp);
+
+       return qp;
+error:
+       isl_qpolynomial_free(qp);
+       isl_vec_free(aff);
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Assumes each div only depends on earlier divs.
+ */
 __isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_div_pow(__isl_take isl_div *div,
        int power)
 {
        struct isl_qpolynomial *qp = NULL;
        struct isl_upoly_rec *rec;
        struct isl_upoly_cst *cst;
-       int i;
+       int i, d;
        int pos;
 
        if (!div)
                return NULL;
-       isl_assert(div->ctx, div->bmap->n_div == 1, goto error);
 
-       pos = isl_dim_total(div->bmap->dim);
+       d = div->line - div->bmap->div;
+
+       pos = isl_dim_total(div->bmap->dim) + d;
        rec = isl_upoly_alloc_rec(div->ctx, pos, 1 + power);
-       qp = isl_qpolynomial_alloc(isl_basic_map_get_dim(div->bmap), 1,
-                                  &rec->up);
+       qp = isl_qpolynomial_alloc(isl_basic_map_get_dim(div->bmap),
+                                  div->bmap->n_div, &rec->up);
        if (!qp)
                goto error;
 
-       isl_seq_cpy(qp->div->row[0], div->line[0], qp->div->n_col - 1);
-       isl_int_set_si(qp->div->row[0][qp->div->n_col - 1], 0);
+       for (i = 0; i < div->bmap->n_div; ++i)
+               isl_seq_cpy(qp->div->row[i], div->bmap->div[i], qp->div->n_col);
 
        for (i = 0; i < 1 + power; ++i) {
                rec->p[i] = isl_upoly_zero(div->ctx);
@@ -1547,6 +2069,8 @@ __isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_div_pow(__isl_take isl_div *div,
 
        isl_div_free(div);
 
+       qp = reduce_divs(qp);
+
        return qp;
 error:
        isl_qpolynomial_free(qp);
@@ -1634,7 +2158,7 @@ int isl_qpolynomial_involves_dims(__isl_keep isl_qpolynomial *qp,
        isl_assert(qp->dim->ctx, type == isl_dim_param ||
                                 type == isl_dim_set, return -1);
 
-       active = isl_calloc_array(set->ctx, int, isl_dim_total(qp->dim));
+       active = isl_calloc_array(qp->dim->ctx, int, isl_dim_total(qp->dim));
        if (set_active(qp, active) < 0)
                goto error;
 
@@ -1688,13 +2212,29 @@ error:
        return NULL;
 }
 
+__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_set_dim_name(
+       __isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp,
+       enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos, const char *s)
+{
+       qp = isl_qpolynomial_cow(qp);
+       if (!qp)
+               return NULL;
+       qp->dim = isl_dim_set_name(qp->dim, type, pos, s);
+       if (!qp->dim)
+               goto error;
+       return qp;
+error:
+       isl_qpolynomial_free(qp);
+       return NULL;
+}
+
 __isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_drop_dims(
        __isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp,
        enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned first, unsigned n)
 {
        if (!qp)
                return NULL;
-       if (n == 0)
+       if (n == 0 && !isl_dim_get_tuple_name(qp->dim, type))
                return qp;
 
        qp = isl_qpolynomial_cow(qp);
@@ -1727,55 +2267,184 @@ error:
        return NULL;
 }
 
-#undef PW
-#define PW isl_pw_qpolynomial
-#undef EL
-#define EL isl_qpolynomial
-#undef IS_ZERO
-#define IS_ZERO is_zero
-#undef FIELD
-#define FIELD qp
-#undef ADD
-#define ADD(d,e1,e2)   isl_qpolynomial_add(e1,e2) 
+__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_substitute_equalities(
+       __isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp, __isl_take isl_basic_set *eq)
+{
+       int i, j, k;
+       isl_int denom;
+       unsigned total;
+       unsigned n_div;
+       struct isl_upoly *up;
 
-#include <isl_pw_templ.c>
+       if (!eq)
+               goto error;
+       if (eq->n_eq == 0) {
+               isl_basic_set_free(eq);
+               return qp;
+       }
 
-int isl_pw_qpolynomial_is_one(__isl_keep isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp)
-{
-       if (!pwqp)
-               return -1;
+       qp = isl_qpolynomial_cow(qp);
+       if (!qp)
+               goto error;
+       qp->div = isl_mat_cow(qp->div);
+       if (!qp->div)
+               goto error;
 
-       if (pwqp->n != -1)
-               return 0;
+       total = 1 + isl_dim_total(eq->dim);
+       n_div = eq->n_div;
+       isl_int_init(denom);
+       for (i = 0; i < eq->n_eq; ++i) {
+               j = isl_seq_last_non_zero(eq->eq[i], total + n_div);
+               if (j < 0 || j == 0 || j >= total)
+                       continue;
 
-       if (!isl_set_fast_is_universe(pwqp->p[0].set))
-               return 0;
+               for (k = 0; k < qp->div->n_row; ++k) {
+                       if (isl_int_is_zero(qp->div->row[k][1 + j]))
+                               continue;
+                       isl_seq_elim(qp->div->row[k] + 1, eq->eq[i], j, total,
+                                       &qp->div->row[k][0]);
+                       normalize_div(qp, k);
+               }
 
-       return isl_qpolynomial_is_one(pwqp->p[0].qp);
-}
+               if (isl_int_is_pos(eq->eq[i][j]))
+                       isl_seq_neg(eq->eq[i], eq->eq[i], total);
+               isl_int_abs(denom, eq->eq[i][j]);
+               isl_int_set_si(eq->eq[i][j], 0);
 
-__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *isl_pw_qpolynomial_mul(
-       __isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp1,
-       __isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp2)
-{
-       int i, j, n;
-       struct isl_pw_qpolynomial *res;
-       isl_set *set;
+               up = isl_upoly_from_affine(qp->dim->ctx,
+                                                  eq->eq[i], denom, total);
+               qp->upoly = isl_upoly_subs(qp->upoly, j - 1, 1, &up);
+               isl_upoly_free(up);
+       }
+       isl_int_clear(denom);
 
-       if (!pwqp1 || !pwqp2)
+       if (!qp->upoly)
                goto error;
 
-       isl_assert(pwqp1->dim->ctx, isl_dim_equal(pwqp1->dim, pwqp2->dim),
-                       goto error);
+       isl_basic_set_free(eq);
 
-       if (isl_pw_qpolynomial_is_zero(pwqp1)) {
-               isl_pw_qpolynomial_free(pwqp2);
-               return pwqp1;
-       }
+       qp = substitute_non_divs(qp);
+       qp = sort_divs(qp);
 
-       if (isl_pw_qpolynomial_is_zero(pwqp2)) {
-               isl_pw_qpolynomial_free(pwqp1);
-               return pwqp2;
+       return qp;
+error:
+       isl_basic_set_free(eq);
+       isl_qpolynomial_free(qp);
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+static __isl_give isl_basic_set *add_div_constraints(
+       __isl_take isl_basic_set *bset, __isl_take isl_mat *div)
+{
+       int i;
+       unsigned total;
+
+       if (!bset || !div)
+               goto error;
+
+       bset = isl_basic_set_extend_constraints(bset, 0, 2 * div->n_row);
+       if (!bset)
+               goto error;
+       total = isl_basic_set_total_dim(bset);
+       for (i = 0; i < div->n_row; ++i)
+               if (isl_basic_set_add_div_constraints_var(bset,
+                                   total - div->n_row + i, div->row[i]) < 0)
+                       goto error;
+
+       isl_mat_free(div);
+       return bset;
+error:
+       isl_mat_free(div);
+       isl_basic_set_free(bset);
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Look for equalities among the variables shared by context and qp
+ * and the integer divisions of qp, if any.
+ * The equalities are then used to eliminate variables and/or integer
+ * divisions from qp.
+ */
+__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_gist(
+       __isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp, __isl_take isl_set *context)
+{
+       isl_basic_set *aff;
+
+       if (!qp)
+               goto error;
+       if (qp->div->n_row > 0) {
+               isl_basic_set *bset;
+               context = isl_set_add_dims(context, isl_dim_set,
+                                           qp->div->n_row);
+               bset = isl_basic_set_universe(isl_set_get_dim(context));
+               bset = add_div_constraints(bset, isl_mat_copy(qp->div));
+               context = isl_set_intersect(context,
+                                           isl_set_from_basic_set(bset));
+       }
+
+       aff = isl_set_affine_hull(context);
+       return isl_qpolynomial_substitute_equalities(qp, aff);
+error:
+       isl_qpolynomial_free(qp);
+       isl_set_free(context);
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+#undef PW
+#define PW isl_pw_qpolynomial
+#undef EL
+#define EL isl_qpolynomial
+#undef IS_ZERO
+#define IS_ZERO is_zero
+#undef FIELD
+#define FIELD qp
+
+#include <isl_pw_templ.c>
+
+#undef UNION
+#define UNION isl_union_pw_qpolynomial
+#undef PART
+#define PART isl_pw_qpolynomial
+#undef PARTS
+#define PARTS pw_qpolynomial
+
+#include <isl_union_templ.c>
+
+int isl_pw_qpolynomial_is_one(__isl_keep isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp)
+{
+       if (!pwqp)
+               return -1;
+
+       if (pwqp->n != -1)
+               return 0;
+
+       if (!isl_set_plain_is_universe(pwqp->p[0].set))
+               return 0;
+
+       return isl_qpolynomial_is_one(pwqp->p[0].qp);
+}
+
+__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *isl_pw_qpolynomial_mul(
+       __isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp1,
+       __isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp2)
+{
+       int i, j, n;
+       struct isl_pw_qpolynomial *res;
+       isl_set *set;
+
+       if (!pwqp1 || !pwqp2)
+               goto error;
+
+       isl_assert(pwqp1->dim->ctx, isl_dim_equal(pwqp1->dim, pwqp2->dim),
+                       goto error);
+
+       if (isl_pw_qpolynomial_is_zero(pwqp1)) {
+               isl_pw_qpolynomial_free(pwqp2);
+               return pwqp1;
+       }
+
+       if (isl_pw_qpolynomial_is_zero(pwqp2)) {
+               isl_pw_qpolynomial_free(pwqp1);
+               return pwqp2;
        }
 
        if (isl_pw_qpolynomial_is_one(pwqp1)) {
@@ -1797,7 +2466,7 @@ __isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *isl_pw_qpolynomial_mul(
                        struct isl_qpolynomial *prod;
                        common = isl_set_intersect(isl_set_copy(pwqp1->p[i].set),
                                                isl_set_copy(pwqp2->p[j].set));
-                       if (isl_set_fast_is_empty(common)) {
+                       if (isl_set_plain_is_empty(common)) {
                                isl_set_free(common);
                                continue;
                        }
@@ -1823,9 +2492,7 @@ error:
 __isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *isl_pw_qpolynomial_neg(
        __isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp)
 {
-       int i, j, n;
-       struct isl_pw_qpolynomial *res;
-       isl_set *set;
+       int i;
 
        if (!pwqp)
                return NULL;
@@ -1834,6 +2501,8 @@ __isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *isl_pw_qpolynomial_neg(
                return pwqp;
 
        pwqp = isl_pw_qpolynomial_cow(pwqp);
+       if (!pwqp)
+               return NULL;
 
        for (i = 0; i < pwqp->n; ++i) {
                pwqp->p[i].qp = isl_qpolynomial_neg(pwqp->p[i].qp);
@@ -2025,8 +2694,9 @@ error:
        return NULL;
 }
 
-__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_add_dims(
-       __isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp, enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned n)
+__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_insert_dims(
+       __isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp, enum isl_dim_type type,
+       unsigned first, unsigned n)
 {
        unsigned total;
        unsigned g_pos;
@@ -2039,7 +2709,10 @@ __isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_add_dims(
        if (!qp)
                return NULL;
 
-       g_pos = pos(qp->dim, type) + isl_dim_size(qp->dim, type);
+       isl_assert(qp->div->ctx, first <= isl_dim_size(qp->dim, type),
+                   goto error);
+
+       g_pos = pos(qp->dim, type) + first;
 
        qp->div = isl_mat_insert_cols(qp->div, 2 + g_pos, n);
        if (!qp->div)
@@ -2059,7 +2732,7 @@ __isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_add_dims(
                        goto error;
        }
 
-       qp->dim = isl_dim_add(qp->dim, type, n);
+       qp->dim = isl_dim_insert(qp->dim, type, first, n);
        if (!qp->dim)
                goto error;
 
@@ -2069,36 +2742,25 @@ error:
        return NULL;
 }
 
-__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *isl_pw_qpolynomial_add_dims(
-       __isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp,
-       enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned n)
+__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_add_dims(
+       __isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp, enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned n)
 {
-       int i;
+       unsigned pos;
 
-       if (n == 0)
-               return pwqp;
+       pos = isl_qpolynomial_dim(qp, type);
 
-       pwqp = isl_pw_qpolynomial_cow(pwqp);
-       if (!pwqp)
-               return NULL;
+       return isl_qpolynomial_insert_dims(qp, type, pos, n);
+}
 
-       pwqp->dim = isl_dim_add(pwqp->dim, type, n);
-       if (!pwqp->dim)
-               goto error;
+__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *isl_pw_qpolynomial_add_dims(
+       __isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp,
+       enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned n)
+{
+       unsigned pos;
 
-       for (i = 0; i < pwqp->n; ++i) {
-               pwqp->p[i].set = isl_set_add(pwqp->p[i].set, type, n);
-               if (!pwqp->p[i].set)
-                       goto error;
-               pwqp->p[i].qp = isl_qpolynomial_add_dims(pwqp->p[i].qp, type, n);
-               if (!pwqp->p[i].qp)
-                       goto error;
-       }
+       pos = isl_pw_qpolynomial_dim(pwqp, type);
 
-       return pwqp;
-error:
-       isl_pw_qpolynomial_free(pwqp);
-       return NULL;
+       return isl_pw_qpolynomial_insert_dims(pwqp, type, pos, n);
 }
 
 static int *reordering_move(isl_ctx *ctx,
@@ -2134,40 +2796,6 @@ static int *reordering_move(isl_ctx *ctx,
        return reordering;
 }
 
-static __isl_give struct isl_upoly *reorder(__isl_take struct isl_upoly *up,
-       int *r)
-{
-       int i;
-       struct isl_upoly_rec *rec;
-       struct isl_upoly *base;
-       struct isl_upoly *res;
-
-       if (isl_upoly_is_cst(up))
-               return up;
-
-       rec = isl_upoly_as_rec(up);
-       if (!rec)
-               goto error;
-
-       isl_assert(up->ctx, rec->n >= 1, goto error);
-
-       base = isl_upoly_pow(up->ctx, r[up->var], 1);
-       res = reorder(isl_upoly_copy(rec->p[rec->n - 1]), r);
-
-       for (i = rec->n - 2; i >= 0; --i) {
-               res = isl_upoly_mul(res, isl_upoly_copy(base));
-               res = isl_upoly_sum(res, reorder(isl_upoly_copy(rec->p[i]), r));
-       }
-
-       isl_upoly_free(base);
-       isl_upoly_free(up);
-
-       return res;
-error:
-       isl_upoly_free(up);
-       return NULL;
-}
-
 __isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_move_dims(
        __isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp,
        enum isl_dim_type dst_type, unsigned dst_pos,
@@ -2190,9 +2818,11 @@ __isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_move_dims(
                g_dst_pos -= n;
 
        qp->div = isl_mat_move_cols(qp->div, 2 + g_dst_pos, 2 + g_src_pos, n);
-       qp->div = sort_divs(qp->div);
        if (!qp->div)
                goto error;
+       qp = sort_divs(qp);
+       if (!qp)
+               goto error;
 
        reordering = reordering_move(qp->dim->ctx,
                                qp->div->n_col - 2, g_dst_pos, g_src_pos, n);
@@ -2214,29 +2844,17 @@ error:
        return NULL;
 }
 
-__isl_give struct isl_upoly *isl_upoly_from_affine(isl_ctx *ctx, isl_int *f,
-       isl_int denom, unsigned len)
+__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_from_affine(__isl_take isl_dim *dim,
+       isl_int *f, isl_int denom)
 {
-       int i;
        struct isl_upoly *up;
 
-       isl_assert(ctx, len >= 1, return NULL);
-
-       up = isl_upoly_rat_cst(ctx, f[0], denom);
-       for (i = 0; i < len - 1; ++i) {
-               struct isl_upoly *t;
-               struct isl_upoly *c;
-
-               if (isl_int_is_zero(f[1 + i]))
-                       continue;
+       if (!dim)
+               return NULL;
 
-               c = isl_upoly_rat_cst(ctx, f[1 + i], denom);
-               t = isl_upoly_pow(ctx, i, 1);
-               t = isl_upoly_mul(c, t);
-               up = isl_upoly_sum(up, t);
-       }
+       up = isl_upoly_from_affine(dim->ctx, f, denom, 1 + isl_dim_total(dim));
 
-       return up;
+       return isl_qpolynomial_alloc(dim, 0, up);
 }
 
 __isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_from_constraint(
@@ -2274,50 +2892,6 @@ __isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_from_constraint(
        return qp;
 }
 
-__isl_give struct isl_upoly *isl_upoly_subs(__isl_take struct isl_upoly *up,
-       unsigned first, unsigned n, __isl_keep struct isl_upoly **subs)
-{
-       int i;
-       struct isl_upoly_rec *rec;
-       struct isl_upoly *base, *res;
-
-       if (!up)
-               return NULL;
-
-       if (isl_upoly_is_cst(up))
-               return up;
-
-       if (up->var < first)
-               return up;
-
-       rec = isl_upoly_as_rec(up);
-       if (!rec)
-               goto error;
-
-       isl_assert(up->ctx, rec->n >= 1, goto error);
-
-       if (up->var >= first + n)
-               base = isl_upoly_pow(up->ctx, up->var, 1);
-       else
-               base = isl_upoly_copy(subs[up->var - first]);
-
-       res = isl_upoly_subs(isl_upoly_copy(rec->p[rec->n - 1]), first, n, subs);
-       for (i = rec->n - 2; i >= 0; --i) {
-               struct isl_upoly *t;
-               t = isl_upoly_subs(isl_upoly_copy(rec->p[i]), first, n, subs);
-               res = isl_upoly_mul(res, isl_upoly_copy(base));
-               res = isl_upoly_sum(res, t);
-       }
-
-       isl_upoly_free(base);
-       isl_upoly_free(up);
-                               
-       return res;
-error:
-       isl_upoly_free(up);
-       return NULL;
-}      
-
 /* For each 0 <= i < "n", replace variable "first" + i of type "type"
  * in "qp" by subs[i].
  */
@@ -2371,32 +2945,6 @@ error:
        return NULL;
 }
 
-__isl_give isl_basic_set *add_div_constraints(__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset,
-       __isl_take isl_mat *div)
-{
-       int i;
-       unsigned total;
-
-       if (!bset || !div)
-               goto error;
-
-       bset = isl_basic_set_extend_constraints(bset, 0, 2 * div->n_row);
-       if (!bset)
-               goto error;
-       total = isl_basic_set_total_dim(bset);
-       for (i = 0; i < div->n_row; ++i)
-               if (isl_basic_set_add_div_constraints_var(bset,
-                                   total - div->n_row + i, div->row[i]) < 0)
-                       goto error;
-
-       isl_mat_free(div);
-       return bset;
-error:
-       isl_mat_free(div);
-       isl_basic_set_free(bset);
-       return NULL;
-}
-
 /* Extend "bset" with extra set dimensions for each integer division
  * in "qp" and then call "fn" with the extended bset and the polynomial
  * that results from replacing each of the integer divisions by the
@@ -2430,11 +2978,221 @@ error:
        return -1;
 }
 
-__isl_give isl_term *isl_term_alloc(__isl_take isl_dim *dim,
-       __isl_take isl_mat *div)
+/* Return total degree in variables first (inclusive) up to last (exclusive).
+ */
+int isl_upoly_degree(__isl_keep struct isl_upoly *up, int first, int last)
 {
-       isl_term *term;
-       int n;
+       int deg = -1;
+       int i;
+       struct isl_upoly_rec *rec;
+
+       if (!up)
+               return -2;
+       if (isl_upoly_is_zero(up))
+               return -1;
+       if (isl_upoly_is_cst(up) || up->var < first)
+               return 0;
+
+       rec = isl_upoly_as_rec(up);
+       if (!rec)
+               return -2;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < rec->n; ++i) {
+               int d;
+
+               if (isl_upoly_is_zero(rec->p[i]))
+                       continue;
+               d = isl_upoly_degree(rec->p[i], first, last);
+               if (up->var < last)
+                       d += i;
+               if (d > deg)
+                       deg = d;
+       }
+
+       return deg;
+}
+
+/* Return total degree in set variables.
+ */
+int isl_qpolynomial_degree(__isl_keep isl_qpolynomial *poly)
+{
+       unsigned ovar;
+       unsigned nvar;
+
+       if (!poly)
+               return -2;
+
+       ovar = isl_dim_offset(poly->dim, isl_dim_set);
+       nvar = isl_dim_size(poly->dim, isl_dim_set);
+       return isl_upoly_degree(poly->upoly, ovar, ovar + nvar);
+}
+
+__isl_give struct isl_upoly *isl_upoly_coeff(__isl_keep struct isl_upoly *up,
+       unsigned pos, int deg)
+{
+       int i;
+       struct isl_upoly_rec *rec;
+
+       if (!up)
+               return NULL;
+
+       if (isl_upoly_is_cst(up) || up->var < pos) {
+               if (deg == 0)
+                       return isl_upoly_copy(up);
+               else
+                       return isl_upoly_zero(up->ctx);
+       }
+
+       rec = isl_upoly_as_rec(up);
+       if (!rec)
+               return NULL;
+
+       if (up->var == pos) {
+               if (deg < rec->n)
+                       return isl_upoly_copy(rec->p[deg]);
+               else
+                       return isl_upoly_zero(up->ctx);
+       }
+
+       up = isl_upoly_copy(up);
+       up = isl_upoly_cow(up);
+       rec = isl_upoly_as_rec(up);
+       if (!rec)
+               goto error;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < rec->n; ++i) {
+               struct isl_upoly *t;
+               t = isl_upoly_coeff(rec->p[i], pos, deg);
+               if (!t)
+                       goto error;
+               isl_upoly_free(rec->p[i]);
+               rec->p[i] = t;
+       }
+
+       return up;
+error:
+       isl_upoly_free(up);
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Return coefficient of power "deg" of variable "t_pos" of type "type".
+ */
+__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_coeff(
+       __isl_keep isl_qpolynomial *qp,
+       enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned t_pos, int deg)
+{
+       unsigned g_pos;
+       struct isl_upoly *up;
+       isl_qpolynomial *c;
+
+       if (!qp)
+               return NULL;
+
+       isl_assert(qp->div->ctx, t_pos < isl_dim_size(qp->dim, type),
+                       return NULL);
+
+       g_pos = pos(qp->dim, type) + t_pos;
+       up = isl_upoly_coeff(qp->upoly, g_pos, deg);
+
+       c = isl_qpolynomial_alloc(isl_dim_copy(qp->dim), qp->div->n_row, up);
+       if (!c)
+               return NULL;
+       isl_mat_free(c->div);
+       c->div = isl_mat_copy(qp->div);
+       if (!c->div)
+               goto error;
+       return c;
+error:
+       isl_qpolynomial_free(c);
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Homogenize the polynomial in the variables first (inclusive) up to
+ * last (exclusive) by inserting powers of variable first.
+ * Variable first is assumed not to appear in the input.
+ */
+__isl_give struct isl_upoly *isl_upoly_homogenize(
+       __isl_take struct isl_upoly *up, int deg, int target,
+       int first, int last)
+{
+       int i;
+       struct isl_upoly_rec *rec;
+
+       if (!up)
+               return NULL;
+       if (isl_upoly_is_zero(up))
+               return up;
+       if (deg == target)
+               return up;
+       if (isl_upoly_is_cst(up) || up->var < first) {
+               struct isl_upoly *hom;
+
+               hom = isl_upoly_var_pow(up->ctx, first, target - deg);
+               if (!hom)
+                       goto error;
+               rec = isl_upoly_as_rec(hom);
+               rec->p[target - deg] = isl_upoly_mul(rec->p[target - deg], up);
+
+               return hom;
+       }
+
+       up = isl_upoly_cow(up);
+       rec = isl_upoly_as_rec(up);
+       if (!rec)
+               goto error;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < rec->n; ++i) {
+               if (isl_upoly_is_zero(rec->p[i]))
+                       continue;
+               rec->p[i] = isl_upoly_homogenize(rec->p[i],
+                               up->var < last ? deg + i : i, target,
+                               first, last);
+               if (!rec->p[i])
+                       goto error;
+       }
+
+       return up;
+error:
+       isl_upoly_free(up);
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Homogenize the polynomial in the set variables by introducing
+ * powers of an extra set variable at position 0.
+ */
+__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_homogenize(
+       __isl_take isl_qpolynomial *poly)
+{
+       unsigned ovar;
+       unsigned nvar;
+       int deg = isl_qpolynomial_degree(poly);
+
+       if (deg < -1)
+               goto error;
+
+       poly = isl_qpolynomial_insert_dims(poly, isl_dim_set, 0, 1);
+       poly = isl_qpolynomial_cow(poly);
+       if (!poly)
+               goto error;
+
+       ovar = isl_dim_offset(poly->dim, isl_dim_set);
+       nvar = isl_dim_size(poly->dim, isl_dim_set);
+       poly->upoly = isl_upoly_homogenize(poly->upoly, 0, deg,
+                                               ovar, ovar + nvar);
+       if (!poly->upoly)
+               goto error;
+
+       return poly;
+error:
+       isl_qpolynomial_free(poly);
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+__isl_give isl_term *isl_term_alloc(__isl_take isl_dim *dim,
+       __isl_take isl_mat *div)
+{
+       isl_term *term;
+       int n;
 
        if (!dim || !div)
                goto error;
@@ -2687,7 +3445,7 @@ __isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_from_term(__isl_take isl_term *term)
                if (!term->pow[i])
                        continue;
                up = isl_upoly_mul(up,
-                       isl_upoly_pow(term->dim->ctx, i, term->pow[i]));
+                       isl_upoly_var_pow(term->dim->ctx, i, term->pow[i]));
        }
 
        qp = isl_qpolynomial_alloc(isl_dim_copy(term->dim), term->div->n_row, up);
@@ -2706,26 +3464,13 @@ error:
        return NULL;
 }
 
-int isl_pw_qpolynomial_foreach_piece(__isl_keep isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp,
-       int (*fn)(__isl_take isl_set *set, __isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp,
-                   void *user), void *user)
-{
-       int i;
-
-       if (!pwqp)
-               return -1;
-
-       for (i = 0; i < pwqp->n; ++i)
-               if (fn(isl_set_copy(pwqp->p[i].set),
-                               isl_qpolynomial_copy(pwqp->p[i].qp), user) < 0)
-                       return -1;
-
-       return 0;
-}
-
 __isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_lift(__isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp,
        __isl_take isl_dim *dim)
 {
+       int i;
+       int extra;
+       unsigned total;
+
        if (!qp || !dim)
                goto error;
 
@@ -2738,15 +3483,12 @@ __isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_lift(__isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp,
        if (!qp)
                goto error;
 
+       extra = isl_dim_size(dim, isl_dim_set) -
+                       isl_dim_size(qp->dim, isl_dim_set);
+       total = isl_dim_total(qp->dim);
        if (qp->div->n_row) {
-               int i;
-               int extra;
-               unsigned total;
                int *exp;
 
-               extra = isl_dim_size(dim, isl_dim_set) -
-                               isl_dim_size(qp->dim, isl_dim_set);
-               total = isl_dim_total(qp->dim);
                exp = isl_alloc_array(qp->div->ctx, int, qp->div->n_row);
                if (!exp)
                        goto error;
@@ -2756,12 +3498,12 @@ __isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_lift(__isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp,
                free(exp);
                if (!qp->upoly)
                        goto error;
-               qp->div = isl_mat_insert_cols(qp->div, 2 + total, extra);
-               if (!qp->div)
-                       goto error;
-               for (i = 0; i < qp->div->n_row; ++i)
-                       isl_seq_clr(qp->div->row[i] + 2 + total, extra);
        }
+       qp->div = isl_mat_insert_cols(qp->div, 2 + total, extra);
+       if (!qp->div)
+               goto error;
+       for (i = 0; i < qp->div->n_row; ++i)
+               isl_seq_clr(qp->div->row[i] + 2 + total, extra);
 
        isl_dim_free(qp->dim);
        qp->dim = dim;
@@ -2887,6 +3629,7 @@ __isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_morph(__isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp
        __isl_take isl_morph *morph)
 {
        int i;
+       int n_sub;
        isl_ctx *ctx;
        struct isl_upoly *up;
        unsigned n_div;
@@ -2900,17 +3643,24 @@ __isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_morph(__isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp
        ctx = qp->dim->ctx;
        isl_assert(ctx, isl_dim_equal(qp->dim, morph->dom->dim), goto error);
 
-       subs = isl_calloc_array(ctx, struct isl_upoly *, morph->inv->n_row - 1);
+       n_sub = morph->inv->n_row - 1;
+       if (morph->inv->n_row != morph->inv->n_col)
+               n_sub += qp->div->n_row;
+       subs = isl_calloc_array(ctx, struct isl_upoly *, n_sub);
        if (!subs)
                goto error;
 
        for (i = 0; 1 + i < morph->inv->n_row; ++i)
                subs[i] = isl_upoly_from_affine(ctx, morph->inv->row[1 + i],
                                        morph->inv->row[0][0], morph->inv->n_col);
+       if (morph->inv->n_row != morph->inv->n_col)
+               for (i = 0; i < qp->div->n_row; ++i)
+                       subs[morph->inv->n_row - 1 + i] =
+                           isl_upoly_var_pow(ctx, morph->inv->n_col - 1 + i, 1);
 
-       qp->upoly = isl_upoly_subs(qp->upoly, 0, morph->inv->n_row - 1, subs);
+       qp->upoly = isl_upoly_subs(qp->upoly, 0, n_sub, subs);
 
-       for (i = 0; 1 + i < morph->inv->n_row; ++i)
+       for (i = 0; i < n_sub; ++i)
                isl_upoly_free(subs[i]);
        free(subs);
 
@@ -2931,3 +3681,856 @@ error:
        isl_morph_free(morph);
        return NULL;
 }
+
+static int neg_entry(void **entry, void *user)
+{
+       isl_pw_qpolynomial **pwqp = (isl_pw_qpolynomial **)entry;
+
+       *pwqp = isl_pw_qpolynomial_neg(*pwqp);
+
+       return *pwqp ? 0 : -1;
+}
+
+__isl_give isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_neg(
+       __isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *upwqp)
+{
+       upwqp = isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_cow(upwqp);
+       if (!upwqp)
+               return NULL;
+
+       if (isl_hash_table_foreach(upwqp->dim->ctx, &upwqp->table,
+                                  &neg_entry, NULL) < 0)
+               goto error;
+
+       return upwqp;
+error:
+       isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_free(upwqp);
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+__isl_give isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_sub(
+       __isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *upwqp1,
+       __isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *upwqp2)
+{
+       return isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_add(upwqp1,
+                                       isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_neg(upwqp2));
+}
+
+static int mul_entry(void **entry, void *user)
+{
+       struct isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_match_bin_data *data = user;
+       uint32_t hash;
+       struct isl_hash_table_entry *entry2;
+       isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwpq = *entry;
+       int empty;
+
+       hash = isl_dim_get_hash(pwpq->dim);
+       entry2 = isl_hash_table_find(data->u2->dim->ctx, &data->u2->table,
+                                    hash, &has_dim, pwpq->dim, 0);
+       if (!entry2)
+               return 0;
+
+       pwpq = isl_pw_qpolynomial_copy(pwpq);
+       pwpq = isl_pw_qpolynomial_mul(pwpq,
+                                     isl_pw_qpolynomial_copy(entry2->data));
+
+       empty = isl_pw_qpolynomial_is_zero(pwpq);
+       if (empty < 0) {
+               isl_pw_qpolynomial_free(pwpq);
+               return -1;
+       }
+       if (empty) {
+               isl_pw_qpolynomial_free(pwpq);
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       data->res = isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_add_pw_qpolynomial(data->res, pwpq);
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+__isl_give isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_mul(
+       __isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *upwqp1,
+       __isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *upwqp2)
+{
+       return match_bin_op(upwqp1, upwqp2, &mul_entry);
+}
+
+/* Reorder the columns of the given div definitions according to the
+ * given reordering.
+ */
+static __isl_give isl_mat *reorder_divs(__isl_take isl_mat *div,
+       __isl_take isl_reordering *r)
+{
+       int i, j;
+       isl_mat *mat;
+       int extra;
+
+       if (!div || !r)
+               goto error;
+
+       extra = isl_dim_total(r->dim) + div->n_row - r->len;
+       mat = isl_mat_alloc(div->ctx, div->n_row, div->n_col + extra);
+       if (!mat)
+               goto error;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < div->n_row; ++i) {
+               isl_seq_cpy(mat->row[i], div->row[i], 2);
+               isl_seq_clr(mat->row[i] + 2, mat->n_col - 2);
+               for (j = 0; j < r->len; ++j)
+                       isl_int_set(mat->row[i][2 + r->pos[j]],
+                                   div->row[i][2 + j]);
+       }
+
+       isl_reordering_free(r);
+       isl_mat_free(div);
+       return mat;
+error:
+       isl_reordering_free(r);
+       isl_mat_free(div);
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Reorder the dimension of "qp" according to the given reordering.
+ */
+__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_realign(
+       __isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp, __isl_take isl_reordering *r)
+{
+       qp = isl_qpolynomial_cow(qp);
+       if (!qp)
+               goto error;
+
+       r = isl_reordering_extend(r, qp->div->n_row);
+       if (!r)
+               goto error;
+
+       qp->div = reorder_divs(qp->div, isl_reordering_copy(r));
+       if (!qp->div)
+               goto error;
+
+       qp->upoly = reorder(qp->upoly, r->pos);
+       if (!qp->upoly)
+               goto error;
+
+       qp = isl_qpolynomial_reset_dim(qp, isl_dim_copy(r->dim));
+
+       isl_reordering_free(r);
+       return qp;
+error:
+       isl_qpolynomial_free(qp);
+       isl_reordering_free(r);
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_align_params(
+       __isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp, __isl_take isl_dim *model)
+{
+       if (!qp || !model)
+               goto error;
+
+       if (!isl_dim_match(qp->dim, isl_dim_param, model, isl_dim_param)) {
+               isl_reordering *exp;
+
+               model = isl_dim_drop(model, isl_dim_in,
+                                       0, isl_dim_size(model, isl_dim_in));
+               model = isl_dim_drop(model, isl_dim_out,
+                                       0, isl_dim_size(model, isl_dim_out));
+               exp = isl_parameter_alignment_reordering(qp->dim, model);
+               exp = isl_reordering_extend_dim(exp,
+                                               isl_qpolynomial_get_dim(qp));
+               qp = isl_qpolynomial_realign(qp, exp);
+       }
+
+       isl_dim_free(model);
+       return qp;
+error:
+       isl_dim_free(model);
+       isl_qpolynomial_free(qp);
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+struct isl_split_periods_data {
+       int max_periods;
+       isl_pw_qpolynomial *res;
+};
+
+/* Create a slice where the integer division "div" has the fixed value "v".
+ * In particular, if "div" refers to floor(f/m), then create a slice
+ *
+ *     m v <= f <= m v + (m - 1)
+ *
+ * or
+ *
+ *     f - m v >= 0
+ *     -f + m v + (m - 1) >= 0
+ */
+static __isl_give isl_set *set_div_slice(__isl_take isl_dim *dim,
+       __isl_keep isl_qpolynomial *qp, int div, isl_int v)
+{
+       int total;
+       isl_basic_set *bset = NULL;
+       int k;
+
+       if (!dim || !qp)
+               goto error;
+
+       total = isl_dim_total(dim);
+       bset = isl_basic_set_alloc_dim(isl_dim_copy(dim), 0, 0, 2);
+
+       k = isl_basic_set_alloc_inequality(bset);
+       if (k < 0)
+               goto error;
+       isl_seq_cpy(bset->ineq[k], qp->div->row[div] + 1, 1 + total);
+       isl_int_submul(bset->ineq[k][0], v, qp->div->row[div][0]);
+
+       k = isl_basic_set_alloc_inequality(bset);
+       if (k < 0)
+               goto error;
+       isl_seq_neg(bset->ineq[k], qp->div->row[div] + 1, 1 + total);
+       isl_int_addmul(bset->ineq[k][0], v, qp->div->row[div][0]);
+       isl_int_add(bset->ineq[k][0], bset->ineq[k][0], qp->div->row[div][0]);
+       isl_int_sub_ui(bset->ineq[k][0], bset->ineq[k][0], 1);
+
+       isl_dim_free(dim);
+       return isl_set_from_basic_set(bset);
+error:
+       isl_basic_set_free(bset);
+       isl_dim_free(dim);
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+static int split_periods(__isl_take isl_set *set,
+       __isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp, void *user);
+
+/* Create a slice of the domain "set" such that integer division "div"
+ * has the fixed value "v" and add the results to data->res,
+ * replacing the integer division by "v" in "qp".
+ */
+static int set_div(__isl_take isl_set *set,
+       __isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp, int div, isl_int v,
+       struct isl_split_periods_data *data)
+{
+       int i;
+       int total;
+       isl_set *slice;
+       struct isl_upoly *cst;
+
+       slice = set_div_slice(isl_set_get_dim(set), qp, div, v);
+       set = isl_set_intersect(set, slice);
+
+       if (!qp)
+               goto error;
+
+       total = isl_dim_total(qp->dim);
+
+       for (i = div + 1; i < qp->div->n_row; ++i) {
+               if (isl_int_is_zero(qp->div->row[i][2 + total + div]))
+                       continue;
+               isl_int_addmul(qp->div->row[i][1],
+                               qp->div->row[i][2 + total + div], v);
+               isl_int_set_si(qp->div->row[i][2 + total + div], 0);
+       }
+
+       cst = isl_upoly_rat_cst(qp->dim->ctx, v, qp->dim->ctx->one);
+       qp = substitute_div(qp, div, cst);
+
+       return split_periods(set, qp, data);
+error:
+       isl_set_free(set);
+       isl_qpolynomial_free(qp);
+       return -1;
+}
+
+/* Split the domain "set" such that integer division "div"
+ * has a fixed value (ranging from "min" to "max") on each slice
+ * and add the results to data->res.
+ */
+static int split_div(__isl_take isl_set *set,
+       __isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp, int div, isl_int min, isl_int max,
+       struct isl_split_periods_data *data)
+{
+       for (; isl_int_le(min, max); isl_int_add_ui(min, min, 1)) {
+               isl_set *set_i = isl_set_copy(set);
+               isl_qpolynomial *qp_i = isl_qpolynomial_copy(qp);
+
+               if (set_div(set_i, qp_i, div, min, data) < 0)
+                       goto error;
+       }
+       isl_set_free(set);
+       isl_qpolynomial_free(qp);
+       return 0;
+error:
+       isl_set_free(set);
+       isl_qpolynomial_free(qp);
+       return -1;
+}
+
+/* If "qp" refers to any integer division
+ * that can only attain "max_periods" distinct values on "set"
+ * then split the domain along those distinct values.
+ * Add the results (or the original if no splitting occurs)
+ * to data->res.
+ */
+static int split_periods(__isl_take isl_set *set,
+       __isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp, void *user)
+{
+       int i;
+       isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp;
+       struct isl_split_periods_data *data;
+       isl_int min, max;
+       int total;
+       int r = 0;
+
+       data = (struct isl_split_periods_data *)user;
+
+       if (!set || !qp)
+               goto error;
+
+       if (qp->div->n_row == 0) {
+               pwqp = isl_pw_qpolynomial_alloc(set, qp);
+               data->res = isl_pw_qpolynomial_add_disjoint(data->res, pwqp);
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       isl_int_init(min);
+       isl_int_init(max);
+       total = isl_dim_total(qp->dim);
+       for (i = 0; i < qp->div->n_row; ++i) {
+               enum isl_lp_result lp_res;
+
+               if (isl_seq_first_non_zero(qp->div->row[i] + 2 + total,
+                                               qp->div->n_row) != -1)
+                       continue;
+
+               lp_res = isl_set_solve_lp(set, 0, qp->div->row[i] + 1,
+                                         set->ctx->one, &min, NULL, NULL);
+               if (lp_res == isl_lp_error)
+                       goto error2;
+               if (lp_res == isl_lp_unbounded || lp_res == isl_lp_empty)
+                       continue;
+               isl_int_fdiv_q(min, min, qp->div->row[i][0]);
+
+               lp_res = isl_set_solve_lp(set, 1, qp->div->row[i] + 1,
+                                         set->ctx->one, &max, NULL, NULL);
+               if (lp_res == isl_lp_error)
+                       goto error2;
+               if (lp_res == isl_lp_unbounded || lp_res == isl_lp_empty)
+                       continue;
+               isl_int_fdiv_q(max, max, qp->div->row[i][0]);
+
+               isl_int_sub(max, max, min);
+               if (isl_int_cmp_si(max, data->max_periods) < 0) {
+                       isl_int_add(max, max, min);
+                       break;
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (i < qp->div->n_row) {
+               r = split_div(set, qp, i, min, max, data);
+       } else {
+               pwqp = isl_pw_qpolynomial_alloc(set, qp);
+               data->res = isl_pw_qpolynomial_add_disjoint(data->res, pwqp);
+       }
+
+       isl_int_clear(max);
+       isl_int_clear(min);
+
+       return r;
+error2:
+       isl_int_clear(max);
+       isl_int_clear(min);
+error:
+       isl_set_free(set);
+       isl_qpolynomial_free(qp);
+       return -1;
+}
+
+/* If any quasi-polynomial in pwqp refers to any integer division
+ * that can only attain "max_periods" distinct values on its domain
+ * then split the domain along those distinct values.
+ */
+__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *isl_pw_qpolynomial_split_periods(
+       __isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp, int max_periods)
+{
+       struct isl_split_periods_data data;
+
+       data.max_periods = max_periods;
+       data.res = isl_pw_qpolynomial_zero(isl_pw_qpolynomial_get_dim(pwqp));
+
+       if (isl_pw_qpolynomial_foreach_piece(pwqp, &split_periods, &data) < 0)
+               goto error;
+
+       isl_pw_qpolynomial_free(pwqp);
+
+       return data.res;
+error:
+       isl_pw_qpolynomial_free(data.res);
+       isl_pw_qpolynomial_free(pwqp);
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Construct a piecewise quasipolynomial that is constant on the given
+ * domain.  In particular, it is
+ *     0       if cst == 0
+ *     1       if cst == 1
+ *  infinity   if cst == -1
+ */
+static __isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *constant_on_domain(
+       __isl_take isl_basic_set *bset, int cst)
+{
+       isl_dim *dim;
+       isl_qpolynomial *qp;
+
+       if (!bset)
+               return NULL;
+
+       bset = isl_basic_map_domain(isl_basic_map_from_range(bset));
+       dim = isl_basic_set_get_dim(bset);
+       if (cst < 0)
+               qp = isl_qpolynomial_infty(dim);
+       else if (cst == 0)
+               qp = isl_qpolynomial_zero(dim);
+       else
+               qp = isl_qpolynomial_one(dim);
+       return isl_pw_qpolynomial_alloc(isl_set_from_basic_set(bset), qp);
+}
+
+/* Factor bset, call fn on each of the factors and return the product.
+ *
+ * If no factors can be found, simply call fn on the input.
+ * Otherwise, construct the factors based on the factorizer,
+ * call fn on each factor and compute the product.
+ */
+static __isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *compressed_multiplicative_call(
+       __isl_take isl_basic_set *bset,
+       __isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *(*fn)(__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset))
+{
+       int i, n;
+       isl_dim *dim;
+       isl_set *set;
+       isl_factorizer *f;
+       isl_qpolynomial *qp;
+       isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp;
+       unsigned nparam;
+       unsigned nvar;
+
+       f = isl_basic_set_factorizer(bset);
+       if (!f)
+               goto error;
+       if (f->n_group == 0) {
+               isl_factorizer_free(f);
+               return fn(bset);
+       }
+
+       nparam = isl_basic_set_dim(bset, isl_dim_param);
+       nvar = isl_basic_set_dim(bset, isl_dim_set);
+
+       dim = isl_basic_set_get_dim(bset);
+       dim = isl_dim_domain(dim);
+       set = isl_set_universe(isl_dim_copy(dim));
+       qp = isl_qpolynomial_one(dim);
+       pwqp = isl_pw_qpolynomial_alloc(set, qp);
+
+       bset = isl_morph_basic_set(isl_morph_copy(f->morph), bset);
+
+       for (i = 0, n = 0; i < f->n_group; ++i) {
+               isl_basic_set *bset_i;
+               isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp_i;
+
+               bset_i = isl_basic_set_copy(bset);
+               bset_i = isl_basic_set_drop_constraints_involving(bset_i,
+                           nparam + n + f->len[i], nvar - n - f->len[i]);
+               bset_i = isl_basic_set_drop_constraints_involving(bset_i,
+                           nparam, n);
+               bset_i = isl_basic_set_drop(bset_i, isl_dim_set,
+                           n + f->len[i], nvar - n - f->len[i]);
+               bset_i = isl_basic_set_drop(bset_i, isl_dim_set, 0, n);
+
+               pwqp_i = fn(bset_i);
+               pwqp = isl_pw_qpolynomial_mul(pwqp, pwqp_i);
+
+               n += f->len[i];
+       }
+
+       isl_basic_set_free(bset);
+       isl_factorizer_free(f);
+
+       return pwqp;
+error:
+       isl_basic_set_free(bset);
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Factor bset, call fn on each of the factors and return the product.
+ * The function is assumed to evaluate to zero on empty domains,
+ * to one on zero-dimensional domains and to infinity on unbounded domains
+ * and will not be called explicitly on zero-dimensional or unbounded domains.
+ *
+ * We first check for some special cases and remove all equalities.
+ * Then we hand over control to compressed_multiplicative_call.
+ */
+__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *isl_basic_set_multiplicative_call(
+       __isl_take isl_basic_set *bset,
+       __isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *(*fn)(__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset))
+{
+       int bounded;
+       isl_morph *morph;
+       isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp;
+       unsigned orig_nvar, final_nvar;
+
+       if (!bset)
+               return NULL;
+
+       if (isl_basic_set_plain_is_empty(bset))
+               return constant_on_domain(bset, 0);
+
+       orig_nvar = isl_basic_set_dim(bset, isl_dim_set);
+
+       if (orig_nvar == 0)
+               return constant_on_domain(bset, 1);
+
+       bounded = isl_basic_set_is_bounded(bset);
+       if (bounded < 0)
+               goto error;
+       if (!bounded)
+               return constant_on_domain(bset, -1);
+
+       if (bset->n_eq == 0)
+               return compressed_multiplicative_call(bset, fn);
+
+       morph = isl_basic_set_full_compression(bset);
+       bset = isl_morph_basic_set(isl_morph_copy(morph), bset);
+
+       final_nvar = isl_basic_set_dim(bset, isl_dim_set);
+
+       pwqp = compressed_multiplicative_call(bset, fn);
+
+       morph = isl_morph_remove_dom_dims(morph, isl_dim_set, 0, orig_nvar);
+       morph = isl_morph_remove_ran_dims(morph, isl_dim_set, 0, final_nvar);
+       morph = isl_morph_inverse(morph);
+
+       pwqp = isl_pw_qpolynomial_morph(pwqp, morph);
+
+       return pwqp;
+error:
+       isl_basic_set_free(bset);
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Drop all floors in "qp", turning each integer division [a/m] into
+ * a rational division a/m.  If "down" is set, then the integer division
+ * is replaces by (a-(m-1))/m instead.
+ */
+static __isl_give isl_qpolynomial *qp_drop_floors(
+       __isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp, int down)
+{
+       int i;
+       struct isl_upoly *s;
+
+       if (!qp)
+               return NULL;
+       if (qp->div->n_row == 0)
+               return qp;
+
+       qp = isl_qpolynomial_cow(qp);
+       if (!qp)
+               return NULL;
+
+       for (i = qp->div->n_row - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+               if (down) {
+                       isl_int_sub(qp->div->row[i][1],
+                                   qp->div->row[i][1], qp->div->row[i][0]);
+                       isl_int_add_ui(qp->div->row[i][1],
+                                      qp->div->row[i][1], 1);
+               }
+               s = isl_upoly_from_affine(qp->dim->ctx, qp->div->row[i] + 1,
+                                       qp->div->row[i][0], qp->div->n_col - 1);
+               qp = substitute_div(qp, i, s);
+               if (!qp)
+                       return NULL;
+       }
+
+       return qp;
+}
+
+/* Drop all floors in "pwqp", turning each integer division [a/m] into
+ * a rational division a/m.
+ */
+static __isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp_drop_floors(
+       __isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp)
+{
+       int i;
+
+       if (!pwqp)
+               return NULL;
+
+       if (isl_pw_qpolynomial_is_zero(pwqp))
+               return pwqp;
+
+       pwqp = isl_pw_qpolynomial_cow(pwqp);
+       if (!pwqp)
+               return NULL;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < pwqp->n; ++i) {
+               pwqp->p[i].qp = qp_drop_floors(pwqp->p[i].qp, 0);
+               if (!pwqp->p[i].qp)
+                       goto error;
+       }
+
+       return pwqp;
+error:
+       isl_pw_qpolynomial_free(pwqp);
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Adjust all the integer divisions in "qp" such that they are at least
+ * one over the given orthant (identified by "signs").  This ensures
+ * that they will still be non-negative even after subtracting (m-1)/m.
+ *
+ * In particular, f is replaced by f' + v, changing f = [a/m]
+ * to f' = [(a - m v)/m].
+ * If the constant term k in a is smaller than m,
+ * the constant term of v is set to floor(k/m) - 1.
+ * For any other term, if the coefficient c and the variable x have
+ * the same sign, then no changes are needed.
+ * Otherwise, if the variable is positive (and c is negative),
+ * then the coefficient of x in v is set to floor(c/m).
+ * If the variable is negative (and c is positive),
+ * then the coefficient of x in v is set to ceil(c/m).
+ */
+static __isl_give isl_qpolynomial *make_divs_pos(__isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp,
+       int *signs)
+{
+       int i, j;
+       int total;
+       isl_vec *v = NULL;
+       struct isl_upoly *s;
+
+       qp = isl_qpolynomial_cow(qp);
+       if (!qp)
+               return NULL;
+       qp->div = isl_mat_cow(qp->div);
+       if (!qp->div)
+               goto error;
+
+       total = isl_dim_total(qp->dim);
+       v = isl_vec_alloc(qp->div->ctx, qp->div->n_col - 1);
+
+       for (i = 0; i < qp->div->n_row; ++i) {
+               isl_int *row = qp->div->row[i];
+               v = isl_vec_clr(v);
+               if (!v)
+                       goto error;
+               if (isl_int_lt(row[1], row[0])) {
+                       isl_int_fdiv_q(v->el[0], row[1], row[0]);
+                       isl_int_sub_ui(v->el[0], v->el[0], 1);
+                       isl_int_submul(row[1], row[0], v->el[0]);
+               }
+               for (j = 0; j < total; ++j) {
+                       if (isl_int_sgn(row[2 + j]) * signs[j] >= 0)
+                               continue;
+                       if (signs[j] < 0)
+                               isl_int_cdiv_q(v->el[1 + j], row[2 + j], row[0]);
+                       else
+                               isl_int_fdiv_q(v->el[1 + j], row[2 + j], row[0]);
+                       isl_int_submul(row[2 + j], row[0], v->el[1 + j]);
+               }
+               for (j = 0; j < i; ++j) {
+                       if (isl_int_sgn(row[2 + total + j]) >= 0)
+                               continue;
+                       isl_int_fdiv_q(v->el[1 + total + j],
+                                       row[2 + total + j], row[0]);
+                       isl_int_submul(row[2 + total + j],
+                                       row[0], v->el[1 + total + j]);
+               }
+               for (j = i + 1; j < qp->div->n_row; ++j) {
+                       if (isl_int_is_zero(qp->div->row[j][2 + total + i]))
+                               continue;
+                       isl_seq_combine(qp->div->row[j] + 1,
+                               qp->div->ctx->one, qp->div->row[j] + 1,
+                               qp->div->row[j][2 + total + i], v->el, v->size);
+               }
+               isl_int_set_si(v->el[1 + total + i], 1);
+               s = isl_upoly_from_affine(qp->dim->ctx, v->el,
+                                       qp->div->ctx->one, v->size);
+               qp->upoly = isl_upoly_subs(qp->upoly, total + i, 1, &s);
+               isl_upoly_free(s);
+               if (!qp->upoly)
+                       goto error;
+       }
+
+       isl_vec_free(v);
+       return qp;
+error:
+       isl_vec_free(v);
+       isl_qpolynomial_free(qp);
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+struct isl_to_poly_data {
+       int sign;
+       isl_pw_qpolynomial *res;
+       isl_qpolynomial *qp;
+};
+
+/* Appoximate data->qp by a polynomial on the orthant identified by "signs".
+ * We first make all integer divisions positive and then split the
+ * quasipolynomials into terms with sign data->sign (the direction
+ * of the requested approximation) and terms with the opposite sign.
+ * In the first set of terms, each integer division [a/m] is
+ * overapproximated by a/m, while in the second it is underapproximated
+ * by (a-(m-1))/m.
+ */
+static int to_polynomial_on_orthant(__isl_take isl_set *orthant, int *signs,
+       void *user)
+{
+       struct isl_to_poly_data *data = user;
+       isl_pw_qpolynomial *t;
+       isl_qpolynomial *qp, *up, *down;
+
+       qp = isl_qpolynomial_copy(data->qp);
+       qp = make_divs_pos(qp, signs);
+
+       up = isl_qpolynomial_terms_of_sign(qp, signs, data->sign);
+       up = qp_drop_floors(up, 0);
+       down = isl_qpolynomial_terms_of_sign(qp, signs, -data->sign);
+       down = qp_drop_floors(down, 1);
+
+       isl_qpolynomial_free(qp);
+       qp = isl_qpolynomial_add(up, down);
+
+       t = isl_pw_qpolynomial_alloc(orthant, qp);
+       data->res = isl_pw_qpolynomial_add_disjoint(data->res, t);
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/* Approximate each quasipolynomial by a polynomial.  If "sign" is positive,
+ * the polynomial will be an overapproximation.  If "sign" is negative,
+ * it will be an underapproximation.  If "sign" is zero, the approximation
+ * will lie somewhere in between.
+ *
+ * In particular, is sign == 0, we simply drop the floors, turning
+ * the integer divisions into rational divisions.
+ * Otherwise, we split the domains into orthants, make all integer divisions
+ * positive and then approximate each [a/m] by either a/m or (a-(m-1))/m,
+ * depending on the requested sign and the sign of the term in which
+ * the integer division appears.
+ */
+__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *isl_pw_qpolynomial_to_polynomial(
+       __isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp, int sign)
+{
+       int i;
+       struct isl_to_poly_data data;
+
+       if (sign == 0)
+               return pwqp_drop_floors(pwqp);
+
+       if (!pwqp)
+               return NULL;
+
+       data.sign = sign;
+       data.res = isl_pw_qpolynomial_zero(isl_pw_qpolynomial_get_dim(pwqp));
+
+       for (i = 0; i < pwqp->n; ++i) {
+               if (pwqp->p[i].qp->div->n_row == 0) {
+                       isl_pw_qpolynomial *t;
+                       t = isl_pw_qpolynomial_alloc(
+                                       isl_set_copy(pwqp->p[i].set),
+                                       isl_qpolynomial_copy(pwqp->p[i].qp));
+                       data.res = isl_pw_qpolynomial_add_disjoint(data.res, t);
+                       continue;
+               }
+               data.qp = pwqp->p[i].qp;
+               if (isl_set_foreach_orthant(pwqp->p[i].set,
+                                       &to_polynomial_on_orthant, &data) < 0)
+                       goto error;
+       }
+
+       isl_pw_qpolynomial_free(pwqp);
+
+       return data.res;
+error:
+       isl_pw_qpolynomial_free(pwqp);
+       isl_pw_qpolynomial_free(data.res);
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+static int poly_entry(void **entry, void *user)
+{
+       int *sign = user;
+       isl_pw_qpolynomial **pwqp = (isl_pw_qpolynomial **)entry;
+
+       *pwqp = isl_pw_qpolynomial_to_polynomial(*pwqp, *sign);
+
+       return *pwqp ? 0 : -1;
+}
+
+__isl_give isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_to_polynomial(
+       __isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *upwqp, int sign)
+{
+       upwqp = isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_cow(upwqp);
+       if (!upwqp)
+               return NULL;
+
+       if (isl_hash_table_foreach(upwqp->dim->ctx, &upwqp->table,
+                                  &poly_entry, &sign) < 0)
+               goto error;
+
+       return upwqp;
+error:
+       isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_free(upwqp);
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_from_qpolynomial(
+       __isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp)
+{
+       int i, k;
+       isl_dim *dim;
+       isl_vec *aff = NULL;
+       isl_basic_map *bmap = NULL;
+       unsigned pos;
+       unsigned n_div;
+
+       if (!qp)
+               return NULL;
+       if (!isl_upoly_is_affine(qp->upoly))
+               isl_die(qp->dim->ctx, isl_error_invalid,
+                       "input quasi-polynomial not affine", goto error);
+       aff = isl_qpolynomial_extract_affine(qp);
+       if (!aff)
+               goto error;
+       dim = isl_qpolynomial_get_dim(qp);
+       dim = isl_dim_from_domain(dim);
+       pos = 1 + isl_dim_offset(dim, isl_dim_out);
+       dim = isl_dim_add(dim, isl_dim_out, 1);
+       n_div = qp->div->n_row;
+       bmap = isl_basic_map_alloc_dim(dim, n_div, 1, 2 * n_div);
+
+       for (i = 0; i < n_div; ++i) {
+               k = isl_basic_map_alloc_div(bmap);
+               if (k < 0)
+                       goto error;
+               isl_seq_cpy(bmap->div[k], qp->div->row[i], qp->div->n_col);
+               isl_int_set_si(bmap->div[k][qp->div->n_col], 0);
+               if (isl_basic_map_add_div_constraints(bmap, k) < 0)
+                       goto error;
+       }
+       k = isl_basic_map_alloc_equality(bmap);
+       if (k < 0)
+               goto error;
+       isl_int_neg(bmap->eq[k][pos], aff->el[0]);
+       isl_seq_cpy(bmap->eq[k], aff->el + 1, pos);
+       isl_seq_cpy(bmap->eq[k] + pos + 1, aff->el + 1 + pos, n_div);
+
+       isl_vec_free(aff);
+       isl_qpolynomial_free(qp);
+       bmap = isl_basic_map_finalize(bmap);
+       return bmap;
+error:
+       isl_vec_free(aff);
+       isl_qpolynomial_free(qp);
+       isl_basic_map_free(bmap);
+       return NULL;
+}