\input texinfo @c -*-Texinfo-*-
@c Copyright 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
-@c 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007
+@c 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
@c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c UPDATE!! On future updates--
@c (1) check for new machine-dep cmdline options in
@c man begin COPYRIGHT
Copyright @copyright{} 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 2000, 2001, 2002,
-2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
-under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
+under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
Copyright @copyright{} 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 2000, 2001, 2002,
-2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
- under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
+ under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
[@b{-O}|@b{-n}|@b{-N}]
@end ifset
@ifset H8
-@c Renesas family chips have no machine-dependent assembler options
+
+@emph{Target H8/300 options:}
+ [-h-tick-hex]
@end ifset
@ifset HPPA
@c HPPA has no machine-dependent assembler options (yet).
[@b{-mpwrx}|@b{-mpwr2}|@b{-mpwr}|@b{-m601}|@b{-mppc}|@b{-mppc32}|@b{-m603}|@b{-m604}|
@b{-m403}|@b{-m405}|@b{-mppc64}|@b{-m620}|@b{-mppc64bridge}|@b{-mbooke}|
@b{-mbooke32}|@b{-mbooke64}]
- [@b{-mcom}|@b{-many}|@b{-maltivec}] [@b{-memb}]
+ [@b{-mcom}|@b{-many}|@b{-maltivec}|@b{-mvsx}] [@b{-memb}]
[@b{-mregnames}|@b{-mno-regnames}]
[@b{-mrelocatable}|@b{-mrelocatable-lib}]
[@b{-mlittle}|@b{-mlittle-endian}|@b{-mbig}|@b{-mbig-endian}]
the same local label.
Dollar labels are defined in exactly the same way as ordinary local labels,
-except that instead of being terminated by a colon, they are terminated by a
-dollar sign, e.g., @samp{@b{55$}}.
+except that they have a dollar sign suffix to their numeric value, e.g.,
+@samp{@b{55$:}}.
They can also be distinguished from ordinary local labels by their transformed
names which use ASCII character @samp{\001} (control-A) as the magic character
@command{@value{AS}} is assembling into. Thus, the expression @samp{melvin:
.long .} defines @code{melvin} to contain its own address.
Assigning a value to @code{.} is treated the same as a @code{.org}
-directive. Thus, the expression @samp{.=.+4} is the same as saying
+directive.
@ifclear no-space-dir
+Thus, the expression @samp{.=.+4} is the same as saying
@samp{.space 4}.
@end ifclear
* Asciz:: @code{.asciz "@var{string}"}@dots{}
* Balign:: @code{.balign @var{abs-expr} , @var{abs-expr}}
* Byte:: @code{.byte @var{expressions}}
-* Comm:: @code{.comm @var{symbol} , @var{length} }
-
* CFI directives:: @code{.cfi_startproc [simple]}, @code{.cfi_endproc}, etc.
-
+* Comm:: @code{.comm @var{symbol} , @var{length} }
* Data:: @code{.data @var{subsection}}
@ifset COFF
* Def:: @code{.def @var{name}}
* Exitm:: @code{.exitm}
* Extern:: @code{.extern}
* Fail:: @code{.fail}
-@ifclear no-file-dir
-* File:: @code{.file @var{string}}
-@end ifclear
-
+* File:: @code{.file}
* Fill:: @code{.fill @var{repeat} , @var{size} , @var{value}}
* Float:: @code{.float @var{flonums}}
* Func:: @code{.func}
* Linkonce:: @code{.linkonce [@var{type}]}
* List:: @code{.list}
* Ln:: @code{.ln @var{line-number}}
-
-* LNS directives:: @code{.file}, @code{.loc}, etc.
+* Loc:: @code{.loc @var{fileno} @var{lineno}}
+* Loc_mark_labels:: @code{.loc_mark_labels @var{enable}}
+@ifset ELF
+* Local:: @code{.local @var{names}}
+@end ifset
* Long:: @code{.long @var{expressions}}
@ignore
@ifset COFF-ELF
* Size:: @code{.size [@var{name} , @var{expression}]}
@end ifset
-
+@ifclear no-space-dir
* Skip:: @code{.skip @var{size} , @var{fill}}
+@end ifclear
+
* Sleb128:: @code{.sleb128 @var{expressions}}
+@ifclear no-space-dir
* Space:: @code{.space @var{size} , @var{fill}}
+@end ifclear
@ifset have-stabs
* Stab:: @code{.stabd, .stabn, .stabs}
@end ifset
is already a multiple of 8, no change is needed. For the tic54x, the
first expression is the alignment request in words.
-For other systems, including the i386 using a.out format, and the arm and
+For other systems, including ppc, i386 using a.out format, arm and
strongarm, it is the
number of low-order zero bits the location counter must have after
advancement. For example @samp{.align 3} advances the location
described later, which have a consistent behavior across all
architectures (but are specific to GAS).
+@node Altmacro
+@section @code{.altmacro}
+Enable alternate macro mode, enabling:
+
+@ftable @code
+@item LOCAL @var{name} [ , @dots{} ]
+One additional directive, @code{LOCAL}, is available. It is used to
+generate a string replacement for each of the @var{name} arguments, and
+replace any instances of @var{name} in each macro expansion. The
+replacement string is unique in the assembly, and different for each
+separate macro expansion. @code{LOCAL} allows you to write macros that
+define symbols, without fear of conflict between separate macro expansions.
+
+@item String delimiters
+You can write strings delimited in these other ways besides
+@code{"@var{string}"}:
+
+@table @code
+@item '@var{string}'
+You can delimit strings with single-quote characters.
+
+@item <@var{string}>
+You can delimit strings with matching angle brackets.
+@end table
+
+@item single-character string escape
+To include any single character literally in a string (even if the
+character would otherwise have some special meaning), you can prefix the
+character with @samp{!} (an exclamation mark). For example, you can
+write @samp{<4.3 !> 5.4!!>} to get the literal text @samp{4.3 > 5.4!}.
+
+@item Expression results as strings
+You can write @samp{%@var{expr}} to evaluate the expression @var{expr}
+and use the result as a string.
+@end ftable
+
@node Ascii
@section @code{.ascii "@var{string}"}@dots{}
@code{.byte} expects zero or more expressions, separated by commas.
Each expression is assembled into the next byte.
-@node Comm
-@section @code{.comm @var{symbol} , @var{length} }
-
-@cindex @code{comm} directive
-@cindex symbol, common
-@code{.comm} declares a common symbol named @var{symbol}. When linking, a
-common symbol in one object file may be merged with a defined or common symbol
-of the same name in another object file. If @code{@value{LD}} does not see a
-definition for the symbol--just one or more common symbols--then it will
-allocate @var{length} bytes of uninitialized memory. @var{length} must be an
-absolute expression. If @code{@value{LD}} sees multiple common symbols with
-the same name, and they do not all have the same size, it will allocate space
-using the largest size.
-
-@ifset ELF
-When using ELF, the @code{.comm} directive takes an optional third argument.
-This is the desired alignment of the symbol, specified as a byte boundary (for
-example, an alignment of 16 means that the least significant 4 bits of the
-address should be zero). The alignment must be an absolute expression, and it
-must be a power of two. If @code{@value{LD}} allocates uninitialized memory
-for the common symbol, it will use the alignment when placing the symbol. If
-no alignment is specified, @command{@value{AS}} will set the alignment to the
-largest power of two less than or equal to the size of the symbol, up to a
-maximum of 16.
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset HPPA
-The syntax for @code{.comm} differs slightly on the HPPA. The syntax is
-@samp{@var{symbol} .comm, @var{length}}; @var{symbol} is optional.
-@end ifset
-
@node CFI directives
@section @code{.cfi_startproc [simple]}
@cindex @code{cfi_startproc} directive
might use this to add OS-specific CFI opcodes, or generic CFI
opcodes that GAS does not yet support.
-@node LNS directives
-@section @code{.file @var{fileno} @var{filename}}
-@cindex @code{file} directive
-When emitting dwarf2 line number information @code{.file} assigns filenames
-to the @code{.debug_line} file name table. The @var{fileno} operand should
-be a unique positive integer to use as the index of the entry in the table.
-The @var{filename} operand is a C string literal.
-
-The detail of filename indices is exposed to the user because the filename
-table is shared with the @code{.debug_info} section of the dwarf2 debugging
-information, and thus the user must know the exact indices that table
-entries will have.
-
-@section @code{.loc @var{fileno} @var{lineno} [@var{column}] [@var{options}]}
-@cindex @code{loc} directive
-The @code{.loc} directive will add row to the @code{.debug_line} line
-number matrix corresponding to the immediately following assembly
-instruction. The @var{fileno}, @var{lineno}, and optional @var{column}
-arguments will be applied to the @code{.debug_line} state machine before
-the row is added.
-
-The @var{options} are a sequence of the following tokens in any order:
-
-@table @code
-@item basic_block
-This option will set the @code{basic_block} register in the
-@code{.debug_line} state machine to @code{true}.
+@section @code{.cfi_val_encoded_addr @var{register}, @var{encoding}, @var{label}}
+The current value of @var{register} is @var{label}. The value of @var{label}
+will be encoded in the output file according to @var{encoding}; see the
+description of @code{.cfi_personality} for details on this encoding.
-@item prologue_end
-This option will set the @code{prologue_end} register in the
-@code{.debug_line} state machine to @code{true}.
-
-@item epilogue_begin
-This option will set the @code{epilogue_begin} register in the
-@code{.debug_line} state machine to @code{true}.
+The usefulness of equating a register to a fixed label is probably
+limited to the return address register. Here, it can be useful to
+mark a code segment that has only one return address which is reached
+by a direct branch and no copy of the return address exists in memory
+or another register.
-@item is_stmt @var{value}
-This option will set the @code{is_stmt} register in the
-@code{.debug_line} state machine to @code{value}, which must be
-either 0 or 1.
+@node Comm
+@section @code{.comm @var{symbol} , @var{length} }
-@item isa @var{value}
-This directive will set the @code{isa} register in the @code{.debug_line}
-state machine to @var{value}, which must be an unsigned integer.
+@cindex @code{comm} directive
+@cindex symbol, common
+@code{.comm} declares a common symbol named @var{symbol}. When linking, a
+common symbol in one object file may be merged with a defined or common symbol
+of the same name in another object file. If @code{@value{LD}} does not see a
+definition for the symbol--just one or more common symbols--then it will
+allocate @var{length} bytes of uninitialized memory. @var{length} must be an
+absolute expression. If @code{@value{LD}} sees multiple common symbols with
+the same name, and they do not all have the same size, it will allocate space
+using the largest size.
-@end table
+@ifset ELF
+When using ELF, the @code{.comm} directive takes an optional third argument.
+This is the desired alignment of the symbol, specified as a byte boundary (for
+example, an alignment of 16 means that the least significant 4 bits of the
+address should be zero). The alignment must be an absolute expression, and it
+must be a power of two. If @code{@value{LD}} allocates uninitialized memory
+for the common symbol, it will use the alignment when placing the symbol. If
+no alignment is specified, @command{@value{AS}} will set the alignment to the
+largest power of two less than or equal to the size of the symbol, up to a
+maximum of 16.
+@end ifset
-@section @code{.loc_mark_labels @var{enable}}
-@cindex @code{loc_mark_labels} directive
-The @code{.loc_mark_labels} directive makes the assembler emit an entry
-to the @code{.debug_line} line number matrix with the @code{basic_block}
-register in the state machine set whenever a code label is seen.
-The @var{enable} argument should be either 1 or 0, to enable or disable
-this function respectively.
+@ifset HPPA
+The syntax for @code{.comm} differs slightly on the HPPA. The syntax is
+@samp{@var{symbol} .comm, @var{length}}; @var{symbol} is optional.
+@end ifset
@node Data
@section @code{.data @var{subsection}}
include the value of @var{expression}. This can occasionally be useful inside
complex nested macros or conditional assembly.
-@ifclear no-file-dir
@node File
-@section @code{.file @var{string}}
-
+@section @code{.file}
@cindex @code{file} directive
+
+@ifclear no-file-dir
+There are two different versions of the @code{.file} directive. Targets
+that support DWARF2 line number information use the DWARF2 version of
+@code{.file}. Other targets use the default version.
+
+@subheading Default Version
+
@cindex logical file name
@cindex file name, logical
-@code{.file} tells @command{@value{AS}} that we are about to start a new logical
-file. @var{string} is the new file name. In general, the filename is
+This version of the @code{.file} directive tells @command{@value{AS}} that we
+are about to start a new logical file. The syntax is:
+
+@smallexample
+.file @var{string}
+@end smallexample
+
+@var{string} is the new file name. In general, the filename is
recognized whether or not it is surrounded by quotes @samp{"}; but if you wish
to specify an empty file name, you must give the quotes--@code{""}. This
statement may go away in future: it is only recognized to be compatible with
old @command{@value{AS}} programs.
+
+@subheading DWARF2 Version
@end ifclear
+When emitting DWARF2 line number information, @code{.file} assigns filenames
+to the @code{.debug_line} file name table. The syntax is:
+
+@smallexample
+.file @var{fileno} @var{filename}
+@end smallexample
+
+The @var{fileno} operand should be a unique positive integer to use as the
+index of the entry in the table. The @var{filename} operand is a C string
+literal.
+
+The detail of filename indices is exposed to the user because the filename
+table is shared with the @code{.debug_info} section of the DWARF2 debugging
+information, and thus the user must know the exact indices that table
+entries will have.
+
@node Fill
@section @code{.fill @var{repeat} , @var{size} , @var{value}}
@section @code{.line @var{line-number}}
@cindex @code{line} directive
-@end ifclear
-@ifset no-line-dir
-@node Ln
-@section @code{.ln @var{line-number}}
-
-@cindex @code{ln} directive
-@end ifset
@cindex logical line number
@ifset aout-bout
Change the logical line number. @var{line-number} must be an absolute
reported as on logical line number @var{line-number} @minus{} 1. One day
@command{@value{AS}} will no longer support this directive: it is recognized only
for compatibility with existing assembler programs.
-
@end ifset
-@ifclear no-line-dir
Even though this is a directive associated with the @code{a.out} or
@code{b.out} object-code formats, @command{@value{AS}} still recognizes it
when producing COFF output, and treats @samp{.line} as though it
Warn if any of the duplicates do not have exactly the same contents.
@end table
+@node List
+@section @code{.list}
+
+@cindex @code{list} directive
+@cindex listing control, turning on
+Control (in conjunction with the @code{.nolist} directive) whether or
+not assembly listings are generated. These two directives maintain an
+internal counter (which is zero initially). @code{.list} increments the
+counter, and @code{.nolist} decrements it. Assembly listings are
+generated whenever the counter is greater than zero.
+
+By default, listings are disabled. When you enable them (with the
+@samp{-a} command line option; @pxref{Invoking,,Command-Line Options}),
+the initial value of the listing counter is one.
+
@node Ln
@section @code{.ln @var{line-number}}
@end ifset
@end ifset
-@node MRI
-@section @code{.mri @var{val}}
+@node Loc
+@section @code{.loc @var{fileno} @var{lineno} [@var{column}] [@var{options}]}
+@cindex @code{loc} directive
+When emitting DWARF2 line number information,
+the @code{.loc} directive will add a row to the @code{.debug_line} line
+number matrix corresponding to the immediately following assembly
+instruction. The @var{fileno}, @var{lineno}, and optional @var{column}
+arguments will be applied to the @code{.debug_line} state machine before
+the row is added.
-@cindex @code{mri} directive
-@cindex MRI mode, temporarily
-If @var{val} is non-zero, this tells @command{@value{AS}} to enter MRI mode. If
-@var{val} is zero, this tells @command{@value{AS}} to exit MRI mode. This change
-affects code assembled until the next @code{.mri} directive, or until the end
-of the file. @xref{M, MRI mode, MRI mode}.
+The @var{options} are a sequence of the following tokens in any order:
-@node List
-@section @code{.list}
+@table @code
+@item basic_block
+This option will set the @code{basic_block} register in the
+@code{.debug_line} state machine to @code{true}.
-@cindex @code{list} directive
-@cindex listing control, turning on
-Control (in conjunction with the @code{.nolist} directive) whether or
-not assembly listings are generated. These two directives maintain an
-internal counter (which is zero initially). @code{.list} increments the
-counter, and @code{.nolist} decrements it. Assembly listings are
-generated whenever the counter is greater than zero.
+@item prologue_end
+This option will set the @code{prologue_end} register in the
+@code{.debug_line} state machine to @code{true}.
-By default, listings are disabled. When you enable them (with the
-@samp{-a} command line option; @pxref{Invoking,,Command-Line Options}),
-the initial value of the listing counter is one.
+@item epilogue_begin
+This option will set the @code{epilogue_begin} register in the
+@code{.debug_line} state machine to @code{true}.
+
+@item is_stmt @var{value}
+This option will set the @code{is_stmt} register in the
+@code{.debug_line} state machine to @code{value}, which must be
+either 0 or 1.
+
+@item isa @var{value}
+This directive will set the @code{isa} register in the @code{.debug_line}
+state machine to @var{value}, which must be an unsigned integer.
+
+@end table
+
+@node Loc_mark_labels
+@section @code{.loc_mark_labels @var{enable}}
+@cindex @code{loc_mark_labels} directive
+When emitting DWARF2 line number information,
+the @code{.loc_mark_labels} directive makes the assembler emit an entry
+to the @code{.debug_line} line number matrix with the @code{basic_block}
+register in the state machine set whenever a code label is seen.
+The @var{enable} argument should be either 1 or 0, to enable or disable
+this function respectively.
+
+@ifset ELF
+@node Local
+@section @code{.local @var{names}}
+
+@cindex @code{local} directive
+This directive, which is available for ELF targets, marks each symbol in
+the comma-separated list of @code{names} as a local symbol so that it
+will not be externally visible. If the symbols do not already exist,
+they will be created.
+
+For targets where the @code{.lcomm} directive (@pxref{Lcomm}) does not
+accept an alignment argument, which is the case for most ELF targets,
+the @code{.local} directive can be used in combination with @code{.comm}
+(@pxref{Comm}) to define aligned local common data.
+@end ifset
@node Long
@section @code{.long @var{expressions}}
@xref{Altmacro,,@code{.altmacro}}.
@end ftable
-@node Altmacro
-@section @code{.altmacro}
-Enable alternate macro mode, enabling:
-
-@ftable @code
-@item LOCAL @var{name} [ , @dots{} ]
-One additional directive, @code{LOCAL}, is available. It is used to
-generate a string replacement for each of the @var{name} arguments, and
-replace any instances of @var{name} in each macro expansion. The
-replacement string is unique in the assembly, and different for each
-separate macro expansion. @code{LOCAL} allows you to write macros that
-define symbols, without fear of conflict between separate macro expansions.
-
-@item String delimiters
-You can write strings delimited in these other ways besides
-@code{"@var{string}"}:
-
-@table @code
-@item '@var{string}'
-You can delimit strings with single-quote characters.
-
-@item <@var{string}>
-You can delimit strings with matching angle brackets.
-@end table
-
-@item single-character string escape
-To include any single character literally in a string (even if the
-character would otherwise have some special meaning), you can prefix the
-character with @samp{!} (an exclamation mark). For example, you can
-write @samp{<4.3 !> 5.4!!>} to get the literal text @samp{4.3 > 5.4!}.
+@node MRI
+@section @code{.mri @var{val}}
-@item Expression results as strings
-You can write @samp{%@var{expr}} to evaluate the expression @var{expr}
-and use the result as a string.
-@end ftable
+@cindex @code{mri} directive
+@cindex MRI mode, temporarily
+If @var{val} is non-zero, this tells @command{@value{AS}} to enter MRI mode. If
+@var{val} is zero, this tells @command{@value{AS}} to exit MRI mode. This change
+affects code assembled until the next @code{.mri} directive, or until the end
+of the file. @xref{M, MRI mode, MRI mode}.
@node Noaltmacro
@section @code{.noaltmacro}
undefined.
@ifset ELF
+@node PopSection
+@section @code{.popsection}
+
+@cindex @code{popsection} directive
+@cindex Section Stack
+This is one of the ELF section stack manipulation directives. The others are
+@code{.section} (@pxref{Section}), @code{.subsection} (@pxref{SubSection}),
+@code{.pushsection} (@pxref{PushSection}), and @code{.previous}
+(@pxref{Previous}).
+
+This directive replaces the current section (and subsection) with the top
+section (and subsection) on the section stack. This section is popped off the
+stack.
+@end ifset
+
+@ifset ELF
@node Previous
@section @code{.previous}
the top section on the section stack.
@end ifset
-@ifset ELF
-@node PopSection
-@section @code{.popsection}
-
-@cindex @code{popsection} directive
-@cindex Section Stack
-This is one of the ELF section stack manipulation directives. The others are
-@code{.section} (@pxref{Section}), @code{.subsection} (@pxref{SubSection}),
-@code{.pushsection} (@pxref{PushSection}), and @code{.previous}
-(@pxref{Previous}).
-
-This directive replaces the current section (and subsection) with the top
-section (and subsection) on the section stack. This section is popped off the
-stack.
-@end ifset
-
@node Print
@section @code{.print @var{string}}
@end ifset
@end ifset
-@node Sleb128
-@section @code{.sleb128 @var{expressions}}
-
-@cindex @code{sleb128} directive
-@var{sleb128} stands for ``signed little endian base 128.'' This is a
-compact, variable length representation of numbers used by the DWARF
-symbolic debugging format. @xref{Uleb128, ,@code{.uleb128}}.
-
@ifclear no-space-dir
@node Skip
@section @code{.skip @var{size} , @var{fill}}
@var{size} and @var{fill} are absolute expressions. If the comma and
@var{fill} are omitted, @var{fill} is assumed to be zero. This is the same as
@samp{.space}.
+@end ifclear
+@node Sleb128
+@section @code{.sleb128 @var{expressions}}
+
+@cindex @code{sleb128} directive
+@var{sleb128} stands for ``signed little endian base 128.'' This is a
+compact, variable length representation of numbers used by the DWARF
+symbolic debugging format. @xref{Uleb128, ,@code{.uleb128}}.
+
+@ifclear no-space-dir
@node Space
@section @code{.space @var{size} , @var{fill}}
@item
0 for files not affected by the floating-point ABI.
@item
-1 for files using the hardware floating-point ABI.
+1 for files using double-precision hardware floating-point ABI.
@item
2 for files using the software floating-point ABI.
+@item
+3 for files using single-precision hardware floating-point ABI.
@end itemize
@item Tag_GNU_Power_ABI_Vector (8)
want to be, let us know. Some of the history has been lost; we are not
intentionally leaving anyone out.
+@node GNU Free Documentation License
+@appendix GNU Free Documentation License
@include fdl.texi
@node AS Index
projects / platform / upstream / binutils.git / blobdiff