\input texinfo @c -*-Texinfo-*-
-@c Copyright (c) 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright (c) 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 2000, 2001
+@c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c UPDATE!! On future updates--
@c (1) check for new machine-dep cmdline options in
@c md_parse_option definitions in config/tc-*.c
@set have-stabs
@c ---
@include asconfig.texi
+@include gasver.texi
@c ---
@c common OR combinations of conditions
@ifset AOUT
@ifinfo
This file documents the GNU Assembler "@value{AS}".
-Copyright (C) 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
-this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
-are preserved on all copies.
+ Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
+ under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
+ or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
+ with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
+ Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
+ section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
@ignore
Permission is granted to process this file through Tex and print the
(this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).
@end ignore
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual
-under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting
-derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to
-this one.
-
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
-into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.
@end ifinfo
@titlepage
@subtitle for the @value{TARGET} family
@end ifclear
@sp 1
-@subtitle January 1994
+@subtitle Version @value{VERSION}
@sp 1
@sp 13
The Free Software Foundation Inc. thanks The Nice Computer
@end tex
@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
-Copyright @copyright{} 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
-this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
-are preserved on all copies.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual
-under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting
-derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to
-this one.
+ Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
+ under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
+ or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
+ with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
+ Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
+ section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
-into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.
@end titlepage
@ifinfo
@node Top
@top Using @value{AS}
-This file is a user guide to the @sc{gnu} assembler @code{@value{AS}}.
+This file is a user guide to the @sc{gnu} assembler @code{@value{AS}} version
+@value{VERSION}.
@ifclear GENERIC
This version of the file describes @code{@value{AS}} configured to generate
code for @value{TARGET} architectures.
@end ifclear
+
+This document is distributed under the terms of the GNU Free
+Documentation License. A copy of the license is included in the
+section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
+
@menu
* Overview:: Overview
* Invoking:: Command-Line Options
* Machine Dependencies:: Machine Dependent Features
* Reporting Bugs:: Reporting Bugs
* Acknowledgements:: Who Did What
+* GNU Free Documentation License:: GNU Free Documentation License
* Index:: Index
@end menu
@end ifinfo
@c to be limited to one line for the header.
@smallexample
@value{AS} [ -a[cdhlns][=file] ] [ -D ] [ --defsym @var{sym}=@var{val} ]
- [ -f ] [ --gstabs ] [ --help ] [ -I @var{dir} ] [ -J ] [ -K ] [ -L ]
- [ -o @var{objfile} ] [ -R ] [ --statistics ] [ -v ] [ -version ]
- [ --version ] [ -W ] [ -w ] [ -x ] [ -Z ]
+ [ -f ] [ --gstabs ] [ --gdwarf2 ] [ --help ] [ -I @var{dir} ] [ -J ] [ -K ] [ -L ]
+ [ --keep-locals ] [ -o @var{objfile} ] [ -R ] [ --statistics ] [ -v ]
+ [ -version ] [ --version ] [ -W ] [ --warn ] [ --fatal-warnings ]
+ [ -w ] [ -x ] [ -Z ] [ --target-help ]
@ifset A29K
@c am29k has no machine-dependent assembler options
@end ifset
@ifset ARC
- [ -mbig-endian | -mlittle-endian ]
+ [ -marc[5|6|7|8] ]
+ [ -EB | -EL ]
@end ifset
@ifset ARM
- [ -m[arm]1 | -m[arm]2 | -m[arm]250 | -m[arm]3 | -m[arm]6 | -m[arm]7[t][[d]m[i]] ]
- [ -m[arm]v2 | -m[arm]v2a | -m[arm]v3 | -m[arm]v3m | -m[arm]v4 | -m[arm]v4t ]
+ [ -m[arm]1 | -m[arm]2 | -m[arm]250 | -m[arm]3 | -m[arm]6 | -m[arm]60 |
+ -m[arm]600 | -m[arm]610 | -m[arm]620 | -m[arm]7[t][[d]m[i]][fe] | -m[arm]70 |
+ -m[arm]700 | -m[arm]710[c] | -m[arm]7100 | -m[arm]7500 | -m[arm]8 |
+ -m[arm]810 | -m[arm]9 | -m[arm]920 | -m[arm]920t | -m[arm]9tdmi |
+ -mstrongarm | -mstrongarm110 | -mstrongarm1100 ]
+ [ -m[arm]v2 | -m[arm]v2a | -m[arm]v3 | -m[arm]v3m | -m[arm]v4 | -m[arm]v4t |
+ -m[arm]v5 | -[arm]v5t | -[arm]v5te ]
[ -mthumb | -mall ]
[ -mfpa10 | -mfpa11 | -mfpe-old | -mno-fpu ]
[ -EB | -EL ]
- [ -mapcs-32 | -mapcs-26 ]
+ [ -mapcs-32 | -mapcs-26 | -mapcs-float | -mapcs-reentrant ]
+ [ -mthumb-interwork ]
+ [ -moabi ]
+ [ -k ]
@end ifset
@ifset D10V
[ -O ]
@end ifset
-
+@ifset D30V
+ [ -O | -n | -N ]
+@end ifset
@ifset H8
@c Hitachi family chips have no machine-dependent assembler options
@end ifset
@ifset HPPA
@c HPPA has no machine-dependent assembler options (yet).
@end ifset
+@ifset PJ
+ [ -mb | -me ]
+@end ifset
@ifset SPARC
@c The order here is important. See c-sparc.texi.
- [ -Av6 | -Av7 | -Av8 | -Asparclet | -Asparclite | -Av9 | -Av9a ]
- [ -xarch=v8plus | -xarch=v8plusa ] [ -bump ]
+ [ -Av6 | -Av7 | -Av8 | -Asparclet | -Asparclite
+ -Av8plus | -Av8plusa | -Av9 | -Av9a ]
+ [ -xarch=v8plus | -xarch=v8plusa ] [ -bump ] [ -32 | -64 ]
+@end ifset
+@ifset TIC54X
+ [ -mcpu=54[123589] | -mcpu=54[56]lp ] [ -mfar-mode | -mf ]
+ [ -merrors-to-file <filename> | -me <filename> ]
@end ifset
@ifset Z8000
@c Z8000 has no machine-dependent assembler options
[ -ACA | -ACA_A | -ACB | -ACC | -AKA | -AKB | -AKC | -AMC ]
[ -b ] [ -no-relax ]
@end ifset
+@ifset M32R
+ [ --m32rx | --[no-]warn-explicit-parallel-conflicts | --W[n]p ]
+@end ifset
@ifset M680X0
[ -l ] [ -m68000 | -m68010 | -m68020 | ... ]
@end ifset
+@ifset MCORE
+ [ -jsri2bsr ] [ -sifilter ] [ -relax ]
+ [ -mcpu=[210|340] ]
+@end ifset
+@ifset M68HC11
+ [ -m68hc11 | -m68hc12 ]
+ [ --force-long-branchs ] [ --short-branchs ] [ --strict-direct-mode ]
+ [ --print-insn-syntax ] [ --print-opcodes ] [ --generate-example ]
+@end ifset
@ifset MIPS
[ -nocpp ] [ -EL ] [ -EB ] [ -G @var{num} ] [ -mcpu=@var{CPU} ]
- [ -mips1 ] [ -mips2 ] [ -mips3 ] [ -m4650 ] [ -no-m4650 ]
+ [ -mips1 ] [ -mips2 ] [ -mips3 ] [ -mips4 ] [ -mips5 ]
+ [ -mips32 ] [ -mips64 ]
+ [ -m4650 ] [ -no-m4650 ]
[ --trap ] [ --break ]
[ --emulation=@var{name} ]
@end ifset
Generate stabs debugging information for each assembler line. This
may help debugging assembler code, if the debugger can handle it.
+@item --gdwarf2
+Generate DWARF2 debugging information for each assembler line. This
+may help debugging assembler code, if the debugger can handle it. Note - this
+option is only supported by some targets, not all of them.
+
@item --help
Print a summary of the command line options and exit.
+@item --target-help
+Print a summary of all target specific options and exit.
+
@item -I @var{dir}
Add directory @var{dir} to the search list for @code{.include} directives.
@end ifset
@item -L
-Keep (in the symbol table) local symbols, starting with @samp{L}.
+@itemx --keep-locals
+Keep (in the symbol table) local symbols. On traditional a.out systems
+these start with @samp{L}, but different systems have different local
+label prefixes.
@item -o @var{objfile}
Name the object-file output from @code{@value{AS}} @var{objfile}.
Print the maximum space (in bytes) and total time (in seconds) used by
assembly.
+@item --strip-local-absolute
+Remove local absolute symbols from the outgoing symbol table.
+
@item -v
@itemx -version
Print the @code{as} version.
Print the @code{as} version and exit.
@item -W
+@itemx --no-warn
Suppress warning messages.
+@item --fatal-warnings
+Treat warnings as errors.
+
+@item --warn
+Don't suppress warning messages or treat them as errors.
+
@item -w
Ignored.
an ARC processor.
@table @code
-
-@cindex ARC endianness
-@cindex endianness, ARC
-@cindex big endian output, ARC
-@item -mbig-endian
-Generate ``big endian'' format output.
-
-@cindex little endian output, ARC
-@item -mlittle-endian
-Generate ``little endian'' format output.
-
+@item -marc[5|6|7|8]
+This option selects the core processor variant.
+@item -EB | -EL
+Select either big-endian (-EB) or little-endian (-EL) output.
@end table
@end ifset
processor family.
@table @code
-@item -m[arm]1 | -m[arm]2 | -m[arm]250 | -m[arm]3 | -m[arm]6 | -m[arm]7[t][[d]m] | -m[arm]v2 | -m[arm]v2a | -m[arm]v3 | -m[arm]v3m | -m[arm]v4 | -m[arm]v4t
-Specify which variant of the ARM architecture is the target.
+@item -m[arm][1|2|3|6|7|8|9][...]
+Specify which ARM processor variant is the target.
+@item -m[arm]v[2|2a|3|3m|4|4t|5|5t]
+Specify which ARM architecture variant is used by the target.
@item -mthumb | -mall
Enable or disable Thumb only instruction decoding.
@item -mfpa10 | -mfpa11 | -mfpe-old | -mno-fpu
-Select which Floating Point architcture is the target.
-@item -mapcs-32 | -mapcs-26
+Select which Floating Point architecture is the target.
+@item -mapcs-32 | -mapcs-26 | -mapcs-float | -mapcs-reentrant | -moabi
Select which procedure calling convention is in use.
@item -EB | -EL
Select either big-endian (-EB) or little-endian (-EL) output.
+@item -mthumb-interwork
+Specify that the code has been generated with interworking between Thumb and
+ARM code in mind.
+@item -k
+Specify that PIC code has been generated.
@end table
@end ifset
@end table
@end ifset
+@ifset D30V
+The following options are available when @value{AS} is configured for a D30V
+processor.
+@table @code
+@cindex D30V optimization
+@cindex optimization, D30V
+@item -O
+Optimize output by parallelizing instructions.
+
+@cindex D30V nops
+@item -n
+Warn when nops are generated.
+
+@cindex D30V nops after 32-bit multiply
+@item -N
+Warn when a nop after a 32-bit multiply instruction is generated.
+@end table
+@end ifset
+
@ifset I960
The following options are available when @value{AS} is configured for the
Intel 80960 processor.
@end table
@end ifset
+@ifset M32R
+The following options are available when @value{AS} is configured for the
+Mitsubishi M32R series.
+
+@table @code
+
+@item --m32rx
+Specify which processor in the M32R family is the target. The default
+is normally the M32R, but this option changes it to the M32RX.
+
+@item --warn-explicit-parallel-conflicts or --Wp
+Produce warning messages when questionable parallel constructs are
+encountered.
+
+@item --no-warn-explicit-parallel-conflicts or --Wnp
+Do not produce warning messages when questionable parallel constructs are
+encountered.
+
+@end table
+@end ifset
+
@ifset M680X0
The following options are available when @value{AS} is configured for the
Motorola 68000 series.
@end table
@end ifset
+@ifset PJ
+The following options are available when @value{AS} is configured for
+a picoJava processor.
+
+@table @code
+
+@cindex PJ endianness
+@cindex endianness, PJ
+@cindex big endian output, PJ
+@item -mb
+Generate ``big endian'' format output.
+
+@cindex little endian output, PJ
+@item -ml
+Generate ``little endian'' format output.
+
+@end table
+@end ifset
+
+@ifset M68HC11
+The following options are available when @value{AS} is configured for the
+Motorola 68HC11 or 68HC12 series.
+
+@table @code
+
+@item -m68hc11 | -m68hc12
+Specify what processor is the target. The default is
+defined by the configuration option when building the assembler.
+
+@item --force-long-branchs
+Relative branches are turned into absolute ones. This concerns
+conditional branches, unconditional branches and branches to a
+sub routine.
+
+@item -S | --short-branchs
+Do not turn relative branchs into absolute ones
+when the offset is out of range.
+
+@item --strict-direct-mode
+Do not turn the direct addressing mode into extended addressing mode
+when the instruction does not support direct addressing mode.
+
+@item --print-insn-syntax
+Print the syntax of instruction in case of error.
+
+@item --print-opcodes
+print the list of instructions with syntax and then exit.
+
+@item --generate-example
+print an example of instruction for each possible instruction and then exit.
+This option is only useful for testing @code{@value{AS}}.
+
+@end table
+@end ifset
+
@ifset SPARC
The following options are available when @code{@value{AS}} is configured
for the SPARC architecture:
@table @code
-@item -Av6 | -Av7 | -Av8 | -Asparclet | -Asparclite | -Av9 | -Av9a
+@item -Av6 | -Av7 | -Av8 | -Asparclet | -Asparclite
+@itemx -Av8plus | -Av8plusa | -Av9 | -Av9a
Explicitly select a variant of the SPARC architecture.
+@samp{-Av8plus} and @samp{-Av8plusa} select a 32 bit environment.
+@samp{-Av9} and @samp{-Av9a} select a 64 bit environment.
+
+@samp{-Av8plusa} and @samp{-Av9a} enable the SPARC V9 instruction set with
+UltraSPARC extensions.
+
@item -xarch=v8plus | -xarch=v8plusa
For compatibility with the Solaris v9 assembler. These options are
-equivalent to -Av9 and -Av9a, respectively.
+equivalent to -Av8plus and -Av8plusa, respectively.
@item -bump
Warn when the assembler switches to another architecture.
@end table
@end ifset
+@ifset TIC54X
+The following options are available when @value{AS} is configured for the 'c54x
+architecture.
+
+@table @code
+@item -mfar-mode
+Enable extended addressing mode. All addresses and relocations will assume
+extended addressing (usually 23 bits).
+@item -mcpu=@var{CPU_VERSION}
+Sets the CPU version being compiled for.
+@item -merrors-to-file @var{FILENAME}
+Redirect error output to a file, for broken systems which don't support such
+behaviour in the shell.
+@end table
+@end ifset
+
@ifset MIPS
The following options are available when @value{AS} is configured for
a MIPS processor.
@item -mips1
@itemx -mips2
@itemx -mips3
+@itemx -mips4
+@itemx -mips32
Generate code for a particular MIPS Instruction Set Architecture level.
@samp{-mips1} corresponds to the @sc{r2000} and @sc{r3000} processors,
@samp{-mips2} to the @sc{r6000} processor, and @samp{-mips3} to the @sc{r4000}
processor.
+@samp{-mips5}, @samp{-mips32}, and @samp{-mips64} correspond
+to generic @sc{MIPS V}, @sc{MIPS32}, and @sc{MIPS64} ISA
+processors, respectively.
@item -m4650
-@item -no-m4650
+@itemx -no-m4650
Generate code for the MIPS @sc{r4650} chip. This tells the assembler to accept
the @samp{mad} and @samp{madu} instruction, and to not schedule @samp{nop}
instructions around accesses to the @samp{HI} and @samp{LO} registers.
@samp{-no-m4650} turns off this option.
@item -mcpu=@var{CPU}
-Generate code for a particular MIPS cpu. This has little effect on the
-assembler, but it is passed by @code{@value{GCC}}.
+Generate code for a particular MIPS cpu. It is exactly equivalent to
+@samp{-m@var{cpu}}, except that there are more value of @var{cpu}
+understood.
@cindex emulation
@item --emulation=@var{name}
@end table
@end ifset
+@ifset MCORE
+The following options are available when @value{AS} is configured for
+an MCore processor.
+
+@table @code
+@item -jsri2bsr
+@itemx -nojsri2bsr
+Enable or disable the JSRI to BSR transformation. By default this is enabled.
+The command line option @samp{-nojsri2bsr} can be used to disable it.
+
+@item -sifilter
+@itemx -nosifilter
+Enable or disable the silicon filter behaviour. By default this is disabled.
+The default can be overridden by the @samp{-sifilter} command line option.
+
+@item -relax
+Alter jump instructions for long displacements.
+
+@item -mcpu=[210|340]
+Select the cpu type on the target hardware. This controls which instructions
+can be assembled.
+
+@item -EB
+Assemble for a big endian target.
+
+@item -EL
+Assemble for a little endian target.
+
+@end table
+@end ifset
+
@menu
* Manual:: Structure of this Manual
* GNU Assembler:: The GNU Assembler
to @code{@value{AS}}.
@dfn{Logical files} are simply names declared explicitly by assembler
-directives; they bear no relation to physical files. Logical file names
-help error messages reflect the original source file, when @code{@value{AS}}
-source is itself synthesized from other files.
-@xref{App-File,,@code{.app-file}}.
+directives; they bear no relation to physical files. Logical file names help
+error messages reflect the original source file, when @code{@value{AS}} source
+is itself synthesized from other files. @code{@value{AS}} understands the
+@samp{#} directives emitted by the @code{@value{GCC}} preprocessor. See also
+@ref{File,,@code{.file}}.
@node Object
@section Output (Object) File
@node Errors
@section Error and Warning Messages
-@cindex error messsages
+@cindex error messages
@cindex warning messages
@cindex messages from assembler
@code{@value{AS}} may write warnings and error messages to the standard error
@noindent
@cindex line numbers, in warnings/errors
(where @b{NNN} is a line number). If a logical file name has been given
-(@pxref{App-File,,@code{.app-file}}) it is used for the filename,
-otherwise the name of the current input file is used. If a logical line
-number was given
+(@pxref{File,,@code{.file}}) it is used for the filename, otherwise the name of
+the current input file is used. If a logical line number was given
@ifset GENERIC
(@pxref{Line,,@code{.line}})
@end ifset
to particular machine architectures.
@end ifset
-If you are invoking @code{@value{AS}} via the @sc{gnu} C compiler (version 2), you
-can use the @samp{-Wa} option to pass arguments through to the
-assembler. The assembler arguments must be separated from each other
-(and the @samp{-Wa}) by commas. For example:
+If you are invoking @code{@value{AS}} via the @sc{gnu} C compiler (version 2),
+you can use the @samp{-Wa} option to pass arguments through to the assembler.
+The assembler arguments must be separated from each other (and the @samp{-Wa})
+by commas. For example:
@smallexample
gcc -c -g -O -Wa,-alh,-L file.c
@end smallexample
@noindent
-emits a listing to standard output with high-level
-and assembly source.
+This passes two options to the assembler: @samp{-alh} (emit a listing to
+standard output with with high-level and assembly source) and @samp{-L} (retain
+local symbols in the symbol table).
Usually you do not need to use this @samp{-Wa} mechanism, since many compiler
command-line options are automatically passed to the assembler by the compiler.
* o:: -o to name the object file
* R:: -R to join data and text sections
* statistics:: --statistics to see statistics about assembly
+* traditional-format:: --traditional-format for compatible output
* v:: -v to announce version
-* W:: -W to suppress warnings
+* W:: -W, --no-warn, --warn, --fatal-warnings to control warnings
* Z:: -Z to make object file even after errors
@end menu
@ifset HPPA
On the HPPA local labels begin with @samp{L$}.
@end ifset
-@ifset ARM
-@samp{;} for the ARM family;
-@end ifset
@node M
@section Assemble in MRI Compatibility Mode: @code{-M}
(in bytes), and the total execution time taken for the assembly (in @sc{cpu}
seconds).
+@node traditional-format
+@section Compatible output: @code{--traditional-format}
+
+@kindex --traditional-format
+For some targets, the output of @code{@value{AS}} is different in some ways
+from the output of some existing assembler. This switch requests
+@code{@value{AS}} to use the traditional format instead.
+
+For example, it disables the exception frame optimizations which
+@code{@value{AS}} normally does by default on @code{@value{GCC}} output.
+
@node v
@section Announce Version: @code{-v}
command line.
@node W
-@section Suppress Warnings: @code{-W}
+@section Control Warnings: @code{-W}, @code{--warn}, @code{--no-warn}, @code{--fatal-warnings}
-@kindex -W
-@cindex suppressing warnings
-@cindex warnings, suppressing
@code{@value{AS}} should never give a warning or error message when
assembling compiler output. But programs written by people often
cause @code{@value{AS}} to give a warning that a particular assumption was
made. All such warnings are directed to the standard error file.
-If you use this option, no warnings are issued. This option only
-affects the warning messages: it does not change any particular of how
-@code{@value{AS}} assembles your file. Errors, which stop the assembly, are
-still reported.
+
+@kindex @samp{-W}
+@kindex @samp{--no-warn}
+@cindex suppressing warnings
+@cindex warnings, suppressing
+If you use the @code{-W} and @code{--no-warn} options, no warnings are issued.
+This only affects the warning messages: it does not change any particular of
+how @code{@value{AS}} assembles your file. Errors, which stop the assembly,
+are still reported.
+
+@kindex @samp{--fatal-warnings}
+@cindex errors, caused by warnings
+@cindex warnings, causing error
+If you use the @code{--fatal-warnings} option, @code{@value{AS}} considers
+files that generate warnings to be in error.
+
+@kindex @samp{--warn}
+@cindex warnings, switching on
+You can switch these options off again by specifying @code{--warn}, which
+causes warnings to be output as usual.
@node Z
@section Generate Object File in Spite of Errors: @code{-Z}
@ifset ARC
@samp{;} on the ARC;
@end ifset
+@ifset ARM
+@samp{@@} on the ARM;
+@end ifset
@ifset H8/300
@samp{;} for the H8/300 family;
@end ifset
@ifset HPPA
@samp{;} for the HPPA;
@end ifset
+@ifset I80386
+@samp{#} on the i386 and x86-64;
+@end ifset
@ifset I960
@samp{#} on the i960;
@end ifset
+@ifset PJ
+@samp{;} for picoJava;
+@end ifset
@ifset SH
@samp{!} for the Hitachi SH;
@end ifset
@ifset SPARC
@samp{!} on the SPARC;
@end ifset
+@ifset M32R
+@samp{#} on the m32r;
+@end ifset
@ifset M680X0
@samp{|} on the 680x0;
@end ifset
+@ifset M68HC11
+@samp{#} on the 68HC11 and 68HC12;
+@end ifset
@ifset VAX
@samp{#} on the Vax;
@end ifset
@ifset Z8000
@samp{!} for the Z8000;
@end ifset
-@c start-sanitize-v850
@ifset V850
@samp{#} on the V850;
@end ifset
-@c end-sanitize-v850
see @ref{Machine Dependencies}. @refill
-@c FIXME What about i386, m88k, i860?
+@c FIXME What about m88k, i860?
@ifset GENERIC
On some machines there are two different line comment characters. One
a line, while the other always begins a comment.
@end ifset
-@c start-sanitize-v850
@ifset V850
The V850 assembler also supports a double dash as starting a comment that
extends to the end of the line.
@samp{--};
@end ifset
-@c end-sanitize-v850
@kindex #
@cindex lines starting with @code{#}
It is an error to end any statement with end-of-file: the last
character of any input file should be a newline.@refill
-@cindex continuing statements
-@cindex multi-line statements
-@cindex statement on multiple lines
-You may write a statement on more than one line if you put a
-backslash (@kbd{\}) immediately in front of any newlines within the
-statement. When @code{@value{AS}} reads a backslashed newline both
-characters are ignored. You can even put backslashed newlines in
-the middle of symbol names without changing the meaning of your
-source program.
-
An empty statement is allowed, and may include whitespace. It is ignored.
@cindex instructions and directives
@cindex bss section
@item bss section
This section contains zeroed bytes when your program begins running. It
-is used to hold unitialized variables or common storage. The length of
+is used to hold uninitialized variables or common storage. The length of
each partial program's bss section is important, but because it starts
out containing zeroed bytes there is no need to store explicit zero
bytes in the object file. The bss section was invented to eliminate
@end ifset
* Align:: @code{.align @var{abs-expr} , @var{abs-expr}}
-* App-File:: @code{.app-file @var{string}}
* Ascii:: @code{.ascii "@var{string}"}@dots{}
* Asciz:: @code{.asciz "@var{string}"}@dots{}
* Balign:: @code{.balign @var{abs-expr} , @var{abs-expr}}
* Double:: @code{.double @var{flonums}}
* Eject:: @code{.eject}
* Else:: @code{.else}
+* Elseif:: @code{.elseif}
+* End:: @code{.end}
@ifset COFF
* Endef:: @code{.endef}
@end ifset
+* Endfunc:: @code{.endfunc}
* Endif:: @code{.endif}
* Equ:: @code{.equ @var{symbol}, @var{expression}}
* Equiv:: @code{.equiv @var{symbol}, @var{expression}}
* Err:: @code{.err}
+* Exitm:: @code{.exitm}
* Extern:: @code{.extern}
+* Fail:: @code{.fail}
@ifclear no-file-dir
* File:: @code{.file @var{string}}
@end ifclear
* Fill:: @code{.fill @var{repeat} , @var{size} , @var{value}}
* Float:: @code{.float @var{flonums}}
+* Func:: @code{.func}
* Global:: @code{.global @var{symbol}}, @code{.globl @var{symbol}}
+@ifset ELF
+* Hidden:: @code{.hidden @var{names}}
+@end ifset
+
* hword:: @code{.hword @var{expressions}}
* Ident:: @code{.ident}
* If:: @code{.if @var{absolute expression}}
* Include:: @code{.include "@var{file}"}
* Int:: @code{.int @var{expressions}}
+@ifset ELF
+* Internal:: @code{.internal @var{names}}
+@end ifset
+
* Irp:: @code{.irp @var{symbol},@var{values}}@dots{}
* Irpc:: @code{.irpc @var{symbol},@var{values}}@dots{}
* Lcomm:: @code{.lcomm @var{symbol} , @var{length}}
* Macro:: @code{.macro @var{name} @var{args}}@dots{}
* MRI:: @code{.mri @var{val}}
-
* Nolist:: @code{.nolist}
* Octa:: @code{.octa @var{bignums}}
* Org:: @code{.org @var{new-lc} , @var{fill}}
* P2align:: @code{.p2align @var{abs-expr} , @var{abs-expr}}
+@ifset ELF
+* PopSection:: @code{.popsection}
+* Previous:: @code{.previous}
+@end ifset
+
+* Print:: @code{.print @var{string}}
+@ifset ELF
+* Protected:: @code{.protected @var{names}}
+@end ifset
+
* Psize:: @code{.psize @var{lines}, @var{columns}}
+* Purgem:: @code{.purgem @var{name}}
+@ifset ELF
+* PushSection:: @code{.pushsection @var{name}}
+@end ifset
+
* Quad:: @code{.quad @var{bignums}}
* Rept:: @code{.rept @var{count}}
* Sbttl:: @code{.sbttl "@var{subheading}"}
* Set:: @code{.set @var{symbol}, @var{expression}}
* Short:: @code{.short @var{expressions}}
* Single:: @code{.single @var{flonums}}
-@ifset COFF
-* Size:: @code{.size}
-@end ifset
-
+* Size:: @code{.size [@var{name} , @var{expression}]}
* Skip:: @code{.skip @var{size} , @var{fill}}
* Sleb128:: @code{.sleb128 @var{expressions}}
* Space:: @code{.space @var{size} , @var{fill}}
@end ifset
* String:: @code{.string "@var{str}"}
+* Struct:: @code{.struct @var{expression}}
@ifset ELF
+* SubSection:: @code{.subsection}
* Symver:: @code{.symver @var{name},@var{name2@@nodename}}
@end ifset
+
@ifset COFF
* Tag:: @code{.tag @var{structname}}
@end ifset
* Text:: @code{.text @var{subsection}}
* Title:: @code{.title "@var{heading}"}
+* Type:: @code{.type <@var{int} | @var{name} , @var{type description}>}
+* Uleb128:: @code{.uleb128 @var{expressions}}
@ifset COFF
-* Type:: @code{.type @var{int}}
* Val:: @code{.val @var{addr}}
@end ifset
-* Uleb128:: @code{.uleb128 @var{expressions}}
+@ifset ELF
+* Version:: @code{.version "@var{string}"}
+* VTableEntry:: @code{.vtable_entry @var{table}, @var{offset}}
+* VTableInherit:: @code{.vtable_inherit @var{child}, @var{parent}}
+* Weak:: @code{.weak @var{names}}
+@end ifset
+
* Word:: @code{.word @var{expressions}}
* Deprecated:: Deprecated Directives
@end menu
the location counter until it is a multiple of 8. If the location counter
is already a multiple of 8, no change is needed.
-For other systems, including the i386 using a.out format, it is the
+For other systems, including the i386 using a.out format, and the arm and
+strongarm, it is the
number of low-order zero bits the location counter must have after
advancement. For example @samp{.align 3} advances the location
counter until it a multiple of 8. If the location counter is already a
described later, which have a consistent behavior across all
architectures (but are specific to GAS).
-@node App-File
-@section @code{.app-file @var{string}}
-
-@cindex logical file name
-@cindex file name, logical
-@cindex @code{app-file} directive
-@code{.app-file}
-@ifclear no-file-dir
-(which may also be spelled @samp{.file})
-@end ifclear
-tells @code{@value{AS}} that we are about to start a new
-logical file. @var{string} is the new file name. In general, the
-filename is recognized whether or not it is surrounded by quotes @samp{"};
-but if you wish to specify an empty file name is permitted,
-you must give the quotes--@code{""}. This statement may go away in
-future: it is only recognized to be compatible with old @code{@value{AS}}
-programs.@refill
-
@node Ascii
@section @code{.ascii "@var{string}"}@dots{}
of code to be assembled if the condition for the preceding @code{.if}
was false.
-@ignore
-@node End, Endef, Else, Pseudo Ops
+@node Elseif
+@section @code{.elseif}
+
+@cindex @code{elseif} directive
+@code{.elseif} is part of the @code{@value{AS}} support for conditional
+assembly; @pxref{If,,@code{.if}}. It is shorthand for beginning a new
+@code{.if} block that would otherwise fill the entire @code{.else} section.
+
+@node End
@section @code{.end}
@cindex @code{end} directive
-This doesn't do anything---but isn't an s_ignore, so I suspect it's
-meant to do something eventually (which is why it isn't documented here
-as "for compatibility with blah").
-@end ignore
+@code{.end} marks the end of the assembly file. @code{@value{AS}} does not
+process anything in the file past the @code{.end} directive.
@ifset COFF
@node Endef
@end ifset
@end ifset
+@node Endfunc
+@section @code{.endfunc}
+@cindex @code{endfunc} directive
+@code{.endfunc} marks the end of a function specified with @code{.func}.
+
@node Endif
@section @code{.endif}
message and, unless the @code{-Z} option was used, it will not generate an
object file. This can be used to signal error an conditionally compiled code.
+@node Exitm
+@section @code{.exitm}
+Exit early from the current macro definition. @xref{Macro}.
+
@node Extern
@section @code{.extern}
with other assemblers---but it is ignored. @code{@value{AS}} treats
all undefined symbols as external.
+@node Fail
+@section @code{.fail @var{expression}}
+
+@cindex @code{fail} directive
+Generates an error or a warning. If the value of the @var{expression} is 500
+or more, @code{@value{AS}} will print a warning message. If the value is less
+than 500, @code{@value{AS}} will print an error message. The message will
+include the value of @var{expression}. This can occasionally be useful inside
+complex nested macros or conditional assembly.
+
@ifclear no-file-dir
@node File
@section @code{.file @var{string}}
@cindex @code{file} directive
@cindex logical file name
@cindex file name, logical
-@code{.file} (which may also be spelled @samp{.app-file}) tells
-@code{@value{AS}} that we are about to start a new logical file.
-@var{string} is the new file name. In general, the filename is
-recognized whether or not it is surrounded by quotes @samp{"}; but if
-you wish to specify an empty file name, you must give the
-quotes--@code{""}. This statement may go away in future: it is only
-recognized to be compatible with old @code{@value{AS}} programs.
+@code{.file} tells @code{@value{AS}} that we are about to start a new logical
+file. @var{string} is the new file name. In general, the filename is
+recognized whether or not it is surrounded by quotes @samp{"}; but if you wish
+to specify an empty file name, you must give the quotes--@code{""}. This
+statement may go away in future: it is only recognized to be compatible with
+old @code{@value{AS}} programs.
@ifset A29K
In some configurations of @code{@value{AS}}, @code{.file} has already been
removed to avoid conflicts with other assemblers. @xref{Machine Dependencies}.
@end ifset
@end ifclear
+@node Func
+@section @code{.func @var{name}[,@var{label}]}
+@cindex @code{func} directive
+@code{.func} emits debugging information to denote function @var{name}, and
+is ignored unless the file is assembled with debugging enabled.
+Only @samp{--gstabs} is currently supported.
+@var{label} is the entry point of the function and if omitted @var{name}
+prepended with the @samp{leading char} is used.
+@samp{leading char} is usually @code{_} or nothing, depending on the target.
+All functions are currently defined to have @code{void} return type.
+The function must be terminated with @code{.endfunc}.
+
@node Global
@section @code{.global @var{symbol}}, @code{.globl @var{symbol}}
@xref{HPPA Directives,, HPPA Assembler Directives}.
@end ifset
+@ifset ELF
+@node Hidden
+@section @code{.hidden @var{names}}
+
+@cindex @code{.hidden} directive
+@cindex Visibility
+This one of the ELF visibility directives. The other two are
+@code{.internal} (@pxref{Internal,,@code{.internal}}) and
+@code{.protected} (@pxref{Protected,,@code{.protected}}).
+
+This directive overrides the named symbols default visibility (which is set by
+their binding: local, global or weak). The directive sets the visibility to
+@code{hidden} which means that the symbols are not visible to other components.
+Such symbols are always considered to be @code{protected} as well.
+@end ifset
+
@node hword
@section @code{.hword @var{expressions}}
the conditional section of code must be marked by @code{.endif}
(@pxref{Endif,,@code{.endif}}); optionally, you may include code for the
alternative condition, flagged by @code{.else} (@pxref{Else,,@code{.else}}).
+If you have several conditions to check, @code{.elseif} may be used to avoid
+nesting blocks if/else within each subsequent @code{.else} block.
The following variants of @code{.if} are also supported:
@table @code
Assembles the following section of code if the specified @var{symbol}
has been defined.
-@ignore
+@cindex @code{ifc} directive
+@item .ifc @var{string1},@var{string2}
+Assembles the following section of code if the two strings are the same. The
+strings may be optionally quoted with single quotes. If they are not quoted,
+the first string stops at the first comma, and the second string stops at the
+end of the line. Strings which contain whitespace should be quoted. The
+string comparison is case sensitive.
+
+@cindex @code{ifeq} directive
+@item .ifeq @var{absolute expression}
+Assembles the following section of code if the argument is zero.
+
@cindex @code{ifeqs} directive
-@item .ifeqs
-Not yet implemented.
-@end ignore
+@item .ifeqs @var{string1},@var{string2}
+Another form of @code{.ifc}. The strings must be quoted using double quotes.
+
+@cindex @code{ifge} directive
+@item .ifge @var{absolute expression}
+Assembles the following section of code if the argument is greater than or
+equal to zero.
+
+@cindex @code{ifgt} directive
+@item .ifgt @var{absolute expression}
+Assembles the following section of code if the argument is greater than zero.
+
+@cindex @code{ifle} directive
+@item .ifle @var{absolute expression}
+Assembles the following section of code if the argument is less than or equal
+to zero.
+
+@cindex @code{iflt} directive
+@item .iflt @var{absolute expression}
+Assembles the following section of code if the argument is less than zero.
+
+@cindex @code{ifnc} directive
+@item .ifnc @var{string1},@var{string2}.
+Like @code{.ifc}, but the sense of the test is reversed: this assembles the
+following section of code if the two strings are not the same.
@cindex @code{ifndef} directive
@cindex @code{ifnotdef} directive
Assembles the following section of code if the specified @var{symbol}
has not been defined. Both spelling variants are equivalent.
-@ignore
-@item ifnes
-Not yet implemented.
-@end ignore
+@cindex @code{ifne} directive
+@item .ifne @var{absolute expression}
+Assembles the following section of code if the argument is not equal to zero
+(in other words, this is equivalent to @code{.if}).
+
+@cindex @code{ifnes} directive
+@item .ifnes @var{string1},@var{string2}
+Like @code{.ifeqs}, but the sense of the test is reversed: this assembles the
+following section of code if the two strings are not the same.
@end table
@node Include
@end ifset
@end ifclear
+@ifset ELF
+@node Internal
+@section @code{.internal @var{names}}
+
+@cindex @code{.internal} directive
+@cindex Visibility
+This one of the ELF visibility directives. The other two are
+@code{.hidden} (@pxref{Hidden,,@code{.hidden}}) and
+@code{.protected} (@pxref{Protected,,@code{.protected}}).
+
+This directive overrides the named symbols default visibility (which is set by
+their binding: local, global or weak). The directive sets the visibility to
+@code{internal} which means that the symbols are considered to be @code{hidden}
+(ie not visible to other components), and that some extra, processor specific
+processing must also be performed upon the symbols as well.
+@end ifset
+
@node Irp
@section @code{.irp @var{symbol},@var{values}}@dots{}
the endianness of the processor). If it skips 1 or 3 bytes, the fill value is
undefined.
+@ifset ELF
+@node Previous
+@section @code{.previous}
+
+@cindex @code{.previous} directive
+@cindex Section Stack
+This is one of the ELF section stack manipulation directives. The others are
+@code{.section} (@pxref{Section}), @code{.subsection} (@pxref{SubSection}),
+@code{.pushsection} (@pxref{PushSection}), and @code{.popsection}
+(@pxref{PopSection}).
+
+This directive swaps the current section (and subsection) with most recently
+referenced section (and subsection) prior to this one. Multiple
+@code{.previous} directives in a row will flip between two sections (and their
+subsections).
+
+In terms of the section stack, this directive swaps the current section with
+the top section on the section stack.
+@end ifset
+
+@ifset ELF
+@node PopSection
+@section @code{.popsection}
+
+@cindex @code{.popsection} directive
+@cindex Section Stack
+This is one of the ELF section stack manipulation directives. The others are
+@code{.section} (@pxref{Section}), @code{.subsection} (@pxref{SubSection}),
+@code{.pushsection} (@pxref{PushSection}), and @code{.previous}
+(@pxref{Previous}).
+
+This directive replaces the current section (and subsection) with the top
+section (and subsection) on the section stack. This section is popped off the
+stack.
+@end ifset
+
+@node Print
+@section @code{.print @var{string}}
+
+@cindex @code{print} directive
+@code{@value{AS}} will print @var{string} on the standard output during
+assembly. You must put @var{string} in double quotes.
+
+@ifset ELF
+@node Protected
+@section @code{.protected @var{names}}
+
+@cindex @code{.protected} directive
+@cindex Visibility
+This one of the ELF visibility directives. The other two are
+@code{.hidden} (@pxref{Hidden}) and @code{.internal} (@pxref{Internal}).
+
+This directive overrides the named symbols default visibility (which is set by
+their binding: local, global or weak). The directive sets the visibility to
+@code{protected} which means that any references to the symbols from within the
+components that defines them must be resolved to the definition in that
+component, even if a definition in another component would normally preempt
+this.
+@end ifset
+
@node Psize
@section @code{.psize @var{lines} , @var{columns}}
If you specify @var{lines} as @code{0}, no formfeeds are generated save
those explicitly specified with @code{.eject}.
+@node Purgem
+@section @code{.purgem @var{name}}
+
+@cindex @code{purgem} directive
+Undefine the macro @var{name}, so that later uses of the string will not be
+expanded. @xref{Macro}.
+
+@ifset ELF
+@node PushSection
+@section @code{.pushsection @var{name} , @var{subsection}}
+
+@cindex @code{.pushsection} directive
+@cindex Section Stack
+This is one of the ELF section stack manipulation directives. The others are
+@code{.section} (@pxref{Section}), @code{.subsection} (@pxref{SubSection}),
+@code{.popsection} (@pxref{PopSection}), and @code{.previous}
+(@pxref{Previous}).
+
+This directive is a synonym for @code{.section}. It pushes the current section
+(and subsection) onto the top of the section stack, and then replaces the
+current section and subsection with @code{name} and @code{subsection}.
+@end ifset
+
@node Quad
@section @code{.quad @var{bignums}}
@end ifset
@node Section
-@section @code{.section @var{name}}
+@section @code{.section @var{name}} (COFF version)
@cindex @code{section} directive
@cindex named section
named sections; on @code{a.out} targets, for example, it is not accepted, even
with a standard @code{a.out} section name.
-@ifset COFF
For COFF targets, the @code{.section} directive is used in one of the following
ways:
+
@smallexample
.section @var{name}[, "@var{flags}"]
.section @var{name}[, @var{subsegment}]
read-only section
@item x
executable section
+@item s
+shared section (meaningful for PE targets)
@end table
If no flags are specified, the default flags depend upon the section name. If
If the optional argument to the @code{.section} directive is not quoted, it is
taken as a subsegment number (@pxref{Sub-Sections}).
-@end ifset
+
+@section @code{.section @var{name}} (ELF version)
+
+@cindex @code{section} directive
+@cindex named section
@ifset ELF
+@cindex Section Stack
+This is one of the ELF section stack manipulation directives. The others are
+@code{.subsection} (@pxref{SubSection}), @code{.pushsection}
+(@pxref{PushSection}), @code{.popsection} (@pxref{PopSection}), and
+@code{.previous} (@pxref{Previous}).
+@end ifset
+
For ELF targets, the @code{.section} directive is used like this:
+
@smallexample
-.section @var{name}[, "@var{flags}"[, @@@var{type}]]
+.section @var{name} [, "@var{flags}"[, @@@var{type}]]
@end smallexample
+
The optional @var{flags} argument is a quoted string which may contain any
-combintion of the following characters:
+combination of the following characters:
@table @code
@item a
section is allocatable
For ELF targets, the assembler supports another type of @code{.section}
directive for compatibility with the Solaris assembler:
+
@smallexample
.section "@var{name}"[, @var{flags}...]
@end smallexample
+
Note that the section name is quoted. There may be a sequence of comma
separated flags:
@table @code
@item #execinstr
section is executable
@end table
-@end ifset
+
+This directive replaces the current section and subsection. The replaced
+section and subsection are pushed onto the section stack. See the contents of
+the gas testsuite directory @code{gas/testsuite/gas/elf} for some examples of
+how this directive and the other section stack directives work.
@node Set
@section @code{.set @var{symbol}, @var{expression}}
@end ifset
@end ifclear
-@ifset COFF
@node Size
-@section @code{.size}
+@section @code{.size} (COFF version)
@cindex @code{size} directive
This directive is generated by compilers to include auxiliary debugging
information in the symbol table. It is only permitted inside
@code{.def}/@code{.endef} pairs.
-@ifset BOUT
+@ifset BOUT
@samp{.size} is only meaningful when generating COFF format output; when
@code{@value{AS}} is generating @code{b.out}, it accepts this directive but
ignores it.
@end ifset
-@end ifset
+
+@section @code{.size @var{name} , @var{expression}} (ELF version)
+@cindex @code{size} directive
+
+This directive is used to set the size associated with a symbol @var{name}.
+The size in bytes is computed from @var{expression} which can make use of label
+arithmetic. This directive is typically used to set the size of function
+symbols.
@node Sleb128
@section @code{.sleb128 @var{expressions}}
particular machine, the assembler marks the end of each string with a 0 byte.
You can use any of the escape sequences described in @ref{Strings,,Strings}.
+@node Struct
+@section @code{.struct @var{expression}}
+
+@cindex @code{struct} directive
+Switch to the absolute section, and set the section offset to @var{expression},
+which must be an absolute expression. You might use this as follows:
+@smallexample
+ .struct 0
+field1:
+ .struct field1 + 4
+field2:
+ .struct field2 + 4
+field3:
+@end smallexample
+This would define the symbol @code{field1} to have the value 0, the symbol
+@code{field2} to have the value 4, and the symbol @code{field3} to have the
+value 8. Assembly would be left in the absolute section, and you would need to
+use a @code{.section} directive of some sort to change to some other section
+before further assembly.
+
+@ifset ELF
+@node SubSection
+@section @code{.subsection @var{name}}
+
+@cindex @code{.subsection} directive
+@cindex Section Stack
+This is one of the ELF section stack manipulation directives. The others are
+@code{.section} (@pxref{Section}), @code{.pushsection} (@pxref{PushSection}),
+@code{.popsection} (@pxref{PopSection}), and @code{.previous}
+(@pxref{Previous}).
+
+This directive replaces the current subsection with @code{name}. The current
+section is not changed. The replaced subsection is put onto the section stack
+in place of the then current top of stack subsection.
+@end ifset
+
@ifset ELF
@node Symver
@section @code{.symver}
into an application itself so as to override a versioned symbol from a
shared library.
-For ELF targets, the @code{.symver} directive is used like this:
+For ELF targets, the @code{.symver} directive can be used like this:
@smallexample
.symver @var{name}, @var{name2@@nodename}
@end smallexample
-In this case, the symbol @var{name} must exist and be defined within the file
-being assembled. The @code{.versym} directive effectively creates a symbol
+If the symbol @var{name} is defined within the file
+being assembled, the @code{.symver} directive effectively creates a symbol
alias with the name @var{name2@@nodename}, and in fact the main reason that we
just don't try and create a regular alias is that the @var{@@} character isn't
permitted in symbol names. The @var{name2} part of the name is the actual name
building a shared library. If you are attempting to override a versioned
symbol from a shared library, then @var{nodename} should correspond to the
nodename of the symbol you are trying to override.
+
+If the symbol @var{name} is not defined within the file being assembled, all
+references to @var{name} will be changed to @var{name2@@nodename}. If no
+reference to @var{name} is made, @var{name2@@nodename} will be removed from the
+symbol table.
+
+Another usage of the @code{.symver} directive is:
+@smallexample
+.symver @var{name}, @var{name2@@@@nodename}
+@end smallexample
+In this case, the symbol @var{name} must exist and be defined within
+the file being assembled. It is similar to @var{name2@@nodename}. The
+difference is @var{name2@@@@nodename} will also be used to resolve
+references to @var{name2} by the linker.
+
+The third usage of the @code{.symver} directive is:
+@smallexample
+.symver @var{name}, @var{name2@@@@@@nodename}
+@end smallexample
+When @var{name} is not defined within the
+file being assembled, it is treated as @var{name2@@nodename}. When
+@var{name} is defined within the file being assembled, the symbol
+name, @var{name}, will be changed to @var{name2@@@@nodename}.
@end ifset
@ifset COFF
This directive affects subsequent pages, as well as the current page if
it appears within ten lines of the top of a page.
-@ifset COFF
@node Type
-@section @code{.type @var{int}}
+@section @code{.type @var{int}} (COFF version)
@cindex COFF symbol type
@cindex symbol type, COFF
@cindex @code{type} directive
This directive, permitted only within @code{.def}/@code{.endef} pairs,
records the integer @var{int} as the type attribute of a symbol table entry.
-@ifset BOUT
+@ifset BOUT
@samp{.type} is associated only with COFF format output; when
@code{@value{AS}} is configured for @code{b.out} output, it accepts this
directive but ignores it.
@end ifset
-@end ifset
+
+@section @code{.type @var{name} , @var{type description}} (ELF version)
+
+@cindex ELF symbol type
+@cindex symbol type, ELF
+@cindex @code{type} directive
+This directive is used to set the type of symbol @var{name} to be either a
+function symbol or an object symbol. There are five different syntaxes
+supported for the @var{type description} field, in order to provide
+compatibility with various other assemblers. The syntaxes supported are:
+
+@smallexample
+ .type <name>,#function
+ .type <name>,#object
+
+ .type <name>,@@function
+ .type <name>,@@object
+
+ .type <name>,%function
+ .type <name>,%object
+
+ .type <name>,"function"
+ .type <name>,"object"
+
+ .type <name> STT_FUNCTION
+ .type <name> STT_OBJECT
+@end smallexample
+
+@node Uleb128
+@section @code{.uleb128 @var{expressions}}
+
+@cindex @code{uleb128} directive
+@var{uleb128} stands for ``unsigned little endian base 128.'' This is a
+compact, variable length representation of numbers used by the DWARF
+symbolic debugging format. @xref{Sleb128,@code{.sleb128}}.
@ifset COFF
@node Val
@end ifset
@end ifset
-@node Uleb128
-@section @code{.uleb128 @var{expressions}}
+@ifset ELF
+@node Version
+@section @code{.version "@var{string}"}
-@cindex @code{uleb128} directive
-@var{uleb128} stands for ``unsigned little endian base 128.'' This is a
-compact, variable length representation of numbers used by the DWARF
-symbolic debugging format. @xref{Sleb128,@code{.sleb128}}.
+@cindex @code{.version}
+This directive creates a @code{.note} section and places into it an ELF
+formatted note of type NT_VERSION. The note's name is set to @code{string}.
+@end ifset
+
+@ifset ELF
+@node VTableEntry
+@section @code{.vtable_entry @var{table}, @var{offset}}
+
+@cindex @code{.vtable_entry}
+This directive finds or creates a symbol @code{table} and creates a
+@code{VTABLE_ENTRY} relocation for it with an addend of @code{offset}.
+
+@node VTableInherit
+@section @code{.vtable_inherit @var{child}, @var{parent}}
+
+@cindex @code{.vtable_inherit}
+This directive finds the symbol @code{child} and finds or creates the symbol
+@code{parent} and then creates a @code{VTABLE_INHERIT} relocation for the
+parent whose addend is the value of the child symbol. As a special case the
+parent name of @code{0} is treated as refering the @code{*ABS*} section.
+@end ifset
+
+@ifset ELF
+@node Weak
+@section @code{.weak @var{names}}
+
+@cindex @code{.weak}
+This directive sets the weak attribute on the comma separated list of symbol
+@code{names}. If the symbols do not already exist, they will be created.
+@end ifset
@node Word
@section @code{.word @var{expressions}}
@end ifset
In order to assemble compiler output into something that works,
-@code{@value{AS}} occasionlly does strange things to @samp{.word} directives.
+@code{@value{AS}} occasionally does strange things to @samp{.word} directives.
Directives of the form @samp{.word sym1-sym2} are often emitted by
compilers as part of jump tables. Therefore, when @code{@value{AS}} assembles a
directive of the form @samp{.word sym1-sym2}, and the difference between
They are included for compatibility with older assemblers.
@table @t
@item .abort
-@item .app-file
@item .line
@end table
@ifset D10V
* D10V-Dependent:: D10V Dependent Features
@end ifset
+@ifset D30V
+* D30V-Dependent:: D30V Dependent Features
+@end ifset
@ifset H8/300
* H8/300-Dependent:: Hitachi H8/300 Dependent Features
@end ifset
@ifset HPPA
* HPPA-Dependent:: HPPA Dependent Features
@end ifset
+@ifset I370
+* ESA/390-Dependent:: IBM ESA/390 Dependent Features
+@end ifset
@ifset I80386
-* i386-Dependent:: Intel 80386 Dependent Features
+* i386-Dependent:: Intel 80386 and AMD x86-64 Dependent Features
+@end ifset
+@ifset I860
+* i860-Dependent:: Intel 80860 Dependent Features
@end ifset
@ifset I960
* i960-Dependent:: Intel 80960 Dependent Features
@end ifset
+@ifset M32R
+* M32R-Dependent:: M32R Dependent Features
+@end ifset
@ifset M680X0
* M68K-Dependent:: M680x0 Dependent Features
@end ifset
+@ifset M68HC11
+* M68HC11-Dependent:: M68HC11 and 68HC12 Dependent Features
+@end ifset
@ifset MIPS
* MIPS-Dependent:: MIPS Dependent Features
@end ifset
@ifset SH
* SH-Dependent:: Hitachi SH Dependent Features
@end ifset
+@ifset PJ
+* PJ-Dependent:: picoJava Dependent Features
+@end ifset
@ifset SPARC
* Sparc-Dependent:: SPARC Dependent Features
@end ifset
+@ifset TIC54X
+* TIC54X-Dependent:: TI TMS320C54x Dependent Features
+@end ifset
+@ifset V850
+* V850-Dependent:: V850 Dependent Features
+@end ifset
@ifset Z8000
* Z8000-Dependent:: Z8000 Dependent Features
@end ifset
@c in both conditional blocks.
@ifset ARC
-@ifset GENERIC
-@page
-@node ARC-Dependent
-@chapter ARC Dependent Features
-@end ifset
-@ifclear GENERIC
-@node Machine Dependencies
-@chapter ARC Dependent Features
-@end ifclear
-
-@cindex ARC support
-@menu
-* ARC-Opts:: Options
-* ARC-Float:: Floating Point
-* ARC-Directives:: Sparc Machine Directives
-@end menu
-
-@node ARC-Opts
-@section Options
-
-@cindex options for ARC
-@cindex ARC options
-@cindex architectures, ARC
-@cindex ARC architectures
-The ARC chip family includes several successive levels (or other
-variants) of chip, using the same core instruction set, but including
-a few additional instructions at each level.
-
-By default, @code{@value{AS}} assumes the core instruction set (ARC
-base). The @code{.cpu} pseudo-op is intended to be used to select
-the variant.
-
-@table @code
-@cindex @code{-mbig-endian} option (ARC)
-@cindex @code{-mlittle-endian} option (ARC)
-@cindex ARC big-endian output
-@cindex ARC little-endian output
-@cindex big-endian output, ARC
-@cindex little-endian output, ARC
-@item -mbig-endian
-@itemx -mlittle-endian
-Any @sc{arc} configuration of @code{@value{AS}} can select big-endian or
-little-endian output at run time (unlike most other @sc{gnu} development
-tools, which must be configured for one or the other). Use
-@samp{-mbig-endian} to select big-endian output, and @samp{-mlittle-endian}
-for little-endian.
-@end table
-
-@node ARC-Float
-@section Floating Point
-
-@cindex floating point, ARC (@sc{ieee})
-@cindex ARC floating point (@sc{ieee})
-The ARC cpu family currently does not have hardware floating point
-support. Software floating point support is provided by @code{GCC}
-and uses @sc{ieee} floating-point numbers.
-
-@node ARC-Directives
-@section ARC Machine Directives
-
-@cindex ARC machine directives
-@cindex machine directives, ARC
-The ARC version of @code{@value{AS}} supports the following additional
-machine directives:
-
-@table @code
-@item .cpu
-@cindex @code{cpu} directive, SPARC
-This must be followed by the desired cpu.
-The ARC is intended to be customizable, @code{.cpu} is used to
-select the desired variant [though currently there are none].
-
-@end table
-
+@include c-arc.texi
@end ifset
@ifset A29K
@include c-d10v.texi
@end ifset
+@ifset D30V
+@include c-d30v.texi
+@end ifset
+
@ifset H8/300
@include c-h8300.texi
@end ifset
@include c-hppa.texi
@end ifset
+@ifset I370
+@include c-i370.texi
+@end ifset
+
@ifset I80386
@include c-i386.texi
@end ifset
+@ifset I860
+@include c-i860.texi
+@end ifset
+
@ifset I960
@include c-i960.texi
@end ifset
+@ifset M32R
+@include c-m32r.texi
+@end ifset
+
@ifset M680X0
@include c-m68k.texi
@end ifset
+@ifset M68HC11
+@include c-m68hc11.texi
+@end ifset
+
@ifset MIPS
@include c-mips.texi
@end ifset
@include c-ns32k.texi
@end ifset
+@ifset PJ
+@include c-pj.texi
+@end ifset
+
@ifset SH
@include c-sh.texi
@end ifset
@include c-sparc.texi
@end ifset
+@ifset TIC54X
+@include c-tic54x.texi
+@end ifset
+
@ifset Z8000
@include c-z8k.texi
@end ifset
@include c-vax.texi
@end ifset
-@c start-sanitize-v850
@ifset V850
@include c-v850.texi
@end ifset
-@c end-sanitize-v850
@ifset GENERIC
@c reverse effect of @down at top of generic Machine-Dep chapter
distribution.
In any event, we also recommend that you send bug reports for @code{@value{AS}}
-to @samp{bug-gnu-utils@@prep.ai.mit.edu}.
+to @samp{bug-binutils@@gnu.org}.
The fundamental principle of reporting bugs usefully is this:
@strong{report all the facts}. If you are not sure whether to state a
Software Foundation (i386 mainly), and Ken Raeburn of Cygnus Support (sparc,
and some initial 64-bit support).
+Linas Vepstas added GAS support for the ESA/390 "IBM 370" architecture.
+
Richard Henderson rewrote the Alpha assembler. Klaus Kaempf wrote GAS and BFD
support for openVMS/Alpha.
+Timothy Wall, Michael Hayes, and Greg Smart contributed to the various tic*
+flavors.
+
Several engineers at Cygnus Support have also provided many small bug fixes and
configuration enhancements.
want to be, let us know. Some of the history has been lost; we are not
intentionally leaving anyone out.
+@node GNU Free Documentation License
+@chapter GNU Free Documentation License
+
+ GNU Free Documentation License
+
+ Version 1.1, March 2000
+
+ Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
+
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+
+0. PREAMBLE
+
+The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
+written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone
+the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
+modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily,
+this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get
+credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for
+modifications made by others.
+
+This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
+works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
+complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
+license designed for free software.
+
+We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
+software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
+program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
+software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
+it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
+whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
+principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
+
+
+1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
+
+This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a
+notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed
+under the terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any
+such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is
+addressed as "you".
+
+A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
+Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
+modifications and/or translated into another language.
+
+A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
+the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
+publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
+(or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
+within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a
+textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
+mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
+connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
+commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
+them.
+
+The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
+are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
+that says that the Document is released under this License.
+
+The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
+as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
+the Document is released under this License.
+
+A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
+represented in a format whose specification is available to the
+general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and
+straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
+pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
+drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
+for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
+to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
+format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage
+subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is
+not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
+
+Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
+ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
+or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
+HTML designed for human modification. Opaque formats include
+PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only
+by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
+processing tools are not generally available, and the
+machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output
+purposes only.
+
+The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
+plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
+this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
+formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means
+the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
+preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
+
+
+2. VERBATIM COPYING
+
+You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
+commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
+copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
+to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
+conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
+technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
+copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
+compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
+number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
+
+You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
+you may publicly display copies.
+
+
+3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
+
+If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100,
+and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose
+the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
+Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
+the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
+you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
+the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
+visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
+Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
+the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
+as verbatim copying in other respects.
+
+If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
+legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
+reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
+pages.
+
+If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
+more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
+copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
+a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete
+Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the
+general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
+charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter
+option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
+distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this
+Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location
+until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque
+copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to
+the public.
+
+It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
+Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
+them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
+
+
+4. MODIFICATIONS
+
+You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
+the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
+the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
+Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
+and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
+of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
+
+A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
+ from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
+ (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
+ of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
+ if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
+B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
+ responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
+ Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
+ Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five).
+C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
+ Modified Version, as the publisher.
+D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
+E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
+ adjacent to the other copyright notices.
+F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
+ giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
+ terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
+G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
+ and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
+H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
+I. Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to
+ it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
+ publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
+ there is no section entitled "History" in the Document, create one
+ stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
+ given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
+ Version as stated in the previous sentence.
+J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
+ public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
+ the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
+ it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section.
+ You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
+ least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
+ publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
+K. In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
+ preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the
+ substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
+ and/or dedications given therein.
+L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
+ unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
+ or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
+M. Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section
+ may not be included in the Modified Version.
+N. Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements"
+ or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
+
+If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
+appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
+copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
+of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
+list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
+These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
+
+You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
+nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
+parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
+been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
+standard.
+
+You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
+passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
+of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
+Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
+through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
+includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
+by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
+you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
+permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
+
+The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
+give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
+imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
+
+
+5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
+
+You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
+License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
+versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
+Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
+list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
+license notice.
+
+The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
+multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
+copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
+different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
+adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
+author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
+Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
+Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
+
+In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History"
+in the various original documents, forming one section entitled
+"History"; likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements",
+and any sections entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections
+entitled "Endorsements."
+
+
+6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
+
+You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
+released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
+License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
+the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
+verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
+
+You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
+it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
+License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
+other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
+
+
+7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
+
+A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
+and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
+distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version
+of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the
+compilation. Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this
+License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled
+with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they
+are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
+
+If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
+copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter
+of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
+covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate.
+Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.
+
+
+8. TRANSLATION
+
+Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
+distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
+Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
+permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
+translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
+original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
+translation of this License provided that you also include the
+original English version of this License. In case of a disagreement
+between the translation and the original English version of this
+License, the original English version will prevail.
+
+
+9. TERMINATION
+
+You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
+as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
+copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
+automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
+parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
+License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
+parties remain in full compliance.
+
+
+10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
+
+The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
+of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
+versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
+differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
+http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
+
+Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
+If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
+License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
+following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
+of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
+Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
+number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
+as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+
+ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
+
+To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
+the License in the document and put the following copyright and
+license notices just after the title page:
+
+@smallexample
+ Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
+ Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
+ under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
+ or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
+ with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
+ Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
+ A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
+ Free Documentation License".
+@end smallexample
+
+If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections"
+instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no
+Front-Cover Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of
+"Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.
+
+If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
+recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
+free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
+to permit their use in free software.
+
@node Index
@unnumbered Index
projects / external / binutils.git / blobdiff