-This is m4.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.13 from m4.texinfo.
+This is m4.info, produced by makeinfo version 5.1 from m4.texi.
-This manual (28 February 2011) is for GNU M4 (version 1.4.16), a
+This manual (22 September 2013) is for GNU M4 (version 1.4.17), a
package containing an implementation of the m4 macro language.
- Copyright (C) 1989-1994, 2004-2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ Copyright (C) 1989-1994, 2004-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and
no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License."
-
INFO-DIR-SECTION Text creation and manipulation
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* M4: (m4). A powerful macro processor.
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
\1f
+File: m4.info, Node: Copying This Manual, Next: Indices, Prev: Copying This Package, Up: Top
+
+Appendix B How to make copies of this manual
+********************************************
+
+This appendix covers the license for copying this manual. Note that
+some of the longer examples in this manual are also distributed in the
+directory 'm4-1.4.17/examples/', where a more permissive license is in
+effect when copying just the examples.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* GNU Free Documentation License:: License for copying this manual
+
+\1f
File: m4.info, Node: GNU Free Documentation License, Up: Copying This Manual
B.1 License for copying this manual
Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
- `http://fsf.org/'
+ <http://fsf.org/>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms
that the software does. But this License is not limited to
software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless
- of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book.
- We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is
+ of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We
+ recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is
instruction or reference.
1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium,
- that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it
- can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice
+ that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can
+ be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice
grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration,
to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The
"Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member
- of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". You
- accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a
- way requiring permission under copyright law.
+ of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept
+ the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way
+ requiring permission under copyright law.
A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
regarding them.
The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose
- titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in
- the notice that says that the Document is released under this
- License. If a section does not fit the above definition of
- Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant.
- The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document
- does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none.
+ titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the
+ notice that says that the Document is released under this License.
+ If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it
+ is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may
+ contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify
+ any Invariant Sections then there are none.
The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are
listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice
A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
represented in a format whose specification is available to the
general public, that is suitable for revising the document
- straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images
- composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some
- widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to
- text formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of
- formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an
- otherwise Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of
- markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent
- modification by readers is not Transparent. An image format is
- not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A
- copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
+ straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed
+ of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely
+ available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text
+ formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats
+ suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise
+ Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has
+ been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by
+ readers is not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if
+ used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is not
+ "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format,
- SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and
- standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for
- human modification. Examples of transparent image formats include
- PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that
- can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or
- XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally
- available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF
- produced by some word processors for output purposes only.
+ SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming
+ simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification.
+ Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG.
+ Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and
+ edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which
+ the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and
+ the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
+ processors for output purposes only.
The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the
may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading
or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However,
you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you
- distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow
- the conditions in section 3.
+ distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the
+ conditions in section 3.
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above,
and you may publicly display copies.
these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and
Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly
and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The
- front cover must present the full title with all words of the
- title equally prominent and visible. You may add other material
- on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the
- covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and
- satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in
- other respects.
+ front cover must present the full title with all words of the title
+ equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the
+ covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as
+ long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these
+ conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
adjacent pages.
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document
- numbering more than 100, you must either include a
- machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or
- state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network location from
- which the general network-using public has access to download
- using public-standard network protocols a complete Transparent
- copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the
- latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you
- begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that
- this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
- location until at least one year after the last time you
- distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or
- retailers) of that edition to the public.
+ numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable
+ Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with
+ each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general
+ network-using public has access to download using public-standard
+ network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free
+ of added material. If you use the latter option, you must take
+ reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque
+ copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will
+ remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one
+ year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or
+ through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of
- the Document well before redistributing any large number of
- copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated
- version of the Document.
+ the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies,
+ to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the
+ Document.
4. MODIFICATIONS
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document
under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you
- release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with
- the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus
- licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version to
- whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these
- things in the Modified Version:
+ release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the
+ Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing
+ distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever
+ possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in
+ the Modified Version:
A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title
- distinct from that of the Document, and from those of
- previous versions (which should, if there were any, be listed
- in the History section of the Document). You may use the
- same title as a previous version if the original publisher of
- that version gives permission.
+ distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous
+ versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the
+ History section of the Document). You may use the same title
+ as a previous version if the original publisher of that
+ version gives permission.
B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or
entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in
I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title,
and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new
- authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on
- the Title Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in
- the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors,
- and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page,
- then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in
- the previous sentence.
+ authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the
+ Title Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in the
+ Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and
+ publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add
+ an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the
+ previous sentence.
J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document
for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and
likewise the network locations given in the Document for
- previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in
- the "History" section. You may omit a network location for a
- work that was published at least four years before the
- Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version
- it refers to gives permission.
+ previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the
+ "History" section. You may omit a network location for a work
+ that was published at least four years before the Document
+ itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers
+ to gives permission.
K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
- Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the
- section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor
+ Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section
+ all the substance and tone of each of the contributor
acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
- L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
- unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
- or the equivalent are not considered part of the section
- titles.
+ L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered
+ in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the
+ equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section
may not be included in the Modified Version.
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no
- material copied from the Document, you may at your option
- designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this,
- add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified
- Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any
- other section titles.
+ material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate
+ some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their
+ titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's
+ license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other
+ section titles.
You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
definition of a standard.
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text,
- and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end
- of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one
- passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be
- added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the
- Document already includes a cover text for the same cover,
- previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity
- you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may
- replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous
- publisher that added the old one.
+ and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of
+ the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage
+ of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
+ through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document
+ already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added
+ by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on
+ behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old
+ one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added
+ the old one.
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this
License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to
You may combine the Document with other documents released under
this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for
- modified versions, provided that you include in the combination
- all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents,
+ modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all
+ of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents,
unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all
their Warranty Disclaimers.
documents released under this License, and replace the individual
copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy
that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the
- rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the
- documents in all other respects.
+ rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents
+ in all other respects.
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert
- a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow
- this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of
- that document.
+ a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this
+ License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that
+ document.
7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
- separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of
- a storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the
+ separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a
+ storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the
copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the
legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual
works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
- provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly
- and finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the
+ provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
+ finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the
copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some
reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.
after your receipt of the notice.
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate
- the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from
- you under this License. If your rights have been terminated and
- not permanently reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of
- the same material does not give you any rights to use it.
+ the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you
+ under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not
+ permanently reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the
+ same material does not give you any rights to use it.
- 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
+ 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of
the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
- `http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/'.
+ <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/>.
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version
number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered
version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you
have the option of following the terms and conditions either of
that specified version or of any later version that has been
- published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If
- the Document does not specify a version number of this License,
- you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the
- Free Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy
- can decide which future versions of this License can be used, that
+ published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the
+ Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may
+ choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free
+ Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy can
+ decide which future versions of this License can be used, that
proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently
authorizes you to choose that version for the Document.
- 11. RELICENSING
+ 11. RELICENSING
"Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any
World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
site under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1,
2009, provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
-
ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
====================================================
situation.
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
-recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
-free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to
-permit their use in free software.
+recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
+software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit
+their use in free software.
\1f
File: m4.info, Node: Indices, Prev: Copying This Manual, Up: Top
* Menu:
-* Macro index:: Index for all `m4' macros
+* Macro index:: Index for all 'm4' macros
* Concept index:: Index for many concepts
\1f
File: m4.info, Node: Macro index, Next: Concept index, Up: Indices
-C.1 Index for all `m4' macros
+C.1 Index for all 'm4' macros
=============================
-This index covers all `m4' builtins, as well as several useful
-composite macros. References are exclusively to the places where a
-macro is introduced the first time.
+This index covers all 'm4' builtins, as well as several useful composite
+macros. References are exclusively to the places where a macro is
+introduced the first time.
\0\b[index\0\b]
* Menu:
-* __file__: Location. (line 10)
-* __gnu__: Platform macros. (line 12)
-* __line__: Location. (line 11)
-* __os2__: Platform macros. (line 13)
-* __program__: Location. (line 12)
-* __unix__: Platform macros. (line 15)
-* __windows__: Platform macros. (line 17)
-* argn: Shift. (line 258)
-* array: Define. (line 56)
-* array_set: Define. (line 57)
-* builtin: Builtin. (line 9)
-* capitalize: Patsubst. (line 55)
-* changecom: Changecom. (line 10)
-* changequote: Changequote. (line 10)
-* changeword: Changeword. (line 23)
-* cleardivert: Cleardivert. (line 26)
-* cond: Shift. (line 53)
-* copy: Composition. (line 120)
-* curry: Composition. (line 68)
-* debugfile: Debug Output. (line 11)
-* debugmode: Debug Levels. (line 78)
-* decr: Incr. (line 11)
-* define: Define. (line 10)
-* define_blind: Composition. (line 11)
-* defn: Defn. (line 10)
-* divert: Divert. (line 9)
-* divnum: Divnum. (line 9)
-* dnl: Dnl. (line 9)
-* downcase: Patsubst. (line 54)
-* dquote: Shift. (line 196)
-* dquote_elt: Shift. (line 197)
-* dumpdef: Dumpdef. (line 10)
-* errprint: Errprint. (line 9)
-* esyscmd: Esyscmd. (line 9)
-* eval: Eval. (line 9)
-* example: Manual. (line 40)
-* exch: Arguments. (line 13)
-* fatal_error: M4exit. (line 25)
-* foreach: Foreach. (line 9)
-* foreachq: Foreach. (line 10)
-* forloop: Forloop. (line 9)
-* format: Format. (line 9)
-* ifdef: Ifdef. (line 10)
-* ifelse: Ifelse. (line 11)
-* include: Include. (line 9)
-* incr: Incr. (line 10)
-* index: Index macro. (line 9)
-* indir: Indir. (line 9)
-* join: Shift. (line 104)
-* joinall: Shift. (line 105)
-* len: Len. (line 9)
-* m4exit: M4exit. (line 10)
-* m4wrap: M4wrap. (line 14)
-* maketemp: Mkstemp. (line 12)
-* mkstemp: Mkstemp. (line 11)
-* nargs: Pseudo Arguments. (line 13)
-* os2: Platform macros. (line 14)
-* patsubst: Patsubst. (line 9)
-* popdef: Pushdef. (line 12)
-* pushdef: Pushdef. (line 11)
-* quote: Shift. (line 195)
-* regexp: Regexp. (line 9)
-* rename: Composition. (line 121)
-* reverse: Shift. (line 32)
-* shift: Shift. (line 17)
-* sinclude: Include. (line 10)
-* stack_foreach: Stacks. (line 12)
-* stack_foreach_lifo: Stacks. (line 13)
-* stack_foreach_sep: Improved copy. (line 16)
-* stack_foreach_sep_lifo: Improved copy. (line 17)
-* substr: Substr. (line 9)
-* syscmd: Syscmd. (line 9)
-* sysval: Sysval. (line 9)
-* traceoff: Trace. (line 11)
-* traceon: Trace. (line 10)
-* translit: Translit. (line 9)
-* undefine: Undefine. (line 9)
-* undivert: Undivert. (line 9)
-* unix: Platform macros. (line 16)
-* upcase: Patsubst. (line 53)
-* windows: Platform macros. (line 18)
+* __file__: Location. (line 9)
+* __gnu__: Platform macros. (line 11)
+* __line__: Location. (line 10)
+* __os2__: Platform macros. (line 12)
+* __program__: Location. (line 11)
+* __unix__: Platform macros. (line 14)
+* __windows__: Platform macros. (line 16)
+* argn: Shift. (line 255)
+* array: Define. (line 55)
+* array_set: Define. (line 56)
+* builtin: Builtin. (line 8)
+* capitalize: Patsubst. (line 54)
+* changecom: Changecom. (line 9)
+* changequote: Changequote. (line 9)
+* changeword: Changeword. (line 22)
+* cleardivert: Cleardivert. (line 25)
+* cond: Shift. (line 51)
+* copy: Composition. (line 119)
+* curry: Composition. (line 67)
+* debugfile: Debug Output. (line 10)
+* debugmode: Debug Levels. (line 77)
+* decr: Incr. (line 10)
+* define: Define. (line 9)
+* define_blind: Composition. (line 10)
+* defn: Defn. (line 9)
+* divert: Divert. (line 8)
+* divnum: Divnum. (line 8)
+* dnl: Dnl. (line 8)
+* downcase: Patsubst. (line 53)
+* dquote: Shift. (line 193)
+* dquote_elt: Shift. (line 194)
+* dumpdef: Dumpdef. (line 9)
+* errprint: Errprint. (line 8)
+* esyscmd: Esyscmd. (line 8)
+* eval: Eval. (line 8)
+* example: Manual. (line 39)
+* exch: Arguments. (line 12)
+* fatal_error: M4exit. (line 24)
+* foreach: Foreach. (line 8)
+* foreachq: Foreach. (line 9)
+* forloop: Forloop. (line 8)
+* format: Format. (line 8)
+* ifdef: Ifdef. (line 9)
+* ifelse: Ifelse. (line 10)
+* ifelse <1>: Ifelse. (line 11)
+* ifelse <2>: Ifelse. (line 12)
+* include: Include. (line 8)
+* incr: Incr. (line 9)
+* index: Index macro. (line 8)
+* indir: Indir. (line 8)
+* join: Shift. (line 101)
+* joinall: Shift. (line 102)
+* len: Len. (line 8)
+* m4exit: M4exit. (line 9)
+* m4wrap: M4wrap. (line 13)
+* maketemp: Mkstemp. (line 11)
+* mkstemp: Mkstemp. (line 10)
+* nargs: Pseudo Arguments. (line 12)
+* os2: Platform macros. (line 13)
+* patsubst: Patsubst. (line 8)
+* popdef: Pushdef. (line 11)
+* pushdef: Pushdef. (line 10)
+* quote: Shift. (line 192)
+* regexp: Regexp. (line 8)
+* rename: Composition. (line 120)
+* reverse: Shift. (line 31)
+* shift: Shift. (line 16)
+* sinclude: Include. (line 9)
+* stack_foreach: Stacks. (line 11)
+* stack_foreach_lifo: Stacks. (line 12)
+* stack_foreach_sep: Improved copy. (line 15)
+* stack_foreach_sep_lifo: Improved copy. (line 16)
+* substr: Substr. (line 8)
+* syscmd: Syscmd. (line 8)
+* sysval: Sysval. (line 8)
+* traceoff: Trace. (line 10)
+* traceon: Trace. (line 9)
+* translit: Translit. (line 8)
+* undefine: Undefine. (line 8)
+* undivert: Undivert. (line 8)
+* unix: Platform macros. (line 15)
+* upcase: Patsubst. (line 52)
+* windows: Platform macros. (line 17)
\1f
File: m4.info, Node: Concept index, Prev: Macro index, Up: Indices
* Menu:
* argument currying: Composition. (line 63)
-* arguments to macros <1>: Arguments. (line 6)
* arguments to macros: Macro Arguments. (line 6)
+* arguments to macros <1>: Arguments. (line 6)
* arguments to macros, special: Pseudo Arguments. (line 6)
-* arguments, joining: Shift. (line 100)
-* arguments, more than nine <1>: Improved foreach. (line 155)
-* arguments, more than nine <2>: Shift. (line 252)
+* arguments, joining: Shift. (line 98)
* arguments, more than nine: Arguments. (line 54)
+* arguments, more than nine <1>: Shift. (line 250)
+* arguments, more than nine <2>: Improved foreach. (line 156)
* arguments, quoted macro: Quoting Arguments. (line 6)
* arguments, reversing: Shift. (line 31)
* arithmetic: Arithmetic. (line 6)
* arrays: Define. (line 52)
* avoiding quadratic behavior: Improved foreach. (line 38)
-* basic regular expressions <1>: Patsubst. (line 6)
* basic regular expressions: Regexp. (line 6)
-* blind macro <1>: Composition. (line 10)
-* blind macro <2>: Ifelse. (line 52)
+* basic regular expressions <1>: Patsubst. (line 6)
* blind macro: Inhibiting Invocation.
- (line 14)
+ (line 13)
+* blind macro <1>: Ifelse. (line 52)
+* blind macro <2>: Composition. (line 10)
* bug reports: Bugs. (line 6)
* builtins, indirect call of: Builtin. (line 6)
* builtins, special tokens: Defn. (line 101)
* comparing strings: Ifelse. (line 6)
* compatibility: Compatibility. (line 6)
* composing macros: Composition. (line 6)
-* concatenating arguments: Shift. (line 100)
+* concatenating arguments: Shift. (line 98)
* conditional, short-circuiting: Shift. (line 51)
* conditionals: Ifdef. (line 6)
* controlling debugging output: Debug Levels. (line 6)
* deferring expansion: M4wrap. (line 6)
* deferring output: Diversions. (line 6)
* defining new macros: Definitions. (line 6)
-* definition stack <1>: Stacks. (line 6)
* definition stack: Pushdef. (line 6)
-* definitions, displaying macro <1>: Dumpdef. (line 6)
+* definition stack <1>: Stacks. (line 6)
* definitions, displaying macro: Defn. (line 6)
+* definitions, displaying macro <1>: Dumpdef. (line 6)
* deleting macros: Undefine. (line 6)
* deleting whitespace in input: Dnl. (line 6)
-* delimiters, changing <1>: Changecom. (line 6)
* delimiters, changing: Changequote. (line 6)
+* delimiters, changing <1>: Changecom. (line 6)
* discarding diverted text: Cleardivert. (line 6)
-* discarding input <1>: Divert. (line 42)
-* discarding input <2>: Dnl. (line 6)
* discarding input: Ifelse. (line 6)
+* discarding input <1>: Dnl. (line 6)
+* discarding input <2>: Divert. (line 42)
* displaying macro definitions: Dumpdef. (line 6)
* diversion numbers: Divnum. (line 6)
* diverted text, discarding: Cleardivert. (line 6)
* diverting output to files: Divert. (line 6)
* dumping into frozen file: Using frozen files. (line 6)
* error messages, printing: Errprint. (line 6)
-* errors, fatal: Operation modes. (line 20)
+* errors, fatal: Operation modes. (line 19)
* evaluation, of integer expressions: Eval. (line 6)
* examples, understanding: Manual. (line 6)
* executing shell commands: Shell commands. (line 6)
* exit status from shell commands: Sysval. (line 6)
-* exiting from m4: M4exit. (line 6)
+* exiting from 'm4': M4exit. (line 6)
* expansion of macros: Macro expansion. (line 6)
* expansion, deferring: M4wrap. (line 6)
* expansion, tracing macro: Trace. (line 6)
* expressions, evaluation of integer: Eval. (line 6)
-* expressions, regular <1>: Patsubst. (line 6)
* expressions, regular: Regexp. (line 6)
+* expressions, regular <1>: Patsubst. (line 6)
* extracting substrings: Substr. (line 6)
* fast loading of frozen files: Using frozen files. (line 6)
-* fatal errors: Operation modes. (line 20)
+* fatal errors: Operation modes. (line 19)
* FDL, GNU Free Documentation License: GNU Free Documentation License.
(line 6)
* file format, frozen file: Frozen file format. (line 6)
-* file inclusion <1>: Undivert. (line 13)
* file inclusion: File Inclusion. (line 6)
+* file inclusion <1>: Undivert. (line 13)
+* file inclusion <2>: Undivert. (line 89)
* file names, on the command line: Command line files. (line 6)
* files, diverting output to: Divert. (line 6)
* files, names of temporary: Mkstemp. (line 6)
* frozen files for fast loading: Using frozen files. (line 6)
* General Public License (GPL), GNU: GNU General Public License.
(line 6)
-* GNU extensions <1>: Extensions. (line 6)
-* GNU extensions <2>: Using frozen files. (line 6)
-* GNU extensions <3>: Mkstemp. (line 59)
-* GNU extensions <4>: Esyscmd. (line 6)
-* GNU extensions <5>: Eval. (line 125)
-* GNU extensions <6>: Format. (line 6)
-* GNU extensions <7>: Patsubst. (line 6)
-* GNU extensions <8>: Regexp. (line 6)
-* GNU extensions <9>: Undivert. (line 13)
-* GNU extensions <10>: Divert. (line 54)
-* GNU extensions <11>: Search Path. (line 6)
-* GNU extensions <12>: Debug Output. (line 6)
-* GNU extensions <13>: Debug Levels. (line 74)
-* GNU extensions <14>: Builtin. (line 6)
-* GNU extensions <15>: Indir. (line 6)
-* GNU extensions <16>: Arguments. (line 54)
-* GNU extensions <17>: Define. (line 41)
* GNU extensions: Inhibiting Invocation.
- (line 14)
+ (line 13)
+* GNU extensions <1>: Define. (line 41)
+* GNU extensions <2>: Arguments. (line 54)
+* GNU extensions <3>: Indir. (line 6)
+* GNU extensions <4>: Builtin. (line 6)
+* GNU extensions <5>: Debug Levels. (line 74)
+* GNU extensions <6>: Debug Output. (line 6)
+* GNU extensions <7>: Search Path. (line 6)
+* GNU extensions <8>: Divert. (line 54)
+* GNU extensions <9>: Undivert. (line 13)
+* GNU extensions <10>: Undivert. (line 89)
+* GNU extensions <11>: Regexp. (line 6)
+* GNU extensions <12>: Patsubst. (line 6)
+* GNU extensions <13>: Format. (line 6)
+* GNU extensions <14>: Eval. (line 113)
+* GNU extensions <15>: Esyscmd. (line 6)
+* GNU extensions <16>: Mkstemp. (line 58)
+* GNU extensions <17>: Using frozen files. (line 6)
+* GNU extensions <18>: Extensions. (line 6)
* GNU Free Documentation License: GNU Free Documentation License.
(line 6)
* GNU General Public License: GNU General Public License.
* GNU M4, history of: History. (line 6)
* GPL, GNU General Public License: GNU General Public License.
(line 6)
-* history of m4: History. (line 6)
+* history of 'm4': History. (line 6)
* included files, search path for: Search Path. (line 6)
-* inclusion, of files <1>: Undivert. (line 13)
* inclusion, of files: File Inclusion. (line 6)
+* inclusion, of files <1>: Undivert. (line 13)
+* inclusion, of files <2>: Undivert. (line 89)
* increment operator: Incr. (line 6)
* indirect call of builtins: Builtin. (line 6)
* indirect call of macros: Indir. (line 6)
* initialization, frozen state: Using frozen files. (line 6)
-* input location <1>: Location. (line 6)
* input location: Preprocessor features.
(line 28)
+* input location <1>: Location. (line 6)
* input tokens: Syntax. (line 6)
-* input, discarding <1>: Divert. (line 42)
-* input, discarding <2>: Dnl. (line 6)
* input, discarding: Ifelse. (line 6)
+* input, discarding <1>: Dnl. (line 6)
+* input, discarding <2>: Divert. (line 42)
* input, saving: M4wrap. (line 6)
* integer arithmetic: Arithmetic. (line 6)
* integer expression evaluation: Eval. (line 6)
-* invoking m4: Invoking m4. (line 6)
+* invoking 'm4': Invoking m4. (line 6)
* invoking macros: Invocation. (line 6)
* iterating over lists: Foreach. (line 6)
-* joining arguments: Shift. (line 100)
+* joining arguments: Shift. (line 98)
* length of strings: Len. (line 6)
* lexical structure of words: Changeword. (line 6)
* License, code: Copying This Package.
* limit, nesting: Limits control. (line 43)
* literal output: Pseudo Arguments. (line 106)
* local variables: Pushdef. (line 79)
-* location, input <1>: Location. (line 6)
* location, input: Preprocessor features.
(line 28)
+* location, input <1>: Location. (line 6)
* loops: Shift. (line 10)
* loops, counting: Forloop. (line 6)
* loops, list iteration: Foreach. (line 6)
-* M4PATH: Search Path. (line 9)
+* 'M4PATH': Search Path. (line 9)
* macro composition: Composition. (line 6)
* macro definitions, on the command line: Preprocessor features.
(line 6)
* macro expansion, tracing: Trace. (line 6)
* macro invocation: Invocation. (line 6)
-* macro, blind <1>: Composition. (line 10)
-* macro, blind <2>: Ifelse. (line 52)
* macro, blind: Inhibiting Invocation.
- (line 14)
-* macros, arguments to <1>: Arguments. (line 6)
+ (line 13)
+* macro, blind <1>: Ifelse. (line 52)
+* macro, blind <2>: Composition. (line 10)
* macros, arguments to: Macro Arguments. (line 6)
+* macros, arguments to <1>: Arguments. (line 6)
* macros, copying: Composition. (line 116)
* macros, debugging: Debugging. (line 6)
-* macros, displaying definitions <1>: Dumpdef. (line 6)
* macros, displaying definitions: Defn. (line 6)
+* macros, displaying definitions <1>: Dumpdef. (line 6)
* macros, expansion of: Macro expansion. (line 6)
* macros, how to define new: Definitions. (line 6)
* macros, how to delete: Undefine. (line 6)
* macros, recursive: Shift. (line 6)
* macros, special arguments to: Pseudo Arguments. (line 6)
* macros, temporary redefinition of: Pushdef. (line 6)
-* manipulating quotes: Shift. (line 191)
+* manipulating quotes: Shift. (line 189)
* messages, printing error: Errprint. (line 6)
-* more than nine arguments <1>: Improved foreach. (line 155)
-* more than nine arguments <2>: Shift. (line 252)
* more than nine arguments: Arguments. (line 54)
+* more than nine arguments <1>: Shift. (line 250)
+* more than nine arguments <2>: Improved foreach. (line 156)
* multibranches: Ifelse. (line 69)
* names: Names. (line 6)
* nesting limit: Limits control. (line 43)
-* nine arguments, more than <1>: Improved foreach. (line 155)
-* nine arguments, more than <2>: Shift. (line 252)
* nine arguments, more than: Arguments. (line 54)
+* nine arguments, more than <1>: Shift. (line 250)
+* nine arguments, more than <2>: Improved foreach. (line 156)
* numbers: Manual. (line 57)
* options, command line: Invoking m4. (line 10)
* output, diverting to files: Divert. (line 6)
* output, formatted: Format. (line 6)
* output, literal: Pseudo Arguments. (line 106)
* output, saving debugging: Debug Output. (line 6)
-* overview of m4: Intro. (line 6)
+* overview of 'm4': Intro. (line 6)
* pattern substitution: Patsubst. (line 6)
* platform macros: Platform macros. (line 6)
* positional parameters, more than nine: Arguments. (line 54)
* POSIX: Extensions. (line 6)
-* POSIXLY_CORRECT <1>: Incompatibilities. (line 146)
-* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Invoking m4. (line 10)
+* 'POSIXLY_CORRECT': Invoking m4. (line 10)
+* 'POSIXLY_CORRECT' <1>: Incompatibilities. (line 144)
* preprocessor features: Preprocessor features.
(line 6)
* printing error messages: Errprint. (line 6)
-* pushdef stack <1>: Stacks. (line 6)
* pushdef stack: Pushdef. (line 6)
+* pushdef stack <1>: Stacks. (line 6)
* quadratic behavior, avoiding: Improved foreach. (line 38)
* quote delimiters, changing: Changequote. (line 6)
-* quote manipulation: Shift. (line 191)
+* quote manipulation: Shift. (line 189)
* quoted macro arguments: Quoting Arguments. (line 6)
* quoted string: Quoted strings. (line 6)
* quoting rule of thumb: Quoting Arguments. (line 22)
* recursive macros: Shift. (line 6)
* redefinition of macros, temporary: Pushdef. (line 6)
-* regular expressions <1>: Patsubst. (line 6)
-* regular expressions <2>: Regexp. (line 6)
* regular expressions: Changeword. (line 6)
+* regular expressions <1>: Regexp. (line 6)
+* regular expressions <2>: Patsubst. (line 6)
* reloading a frozen file: Using frozen files. (line 6)
-* renaming macros <1>: Composition. (line 116)
* renaming macros: Defn. (line 6)
+* renaming macros <1>: Composition. (line 116)
* reporting bugs: Bugs. (line 6)
-* rescanning <1>: Other Incompatibilities.
- (line 52)
-* rescanning <2>: Defn. (line 61)
-* rescanning <3>: Pseudo Arguments. (line 106)
-* rescanning <4>: Inhibiting Invocation.
- (line 87)
* rescanning: Limits control. (line 56)
+* rescanning <1>: Inhibiting Invocation.
+ (line 86)
+* rescanning <2>: Pseudo Arguments. (line 106)
+* rescanning <3>: Defn. (line 61)
+* rescanning <4>: Other Incompatibilities.
+ (line 52)
* reversing arguments: Shift. (line 31)
* rule of thumb, quoting: Quoting Arguments. (line 22)
* running shell commands: Shell commands. (line 6)
* shell commands, running: Shell commands. (line 6)
* short-circuiting conditional: Shift. (line 51)
* special arguments to macros: Pseudo Arguments. (line 6)
-* stack, macro definition <1>: Stacks. (line 6)
* stack, macro definition: Pushdef. (line 6)
-* standard error, output to <1>: Errprint. (line 6)
-* standard error, output to <2>: Trace. (line 6)
+* stack, macro definition <1>: Stacks. (line 6)
* standard error, output to: Dumpdef. (line 6)
+* standard error, output to <1>: Trace. (line 6)
+* standard error, output to <2>: Errprint. (line 6)
* status of shell commands: Sysval. (line 6)
-* status, setting m4 exit: M4exit. (line 6)
+* status, setting 'm4' exit: M4exit. (line 6)
* string, quoted: Quoted strings. (line 6)
* strings, length of: Len. (line 6)
* substitution by regular expression: Patsubst. (line 6)
* syntax, changing: Changeword. (line 6)
* temporary file names: Mkstemp. (line 6)
* temporary redefinition of macros: Pushdef. (line 6)
-* TMPDIR: Diversions. (line 10)
+* 'TMPDIR': Diversions. (line 10)
* tokens: Syntax. (line 6)
* tokens, builtin macro: Defn. (line 101)
* tokens, special: Other tokens. (line 6)
* words: Names. (line 6)
* words, lexical structure of: Changeword. (line 6)
-
projects / platform / upstream / m4.git / blobdiff