2004-03-08 Michael Meeks <michael@ximian.com>
[platform/upstream/dbus.git] / dbus / dbus-connection.c
index 5d69203..c9c09df 100644 (file)
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2002, 2003  Red Hat Inc.
  *
- * Licensed under the Academic Free License version 1.2
+ * Licensed under the Academic Free License version 2.0
  * 
  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
  *
  */
 
+#include <config.h>
 #include "dbus-connection.h"
 #include "dbus-list.h"
 #include "dbus-timeout.h"
 #include "dbus-hash.h"
 #include "dbus-message-internal.h"
 #include "dbus-threads.h"
+#include "dbus-protocol.h"
+#include "dbus-dataslot.h"
+#include "dbus-string.h"
+#include "dbus-pending-call.h"
+#include "dbus-object-tree.h"
+
+#if 0
+#define CONNECTION_LOCK(connection)   do {                      \
+    _dbus_verbose ("  LOCK: %s\n", _DBUS_FUNCTION_NAME);        \
+    dbus_mutex_lock ((connection)->mutex);                      \
+  } while (0)
+#define CONNECTION_UNLOCK(connection) do {                      \
+    _dbus_verbose ("  UNLOCK: %s\n", _DBUS_FUNCTION_NAME);      \
+    dbus_mutex_unlock ((connection)->mutex);                    \
+  } while (0)
+#else
+#define CONNECTION_LOCK(connection)    dbus_mutex_lock ((connection)->mutex)
+#define CONNECTION_UNLOCK(connection)  dbus_mutex_unlock ((connection)->mutex)
+#endif
 
 /**
  * @defgroup DBusConnection DBusConnection
  *
  * A DBusConnection represents a connection to another
  * application. Messages can be sent and received via this connection.
- *
- * The connection maintains a queue of incoming messages and a queue
- * of outgoing messages. dbus_connection_pop_message() and friends
- * can be used to read incoming messages from the queue.
- * Outgoing messages are automatically discarded as they are
- * written to the network.
- *
+ * The other application may be a message bus; for convenience, the
+ * function dbus_bus_get() is provided to automatically open a
+ * connection to the well-known message buses.
+ * 
  * In brief a DBusConnection is a message queue associated with some
- * message transport mechanism such as a socket.
+ * message transport mechanism such as a socket.  The connection
+ * maintains a queue of incoming messages and a queue of outgoing
+ * messages.
+ *
+ * Incoming messages are normally processed by calling
+ * dbus_connection_dispatch(). dbus_connection_dispatch() runs any
+ * handlers registered for the topmost message in the message queue,
+ * then discards the message, then returns.
  * 
+ * dbus_connection_get_dispatch_status() indicates whether
+ * messages are currently in the queue that need dispatching.
+ * dbus_connection_set_dispatch_status_function() allows
+ * you to set a function to be used to monitor the dispatch status.
+ *
+ * If you're using GLib or Qt add-on libraries for D-BUS, there are
+ * special convenience APIs in those libraries that hide
+ * all the details of dispatch and watch/timeout monitoring.
+ * For example, dbus_connection_setup_with_g_main().
+ *
+ * If you aren't using these add-on libraries, you have to manually
+ * call dbus_connection_set_dispatch_status_function(),
+ * dbus_connection_set_watch_functions(),
+ * dbus_connection_set_timeout_functions() providing appropriate
+ * functions to integrate the connection with your application's main
+ * loop.
+ *
+ * When you use dbus_connection_send() or one of its variants to send
+ * a message, the message is added to the outgoing queue.  It's
+ * actually written to the network later; either in
+ * dbus_watch_handle() invoked by your main loop, or in
+ * dbus_connection_flush() which blocks until it can write out the
+ * entire outgoing queue. The GLib/Qt add-on libraries again
+ * handle the details here for you by setting up watch functions.
+ *
+ * When a connection is disconnected, you are guaranteed to get a
+ * signal "Disconnected" from the interface
+ * #DBUS_INTERFACE_ORG_FREEDESKTOP_LOCAL, path
+ * #DBUS_PATH_ORG_FREEDESKTOP_LOCAL.
+ *
+ * You may not drop the last reference to a #DBusConnection
+ * until that connection has been disconnected.
+ *
+ * You may dispatch the unprocessed incoming message queue even if the
+ * connection is disconnected. However, "Disconnected" will always be
+ * the last message in the queue (obviously no messages are received
+ * after disconnection).
+ *
+ * #DBusConnection has thread locks and drops them when invoking user
+ * callbacks, so in general is transparently threadsafe. However,
+ * #DBusMessage does NOT have thread locks; you must not send the same
+ * message to multiple #DBusConnection that will be used from
+ * different threads.
  */
 
 /**
  * @{
  */
 
-/** default timeout value when waiting for a message reply */
-#define DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_VALUE (15 * 1000)
+/**
+ * Internal struct representing a message filter function 
+ */
+typedef struct DBusMessageFilter DBusMessageFilter;
+
+/**
+ * Internal struct representing a message filter function 
+ */
+struct DBusMessageFilter
+{
+  DBusAtomic refcount; /**< Reference count */
+  DBusHandleMessageFunction function; /**< Function to call to filter */
+  void *user_data; /**< User data for the function */
+  DBusFreeFunction free_user_data_function; /**< Function to free the user data */
+};
+
 
-/** Opaque typedef for DBusDataSlot */
-typedef struct DBusDataSlot DBusDataSlot;
-/** DBusDataSlot is used to store application data on the connection */
-struct DBusDataSlot
+/**
+ * Internals of DBusPreallocatedSend
+ */
+struct DBusPreallocatedSend
 {
-  void *data;                      /**< The application data */
-  DBusFreeFunction free_data_func; /**< Free the application data */
+  DBusConnection *connection; /**< Connection we'd send the message to */
+  DBusList *queue_link;       /**< Preallocated link in the queue */
+  DBusList *counter_link;     /**< Preallocated link in the resource counter */
 };
 
+static dbus_bool_t _dbus_modify_sigpipe = TRUE;
+
 /**
  * Implementation details of DBusConnection. All fields are private.
  */
 struct DBusConnection
 {
-  int refcount; /**< Reference count. */
+  DBusAtomic refcount; /**< Reference count. */
+
+  DBusMutex *mutex; /**< Lock on the entire DBusConnection */
+
+  dbus_bool_t dispatch_acquired; /**< Protects dispatch() */
+  DBusCondVar *dispatch_cond;    /**< Protects dispatch() */
 
+  dbus_bool_t io_path_acquired;  /**< Protects transport io path */
+  DBusCondVar *io_path_cond;     /**< Protects transport io path */
+  
   DBusList *outgoing_messages; /**< Queue of messages we need to send, send the end of the list first. */
   DBusList *incoming_messages; /**< Queue of messages we have received, end of the list received most recently. */
 
+  DBusMessage *message_borrowed; /**< True if the first incoming message has been borrowed */
+  DBusCondVar *message_returned_cond; /**< Used with dbus_connection_borrow_message() */
+  
   int n_outgoing;              /**< Length of outgoing queue. */
   int n_incoming;              /**< Length of incoming queue. */
+
+  DBusCounter *outgoing_counter; /**< Counts size of outgoing messages. */
   
   DBusTransport *transport;    /**< Object that sends/receives messages over network. */
   DBusWatchList *watches;      /**< Stores active watches. */
   DBusTimeoutList *timeouts;   /**< Stores active timeouts. */
   
-  DBusDisconnectFunction disconnect_function;      /**< Callback on disconnect. */
-  void *disconnect_data;                           /**< Data for disconnect callback. */
-  DBusFreeFunction disconnect_free_data_function;  /**< Free function for disconnect callback data. */
-  DBusHashTable *handler_table; /**< Table of registered DBusMessageHandler */
   DBusList *filter_list;        /**< List of filters. */
-  int filters_serial;           /**< Increments when the list of filters is changed. */
-  int handlers_serial;          /**< Increments when the handler table is changed. */
-  DBusDataSlot *data_slots;        /**< Data slots */
-  int           n_slots; /**< Slots allocated so far. */
 
-  DBusCounter *connection_counter; /**< Counter that we decrement when finalized */
+  DBusDataSlotList slot_list;   /**< Data stored by allocated integer ID */
+
+  DBusHashTable *pending_replies;  /**< Hash of message serials to #DBusPendingCall. */  
   
-  int client_serial;            /**< Client serial. Increments each time a message is sent  */
-  unsigned int disconnect_notified : 1; /**< Already called disconnect_function */
+  dbus_uint32_t client_serial;       /**< Client serial. Increments each time a message is sent  */
+  DBusList *disconnect_message_link; /**< Preallocated list node for queueing the disconnection message */
+
+  DBusWakeupMainFunction wakeup_main_function; /**< Function to wake up the mainloop  */
+  void *wakeup_main_data; /**< Application data for wakeup_main_function */
+  DBusFreeFunction free_wakeup_main_data; /**< free wakeup_main_data */
+
+  DBusDispatchStatusFunction dispatch_status_function; /**< Function on dispatch status changes  */
+  void *dispatch_status_data; /**< Application data for dispatch_status_function */
+  DBusFreeFunction free_dispatch_status_data; /**< free dispatch_status_data */
+
+  DBusDispatchStatus last_dispatch_status; /**< The last dispatch status we reported to the application. */
+
+  DBusList *link_cache; /**< A cache of linked list links to prevent contention
+                         *   for the global linked list mempool lock
+                         */
+  DBusObjectTree *objects; /**< Object path handlers registered with this connection */
+
+  unsigned int exit_on_disconnect : 1; /**< If #TRUE, exit after handling disconnect signal */
 };
 
-static void _dbus_connection_free_data_slots (DBusConnection *connection);
+static void               _dbus_connection_remove_timeout_locked             (DBusConnection     *connection,
+                                                                              DBusTimeout        *timeout);
+static DBusDispatchStatus _dbus_connection_get_dispatch_status_unlocked      (DBusConnection     *connection);
+static void               _dbus_connection_update_dispatch_status_and_unlock (DBusConnection     *connection,
+                                                                              DBusDispatchStatus  new_status);
+static void               _dbus_connection_last_unref                        (DBusConnection     *connection);
+
+static DBusMessageFilter *
+_dbus_message_filter_ref (DBusMessageFilter *filter)
+{
+  _dbus_assert (filter->refcount.value > 0);
+  _dbus_atomic_inc (&filter->refcount);
+
+  return filter;
+}
+
+static void
+_dbus_message_filter_unref (DBusMessageFilter *filter)
+{
+  _dbus_assert (filter->refcount.value > 0);
+
+  if (_dbus_atomic_dec (&filter->refcount) == 1)
+    {
+      if (filter->free_user_data_function)
+        (* filter->free_user_data_function) (filter->user_data);
+      
+      dbus_free (filter);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Acquires the connection lock.
+ *
+ * @param connection the connection.
+ */
+void
+_dbus_connection_lock (DBusConnection *connection)
+{
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Releases the connection lock.
+ *
+ * @param connection the connection.
+ */
+void
+_dbus_connection_unlock (DBusConnection *connection)
+{
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Wakes up the main loop if it is sleeping
+ * Needed if we're e.g. queueing outgoing messages
+ * on a thread while the mainloop sleeps.
+ *
+ * @param connection the connection.
+ */
+static void
+_dbus_connection_wakeup_mainloop (DBusConnection *connection)
+{
+  if (connection->wakeup_main_function)
+    (*connection->wakeup_main_function) (connection->wakeup_main_data);
+}
 
+#ifdef DBUS_BUILD_TESTS
+/* For now this function isn't used */
 /**
  * Adds a message to the incoming message queue, returning #FALSE
  * if there's insufficient memory to queue the message.
+ * Does not take over refcount of the message.
  *
  * @param connection the connection.
  * @param message the message to queue.
@@ -118,21 +293,97 @@ dbus_bool_t
 _dbus_connection_queue_received_message (DBusConnection *connection,
                                          DBusMessage    *message)
 {
+  DBusList *link;
+
+  link = _dbus_list_alloc_link (message);
+  if (link == NULL)
+    return FALSE;
+
+  dbus_message_ref (message);
+  _dbus_connection_queue_received_message_link (connection, link);
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * Adds a message-containing list link to the incoming message queue,
+ * taking ownership of the link and the message's current refcount.
+ * Cannot fail due to lack of memory.
+ *
+ * @param connection the connection.
+ * @param link the message link to queue.
+ */
+void
+_dbus_connection_queue_received_message_link (DBusConnection  *connection,
+                                              DBusList        *link)
+{
+  DBusPendingCall *pending;
+  dbus_int32_t reply_serial;
+  DBusMessage *message;
+  
   _dbus_assert (_dbus_transport_get_is_authenticated (connection->transport));
   
-  if (!_dbus_list_append (&connection->incoming_messages,
-                          message))
-    return FALSE;
+  _dbus_list_append_link (&connection->incoming_messages,
+                          link);
+  message = link->data;
+
+  /* If this is a reply we're waiting on, remove timeout for it */
+  reply_serial = dbus_message_get_reply_serial (message);
+  if (reply_serial != -1)
+    {
+      pending = _dbus_hash_table_lookup_int (connection->pending_replies,
+                                             reply_serial);
+      if (pending != NULL)
+       {
+         if (pending->timeout_added)
+           _dbus_connection_remove_timeout_locked (connection,
+                                                    pending->timeout);
+
+         pending->timeout_added = FALSE;
+       }
+    }
   
-  dbus_message_ref (message);
   connection->n_incoming += 1;
 
-  _dbus_verbose ("Incoming message %p added to queue, %d incoming\n",
-                 message, connection->n_incoming);
+  _dbus_connection_wakeup_mainloop (connection);
   
-  return TRUE;
+  _dbus_verbose ("Message %p (%d %s '%s') added to incoming queue %p, %d incoming\n",
+                 message,
+                 dbus_message_get_type (message),
+                 dbus_message_get_interface (message) ?
+                 dbus_message_get_interface (message) :
+                 "no interface",
+                 dbus_message_get_signature (message),
+                 connection,
+                 connection->n_incoming);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Adds a link + message to the incoming message queue.
+ * Can't fail. Takes ownership of both link and message.
+ *
+ * @param connection the connection.
+ * @param link the list node and message to queue.
+ *
+ * @todo This needs to wake up the mainloop if it is in
+ * a poll/select and this is a multithreaded app.
+ */
+static void
+_dbus_connection_queue_synthesized_message_link (DBusConnection *connection,
+                                                DBusList *link)
+{
+  _dbus_list_append_link (&connection->incoming_messages, link);
+
+  connection->n_incoming += 1;
+
+  _dbus_connection_wakeup_mainloop (connection);
+  
+  _dbus_verbose ("Synthesized message %p added to incoming queue %p, %d incoming\n",
+                 link->data, connection, connection->n_incoming);
 }
 
+
 /**
  * Checks whether there are messages in the outgoing message queue.
  *
@@ -161,6 +412,7 @@ _dbus_connection_get_message_to_send (DBusConnection *connection)
 /**
  * Notifies the connection that a message has been sent, so the
  * message can be removed from the outgoing queue.
+ * Called with the connection lock held.
  *
  * @param connection the connection.
  * @param message the message that was sent.
@@ -169,16 +421,36 @@ void
 _dbus_connection_message_sent (DBusConnection *connection,
                                DBusMessage    *message)
 {
+  DBusList *link;
+  
   _dbus_assert (_dbus_transport_get_is_authenticated (connection->transport));
-  _dbus_assert (message == _dbus_list_get_last (&connection->outgoing_messages));
   
-  _dbus_list_pop_last (&connection->outgoing_messages);
-  dbus_message_unref (message);
+  link = _dbus_list_get_last_link (&connection->outgoing_messages);
+  _dbus_assert (link != NULL);
+  _dbus_assert (link->data == message);
+
+  /* Save this link in the link cache */
+  _dbus_list_unlink (&connection->outgoing_messages,
+                     link);
+  _dbus_list_prepend_link (&connection->link_cache, link);
   
   connection->n_outgoing -= 1;
 
-  _dbus_verbose ("Message %p removed from outgoing queue, %d left to send\n",
-                 message, connection->n_outgoing);
+  _dbus_verbose ("Message %p (%d %s '%s') removed from outgoing queue %p, %d left to send\n",
+                 message,
+                 dbus_message_get_type (message),
+                 dbus_message_get_interface (message) ?
+                 dbus_message_get_interface (message) :
+                 "no interface",
+                 dbus_message_get_signature (message),
+                 connection, connection->n_outgoing);
+
+  /* Save this link in the link cache also */
+  _dbus_message_remove_size_counter (message, connection->outgoing_counter,
+                                     &link);
+  _dbus_list_prepend_link (&connection->link_cache, link);
+  
+  dbus_message_unref (message);
   
   if (connection->n_outgoing == 0)
     _dbus_transport_messages_pending (connection->transport,
@@ -224,26 +496,264 @@ _dbus_connection_remove_watch (DBusConnection *connection,
 }
 
 /**
- * Tells the connection that the transport has been disconnected.
- * Results in calling the application disconnect callback.
- * Only has an effect the first time it's called.
+ * Toggles a watch and notifies app via connection's
+ * DBusWatchToggledFunction if available. It's an error to call this
+ * function on a watch that was not previously added.
+ *
+ * @param connection the connection.
+ * @param watch the watch to toggle.
+ * @param enabled whether to enable or disable
+ */
+void
+_dbus_connection_toggle_watch (DBusConnection *connection,
+                               DBusWatch      *watch,
+                               dbus_bool_t     enabled)
+{
+  if (connection->watches) /* null during finalize */
+    _dbus_watch_list_toggle_watch (connection->watches,
+                                   watch, enabled);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Adds a timeout using the connection's DBusAddTimeoutFunction if
+ * available. Otherwise records the timeout to be added when said
+ * function is available. Also re-adds the timeout if the
+ * DBusAddTimeoutFunction changes. May fail due to lack of memory.
+ * The timeout will fire repeatedly until removed.
+ *
+ * @param connection the connection.
+ * @param timeout the timeout to add.
+ * @returns #TRUE on success.
+ */
+dbus_bool_t
+_dbus_connection_add_timeout (DBusConnection *connection,
+                             DBusTimeout    *timeout)
+{
+ if (connection->timeouts) /* null during finalize */
+    return _dbus_timeout_list_add_timeout (connection->timeouts,
+                                          timeout);
+  else
+    return FALSE;  
+}
+
+/**
+ * Removes a timeout using the connection's DBusRemoveTimeoutFunction
+ * if available. It's an error to call this function on a timeout
+ * that was not previously added.
+ *
+ * @param connection the connection.
+ * @param timeout the timeout to remove.
+ */
+void
+_dbus_connection_remove_timeout (DBusConnection *connection,
+                                DBusTimeout    *timeout)
+{
+  if (connection->timeouts) /* null during finalize */
+    _dbus_timeout_list_remove_timeout (connection->timeouts,
+                                      timeout);
+}
+
+static void
+_dbus_connection_remove_timeout_locked (DBusConnection *connection,
+                                       DBusTimeout    *timeout)
+{
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+  _dbus_connection_remove_timeout (connection, timeout);
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Toggles a timeout and notifies app via connection's
+ * DBusTimeoutToggledFunction if available. It's an error to call this
+ * function on a timeout that was not previously added.
+ *
+ * @param connection the connection.
+ * @param timeout the timeout to toggle.
+ * @param enabled whether to enable or disable
+ */
+void
+_dbus_connection_toggle_timeout (DBusConnection *connection,
+                                 DBusTimeout      *timeout,
+                                 dbus_bool_t     enabled)
+{
+  if (connection->timeouts) /* null during finalize */
+    _dbus_timeout_list_toggle_timeout (connection->timeouts,
+                                       timeout, enabled);
+}
+
+static dbus_bool_t
+_dbus_connection_attach_pending_call_unlocked (DBusConnection  *connection,
+                                               DBusPendingCall *pending)
+{
+  _dbus_assert (pending->reply_serial != 0);
+
+  if (!_dbus_connection_add_timeout (connection, pending->timeout))
+    return FALSE;
+  
+  if (!_dbus_hash_table_insert_int (connection->pending_replies,
+                                    pending->reply_serial,
+                                    pending))
+    {
+      _dbus_connection_remove_timeout (connection, pending->timeout);
+      return FALSE;
+    }
+  
+  pending->timeout_added = TRUE;
+  pending->connection = connection;
+
+  dbus_pending_call_ref (pending);
+  
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+static void
+free_pending_call_on_hash_removal (void *data)
+{
+  DBusPendingCall *pending;
+  
+  if (data == NULL)
+    return;
+
+  pending = data;
+
+  if (pending->connection)
+    {
+      if (pending->timeout_added)
+        {
+          _dbus_connection_remove_timeout (pending->connection,
+                                           pending->timeout);
+          pending->timeout_added = FALSE;
+        }
+
+      pending->connection = NULL;
+      
+      dbus_pending_call_unref (pending);
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+_dbus_connection_detach_pending_call_and_unlock (DBusConnection  *connection,
+                                                 DBusPendingCall *pending)
+{
+  /* The idea here is to avoid finalizing the pending call
+   * with the lock held, since there's a destroy notifier
+   * in pending call that goes out to application code.
+   */
+  dbus_pending_call_ref (pending);
+  _dbus_hash_table_remove_int (connection->pending_replies,
+                               pending->reply_serial);
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
+  dbus_pending_call_unref (pending);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Removes a pending call from the connection, such that
+ * the pending reply will be ignored. May drop the last
+ * reference to the pending call.
  *
  * @param connection the connection
+ * @param pending the pending call
+ */
+void
+_dbus_connection_remove_pending_call (DBusConnection  *connection,
+                                      DBusPendingCall *pending)
+{
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+  _dbus_connection_detach_pending_call_and_unlock (connection, pending);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Completes a pending call with the given message,
+ * or if the message is #NULL, by timing out the pending call.
+ * 
+ * @param pending the pending call
+ * @param message the message to complete the call with, or #NULL
+ *  to time out the call
  */
 void
-_dbus_connection_notify_disconnected (DBusConnection *connection)
+_dbus_pending_call_complete_and_unlock (DBusPendingCall *pending,
+                                        DBusMessage     *message)
 {
-  if (connection->disconnect_function != NULL &&
-      !connection->disconnect_notified)
+  if (message == NULL)
     {
-      connection->disconnect_notified = TRUE;
-      dbus_connection_ref (connection);
-      (* connection->disconnect_function) (connection,
-                                           connection->disconnect_data);
-      dbus_connection_unref (connection);
+      message = pending->timeout_link->data;
+      _dbus_list_clear (&pending->timeout_link);
+    }
+  else
+    dbus_message_ref (message);
+
+  _dbus_verbose ("  handing message %p (%s) to pending call serial %u\n",
+                 message,
+                 dbus_message_get_type (message) == DBUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_RETURN ?
+                 "method return" :
+                 dbus_message_get_type (message) == DBUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_ERROR ?
+                 "error" : "other type",
+                 pending->reply_serial);
+  
+  _dbus_assert (pending->reply == NULL);
+  _dbus_assert (pending->reply_serial == dbus_message_get_reply_serial (message));
+  pending->reply = message;
+  
+  dbus_pending_call_ref (pending); /* in case there's no app with a ref held */
+  _dbus_connection_detach_pending_call_and_unlock (pending->connection, pending);
+  
+  /* Must be called unlocked since it invokes app callback */
+  _dbus_pending_call_notify (pending);
+  dbus_pending_call_unref (pending);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Acquire the transporter I/O path. This must be done before
+ * doing any I/O in the transporter. May sleep and drop the
+ * connection mutex while waiting for the I/O path.
+ *
+ * @param connection the connection.
+ * @param timeout_milliseconds maximum blocking time, or -1 for no limit.
+ * @returns TRUE if the I/O path was acquired.
+ */
+static dbus_bool_t
+_dbus_connection_acquire_io_path (DBusConnection *connection,
+                                 int timeout_milliseconds)
+{
+  dbus_bool_t res = TRUE;
+
+  if (connection->io_path_acquired)
+    {
+      if (timeout_milliseconds != -1) 
+       res = dbus_condvar_wait_timeout (connection->io_path_cond,
+                                        connection->mutex,
+                                        timeout_milliseconds);
+      else
+       dbus_condvar_wait (connection->io_path_cond, connection->mutex);
+    }
+  
+  if (res)
+    {
+      _dbus_assert (!connection->io_path_acquired);
+
+      connection->io_path_acquired = TRUE;
     }
+  
+  return res;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Release the I/O path when you're done with it. Only call
+ * after you've acquired the I/O. Wakes up at most one thread
+ * currently waiting to acquire the I/O path.
+ *
+ * @param connection the connection.
+ */
+static void
+_dbus_connection_release_io_path (DBusConnection *connection)
+{
+  _dbus_assert (connection->io_path_acquired);
+
+  connection->io_path_acquired = FALSE;
+  dbus_condvar_wake_one (connection->io_path_cond);
 }
 
+
 /**
  * Queues incoming messages and sends outgoing messages for this
  * connection, optionally blocking in the process. Each call to
@@ -277,9 +787,14 @@ _dbus_connection_do_iteration (DBusConnection *connection,
 {
   if (connection->n_outgoing == 0)
     flags &= ~DBUS_ITERATION_DO_WRITING;
-  
-  _dbus_transport_do_iteration (connection->transport,
-                                flags, timeout_milliseconds);
+
+  if (_dbus_connection_acquire_io_path (connection,
+                                       (flags & DBUS_ITERATION_BLOCK) ? timeout_milliseconds : 0))
+    {
+      _dbus_transport_do_iteration (connection->transport,
+                                   flags, timeout_milliseconds);
+      _dbus_connection_release_io_path (connection);
+    }
 }
 
 /**
@@ -297,11 +812,28 @@ _dbus_connection_new_for_transport (DBusTransport *transport)
   DBusConnection *connection;
   DBusWatchList *watch_list;
   DBusTimeoutList *timeout_list;
-  DBusHashTable *handler_table;
+  DBusHashTable *pending_replies;
+  DBusMutex *mutex;
+  DBusCondVar *message_returned_cond;
+  DBusCondVar *dispatch_cond;
+  DBusCondVar *io_path_cond;
+  DBusList *disconnect_link;
+  DBusMessage *disconnect_message;
+  DBusCounter *outgoing_counter;
+  DBusObjectTree *objects;
   
   watch_list = NULL;
   connection = NULL;
-  handler_table = NULL;
+  pending_replies = NULL;
+  timeout_list = NULL;
+  mutex = NULL;
+  message_returned_cond = NULL;
+  dispatch_cond = NULL;
+  io_path_cond = NULL;
+  disconnect_link = NULL;
+  disconnect_message = NULL;
+  outgoing_counter = NULL;
+  objects = NULL;
   
   watch_list = _dbus_watch_list_new ();
   if (watch_list == NULL)
@@ -309,120 +841,227 @@ _dbus_connection_new_for_transport (DBusTransport *transport)
 
   timeout_list = _dbus_timeout_list_new ();
   if (timeout_list == NULL)
-    goto error;
-  
-  handler_table =
-    _dbus_hash_table_new (DBUS_HASH_STRING,
-                          dbus_free, NULL);
-  if (handler_table == NULL)
+    goto error;  
+
+  pending_replies =
+    _dbus_hash_table_new (DBUS_HASH_INT,
+                         NULL,
+                          (DBusFreeFunction)free_pending_call_on_hash_removal);
+  if (pending_replies == NULL)
     goto error;
   
   connection = dbus_new0 (DBusConnection, 1);
   if (connection == NULL)
     goto error;
+
+  mutex = dbus_mutex_new ();
+  if (mutex == NULL)
+    goto error;
+  
+  message_returned_cond = dbus_condvar_new ();
+  if (message_returned_cond == NULL)
+    goto error;
+  
+  dispatch_cond = dbus_condvar_new ();
+  if (dispatch_cond == NULL)
+    goto error;
+  
+  io_path_cond = dbus_condvar_new ();
+  if (io_path_cond == NULL)
+    goto error;
+
+  disconnect_message = dbus_message_new_signal (DBUS_PATH_ORG_FREEDESKTOP_LOCAL,
+                                                DBUS_INTERFACE_ORG_FREEDESKTOP_LOCAL,
+                                                "Disconnected");
+  
+  if (disconnect_message == NULL)
+    goto error;
+
+  disconnect_link = _dbus_list_alloc_link (disconnect_message);
+  if (disconnect_link == NULL)
+    goto error;
+
+  outgoing_counter = _dbus_counter_new ();
+  if (outgoing_counter == NULL)
+    goto error;
+
+  objects = _dbus_object_tree_new (connection);
+  if (objects == NULL)
+    goto error;
+  
+  if (_dbus_modify_sigpipe)
+    _dbus_disable_sigpipe ();
   
-  connection->refcount = 1;
+  connection->refcount.value = 1;
+  connection->mutex = mutex;
+  connection->dispatch_cond = dispatch_cond;
+  connection->io_path_cond = io_path_cond;
+  connection->message_returned_cond = message_returned_cond;
   connection->transport = transport;
   connection->watches = watch_list;
   connection->timeouts = timeout_list;
-  connection->handler_table = handler_table;
+  connection->pending_replies = pending_replies;
+  connection->outgoing_counter = outgoing_counter;
   connection->filter_list = NULL;
+  connection->last_dispatch_status = DBUS_DISPATCH_COMPLETE; /* so we're notified first time there's data */
+  connection->objects = objects;
+  connection->exit_on_disconnect = FALSE;
+  
+  _dbus_data_slot_list_init (&connection->slot_list);
 
-  connection->data_slots = NULL;
-  connection->n_slots = 0;
   connection->client_serial = 1;
-  connection->disconnect_notified = FALSE;
+
+  connection->disconnect_message_link = disconnect_link;
   
-  _dbus_transport_ref (transport);
-  _dbus_transport_set_connection (transport, connection);
+  if (!_dbus_transport_set_connection (transport, connection))
+    goto error;
+
+  _dbus_transport_ref (transport);  
   
   return connection;
   
  error:
-
-  if (connection != NULL)
+  if (disconnect_message != NULL)
+    dbus_message_unref (disconnect_message);
+  
+  if (disconnect_link != NULL)
+    _dbus_list_free_link (disconnect_link);
+  
+  if (io_path_cond != NULL)
+    dbus_condvar_free (io_path_cond);
+  
+  if (dispatch_cond != NULL)
+    dbus_condvar_free (dispatch_cond);
+  
+  if (message_returned_cond != NULL)
+    dbus_condvar_free (message_returned_cond);
+  
+  if (mutex != NULL)
+    dbus_mutex_free (mutex);
+
+  if (connection != NULL)
     dbus_free (connection);
 
-  if (handler_table)
-    _dbus_hash_table_unref (handler_table);
+  if (pending_replies)
+    _dbus_hash_table_unref (pending_replies);
   
   if (watch_list)
     _dbus_watch_list_free (watch_list);
 
   if (timeout_list)
     _dbus_timeout_list_free (timeout_list);
+
+  if (outgoing_counter)
+    _dbus_counter_unref (outgoing_counter);
+
+  if (objects)
+    _dbus_object_tree_unref (objects);
   
   return NULL;
 }
 
-static dbus_int32_t
-_dbus_connection_get_next_client_serial (DBusConnection *connection)
+/**
+ * Increments the reference count of a DBusConnection.
+ * Requires that the caller already holds the connection lock.
+ *
+ * @param connection the connection.
+ * @returns the connection.
+ */
+DBusConnection *
+_dbus_connection_ref_unlocked (DBusConnection *connection)
 {
-  int serial;
+#ifdef DBUS_HAVE_ATOMIC_INT
+  _dbus_atomic_inc (&connection->refcount);
+#else
+  _dbus_assert (connection->refcount.value > 0);
+  connection->refcount.value += 1;
+#endif
 
-  serial = connection->client_serial++;
-
-  if (connection->client_serial < 0)
-    connection->client_serial = 1;
-  
-  return serial;
+  return connection;
 }
 
 /**
- * Used to notify a connection when a DBusMessageHandler is
- * destroyed, so the connection can drop any reference
- * to the handler.
+ * Decrements the reference count of a DBusConnection.
+ * Requires that the caller already holds the connection lock.
  *
- * @param connection the connection
- * @param handler the handler
+ * @param connection the connection.
  */
 void
-_dbus_connection_handler_destroyed (DBusConnection     *connection,
-                                    DBusMessageHandler *handler)
+_dbus_connection_unref_unlocked (DBusConnection *connection)
 {
-  DBusHashIter iter;
-  DBusList *link;
+  dbus_bool_t last_unref;
 
-  _dbus_hash_iter_init (connection->handler_table, &iter);
-  while (_dbus_hash_iter_next (&iter))
-    {
-      DBusMessageHandler *h = _dbus_hash_iter_get_value (&iter);
+  _dbus_return_if_fail (connection != NULL);
 
-      if (h == handler)
-        _dbus_hash_iter_remove_entry (&iter);
-    }
+  /* The connection lock is better than the global
+   * lock in the atomic increment fallback
+   */
+  
+#ifdef DBUS_HAVE_ATOMIC_INT
+  last_unref = (_dbus_atomic_dec (&connection->refcount) == 1);
+#else  
+  _dbus_assert (connection->refcount.value > 0);
+
+  connection->refcount.value -= 1;
+  last_unref = (connection->refcount.value == 0);
+#if 0
+  printf ("unref_unlocked() connection %p count = %d\n", connection, connection->refcount.value);
+#endif
+#endif
+  
+  if (last_unref)
+    _dbus_connection_last_unref (connection);
+}
 
-  link = _dbus_list_get_first_link (&connection->filter_list);
-  while (link != NULL)
-    {
-      DBusMessageHandler *h = link->data;
-      DBusList *next = _dbus_list_get_next_link (&connection->filter_list, link);
+static dbus_uint32_t
+_dbus_connection_get_next_client_serial (DBusConnection *connection)
+{
+  int serial;
 
-      if (h == handler)
-        _dbus_list_remove_link (&connection->filter_list,
-                                link);
-      
-      link = next;
-    }
+  serial = connection->client_serial++;
+
+  if (connection->client_serial < 0)
+    connection->client_serial = 1;
+  
+  return serial;
 }
 
 /**
- * Adds the counter used to count the number of open connections.
- * Increments the counter by one, and saves it to be decremented
- * again when this connection is finalized.
+ * A callback for use with dbus_watch_new() to create a DBusWatch.
+ * 
+ * @todo This is basically a hack - we could delete _dbus_transport_handle_watch()
+ * and the virtual handle_watch in DBusTransport if we got rid of it.
+ * The reason this is some work is threading, see the _dbus_connection_handle_watch()
+ * implementation.
  *
- * @param connection a #DBusConnection
- * @param counter counter that tracks number of connections
+ * @param watch the watch.
+ * @param condition the current condition of the file descriptors being watched.
+ * @param data must be a pointer to a #DBusConnection
+ * @returns #FALSE if the IO condition may not have been fully handled due to lack of memory
  */
-void
-_dbus_connection_set_connection_counter (DBusConnection *connection,
-                                         DBusCounter    *counter)
+dbus_bool_t
+_dbus_connection_handle_watch (DBusWatch                   *watch,
+                               unsigned int                 condition,
+                               void                        *data)
 {
-  _dbus_assert (connection->connection_counter == NULL);
+  DBusConnection *connection;
+  dbus_bool_t retval;
+  DBusDispatchStatus status;
+
+  connection = data;
   
-  connection->connection_counter = counter;
-  _dbus_counter_ref (connection->connection_counter);
-  _dbus_counter_adjust (connection->connection_counter, 1);
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+  _dbus_connection_acquire_io_path (connection, -1);
+  retval = _dbus_transport_handle_watch (connection->transport,
+                                         watch, condition);
+  _dbus_connection_release_io_path (connection);
+
+  status = _dbus_connection_get_dispatch_status_unlocked (connection);
+
+  /* this calls out to user code */
+  _dbus_connection_update_dispatch_status_and_unlock (connection, status);
+  
+  return retval;
 }
 
 /** @} */
@@ -446,19 +1085,25 @@ _dbus_connection_set_connection_counter (DBusConnection *connection,
  * in the reason for failure.
  * 
  * @param address the address.
- * @param result address where a result code can be returned.
+ * @param error address where an error can be returned.
  * @returns new connection, or #NULL on failure.
  */
 DBusConnection*
 dbus_connection_open (const char     *address,
-                      DBusResultCode *result)
+                      DBusError      *error)
 {
   DBusConnection *connection;
   DBusTransport *transport;
+
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (address != NULL, NULL);
+  _dbus_return_val_if_error_is_set (error, NULL);
   
-  transport = _dbus_transport_open (address, result);
+  transport = _dbus_transport_open (address, error);
   if (transport == NULL)
-    return NULL;
+    {
+      _DBUS_ASSERT_ERROR_IS_SET (error);
+      return NULL;
+    }
   
   connection = _dbus_connection_new_for_transport (transport);
 
@@ -466,7 +1111,7 @@ dbus_connection_open (const char     *address,
   
   if (connection == NULL)
     {
-      dbus_set_result (result, DBUS_RESULT_NO_MEMORY);
+      dbus_set_error (error, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY, NULL);
       return NULL;
     }
   
@@ -477,93 +1122,172 @@ dbus_connection_open (const char     *address,
  * Increments the reference count of a DBusConnection.
  *
  * @param connection the connection.
+ * @returns the connection.
  */
-void
+DBusConnection *
 dbus_connection_ref (DBusConnection *connection)
 {
-  connection->refcount += 1;
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (connection != NULL, NULL);
+
+  /* The connection lock is better than the global
+   * lock in the atomic increment fallback
+   */
+  
+#ifdef DBUS_HAVE_ATOMIC_INT
+  _dbus_atomic_inc (&connection->refcount);
+#else
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+  _dbus_assert (connection->refcount.value > 0);
+
+  connection->refcount.value += 1;
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
+#endif
+
+  return connection;
+}
+
+static void
+free_outgoing_message (void *element,
+                       void *data)
+{
+  DBusMessage *message = element;
+  DBusConnection *connection = data;
+
+  _dbus_message_remove_size_counter (message,
+                                     connection->outgoing_counter,
+                                     NULL);
+  dbus_message_unref (message);
+}
+
+/* This is run without the mutex held, but after the last reference
+ * to the connection has been dropped we should have no thread-related
+ * problems
+ */
+static void
+_dbus_connection_last_unref (DBusConnection *connection)
+{
+  DBusList *link;
+
+  _dbus_verbose ("Finalizing connection %p\n", connection);
+  
+  _dbus_assert (connection->refcount.value == 0);
+  
+  /* You have to disconnect the connection before unref:ing it. Otherwise
+   * you won't get the disconnected message.
+   */
+  _dbus_assert (!_dbus_transport_get_is_connected (connection->transport));
+
+  /* ---- We're going to call various application callbacks here, hope it doesn't break anything... */
+  _dbus_object_tree_free_all_unlocked (connection->objects);
+  
+  dbus_connection_set_dispatch_status_function (connection, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+  dbus_connection_set_wakeup_main_function (connection, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+  dbus_connection_set_unix_user_function (connection, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+  
+  _dbus_watch_list_free (connection->watches);
+  connection->watches = NULL;
+  
+  _dbus_timeout_list_free (connection->timeouts);
+  connection->timeouts = NULL;
+
+  _dbus_data_slot_list_free (&connection->slot_list);
+  
+  link = _dbus_list_get_first_link (&connection->filter_list);
+  while (link != NULL)
+    {
+      DBusMessageFilter *filter = link->data;
+      DBusList *next = _dbus_list_get_next_link (&connection->filter_list, link);
+
+      filter->function = NULL;
+      _dbus_message_filter_unref (filter); /* calls app callback */
+      link->data = NULL;
+      
+      link = next;
+    }
+  _dbus_list_clear (&connection->filter_list);
+  
+  /* ---- Done with stuff that invokes application callbacks */
+
+  _dbus_object_tree_unref (connection->objects);  
+
+  _dbus_hash_table_unref (connection->pending_replies);
+  connection->pending_replies = NULL;
+  
+  _dbus_list_clear (&connection->filter_list);
+  
+  _dbus_list_foreach (&connection->outgoing_messages,
+                      free_outgoing_message,
+                     connection);
+  _dbus_list_clear (&connection->outgoing_messages);
+  
+  _dbus_list_foreach (&connection->incoming_messages,
+                     (DBusForeachFunction) dbus_message_unref,
+                     NULL);
+  _dbus_list_clear (&connection->incoming_messages);
+
+  _dbus_counter_unref (connection->outgoing_counter);
+  
+  _dbus_transport_unref (connection->transport);
+
+  if (connection->disconnect_message_link)
+    {
+      DBusMessage *message = connection->disconnect_message_link->data;
+      dbus_message_unref (message);
+      _dbus_list_free_link (connection->disconnect_message_link);
+    }
+
+  _dbus_list_clear (&connection->link_cache);
+  
+  dbus_condvar_free (connection->dispatch_cond);
+  dbus_condvar_free (connection->io_path_cond);
+  dbus_condvar_free (connection->message_returned_cond);  
+  
+  dbus_mutex_free (connection->mutex);
+  
+  dbus_free (connection);
 }
 
 /**
  * Decrements the reference count of a DBusConnection, and finalizes
- * it if the count reaches zero.  If a connection is still connected
- * when it's finalized, it will be disconnected (that is, associated
- * file handles will be closed).
+ * it if the count reaches zero.  It is a bug to drop the last reference
+ * to a connection that has not been disconnected.
+ *
+ * @todo in practice it can be quite tricky to never unref a connection
+ * that's still connected; maybe there's some way we could avoid
+ * the requirement.
  *
  * @param connection the connection.
  */
 void
 dbus_connection_unref (DBusConnection *connection)
 {
-  _dbus_assert (connection != NULL);
-  _dbus_assert (connection->refcount > 0);
-  
-  connection->refcount -= 1;
-  if (connection->refcount == 0)
-    {
-      DBusHashIter iter;
-      DBusList *link;
-
-      dbus_connection_disconnect (connection);
-      
-      /* free disconnect data as a side effect */
-      dbus_connection_set_disconnect_function (connection,
-                                               NULL, NULL, NULL);
+  dbus_bool_t last_unref;
 
-      if (connection->connection_counter != NULL)
-        {
-          /* subtract ourselves from the counter */
-          _dbus_counter_adjust (connection->connection_counter, - 1);
-          _dbus_counter_unref (connection->connection_counter);
-          connection->connection_counter = NULL;
-        }
-      
-      _dbus_watch_list_free (connection->watches);
-      connection->watches = NULL;
+  _dbus_return_if_fail (connection != NULL);
 
-      _dbus_timeout_list_free (connection->timeouts);
-      connection->timeouts = NULL;
-      
-      _dbus_connection_free_data_slots (connection);
-      
-      _dbus_hash_iter_init (connection->handler_table, &iter);
-      while (_dbus_hash_iter_next (&iter))
-        {
-          DBusMessageHandler *h = _dbus_hash_iter_get_value (&iter);
-          
-          _dbus_message_handler_remove_connection (h, connection);
-        }
+  /* The connection lock is better than the global
+   * lock in the atomic increment fallback
+   */
+  
+#ifdef DBUS_HAVE_ATOMIC_INT
+  last_unref = (_dbus_atomic_dec (&connection->refcount) == 1);
+#else
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+  
+  _dbus_assert (connection->refcount.value > 0);
 
-      link = _dbus_list_get_first_link (&connection->filter_list);
-      while (link != NULL)
-        {
-          DBusMessageHandler *h = link->data;
-          DBusList *next = _dbus_list_get_next_link (&connection->filter_list, link);
-          
-          _dbus_message_handler_remove_connection (h, connection);
-          
-          link = next;
-        }
-      
-      _dbus_hash_table_unref (connection->handler_table);
-      connection->handler_table = NULL;
+  connection->refcount.value -= 1;
+  last_unref = (connection->refcount.value == 0);
 
-      _dbus_list_clear (&connection->filter_list);
-      
-      _dbus_list_foreach (&connection->outgoing_messages,
-                          (DBusForeachFunction) dbus_message_unref,
-                          NULL);
-      _dbus_list_clear (&connection->outgoing_messages);
-
-      _dbus_list_foreach (&connection->incoming_messages,
-                          (DBusForeachFunction) dbus_message_unref,
-                          NULL);
-      _dbus_list_clear (&connection->incoming_messages);
-      
-      _dbus_transport_unref (connection->transport);
-      
-      dbus_free (connection);
-    }
+#if 0
+  printf ("unref() connection %p count = %d\n", connection, connection->refcount.value);
+#endif
+  
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
+#endif
+  
+  if (last_unref)
+    _dbus_connection_last_unref (connection);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -572,14 +1296,33 @@ dbus_connection_unref (DBusConnection *connection)
  * function does not affect the connection's reference count.  It's
  * safe to disconnect a connection more than once; all calls after the
  * first do nothing. It's impossible to "reconnect" a connection, a
- * new connection must be created.
+ * new connection must be created. This function may result in a call
+ * to the DBusDispatchStatusFunction set with
+ * dbus_connection_set_dispatch_status_function(), as the disconnect
+ * message it generates needs to be dispatched.
  *
  * @param connection the connection.
  */
 void
 dbus_connection_disconnect (DBusConnection *connection)
 {
+  DBusDispatchStatus status;
+  
+  _dbus_return_if_fail (connection != NULL);
+  
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
   _dbus_transport_disconnect (connection->transport);
+  
+  status = _dbus_connection_get_dispatch_status_unlocked (connection);
+
+  /* this calls out to user code */
+  _dbus_connection_update_dispatch_status_and_unlock (connection, status);
+}
+
+static dbus_bool_t
+_dbus_connection_get_is_connected_unlocked (DBusConnection *connection)
+{
+  return _dbus_transport_get_is_connected (connection->transport);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -595,7 +1338,15 @@ dbus_connection_disconnect (DBusConnection *connection)
 dbus_bool_t
 dbus_connection_get_is_connected (DBusConnection *connection)
 {
-  return _dbus_transport_get_is_connected (connection->transport);
+  dbus_bool_t res;
+
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (connection != NULL, FALSE);
+  
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+  res = _dbus_connection_get_is_connected_unlocked (connection);
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
+  
+  return res;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -609,190 +1360,674 @@ dbus_connection_get_is_connected (DBusConnection *connection)
 dbus_bool_t
 dbus_connection_get_is_authenticated (DBusConnection *connection)
 {
-  return _dbus_transport_get_is_authenticated (connection->transport);
+  dbus_bool_t res;
+
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (connection != NULL, FALSE);
+  
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+  res = _dbus_transport_get_is_authenticated (connection->transport);
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
+  
+  return res;
 }
 
 /**
- * Adds a message to the outgoing message queue. Does not block to
- * write the message to the network; that happens asynchronously. to
- * force the message to be written, call dbus_connection_flush().
+ * Set whether _exit() should be called when the connection receives a
+ * disconnect signal. The call to _exit() comes after any handlers for
+ * the disconnect signal run; handlers can cancel the exit by calling
+ * this function.
  *
- * If the function fails, it returns #FALSE and returns the
- * reason for failure via the result parameter.
- * The result parameter can be #NULL if you aren't interested
- * in the reason for the failure.
- * 
- * @param connection the connection.
- * @param message the message to write.
- * @param client_serial return location for client serial.
- * @param result address where result code can be placed.
- * @returns #TRUE on success.
+ * By default, exit_on_disconnect is #FALSE; but for message bus
+ * connections returned from dbus_bus_get() it will be toggled on
+ * by default.
+ *
+ * @param connection the connection
+ * @param exit_on_disconnect #TRUE if _exit() should be called after a disconnect signal
  */
-dbus_bool_t
-dbus_connection_send_message (DBusConnection *connection,
-                              DBusMessage    *message,
-                             dbus_int32_t   *client_serial,                          
-                              DBusResultCode *result)
+void
+dbus_connection_set_exit_on_disconnect (DBusConnection *connection,
+                                        dbus_bool_t     exit_on_disconnect)
+{
+  _dbus_return_if_fail (connection != NULL);
 
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+  connection->exit_on_disconnect = exit_on_disconnect != FALSE;
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
+}
+
+static DBusPreallocatedSend*
+_dbus_connection_preallocate_send_unlocked (DBusConnection *connection)
 {
-  dbus_int32_t serial;
+  DBusPreallocatedSend *preallocated;
+
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (connection != NULL, NULL);
+  
+  preallocated = dbus_new (DBusPreallocatedSend, 1);
+  if (preallocated == NULL)
+    return NULL;
+
+  if (connection->link_cache != NULL)
+    {
+      preallocated->queue_link =
+        _dbus_list_pop_first_link (&connection->link_cache);
+      preallocated->queue_link->data = NULL;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      preallocated->queue_link = _dbus_list_alloc_link (NULL);
+      if (preallocated->queue_link == NULL)
+        goto failed_0;
+    }
   
-  if (!_dbus_list_prepend (&connection->outgoing_messages,
-                           message))
+  if (connection->link_cache != NULL)
     {
-      dbus_set_result (result, DBUS_RESULT_NO_MEMORY);
-      return FALSE;
+      preallocated->counter_link =
+        _dbus_list_pop_first_link (&connection->link_cache);
+      preallocated->counter_link->data = connection->outgoing_counter;
     }
-
-  dbus_message_ref (message);
-  connection->n_outgoing += 1;
-
-  _dbus_verbose ("Message %p added to outgoing queue, %d pending to send\n",
-                 message, connection->n_outgoing);
-
-  if (_dbus_message_get_client_serial (message) == -1)
+  else
     {
-      serial = _dbus_connection_get_next_client_serial (connection);
-      _dbus_message_set_client_serial (message, serial);
+      preallocated->counter_link = _dbus_list_alloc_link (connection->outgoing_counter);
+      if (preallocated->counter_link == NULL)
+        goto failed_1;
     }
+
+  _dbus_counter_ref (preallocated->counter_link->data);
+
+  preallocated->connection = connection;
   
-  if (client_serial)
-    *client_serial = serial;
+  return preallocated;
   
-  _dbus_message_lock (message);
+ failed_1:
+  _dbus_list_free_link (preallocated->queue_link);
+ failed_0:
+  dbus_free (preallocated);
   
-  if (connection->n_outgoing == 1)
-    _dbus_transport_messages_pending (connection->transport,
-                                      connection->n_outgoing);
-
-  return TRUE;
+  return NULL;
 }
 
 /**
- * Queues a message to send, as with dbus_connection_send_message(),
- * but also sets up a DBusMessageHandler to receive a reply to the
- * message. If no reply is received in the given timeout_milliseconds,
- * expires the pending reply and sends the DBusMessageHandler a
- * synthetic error reply (generated in-process, not by the remote
- * application) indicating that a timeout occurred.
- *
- * Reply handlers see their replies after message filters see them,
- * but before message handlers added with
- * dbus_connection_register_handler() see them, regardless of the
- * reply message's name. Reply handlers are only handed a single
- * message as a reply, after a reply has been seen the handler is
- * removed. If a filter filters out the reply before the handler sees
- * it, the handler is not removed but the timeout will immediately
- * fire again. If a filter was dumb and kept removing the timeout
- * reply then we'd get in an infinite loop.
- * 
- * If #NULL is passed for the reply_handler, the timeout reply will
- * still be generated and placed into the message queue, but no
- * specific message handler will receive the reply.
- *
- * If -1 is passed for the timeout, a sane default timeout is used. -1
- * is typically the best value for the timeout for this reason, unless
- * you want a very short or very long timeout.  There is no way to
- * avoid a timeout entirely, other than passing INT_MAX for the
- * timeout to postpone it indefinitely.
- * 
- * @param connection the connection
- * @param message the message to send
- * @param reply_handler message handler expecting the reply, or #NULL
- * @param timeout_milliseconds timeout in milliseconds or -1 for default
- * @param result return location for result code
- * @returns #TRUE if the message is successfully queued, #FALSE if no memory.
- *
- * @todo this function isn't implemented because we need message serials
- * and other slightly more rich DBusMessage implementation in order to
- * implement it. The basic idea will be to keep a hash of serials we're
- * expecting a reply to, and also to add a way to tell GLib or Qt to
- * install a timeout. Then install a timeout which is the shortest
- * timeout of any pending reply.
+ * Preallocates resources needed to send a message, allowing the message 
+ * to be sent without the possibility of memory allocation failure.
+ * Allows apps to create a future guarantee that they can send
+ * a message regardless of memory shortages.
  *
+ * @param connection the connection we're preallocating for.
+ * @returns the preallocated resources, or #NULL
  */
-dbus_bool_t
-dbus_connection_send_message_with_reply (DBusConnection     *connection,
-                                         DBusMessage        *message,
-                                         DBusMessageHandler *reply_handler,
-                                         int                 timeout_milliseconds,
-                                         DBusResultCode     *result)
+DBusPreallocatedSend*
+dbus_connection_preallocate_send (DBusConnection *connection)
 {
-  /* FIXME */
-  return dbus_connection_send_message (connection, message, NULL, result);
+  DBusPreallocatedSend *preallocated;
+
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (connection != NULL, NULL);
+
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+  
+  preallocated =
+    _dbus_connection_preallocate_send_unlocked (connection);
+
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
+
+  return preallocated;
 }
 
 /**
- * Sends a message and blocks a certain time period while waiting for a reply.
- * This function does not dispatch any message handlers until the main loop
- * has been reached. This function is used to do non-reentrant "method calls."
- * If a reply is received, it is returned, and removed from the incoming
- * message queue. If it is not received, #NULL is returned and the
- * result is set to #DBUS_RESULT_NO_REPLY. If something else goes
- * wrong, result is set to whatever is appropriate, such as
- * #DBUS_RESULT_NO_MEMORY.
- *
- * @todo I believe if we get EINTR or otherwise interrupt the
- * do_iteration call in here, we won't block the required length of
- * time. I think there probably has to be a loop: "while (!timeout_elapsed)
- * { check_for_reply_in_queue(); iterate_with_remaining_timeout(); }"
+ * Frees preallocated message-sending resources from
+ * dbus_connection_preallocate_send(). Should only
+ * be called if the preallocated resources are not used
+ * to send a message.
  *
  * @param connection the connection
- * @param message the message to send
- * @param timeout_milliseconds timeout in milliseconds or -1 for default
- * @param result return location for result code
- * @returns the message that is the reply or #NULL with an error code if the
- * function fails.
+ * @param preallocated the resources
  */
-DBusMessage *
-dbus_connection_send_message_with_reply_and_block (DBusConnection     *connection,
-                                                  DBusMessage        *message,
-                                                  int                 timeout_milliseconds,
-                                                  DBusResultCode     *result)
+void
+dbus_connection_free_preallocated_send (DBusConnection       *connection,
+                                        DBusPreallocatedSend *preallocated)
 {
-  dbus_int32_t client_serial;
-  DBusList *link;
-
-  if (timeout_milliseconds == -1)
-    timeout_milliseconds = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_VALUE;
-  
-  if (!dbus_connection_send_message (connection, message, &client_serial, result))
-    return NULL;
-
-  /* Flush message queue */
-  dbus_connection_flush (connection);
-  
-  /* Now we wait... */
-  _dbus_connection_do_iteration (connection,
-                                DBUS_ITERATION_DO_READING |
-                                DBUS_ITERATION_BLOCK,
-                                timeout_milliseconds);
-
-  /* Check if we've gotten a reply */
-  link = _dbus_list_get_first_link (&connection->incoming_messages);
+  _dbus_return_if_fail (connection != NULL);
+  _dbus_return_if_fail (preallocated != NULL);  
+  _dbus_return_if_fail (connection == preallocated->connection);
+
+  _dbus_list_free_link (preallocated->queue_link);
+  _dbus_counter_unref (preallocated->counter_link->data);
+  _dbus_list_free_link (preallocated->counter_link);
+  dbus_free (preallocated);
+}
 
-  while (link != NULL)
-    {
-      DBusMessage *reply = link->data;
+static void
+_dbus_connection_send_preallocated_unlocked (DBusConnection       *connection,
+                                             DBusPreallocatedSend *preallocated,
+                                             DBusMessage          *message,
+                                             dbus_uint32_t        *client_serial)
+{
+  dbus_uint32_t serial;
 
-      if (_dbus_message_get_reply_serial (reply) == client_serial)
-       {
-         _dbus_list_remove (&connection->incoming_messages, link);
-         dbus_message_ref (message);
+  preallocated->queue_link->data = message;
+  _dbus_list_prepend_link (&connection->outgoing_messages,
+                           preallocated->queue_link);
 
-         if (result)
-           *result = DBUS_RESULT_SUCCESS;
-         
-         return reply;
-       }
-      link = _dbus_list_get_next_link (&connection->incoming_messages, link);
-    }
+  _dbus_message_add_size_counter_link (message,
+                                       preallocated->counter_link);
 
-  if (result)
-    *result = DBUS_RESULT_NO_REPLY;
+  dbus_free (preallocated);
+  preallocated = NULL;
   
-  return NULL;
-}
+  dbus_message_ref (message);
+  
+  connection->n_outgoing += 1;
+
+  _dbus_verbose ("Message %p (%d %s '%s') added to outgoing queue %p, %d pending to send\n",
+                 message,
+                 dbus_message_get_type (message),
+                 dbus_message_get_interface (message) ?
+                 dbus_message_get_interface (message) :
+                 "no interface",
+                 dbus_message_get_signature (message),
+                 connection,
+                 connection->n_outgoing);
+
+  if (dbus_message_get_serial (message) == 0)
+    {
+      serial = _dbus_connection_get_next_client_serial (connection);
+      _dbus_message_set_serial (message, serial);
+      if (client_serial)
+        *client_serial = serial;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      if (client_serial)
+        *client_serial = dbus_message_get_serial (message);
+    }
+  
+  _dbus_message_lock (message);
+
+  if (connection->n_outgoing == 1)
+    _dbus_transport_messages_pending (connection->transport,
+                                     connection->n_outgoing);
+  
+  _dbus_connection_wakeup_mainloop (connection);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sends a message using preallocated resources. This function cannot fail.
+ * It works identically to dbus_connection_send() in other respects.
+ * Preallocated resources comes from dbus_connection_preallocate_send().
+ * This function "consumes" the preallocated resources, they need not
+ * be freed separately.
+ *
+ * @param connection the connection
+ * @param preallocated the preallocated resources
+ * @param message the message to send
+ * @param client_serial return location for client serial assigned to the message
+ */
+void
+dbus_connection_send_preallocated (DBusConnection       *connection,
+                                   DBusPreallocatedSend *preallocated,
+                                   DBusMessage          *message,
+                                   dbus_uint32_t        *client_serial)
+{
+  _dbus_return_if_fail (connection != NULL);
+  _dbus_return_if_fail (preallocated != NULL);
+  _dbus_return_if_fail (message != NULL);
+  _dbus_return_if_fail (preallocated->connection == connection);
+  _dbus_return_if_fail (dbus_message_get_type (message) != DBUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_CALL ||
+                        (dbus_message_get_interface (message) != NULL &&
+                         dbus_message_get_member (message) != NULL));
+  _dbus_return_if_fail (dbus_message_get_type (message) != DBUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_SIGNAL ||
+                        (dbus_message_get_interface (message) != NULL &&
+                         dbus_message_get_member (message) != NULL));
+  
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+  _dbus_connection_send_preallocated_unlocked (connection,
+                                               preallocated,
+                                               message, client_serial);
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);  
+}
+
+static dbus_bool_t
+_dbus_connection_send_unlocked (DBusConnection *connection,
+                                DBusMessage    *message,
+                                dbus_uint32_t  *client_serial)
+{
+  DBusPreallocatedSend *preallocated;
+
+  _dbus_assert (connection != NULL);
+  _dbus_assert (message != NULL);
+  
+  preallocated = _dbus_connection_preallocate_send_unlocked (connection);
+  if (preallocated == NULL)
+    return FALSE;
+
+
+  _dbus_connection_send_preallocated_unlocked (connection,
+                                               preallocated,
+                                               message,
+                                               client_serial);
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Adds a message to the outgoing message queue. Does not block to
+ * write the message to the network; that happens asynchronously. To
+ * force the message to be written, call dbus_connection_flush().
+ * Because this only queues the message, the only reason it can
+ * fail is lack of memory. Even if the connection is disconnected,
+ * no error will be returned.
+ *
+ * If the function fails due to lack of memory, it returns #FALSE.
+ * The function will never fail for other reasons; even if the
+ * connection is disconnected, you can queue an outgoing message,
+ * though obviously it won't be sent.
+ * 
+ * @param connection the connection.
+ * @param message the message to write.
+ * @param client_serial return location for client serial.
+ * @returns #TRUE on success.
+ */
+dbus_bool_t
+dbus_connection_send (DBusConnection *connection,
+                      DBusMessage    *message,
+                      dbus_uint32_t  *client_serial)
+{
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (connection != NULL, FALSE);
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (message != NULL, FALSE);
+
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+
+  if (!_dbus_connection_send_unlocked (connection, message, client_serial))
+    {
+      CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
+      return FALSE;
+    }
+
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+static dbus_bool_t
+reply_handler_timeout (void *data)
+{
+  DBusConnection *connection;
+  DBusDispatchStatus status;
+  DBusPendingCall *pending = data;
+
+  connection = pending->connection;
+  
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+  if (pending->timeout_link)
+    {
+      _dbus_connection_queue_synthesized_message_link (connection,
+                                                      pending->timeout_link);
+      pending->timeout_link = NULL;
+    }
+
+  _dbus_connection_remove_timeout (connection,
+                                  pending->timeout);
+  pending->timeout_added = FALSE;
+
+  status = _dbus_connection_get_dispatch_status_unlocked (connection);
+
+  /* Unlocks, and calls out to user code */
+  _dbus_connection_update_dispatch_status_and_unlock (connection, status);
+  
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Queues a message to send, as with dbus_connection_send_message(),
+ * but also returns a #DBusPendingCall used to receive a reply to the
+ * message. If no reply is received in the given timeout_milliseconds,
+ * this function expires the pending reply and generates a synthetic
+ * error reply (generated in-process, not by the remote application)
+ * indicating that a timeout occurred.
+ *
+ * A #DBusPendingCall will see a reply message after any filters, but
+ * before any object instances or other handlers. A #DBusPendingCall
+ * will always see exactly one reply message, unless it's cancelled
+ * with dbus_pending_call_cancel().
+ * 
+ * If a filter filters out the reply before the handler sees it, the
+ * reply is immediately timed out and a timeout error reply is
+ * generated. If a filter removes the timeout error reply then the
+ * #DBusPendingCall will get confused. Filtering the timeout error
+ * is thus considered a bug and will print a warning.
+ * 
+ * If #NULL is passed for the pending_return, the #DBusPendingCall
+ * will still be generated internally, and used to track
+ * the message reply timeout. This means a timeout error will
+ * occur if no reply arrives, unlike with dbus_connection_send().
+ *
+ * If -1 is passed for the timeout, a sane default timeout is used. -1
+ * is typically the best value for the timeout for this reason, unless
+ * you want a very short or very long timeout.  There is no way to
+ * avoid a timeout entirely, other than passing INT_MAX for the
+ * timeout to postpone it indefinitely.
+ * 
+ * @param connection the connection
+ * @param message the message to send
+ * @param pending_return return location for a #DBusPendingCall object, or #NULL
+ * @param timeout_milliseconds timeout in milliseconds or -1 for default
+ * @returns #TRUE if the message is successfully queued, #FALSE if no memory.
+ *
+ */
+dbus_bool_t
+dbus_connection_send_with_reply (DBusConnection     *connection,
+                                 DBusMessage        *message,
+                                 DBusPendingCall   **pending_return,
+                                 int                 timeout_milliseconds)
+{
+  DBusPendingCall *pending;
+  DBusMessage *reply;
+  DBusList *reply_link;
+  dbus_int32_t serial = -1;
+
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (connection != NULL, FALSE);
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (message != NULL, FALSE);
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (timeout_milliseconds >= 0 || timeout_milliseconds == -1, FALSE);
+
+  if (pending_return)
+    *pending_return = NULL;
+  
+  pending = _dbus_pending_call_new (connection,
+                                    timeout_milliseconds,
+                                    reply_handler_timeout);
+
+  if (pending == NULL)
+    return FALSE;
+
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+  
+  /* Assign a serial to the message */
+  if (dbus_message_get_serial (message) == 0)
+    {
+      serial = _dbus_connection_get_next_client_serial (connection);
+      _dbus_message_set_serial (message, serial);
+    }
+
+  pending->reply_serial = serial;
+
+  reply = dbus_message_new_error (message, DBUS_ERROR_NO_REPLY,
+                                  "No reply within specified time");
+  if (!reply)
+    {
+      CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
+      dbus_pending_call_unref (pending);
+      return FALSE;
+    }
+
+  reply_link = _dbus_list_alloc_link (reply);
+  if (!reply)
+    {
+      CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
+      dbus_message_unref (reply);
+      dbus_pending_call_unref (pending);
+      return FALSE;
+    }
+
+  pending->timeout_link = reply_link;
+
+  /* Insert the serial in the pending replies hash;
+   * hash takes a refcount on DBusPendingCall.
+   * Also, add the timeout.
+   */
+  if (!_dbus_connection_attach_pending_call_unlocked (connection,
+                                                      pending))
+    {
+      CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
+      dbus_pending_call_unref (pending);
+      return FALSE;
+    }
+  
+  if (!_dbus_connection_send_unlocked (connection, message, NULL))
+    {
+      _dbus_connection_detach_pending_call_and_unlock (connection,
+                                                       pending);
+      return FALSE;
+    }
+
+  if (pending_return)
+    {
+      dbus_pending_call_ref (pending);
+      *pending_return = pending;
+    }
+
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
+  
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+static DBusMessage*
+check_for_reply_unlocked (DBusConnection *connection,
+                          dbus_uint32_t   client_serial)
+{
+  DBusList *link;
+  
+  link = _dbus_list_get_first_link (&connection->incoming_messages);
+
+  while (link != NULL)
+    {
+      DBusMessage *reply = link->data;
+
+      if (dbus_message_get_reply_serial (reply) == client_serial)
+       {
+         _dbus_list_remove_link (&connection->incoming_messages, link);
+         connection->n_incoming  -= 1;
+         dbus_message_ref (reply);
+         return reply;
+       }
+      link = _dbus_list_get_next_link (&connection->incoming_messages, link);
+    }
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Blocks a certain time period while waiting for a reply.
+ * If no reply arrives, returns #NULL.
+ *
+ * @todo could use performance improvements (it keeps scanning
+ * the whole message queue for example) and has thread issues,
+ * see comments in source
+ *
+ * Does not re-enter the main loop or run filter/path-registered
+ * callbacks. The reply to the message will not be seen by
+ * filter callbacks.
+ *
+ * @param connection the connection
+ * @param client_serial the reply serial to wait for
+ * @param timeout_milliseconds timeout in milliseconds or -1 for default
+ * @returns the message that is the reply or #NULL if no reply
+ */
+DBusMessage*
+_dbus_connection_block_for_reply (DBusConnection     *connection,
+                                  dbus_uint32_t       client_serial,
+                                  int                 timeout_milliseconds)
+{
+  long start_tv_sec, start_tv_usec;
+  long end_tv_sec, end_tv_usec;
+  long tv_sec, tv_usec;
+  DBusDispatchStatus status;
+
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (connection != NULL, NULL);
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (client_serial != 0, NULL);
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (timeout_milliseconds >= 0 || timeout_milliseconds == -1, FALSE);
+  
+  if (timeout_milliseconds == -1)
+    timeout_milliseconds = _DBUS_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_VALUE;
+
+  /* it would probably seem logical to pass in _DBUS_INT_MAX
+   * for infinite timeout, but then math below would get
+   * all overflow-prone, so smack that down.
+   */
+  if (timeout_milliseconds > _DBUS_ONE_HOUR_IN_MILLISECONDS * 6)
+    timeout_milliseconds = _DBUS_ONE_HOUR_IN_MILLISECONDS * 6;
+  
+  /* Flush message queue */
+  dbus_connection_flush (connection);
+
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+
+  _dbus_get_current_time (&start_tv_sec, &start_tv_usec);
+  end_tv_sec = start_tv_sec + timeout_milliseconds / 1000;
+  end_tv_usec = start_tv_usec + (timeout_milliseconds % 1000) * 1000;
+  end_tv_sec += end_tv_usec / _DBUS_USEC_PER_SECOND;
+  end_tv_usec = end_tv_usec % _DBUS_USEC_PER_SECOND;
+
+  _dbus_verbose ("dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(): will block %d milliseconds for reply serial %u from %ld sec %ld usec to %ld sec %ld usec\n",
+                 timeout_milliseconds,
+                 client_serial,
+                 start_tv_sec, start_tv_usec,
+                 end_tv_sec, end_tv_usec);
+  
+  /* Now we wait... */
+  /* THREAD TODO: This is busted. What if a dispatch() or pop_message
+   * gets the message before we do?
+   */
+  /* always block at least once as we know we don't have the reply yet */
+  _dbus_connection_do_iteration (connection,
+                                 DBUS_ITERATION_DO_READING |
+                                 DBUS_ITERATION_BLOCK,
+                                 timeout_milliseconds);
+
+ recheck_status:
+
+  /* queue messages and get status */
+  status = _dbus_connection_get_dispatch_status_unlocked (connection);
+
+  if (status == DBUS_DISPATCH_DATA_REMAINS)
+    {
+      DBusMessage *reply;
+      
+      reply = check_for_reply_unlocked (connection, client_serial);
+      if (reply != NULL)
+        {          
+          status = _dbus_connection_get_dispatch_status_unlocked (connection);
+
+          _dbus_verbose ("dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(): got reply\n");
+
+          /* Unlocks, and calls out to user code */
+          _dbus_connection_update_dispatch_status_and_unlock (connection, status);
+          
+          return reply;
+        }
+    }
+  
+  _dbus_get_current_time (&tv_sec, &tv_usec);
+  
+  if (!_dbus_connection_get_is_connected_unlocked (connection))
+    return NULL;
+  else if (tv_sec < start_tv_sec)
+    _dbus_verbose ("dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(): clock set backward\n");
+  else if (connection->disconnect_message_link == NULL)
+    _dbus_verbose ("dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(): disconnected\n");
+  else if (tv_sec < end_tv_sec ||
+           (tv_sec == end_tv_sec && tv_usec < end_tv_usec))
+    {
+      timeout_milliseconds = (end_tv_sec - tv_sec) * 1000 +
+        (end_tv_usec - tv_usec) / 1000;
+      _dbus_verbose ("dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(): %d milliseconds remain\n", timeout_milliseconds);
+      _dbus_assert (timeout_milliseconds >= 0);
+      
+      if (status == DBUS_DISPATCH_NEED_MEMORY)
+        {
+          /* Try sleeping a bit, as we aren't sure we need to block for reading,
+           * we may already have a reply in the buffer and just can't process
+           * it.
+           */
+          _dbus_verbose ("dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block() waiting for more memory\n");
+          
+          if (timeout_milliseconds < 100)
+            ; /* just busy loop */
+          else if (timeout_milliseconds <= 1000)
+            _dbus_sleep_milliseconds (timeout_milliseconds / 3);
+          else
+            _dbus_sleep_milliseconds (1000);
+        }
+      else
+        {          
+          /* block again, we don't have the reply buffered yet. */
+          _dbus_connection_do_iteration (connection,
+                                         DBUS_ITERATION_DO_READING |
+                                         DBUS_ITERATION_BLOCK,
+                                         timeout_milliseconds);
+        }
+
+      goto recheck_status;
+    }
+
+  _dbus_verbose ("dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(): Waited %ld milliseconds and got no reply\n",
+                 (tv_sec - start_tv_sec) * 1000 + (tv_usec - start_tv_usec) / 1000);
+
+  /* unlocks and calls out to user code */
+  _dbus_connection_update_dispatch_status_and_unlock (connection, status);
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sends a message and blocks a certain time period while waiting for
+ * a reply.  This function does not reenter the main loop,
+ * i.e. messages other than the reply are queued up but not
+ * processed. This function is used to do non-reentrant "method
+ * calls."
+ * 
+ * If a normal reply is received, it is returned, and removed from the
+ * incoming message queue. If it is not received, #NULL is returned
+ * and the error is set to #DBUS_ERROR_NO_REPLY.  If an error reply is
+ * received, it is converted to a #DBusError and returned as an error,
+ * then the reply message is deleted. If something else goes wrong,
+ * result is set to whatever is appropriate, such as
+ * #DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY or #DBUS_ERROR_DISCONNECTED.
+ *
+ * @param connection the connection
+ * @param message the message to send
+ * @param timeout_milliseconds timeout in milliseconds or -1 for default
+ * @param error return location for error message
+ * @returns the message that is the reply or #NULL with an error code if the
+ * function fails.
+ */
+DBusMessage *
+dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block (DBusConnection     *connection,
+                                           DBusMessage        *message,
+                                           int                 timeout_milliseconds,
+                                           DBusError          *error)
+{
+  dbus_uint32_t client_serial;
+  DBusMessage *reply;
+  
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (connection != NULL, NULL);
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (message != NULL, NULL);
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (timeout_milliseconds >= 0 || timeout_milliseconds == -1, FALSE);  
+  _dbus_return_val_if_error_is_set (error, NULL);
+  
+  if (!dbus_connection_send (connection, message, &client_serial))
+    {
+      _DBUS_SET_OOM (error);
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+  reply = _dbus_connection_block_for_reply (connection,
+                                            client_serial,
+                                            timeout_milliseconds);
+  
+  if (reply == NULL)
+    {
+      if (dbus_connection_get_is_connected (connection))
+        dbus_set_error (error, DBUS_ERROR_NO_REPLY, "Message did not receive a reply");
+      else
+        dbus_set_error (error, DBUS_ERROR_DISCONNECTED, "Disconnected prior to receiving a reply");
+
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  else if (dbus_set_error_from_message (error, reply))
+    {
+      dbus_message_unref (reply);
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  else
+    return reply;
+}
 
 /**
  * Blocks until the outgoing message queue is empty.
@@ -802,37 +2037,226 @@ dbus_connection_send_message_with_reply_and_block (DBusConnection     *connectio
 void
 dbus_connection_flush (DBusConnection *connection)
 {
-  while (connection->n_outgoing > 0)
+  /* We have to specify DBUS_ITERATION_DO_READING here because
+   * otherwise we could have two apps deadlock if they are both doing
+   * a flush(), and the kernel buffers fill up. This could change the
+   * dispatch status.
+   */
+  DBusDispatchStatus status;
+
+  _dbus_return_if_fail (connection != NULL);
+  
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+  while (connection->n_outgoing > 0 &&
+         _dbus_connection_get_is_connected_unlocked (connection))
     _dbus_connection_do_iteration (connection,
+                                   DBUS_ITERATION_DO_READING |
                                    DBUS_ITERATION_DO_WRITING |
                                    DBUS_ITERATION_BLOCK,
                                    -1);
+
+  status = _dbus_connection_get_dispatch_status_unlocked (connection);
+
+  /* Unlocks and calls out to user code */
+  _dbus_connection_update_dispatch_status_and_unlock (connection, status);
 }
 
-/**
- * Gets the number of messages in the incoming message queue.
- *
- * @param connection the connection.
- * @returns the number of messages in the queue.
+/* Call with mutex held. Will drop it while waiting and re-acquire
+ * before returning
  */
-int
-dbus_connection_get_n_messages (DBusConnection *connection)
+static void
+_dbus_connection_wait_for_borrowed (DBusConnection *connection)
 {
-  return connection->n_incoming;
+  _dbus_assert (connection->message_borrowed != NULL);
+
+  while (connection->message_borrowed != NULL)
+    dbus_condvar_wait (connection->message_returned_cond, connection->mutex);
 }
 
 /**
  * Returns the first-received message from the incoming message queue,
- * leaving it in the queue. The caller does not own a reference to the
- * returned message. If the queue is empty, returns #NULL.
+ * leaving it in the queue. If the queue is empty, returns #NULL.
+ * 
+ * The caller does not own a reference to the returned message, and
+ * must either return it using dbus_connection_return_message() or
+ * keep it after calling dbus_connection_steal_borrowed_message(). No
+ * one can get at the message while its borrowed, so return it as
+ * quickly as possible and don't keep a reference to it after
+ * returning it. If you need to keep the message, make a copy of it.
  *
  * @param connection the connection.
  * @returns next message in the incoming queue.
  */
 DBusMessage*
-dbus_connection_peek_message  (DBusConnection *connection)
+dbus_connection_borrow_message  (DBusConnection *connection)
 {
-  return _dbus_list_get_first (&connection->incoming_messages);
+  DBusMessage *message;
+  DBusDispatchStatus status;
+
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (connection != NULL, NULL);
+  /* can't borrow during dispatch */
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (!connection->dispatch_acquired, NULL);
+  
+  /* this is called for the side effect that it queues
+   * up any messages from the transport
+   */
+  status = dbus_connection_get_dispatch_status (connection);
+  if (status != DBUS_DISPATCH_DATA_REMAINS)
+    return NULL;
+  
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+
+  if (connection->message_borrowed != NULL)
+    _dbus_connection_wait_for_borrowed (connection);
+  
+  message = _dbus_list_get_first (&connection->incoming_messages);
+
+  if (message) 
+    connection->message_borrowed = message;
+  
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
+  return message;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Used to return a message after peeking at it using
+ * dbus_connection_borrow_message().
+ *
+ * @param connection the connection
+ * @param message the message from dbus_connection_borrow_message()
+ */
+void
+dbus_connection_return_message (DBusConnection *connection,
+                               DBusMessage    *message)
+{
+  _dbus_return_if_fail (connection != NULL);
+  _dbus_return_if_fail (message != NULL);
+  /* can't borrow during dispatch */
+  _dbus_return_if_fail (!connection->dispatch_acquired);
+  
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+  
+  _dbus_assert (message == connection->message_borrowed);
+  
+  connection->message_borrowed = NULL;
+  dbus_condvar_wake_all (connection->message_returned_cond);
+  
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Used to keep a message after peeking at it using
+ * dbus_connection_borrow_message(). Before using this function, see
+ * the caveats/warnings in the documentation for
+ * dbus_connection_pop_message().
+ *
+ * @param connection the connection
+ * @param message the message from dbus_connection_borrow_message()
+ */
+void
+dbus_connection_steal_borrowed_message (DBusConnection *connection,
+                                       DBusMessage    *message)
+{
+  DBusMessage *pop_message;
+
+  _dbus_return_if_fail (connection != NULL);
+  _dbus_return_if_fail (message != NULL);
+  /* can't borrow during dispatch */
+  _dbus_return_if_fail (!connection->dispatch_acquired);
+  
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+  _dbus_assert (message == connection->message_borrowed);
+
+  pop_message = _dbus_list_pop_first (&connection->incoming_messages);
+  _dbus_assert (message == pop_message);
+  
+  connection->n_incoming -= 1;
+  _dbus_verbose ("Incoming message %p stolen from queue, %d incoming\n",
+                message, connection->n_incoming);
+  connection->message_borrowed = NULL;
+  dbus_condvar_wake_all (connection->message_returned_cond);
+  
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
+}
+
+/* See dbus_connection_pop_message, but requires the caller to own
+ * the lock before calling. May drop the lock while running.
+ */
+static DBusList*
+_dbus_connection_pop_message_link_unlocked (DBusConnection *connection)
+{
+  if (connection->message_borrowed != NULL)
+    _dbus_connection_wait_for_borrowed (connection);
+  
+  if (connection->n_incoming > 0)
+    {
+      DBusList *link;
+
+      link = _dbus_list_pop_first_link (&connection->incoming_messages);
+      connection->n_incoming -= 1;
+
+      _dbus_verbose ("Message %p (%d %s '%s') removed from incoming queue %p, %d incoming\n",
+                     link->data,
+                     dbus_message_get_type (link->data),
+                     dbus_message_get_interface (link->data) ?
+                     dbus_message_get_interface (link->data) :
+                     "no interface",
+                     dbus_message_get_signature (link->data),
+                     connection, connection->n_incoming);
+
+      return link;
+    }
+  else
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/* See dbus_connection_pop_message, but requires the caller to own
+ * the lock before calling. May drop the lock while running.
+ */
+static DBusMessage*
+_dbus_connection_pop_message_unlocked (DBusConnection *connection)
+{
+  DBusList *link;
+  
+  link = _dbus_connection_pop_message_link_unlocked (connection);
+
+  if (link != NULL)
+    {
+      DBusMessage *message;
+      
+      message = link->data;
+      
+      _dbus_list_free_link (link);
+      
+      return message;
+    }
+  else
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static void
+_dbus_connection_putback_message_link_unlocked (DBusConnection *connection,
+                                                DBusList       *message_link)
+{
+  _dbus_assert (message_link != NULL);
+  /* You can't borrow a message while a link is outstanding */
+  _dbus_assert (connection->message_borrowed == NULL);
+
+  _dbus_list_prepend_link (&connection->incoming_messages,
+                           message_link);
+  connection->n_incoming += 1;
+
+  _dbus_verbose ("Message %p (%d %s '%s') put back into queue %p, %d incoming\n",
+                 message_link->data,
+                 dbus_message_get_type (message_link->data),
+                 dbus_message_get_interface (message_link->data) ?
+                 dbus_message_get_interface (message_link->data) :
+                 "no interface",
+                 dbus_message_get_signature (message_link->data),
+                 connection, connection->n_incoming);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -840,137 +2264,463 @@ dbus_connection_peek_message  (DBusConnection *connection)
  * removing it from the queue. The caller owns a reference to the
  * returned message. If the queue is empty, returns #NULL.
  *
+ * This function bypasses any message handlers that are registered,
+ * and so using it is usually wrong. Instead, let the main loop invoke
+ * dbus_connection_dispatch(). Popping messages manually is only
+ * useful in very simple programs that don't share a #DBusConnection
+ * with any libraries or other modules.
+ *
  * @param connection the connection.
  * @returns next message in the incoming queue.
  */
 DBusMessage*
 dbus_connection_pop_message (DBusConnection *connection)
 {
+  DBusMessage *message;
+  DBusDispatchStatus status;
+
+  /* this is called for the side effect that it queues
+   * up any messages from the transport
+   */
+  status = dbus_connection_get_dispatch_status (connection);
+  if (status != DBUS_DISPATCH_DATA_REMAINS)
+    return NULL;
+  
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+
+  message = _dbus_connection_pop_message_unlocked (connection);
+
+  _dbus_verbose ("Returning popped message %p\n", message);    
+  
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
+  
+  return message;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Acquire the dispatcher. This must be done before dispatching
+ * messages in order to guarantee the right order of
+ * message delivery. May sleep and drop the connection mutex
+ * while waiting for the dispatcher.
+ *
+ * @param connection the connection.
+ */
+static void
+_dbus_connection_acquire_dispatch (DBusConnection *connection)
+{
+  if (connection->dispatch_acquired)
+    dbus_condvar_wait (connection->dispatch_cond, connection->mutex);
+  _dbus_assert (!connection->dispatch_acquired);
+
+  connection->dispatch_acquired = TRUE;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Release the dispatcher when you're done with it. Only call
+ * after you've acquired the dispatcher. Wakes up at most one
+ * thread currently waiting to acquire the dispatcher.
+ *
+ * @param connection the connection.
+ */
+static void
+_dbus_connection_release_dispatch (DBusConnection *connection)
+{
+  _dbus_assert (connection->dispatch_acquired);
+
+  connection->dispatch_acquired = FALSE;
+  dbus_condvar_wake_one (connection->dispatch_cond);
+}
+
+static void
+_dbus_connection_failed_pop (DBusConnection *connection,
+                            DBusList       *message_link)
+{
+  _dbus_list_prepend_link (&connection->incoming_messages,
+                          message_link);
+  connection->n_incoming += 1;
+}
+
+static DBusDispatchStatus
+_dbus_connection_get_dispatch_status_unlocked (DBusConnection *connection)
+{
   if (connection->n_incoming > 0)
+    return DBUS_DISPATCH_DATA_REMAINS;
+  else if (!_dbus_transport_queue_messages (connection->transport))
+    return DBUS_DISPATCH_NEED_MEMORY;
+  else
     {
-      DBusMessage *message;
+      DBusDispatchStatus status;
+      
+      status = _dbus_transport_get_dispatch_status (connection->transport);
 
-      message = _dbus_list_pop_first (&connection->incoming_messages);
-      connection->n_incoming -= 1;
+      if (status == DBUS_DISPATCH_COMPLETE &&
+          connection->disconnect_message_link &&
+          !_dbus_transport_get_is_connected (connection->transport))
+        {
+          /* We haven't sent the disconnect message already,
+           * and all real messages have been queued up.
+           */
+          _dbus_connection_queue_synthesized_message_link (connection,
+                                                           connection->disconnect_message_link);
+          connection->disconnect_message_link = NULL;
+        }
+      
+      if (status != DBUS_DISPATCH_COMPLETE)
+        return status;
+      else if (connection->n_incoming > 0)
+        return DBUS_DISPATCH_DATA_REMAINS;
+      else
+        return DBUS_DISPATCH_COMPLETE;
+    }
+}
 
-      _dbus_verbose ("Incoming message %p removed from queue, %d incoming\n",
-                     message, connection->n_incoming);
+static void
+_dbus_connection_update_dispatch_status_and_unlock (DBusConnection    *connection,
+                                                    DBusDispatchStatus new_status)
+{
+  dbus_bool_t changed;
+  DBusDispatchStatusFunction function;
+  void *data;
 
-      return message;
+  /* We have the lock */
+
+  _dbus_connection_ref_unlocked (connection);
+
+  changed = new_status != connection->last_dispatch_status;
+
+  connection->last_dispatch_status = new_status;
+
+  function = connection->dispatch_status_function;
+  data = connection->dispatch_status_data;
+
+  /* We drop the lock */
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
+  
+  if (changed && function)
+    {
+      _dbus_verbose ("Notifying of change to dispatch status of %p now %d (%s)\n",
+                     connection, new_status,
+                     new_status == DBUS_DISPATCH_COMPLETE ? "complete" :
+                     new_status == DBUS_DISPATCH_DATA_REMAINS ? "data remains" :
+                     new_status == DBUS_DISPATCH_NEED_MEMORY ? "need memory" :
+                     "???");
+      (* function) (connection, new_status, data);      
     }
-  else
-    return NULL;
+  
+  dbus_connection_unref (connection);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Gets the current state (what we would currently return
+ * from dbus_connection_dispatch()) but doesn't actually
+ * dispatch any messages.
+ * 
+ * @param connection the connection.
+ * @returns current dispatch status
+ */
+DBusDispatchStatus
+dbus_connection_get_dispatch_status (DBusConnection *connection)
+{
+  DBusDispatchStatus status;
+
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (connection != NULL, DBUS_DISPATCH_COMPLETE);
+  
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+
+  status = _dbus_connection_get_dispatch_status_unlocked (connection);
+  
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
+
+  return status;
 }
 
 /**
- * Pops the first-received message from the current incoming message
- * queue, runs any handlers for it, then unrefs the message.
+ * Processes data buffered while handling watches, queueing zero or
+ * more incoming messages. Then pops the first-received message from
+ * the current incoming message queue, runs any handlers for it, and
+ * unrefs the message. Returns a status indicating whether messages/data
+ * remain, more memory is needed, or all data has been processed.
+ * 
+ * Even if the dispatch status is #DBUS_DISPATCH_DATA_REMAINS,
+ * does not necessarily dispatch a message, as the data may
+ * be part of authentication or the like.
  *
- * @param connection the connection
- * @returns #TRUE if the queue is not empty after dispatch
+ * @todo some FIXME in here about handling DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NEED_MEMORY
  *
- * @todo this function is not properly robust against reentrancy,
- * that is, if handlers are added/removed while dispatching
- * a message, things will get messed up.
+ * @todo right now a message filter gets run on replies to a pending
+ * call in here, but not in the case where we block without entering
+ * the main loop. Simple solution might be to just have the pending
+ * call stuff run before the filters.
+ *
+ * @todo FIXME what if we call out to application code to handle a
+ * message, holding the dispatch lock, and the application code runs
+ * the main loop and dispatches again? Probably deadlocks at the
+ * moment. Maybe we want a dispatch status of DBUS_DISPATCH_IN_PROGRESS,
+ * and then the GSource etc. could handle the situation?
+ * 
+ * @param connection the connection
+ * @returns dispatch status
  */
-dbus_bool_t
-dbus_connection_dispatch_message (DBusConnection *connection)
+DBusDispatchStatus
+dbus_connection_dispatch (DBusConnection *connection)
 {
   DBusMessage *message;
-  int filter_serial;
-  int handler_serial;
-  DBusList *link;
+  DBusList *link, *filter_list_copy, *message_link;
   DBusHandlerResult result;
-  const char *name;
+  DBusPendingCall *pending;
+  dbus_int32_t reply_serial;
+  DBusDispatchStatus status;
+
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (connection != NULL, DBUS_DISPATCH_COMPLETE);
+
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+  status = _dbus_connection_get_dispatch_status_unlocked (connection);
+  if (status != DBUS_DISPATCH_DATA_REMAINS)
+    {
+      /* unlocks and calls out to user code */
+      _dbus_connection_update_dispatch_status_and_unlock (connection, status);
+      return status;
+    }
   
-  dbus_connection_ref (connection);
+  /* We need to ref the connection since the callback could potentially
+   * drop the last ref to it
+   */
+  _dbus_connection_ref_unlocked (connection);
+
+  _dbus_connection_acquire_dispatch (connection);
   
-  message = dbus_connection_pop_message (connection);
-  if (message == NULL)
+  /* This call may drop the lock during the execution (if waiting for
+   * borrowed messages to be returned) but the order of message
+   * dispatch if several threads call dispatch() is still
+   * protected by the lock, since only one will get the lock, and that
+   * one will finish the message dispatching
+   */
+  message_link = _dbus_connection_pop_message_link_unlocked (connection);
+  if (message_link == NULL)
     {
+      /* another thread dispatched our stuff */
+
+      _dbus_connection_release_dispatch (connection);
+
+      status = _dbus_connection_get_dispatch_status_unlocked (connection);
+
+      _dbus_connection_update_dispatch_status_and_unlock (connection, status);
+      
       dbus_connection_unref (connection);
-      return FALSE;
+      
+      return status;
+    }
+
+  message = message_link->data;
+  
+  result = DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
+
+  reply_serial = dbus_message_get_reply_serial (message);
+  pending = _dbus_hash_table_lookup_int (connection->pending_replies,
+                                         reply_serial);
+  
+  if (!_dbus_list_copy (&connection->filter_list, &filter_list_copy))
+    {
+      _dbus_connection_release_dispatch (connection);
+
+      _dbus_connection_failed_pop (connection, message_link);
+
+      /* unlocks and calls user code */
+      _dbus_connection_update_dispatch_status_and_unlock (connection,
+                                                          DBUS_DISPATCH_NEED_MEMORY);
+
+      dbus_connection_unref (connection);
+      
+      return DBUS_DISPATCH_NEED_MEMORY;
+    }
+  
+  _dbus_list_foreach (&filter_list_copy,
+                     (DBusForeachFunction)_dbus_message_filter_ref,
+                     NULL);
+
+  /* We're still protected from dispatch() reentrancy here
+   * since we acquired the dispatcher
+   */
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
+  
+  link = _dbus_list_get_first_link (&filter_list_copy);
+  while (link != NULL)
+    {
+      DBusMessageFilter *filter = link->data;
+      DBusList *next = _dbus_list_get_next_link (&filter_list_copy, link);
+
+      _dbus_verbose ("  running filter on message %p\n", message);
+      result = (* filter->function) (connection, message, filter->user_data);
+
+      if (result != DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED)
+       break;
+
+      link = next;
+    }
+
+  _dbus_list_foreach (&filter_list_copy,
+                     (DBusForeachFunction)_dbus_message_filter_unref,
+                     NULL);
+  _dbus_list_clear (&filter_list_copy);
+  
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+
+  if (result == DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NEED_MEMORY)
+    goto out;
+  
+  /* Did a reply we were waiting on get filtered? */
+  if (pending && result == DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_HANDLED)
+    {
+      /* Queue the timeout immediately! */
+      if (pending->timeout_link)
+       {
+         _dbus_connection_queue_synthesized_message_link (connection,
+                                                          pending->timeout_link);
+         pending->timeout_link = NULL;
+       }
+      else
+       {
+         /* We already queued the timeout? Then it was filtered! */
+         _dbus_warn ("The timeout error with reply serial %d was filtered, so the DBusPendingCall will never stop pending.\n", reply_serial);
+       }
     }
+  
+  if (result == DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_HANDLED)
+    goto out;
+  
+  if (pending)
+    {
+      _dbus_pending_call_complete_and_unlock (pending, message);
 
-  filter_serial = connection->filters_serial;
-  handler_serial = connection->handlers_serial;
+      pending = NULL;
+      
+      CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+      goto out;
+    }
 
-  result = DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_ALLOW_MORE_HANDLERS;
+  /* We're still protected from dispatch() reentrancy here
+   * since we acquired the dispatcher
+   */
+  _dbus_verbose ("  running object path dispatch on message %p (%d %s '%s')\n",
+                 message,
+                 dbus_message_get_type (message),
+                 dbus_message_get_interface (message) ?
+                 dbus_message_get_interface (message) :
+                 "no interface",
+                 dbus_message_get_signature (message));
   
-  link = _dbus_list_get_first_link (&connection->filter_list);
-  while (link != NULL)
+  result = _dbus_object_tree_dispatch_and_unlock (connection->objects,
+                                                  message);
+  
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+
+  if (result != DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED)
+    goto out;
+
+  if (dbus_message_get_type (message) == DBUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_CALL)
     {
-      DBusMessageHandler *handler = link->data;
-      DBusList *next = _dbus_list_get_next_link (&connection->filter_list, link);
+      DBusMessage *reply;
+      DBusString str;
+      DBusPreallocatedSend *preallocated;
+
+      _dbus_verbose ("  sending error %s\n",
+                     DBUS_ERROR_UNKNOWN_METHOD);
+      
+      if (!_dbus_string_init (&str))
+        {
+          result = DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NEED_MEMORY;
+          goto out;
+        }
+              
+      if (!_dbus_string_append_printf (&str,
+                                       "Method \"%s\" on interface \"%s\" doesn't exist\n",
+                                       dbus_message_get_member (message),
+                                       dbus_message_get_interface (message)))
+        {
+          _dbus_string_free (&str);
+          result = DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NEED_MEMORY;
+          goto out;
+        }
       
-      result = _dbus_message_handler_handle_message (handler, connection,
-                                                     message);
+      reply = dbus_message_new_error (message,
+                                      DBUS_ERROR_UNKNOWN_METHOD,
+                                      _dbus_string_get_const_data (&str));
+      _dbus_string_free (&str);
 
-      if (result == DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_REMOVE_MESSAGE)
-        goto out;
+      if (reply == NULL)
+        {
+          result = DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NEED_MEMORY;
+          goto out;
+        }
+      
+      preallocated = _dbus_connection_preallocate_send_unlocked (connection);
 
-      if (filter_serial != connection->filters_serial)
+      if (preallocated == NULL)
         {
-          _dbus_warn ("Message filters added or removed while dispatching filters - not currently supported!\n");
+          dbus_message_unref (reply);
+          result = DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NEED_MEMORY;
           goto out;
         }
+
+      _dbus_connection_send_preallocated_unlocked (connection, preallocated,
+                                                   reply, NULL);
+
+      dbus_message_unref (reply);
       
-      link = next;
+      result = DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_HANDLED;
     }
-
-  name = dbus_message_get_name (message);
-  if (name != NULL)
+  
+  _dbus_verbose ("  done dispatching %p (%d %s '%s') on connection %p\n", message,
+                 dbus_message_get_type (message),
+                 dbus_message_get_interface (message) ?
+                 dbus_message_get_interface (message) :
+                 "no interface",
+                 dbus_message_get_signature (message),
+                 connection);
+  
+ out:
+  if (result == DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NEED_MEMORY)
     {
-      DBusMessageHandler *handler;
+      _dbus_verbose ("out of memory in %s\n", _DBUS_FUNCTION_NAME);
       
-      handler = _dbus_hash_table_lookup_string (connection->handler_table,
-                                                name);
-      if (handler != NULL)
-        {
-
-          result = _dbus_message_handler_handle_message (handler, connection,
-                                                         message);
+      /* Put message back, and we'll start over.
+       * Yes this means handlers must be idempotent if they
+       * don't return HANDLED; c'est la vie.
+       */
+      _dbus_connection_putback_message_link_unlocked (connection,
+                                                      message_link);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      _dbus_verbose ("Done with message in %s\n", _DBUS_FUNCTION_NAME);
       
-          if (result == DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_REMOVE_MESSAGE)
-            goto out;
-          
-          if (handler_serial != connection->handlers_serial)
-            {
-              _dbus_warn ("Message handlers added or removed while dispatching handlers - not currently supported!\n");
-              goto out;
-            }
+      if (connection->exit_on_disconnect &&
+          dbus_message_is_signal (message,
+                                  DBUS_INTERFACE_ORG_FREEDESKTOP_LOCAL,
+                                  "Disconnected"))
+        {
+          _dbus_verbose ("Exiting on Disconnected signal\n");
+          CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
+          _dbus_exit (1);
+          _dbus_assert_not_reached ("Call to exit() returned");
         }
+      
+      _dbus_list_free_link (message_link);
+      dbus_message_unref (message); /* don't want the message to count in max message limits
+                                     * in computing dispatch status below
+                                     */
     }
+  
+  _dbus_connection_release_dispatch (connection);
+  
+  status = _dbus_connection_get_dispatch_status_unlocked (connection);
 
- out:
+  /* unlocks and calls user code */
+  _dbus_connection_update_dispatch_status_and_unlock (connection, status);
+  
   dbus_connection_unref (connection);
-  dbus_message_unref (message);
   
-  return connection->n_incoming > 0;
-}
-
-/**
- * Sets the disconnect handler function for the connection.
- * Will be called exactly once, when the connection is
- * disconnected.
- * 
- * @param connection the connection.
- * @param disconnect_function the disconnect handler.
- * @param data data to pass to the disconnect handler.
- * @param free_data_function function to be called to free the data.
- */
-void
-dbus_connection_set_disconnect_function  (DBusConnection              *connection,
-                                          DBusDisconnectFunction       disconnect_function,
-                                          void                        *data,
-                                          DBusFreeFunction             free_data_function)
-{
-  if (connection->disconnect_free_data_function != NULL)
-    (* connection->disconnect_free_data_function) (connection->disconnect_data);
-
-  connection->disconnect_function = disconnect_function;
-  connection->disconnect_data = data;
-  connection->disconnect_free_data_function = free_data_function;
+  return status;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -980,8 +2730,18 @@ dbus_connection_set_disconnect_function  (DBusConnection              *connectio
  * poll(). When using Qt, typically the DBusAddWatchFunction would
  * create a QSocketNotifier. When using GLib, the DBusAddWatchFunction
  * could call g_io_add_watch(), or could be used as part of a more
- * elaborate GSource.
+ * elaborate GSource. Note that when a watch is added, it may
+ * not be enabled.
  *
+ * The DBusWatchToggledFunction notifies the application that the
+ * watch has been enabled or disabled. Call dbus_watch_get_enabled()
+ * to check this. A disabled watch should have no effect, and enabled
+ * watch should be added to the main loop. This feature is used
+ * instead of simply adding/removing the watch because
+ * enabling/disabling can be done without memory allocation.  The
+ * toggled function may be NULL if a main loop re-queries
+ * dbus_watch_get_enabled() every time anyway.
+ * 
  * The DBusWatch can be queried for the file descriptor to watch using
  * dbus_watch_get_fd(), and for the events to watch for using
  * dbus_watch_get_flags(). The flags returned by
@@ -991,38 +2751,65 @@ dbus_connection_set_disconnect_function  (DBusConnection              *connectio
  * other exceptional conditions.
  *
  * Once a file descriptor becomes readable or writable, or an exception
- * occurs, dbus_connection_handle_watch() should be called to
+ * occurs, dbus_watch_handle() should be called to
  * notify the connection of the file descriptor's condition.
  *
- * dbus_connection_handle_watch() cannot be called during the
+ * dbus_watch_handle() cannot be called during the
  * DBusAddWatchFunction, as the connection will not be ready to handle
  * that watch yet.
  * 
  * It is not allowed to reference a DBusWatch after it has been passed
  * to remove_function.
+ *
+ * If #FALSE is returned due to lack of memory, the failure may be due
+ * to a #FALSE return from the new add_function. If so, the
+ * add_function may have been called successfully one or more times,
+ * but the remove_function will also have been called to remove any
+ * successful adds. i.e. if #FALSE is returned the net result
+ * should be that dbus_connection_set_watch_functions() has no effect,
+ * but the add_function and remove_function may have been called.
+ *
+ * @todo We need to drop the lock when we call the
+ * add/remove/toggled functions which can be a side effect
+ * of setting the watch functions.
  * 
  * @param connection the connection.
  * @param add_function function to begin monitoring a new descriptor.
  * @param remove_function function to stop monitoring a descriptor.
+ * @param toggled_function function to notify of enable/disable
  * @param data data to pass to add_function and remove_function.
  * @param free_data_function function to be called to free the data.
+ * @returns #FALSE on failure (no memory)
  */
-void
+dbus_bool_t
 dbus_connection_set_watch_functions (DBusConnection              *connection,
                                      DBusAddWatchFunction         add_function,
                                      DBusRemoveWatchFunction      remove_function,
+                                     DBusWatchToggledFunction     toggled_function,
                                      void                        *data,
                                      DBusFreeFunction             free_data_function)
 {
-  /* ref connection for slightly better reentrancy */
-  dbus_connection_ref (connection);
+  dbus_bool_t retval;
+
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (connection != NULL, FALSE);
   
-  _dbus_watch_list_set_functions (connection->watches,
-                                  add_function, remove_function,
-                                  data, free_data_function);
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+  /* ref connection for slightly better reentrancy */
+  _dbus_connection_ref_unlocked (connection);
+
+  /* FIXME this can call back into user code, and we need to drop the
+   * connection lock when it does.
+   */
+  retval = _dbus_watch_list_set_functions (connection->watches,
+                                           add_function, remove_function,
+                                           toggled_function,
+                                           data, free_data_function);
   
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
   /* drop our paranoid refcount */
   dbus_connection_unref (connection);
+
+  return retval;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1031,322 +2818,501 @@ dbus_connection_set_watch_functions (DBusConnection              *connection,
  * When using Qt, typically the DBusAddTimeoutFunction would create a
  * QTimer. When using GLib, the DBusAddTimeoutFunction would call
  * g_timeout_add.
+ * 
+ * The DBusTimeoutToggledFunction notifies the application that the
+ * timeout has been enabled or disabled. Call
+ * dbus_timeout_get_enabled() to check this. A disabled timeout should
+ * have no effect, and enabled timeout should be added to the main
+ * loop. This feature is used instead of simply adding/removing the
+ * timeout because enabling/disabling can be done without memory
+ * allocation. With Qt, QTimer::start() and QTimer::stop() can be used
+ * to enable and disable. The toggled function may be NULL if a main
+ * loop re-queries dbus_timeout_get_enabled() every time anyway.
+ * Whenever a timeout is toggled, its interval may change.
  *
  * The DBusTimeout can be queried for the timer interval using
- * dbus_timeout_get_interval.
+ * dbus_timeout_get_interval(). dbus_timeout_handle() should be called
+ * repeatedly, each time the interval elapses, starting after it has
+ * elapsed once. The timeout stops firing when it is removed with the
+ * given remove_function.  The timer interval may change whenever the
+ * timeout is added, removed, or toggled.
  *
- * Once a timeout occurs, dbus_timeout_handle should be call to invoke
- * the timeout's callback.
+ * @param connection the connection.
+ * @param add_function function to add a timeout.
+ * @param remove_function function to remove a timeout.
+ * @param toggled_function function to notify of enable/disable
+ * @param data data to pass to add_function and remove_function.
+ * @param free_data_function function to be called to free the data.
+ * @returns #FALSE on failure (no memory)
  */
-void
+dbus_bool_t
 dbus_connection_set_timeout_functions   (DBusConnection            *connection,
                                         DBusAddTimeoutFunction     add_function,
                                         DBusRemoveTimeoutFunction  remove_function,
+                                         DBusTimeoutToggledFunction toggled_function,
                                         void                      *data,
                                         DBusFreeFunction           free_data_function)
 {
+  dbus_bool_t retval;
+
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (connection != NULL, FALSE);
+  
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
   /* ref connection for slightly better reentrancy */
-  dbus_connection_ref (connection);
+  _dbus_connection_ref_unlocked (connection);
   
-  _dbus_timeout_list_set_functions (connection->timeouts,
-                                   add_function, remove_function,
-                                   data, free_data_function);
+  retval = _dbus_timeout_list_set_functions (connection->timeouts,
+                                             add_function, remove_function,
+                                             toggled_function,
+                                             data, free_data_function);
   
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
   /* drop our paranoid refcount */
-  dbus_connection_unref (connection);  
+  dbus_connection_unref (connection);
+
+  return retval;
 }
 
 /**
- * Called to notify the connection when a previously-added watch
- * is ready for reading or writing, or has an exception such
- * as a hangup.
+ * Sets the mainloop wakeup function for the connection. Thi function is
+ * responsible for waking up the main loop (if its sleeping) when some some
+ * change has happened to the connection that the mainloop needs to reconsiders
+ * (e.g. a message has been queued for writing).
+ * When using Qt, this typically results in a call to QEventLoop::wakeUp().
+ * When using GLib, it would call g_main_context_wakeup().
+ *
  *
  * @param connection the connection.
- * @param watch the watch.
- * @param condition the current condition of the file descriptors being watched.
+ * @param wakeup_main_function function to wake up the mainloop
+ * @param data data to pass wakeup_main_function
+ * @param free_data_function function to be called to free the data.
+ */
+void
+dbus_connection_set_wakeup_main_function (DBusConnection            *connection,
+                                         DBusWakeupMainFunction     wakeup_main_function,
+                                         void                      *data,
+                                         DBusFreeFunction           free_data_function)
+{
+  void *old_data;
+  DBusFreeFunction old_free_data;
+
+  _dbus_return_if_fail (connection != NULL);
+  
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+  old_data = connection->wakeup_main_data;
+  old_free_data = connection->free_wakeup_main_data;
+
+  connection->wakeup_main_function = wakeup_main_function;
+  connection->wakeup_main_data = data;
+  connection->free_wakeup_main_data = free_data_function;
+  
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
+
+  /* Callback outside the lock */
+  if (old_free_data)
+    (*old_free_data) (old_data);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set a function to be invoked when the dispatch status changes.
+ * If the dispatch status is #DBUS_DISPATCH_DATA_REMAINS, then
+ * dbus_connection_dispatch() needs to be called to process incoming
+ * messages. However, dbus_connection_dispatch() MUST NOT BE CALLED
+ * from inside the DBusDispatchStatusFunction. Indeed, almost
+ * any reentrancy in this function is a bad idea. Instead,
+ * the DBusDispatchStatusFunction should simply save an indication
+ * that messages should be dispatched later, when the main loop
+ * is re-entered.
+ *
+ * @param connection the connection
+ * @param function function to call on dispatch status changes
+ * @param data data for function
+ * @param free_data_function free the function data
+ */
+void
+dbus_connection_set_dispatch_status_function (DBusConnection             *connection,
+                                              DBusDispatchStatusFunction  function,
+                                              void                       *data,
+                                              DBusFreeFunction            free_data_function)
+{
+  void *old_data;
+  DBusFreeFunction old_free_data;
+
+  _dbus_return_if_fail (connection != NULL);
+  
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+  old_data = connection->dispatch_status_data;
+  old_free_data = connection->free_dispatch_status_data;
+
+  connection->dispatch_status_function = function;
+  connection->dispatch_status_data = data;
+  connection->free_dispatch_status_data = free_data_function;
+  
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
+
+  /* Callback outside the lock */
+  if (old_free_data)
+    (*old_free_data) (old_data);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Gets the UNIX user ID of the connection if any.
+ * Returns #TRUE if the uid is filled in.
+ * Always returns #FALSE on non-UNIX platforms.
+ * Always returns #FALSE prior to authenticating the
+ * connection.
+ *
+ * @param connection the connection
+ * @param uid return location for the user ID
+ * @returns #TRUE if uid is filled in with a valid user ID
+ */
+dbus_bool_t
+dbus_connection_get_unix_user (DBusConnection *connection,
+                               unsigned long  *uid)
+{
+  dbus_bool_t result;
+
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (connection != NULL, FALSE);
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (uid != NULL, FALSE);
+  
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+
+  if (!_dbus_transport_get_is_authenticated (connection->transport))
+    result = FALSE;
+  else
+    result = _dbus_transport_get_unix_user (connection->transport,
+                                            uid);
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sets a predicate function used to determine whether a given user ID
+ * is allowed to connect. When an incoming connection has
+ * authenticated with a particular user ID, this function is called;
+ * if it returns #TRUE, the connection is allowed to proceed,
+ * otherwise the connection is disconnected.
+ *
+ * If the function is set to #NULL (as it is by default), then
+ * only the same UID as the server process will be allowed to
+ * connect.
+ *
+ * @param connection the connection
+ * @param function the predicate
+ * @param data data to pass to the predicate
+ * @param free_data_function function to free the data
  */
 void
-dbus_connection_handle_watch (DBusConnection              *connection,
-                              DBusWatch                   *watch,
-                              unsigned int                 condition)
+dbus_connection_set_unix_user_function (DBusConnection             *connection,
+                                        DBusAllowUnixUserFunction   function,
+                                        void                       *data,
+                                        DBusFreeFunction            free_data_function)
 {
-  _dbus_transport_handle_watch (connection->transport,
-                                watch, condition);
+  void *old_data = NULL;
+  DBusFreeFunction old_free_function = NULL;
+
+  _dbus_return_if_fail (connection != NULL);
+  
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+  _dbus_transport_set_unix_user_function (connection->transport,
+                                          function, data, free_data_function,
+                                          &old_data, &old_free_function);
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
+
+  if (old_free_function != NULL)
+    (* old_free_function) (old_data);    
 }
 
 /**
- * Adds a message filter. Filters are handlers that are run on
- * all incoming messages, prior to the normal handlers
- * registered with dbus_connection_register_handler().
- * Filters are run in the order that they were added.
- * The same handler can be added as a filter more than once, in
- * which case it will be run more than once.
+ * Adds a message filter. Filters are handlers that are run on all
+ * incoming messages, prior to the objects registered with
+ * dbus_connection_register_object_path().  Filters are run in the
+ * order that they were added.  The same handler can be added as a
+ * filter more than once, in which case it will be run more than once.
+ * Filters added during a filter callback won't be run on the message
+ * being processed.
+ *
+ * @todo we don't run filters on messages while blocking without
+ * entering the main loop, since filters are run as part of
+ * dbus_connection_dispatch(). This is probably a feature, as filters
+ * could create arbitrary reentrancy. But kind of sucks if you're
+ * trying to filter METHOD_RETURN for some reason.
  *
  * @param connection the connection
- * @param handler the handler
+ * @param function function to handle messages
+ * @param user_data user data to pass to the function
+ * @param free_data_function function to use for freeing user data
  * @returns #TRUE on success, #FALSE if not enough memory.
  */
 dbus_bool_t
-dbus_connection_add_filter (DBusConnection      *connection,
-                            DBusMessageHandler  *handler)
+dbus_connection_add_filter (DBusConnection            *connection,
+                            DBusHandleMessageFunction  function,
+                            void                      *user_data,
+                            DBusFreeFunction           free_data_function)
 {
-  if (!_dbus_message_handler_add_connection (handler, connection))
+  DBusMessageFilter *filter;
+  
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (connection != NULL, FALSE);
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (function != NULL, FALSE);
+
+  filter = dbus_new0 (DBusMessageFilter, 1);
+  if (filter == NULL)
     return FALSE;
 
+  filter->refcount.value = 1;
+  
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+
   if (!_dbus_list_append (&connection->filter_list,
-                          handler))
+                          filter))
     {
-      _dbus_message_handler_remove_connection (handler, connection);
+      _dbus_message_filter_unref (filter);
+      CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
       return FALSE;
     }
 
-  connection->filters_serial += 1;
+  /* Fill in filter after all memory allocated,
+   * so we don't run the free_user_data_function
+   * if the add_filter() fails
+   */
   
+  filter->function = function;
+  filter->user_data = user_data;
+  filter->free_user_data_function = free_data_function;
+        
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
   return TRUE;
 }
 
 /**
  * Removes a previously-added message filter. It is a programming
- * error to call this function for a handler that has not
- * been added as a filter. If the given handler was added
- * more than once, only one instance of it will be removed
- * (the most recently-added instance).
+ * error to call this function for a handler that has not been added
+ * as a filter. If the given handler was added more than once, only
+ * one instance of it will be removed (the most recently-added
+ * instance).
  *
  * @param connection the connection
- * @param handler the handler to remove
+ * @param function the handler to remove
+ * @param user_data user data for the handler to remove
  *
  */
 void
-dbus_connection_remove_filter (DBusConnection      *connection,
-                               DBusMessageHandler  *handler)
+dbus_connection_remove_filter (DBusConnection            *connection,
+                               DBusHandleMessageFunction  function,
+                               void                      *user_data)
 {
-  if (!_dbus_list_remove_last (&connection->filter_list, handler))
+  DBusList *link;
+  DBusMessageFilter *filter;
+  
+  _dbus_return_if_fail (connection != NULL);
+  _dbus_return_if_fail (function != NULL);
+  
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+
+  filter = NULL;
+  
+  link = _dbus_list_get_last_link (&connection->filter_list);
+  while (link != NULL)
     {
-      _dbus_warn ("Tried to remove a DBusConnection filter that had not been added\n");
-      return;
+      filter = link->data;
+
+      if (filter->function == function &&
+          filter->user_data == user_data)
+        {
+          _dbus_list_remove_link (&connection->filter_list, link);
+          filter->function = NULL;
+          
+          break;
+        }
+        
+      link = _dbus_list_get_prev_link (&connection->filter_list, link);
     }
+  
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
 
-  _dbus_message_handler_remove_connection (handler, connection);
+#ifndef DBUS_DISABLE_CHECKS
+  if (filter == NULL)
+    {
+      _dbus_warn ("Attempt to remove filter function %p user data %p, but no such filter has been added\n",
+                  function, user_data);
+      return;
+    }
+#endif
+  
+  /* Call application code */
+  if (filter->free_user_data_function)
+    (* filter->free_user_data_function) (filter->user_data);
 
-  connection->filters_serial += 1;
+  filter->free_user_data_function = NULL;
+  filter->user_data = NULL;
+  
+  _dbus_message_filter_unref (filter);
 }
 
 /**
- * Registers a handler for a list of message names. A single handler
- * can be registered for any number of message names, but each message
- * name can only have one handler at a time. It's not allowed to call
- * this function with the name of a message that already has a
- * handler. If the function returns #FALSE, the handlers were not
- * registered due to lack of memory.
- * 
+ * Registers a handler for a given path in the object hierarchy.
+ * The given vtable handles messages sent to exactly the given path.
+ *
+ *
  * @param connection the connection
- * @param handler the handler
- * @param messages_to_handle the messages to handle
- * @param n_messages the number of message names in messages_to_handle
- * @returns #TRUE on success, #FALSE if no memory or another handler already exists
- * 
- **/
+ * @param path #NULL-terminated array of path elements
+ * @param vtable the virtual table
+ * @param user_data data to pass to functions in the vtable
+ * @returns #FALSE if not enough memory
+ */
 dbus_bool_t
-dbus_connection_register_handler (DBusConnection     *connection,
-                                  DBusMessageHandler *handler,
-                                  const char        **messages_to_handle,
-                                  int                 n_messages)
+dbus_connection_register_object_path (DBusConnection              *connection,
+                                      const char                 **path,
+                                      const DBusObjectPathVTable  *vtable,
+                                      void                        *user_data)
 {
-  int i;
+  dbus_bool_t retval;
+  
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (connection != NULL, FALSE);
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (path != NULL, FALSE);
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (path[0] != NULL, FALSE);
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (vtable != NULL, FALSE);
 
-  i = 0;
-  while (i < n_messages)
-    {
-      DBusHashIter iter;
-      char *key;
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
 
-      key = _dbus_strdup (messages_to_handle[i]);
-      if (key == NULL)
-        goto failed;
-      
-      if (!_dbus_hash_iter_lookup (connection->handler_table,
-                                   key, TRUE,
-                                   &iter))
-        {
-          dbus_free (key);
-          goto failed;
-        }
+  retval = _dbus_object_tree_register (connection->objects,
+                                       FALSE,
+                                       path, vtable,
+                                       user_data);
 
-      if (_dbus_hash_iter_get_value (&iter) != NULL)
-        {
-          _dbus_warn ("Bug in application: attempted to register a second handler for %s\n",
-                      messages_to_handle[i]);
-          dbus_free (key); /* won't have replaced the old key with the new one */
-          goto failed;
-        }
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
 
-      if (!_dbus_message_handler_add_connection (handler, connection))
-        {
-          _dbus_hash_iter_remove_entry (&iter);
-          /* key has freed on nuking the entry */
-          goto failed;
-        }
-      
-      _dbus_hash_iter_set_value (&iter, handler);
+  return retval;
+}
 
-      connection->handlers_serial += 1;
-      
-      ++i;
-    }
-  
-  return TRUE;
+/**
+ * Registers a fallback handler for a given subsection of the object
+ * hierarchy.  The given vtable handles messages at or below the given
+ * path. You can use this to establish a default message handling
+ * policy for a whole "subdirectory."
+ *
+ * @param connection the connection
+ * @param path #NULL-terminated array of path elements
+ * @param vtable the virtual table
+ * @param user_data data to pass to functions in the vtable
+ * @returns #FALSE if not enough memory
+ */
+dbus_bool_t
+dbus_connection_register_fallback (DBusConnection              *connection,
+                                   const char                 **path,
+                                   const DBusObjectPathVTable  *vtable,
+                                   void                        *user_data)
+{
+  dbus_bool_t retval;
   
- failed:
-  /* unregister everything registered so far,
-   * so we don't fail partially
-   */
-  dbus_connection_unregister_handler (connection,
-                                      handler,
-                                      messages_to_handle,
-                                      i);
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (connection != NULL, FALSE);
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (path != NULL, FALSE);
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (path[0] != NULL, FALSE);
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (vtable != NULL, FALSE);
 
-  return FALSE;
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+
+  retval = _dbus_object_tree_register (connection->objects,
+                                       TRUE,
+                                       path, vtable,
+                                       user_data);
+
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
+
+  return retval;
 }
 
 /**
- * Unregisters a handler for a list of message names. The handlers
- * must have been previously registered.
+ * Unregisters the handler registered with exactly the given path.
+ * It's a bug to call this function for a path that isn't registered.
+ * Can unregister both fallback paths and object paths.
  *
  * @param connection the connection
- * @param handler the handler
- * @param messages_to_handle the messages to handle
- * @param n_messages the number of message names in messages_to_handle
- * 
- **/
+ * @param path the #NULL-terminated array of path elements
+ */
 void
-dbus_connection_unregister_handler (DBusConnection     *connection,
-                                    DBusMessageHandler *handler,
-                                    const char        **messages_to_handle,
-                                    int                 n_messages)
+dbus_connection_unregister_object_path (DBusConnection              *connection,
+                                        const char                 **path)
 {
-  int i;
+  _dbus_return_if_fail (connection != NULL);
+  _dbus_return_if_fail (path != NULL);
+  _dbus_return_if_fail (path[0] != NULL);
 
-  i = 0;
-  while (i < n_messages)
-    {
-      DBusHashIter iter;
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
 
-      if (!_dbus_hash_iter_lookup (connection->handler_table,
-                                   (char*) messages_to_handle[i], FALSE,
-                                   &iter))
-        {
-          _dbus_warn ("Bug in application: attempted to unregister handler for %s which was not registered\n",
-                      messages_to_handle[i]);
-        }
-      else if (_dbus_hash_iter_get_value (&iter) != handler)
-        {
-          _dbus_warn ("Bug in application: attempted to unregister handler for %s which was registered by a different handler\n",
-                      messages_to_handle[i]);
-        }
-      else
-        {
-          _dbus_hash_iter_remove_entry (&iter);
-          _dbus_message_handler_remove_connection (handler, connection);
-        }
+  return _dbus_object_tree_unregister_and_unlock (connection->objects,
+                                                  path);
+}
 
-      ++i;
-    }
+/**
+ * Lists the registered fallback handlers and object path handlers at
+ * the given parent_path. The returned array should be freed with
+ * dbus_free_string_array().
+ *
+ * @param connection the connection
+ * @param parent_path the path to list the child handlers of
+ * @param child_entries returns #NULL-terminated array of children
+ * @returns #FALSE if no memory to allocate the child entries
+ */
+dbus_bool_t
+dbus_connection_list_registered (DBusConnection              *connection,
+                                 const char                 **parent_path,
+                                 char                      ***child_entries)
+{
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (connection != NULL, FALSE);
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (parent_path != NULL, FALSE);
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (child_entries != NULL, FALSE);
+
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
 
-  connection->handlers_serial += 1;
+  return _dbus_object_tree_list_registered_and_unlock (connection->objects,
+                                                       parent_path,
+                                                       child_entries);
 }
 
-static int *allocated_slots = NULL;
-static int  n_allocated_slots = 0;
-static int  n_used_slots = 0;
-static DBusStaticMutex allocated_slots_lock = DBUS_STATIC_MUTEX_INIT;
+static DBusDataSlotAllocator slot_allocator;
+_DBUS_DEFINE_GLOBAL_LOCK (connection_slots);
 
 /**
  * Allocates an integer ID to be used for storing application-specific
  * data on any DBusConnection. The allocated ID may then be used
  * with dbus_connection_set_data() and dbus_connection_get_data().
- * If allocation fails, -1 is returned.
+ * The passed-in slot must be initialized to -1, and is filled in
+ * with the slot ID. If the passed-in slot is not -1, it's assumed
+ * to be already allocated, and its refcount is incremented.
+ * 
+ * The allocated slot is global, i.e. all DBusConnection objects will
+ * have a slot with the given integer ID reserved.
  *
- * @returns -1 on failure, otherwise the data slot ID
+ * @param slot_p address of a global variable storing the slot
+ * @returns #FALSE on failure (no memory)
  */
-int
-dbus_connection_allocate_data_slot (void)
+dbus_bool_t
+dbus_connection_allocate_data_slot (dbus_int32_t *slot_p)
 {
-  int slot;
-  
-  if (!dbus_static_mutex_lock (&allocated_slots_lock))
-    return -1;
-
-  if (n_used_slots < n_allocated_slots)
-    {
-      slot = 0;
-      while (slot < n_allocated_slots)
-        {
-          if (allocated_slots[slot] < 0)
-            {
-              allocated_slots[slot] = slot;
-              n_used_slots += 1;
-              break;
-            }
-          ++slot;
-        }
-
-      _dbus_assert (slot < n_allocated_slots);
-    }
-  else
-    {
-      int *tmp;
-      
-      slot = -1;
-      tmp = dbus_realloc (allocated_slots,
-                          sizeof (int) * (n_allocated_slots + 1));
-      if (tmp == NULL)
-        goto out;
-
-      allocated_slots = tmp;
-      slot = n_allocated_slots;
-      n_allocated_slots += 1;
-      n_used_slots += 1;
-      allocated_slots[slot] = slot;
-    }
-
-  _dbus_assert (slot >= 0);
-  _dbus_assert (slot < n_allocated_slots);
-  
- out:
-  dbus_static_mutex_unlock (&allocated_slots_lock);
-  return slot;
+  return _dbus_data_slot_allocator_alloc (&slot_allocator,
+                                          _DBUS_LOCK_NAME (connection_slots),
+                                          slot_p);
 }
 
 /**
  * Deallocates a global ID for connection data slots.
- * dbus_connection_get_data() and dbus_connection_set_data()
- * may no longer be used with this slot.
- * Existing data stored on existing DBusConnection objects
- * will be freed when the connection is finalized,
- * but may not be retrieved (and may only be replaced
- * if someone else reallocates the slot).
+ * dbus_connection_get_data() and dbus_connection_set_data() may no
+ * longer be used with this slot.  Existing data stored on existing
+ * DBusConnection objects will be freed when the connection is
+ * finalized, but may not be retrieved (and may only be replaced if
+ * someone else reallocates the slot).  When the refcount on the
+ * passed-in slot reaches 0, it is set to -1.
  *
- * @param slot the slot to deallocate
+ * @param slot_p address storing the slot to deallocate
  */
 void
-dbus_connection_free_data_slot (int slot)
+dbus_connection_free_data_slot (dbus_int32_t *slot_p)
 {
-  dbus_static_mutex_lock (&allocated_slots_lock);
-
-  _dbus_assert (slot < n_allocated_slots);
-  _dbus_assert (allocated_slots[slot] == slot);
-  
-  allocated_slots[slot] = -1;
-  n_used_slots -= 1;
-
-  if (n_used_slots == 0)
-    {
-      dbus_free (allocated_slots);
-      allocated_slots = NULL;
-      n_allocated_slots = 0;
-    }
+  _dbus_return_if_fail (*slot_p >= 0);
   
-  dbus_static_mutex_unlock (&allocated_slots_lock);
+  _dbus_data_slot_allocator_free (&slot_allocator, slot_p);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1364,43 +3330,34 @@ dbus_connection_free_data_slot (int slot)
  */
 dbus_bool_t
 dbus_connection_set_data (DBusConnection   *connection,
-                          int               slot,
+                          dbus_int32_t      slot,
                           void             *data,
                           DBusFreeFunction  free_data_func)
 {
-  _dbus_assert (slot < n_allocated_slots);
-  _dbus_assert (allocated_slots[slot] == slot);
+  DBusFreeFunction old_free_func;
+  void *old_data;
+  dbus_bool_t retval;
+
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (connection != NULL, FALSE);
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (slot >= 0, FALSE);
   
-  if (slot >= connection->n_slots)
-    {
-      DBusDataSlot *tmp;
-      int i;
-      
-      tmp = dbus_realloc (connection->data_slots,
-                          sizeof (DBusDataSlot) * (slot + 1));
-      if (tmp == NULL)
-        return FALSE;
-      
-      connection->data_slots = tmp;
-      i = connection->n_slots;
-      connection->n_slots = slot + 1;
-      while (i < connection->n_slots)
-        {
-          connection->data_slots[i].data = NULL;
-          connection->data_slots[i].free_data_func = NULL;
-          ++i;
-        }
-    }
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
 
-  _dbus_assert (slot < connection->n_slots);
+  retval = _dbus_data_slot_list_set (&slot_allocator,
+                                     &connection->slot_list,
+                                     slot, data, free_data_func,
+                                     &old_free_func, &old_data);
   
-  if (connection->data_slots[slot].free_data_func)
-    (* connection->data_slots[slot].free_data_func) (connection->data_slots[slot].data);
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
 
-  connection->data_slots[slot].data = data;
-  connection->data_slots[slot].free_data_func = free_data_func;
+  if (retval)
+    {
+      /* Do the actual free outside the connection lock */
+      if (old_free_func)
+        (* old_free_func) (old_data);
+    }
 
-  return TRUE;
+  return retval;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1413,35 +3370,33 @@ dbus_connection_set_data (DBusConnection   *connection,
  */
 void*
 dbus_connection_get_data (DBusConnection   *connection,
-                          int               slot)
+                          dbus_int32_t      slot)
 {
-  _dbus_assert (slot < n_allocated_slots);
-  _dbus_assert (allocated_slots[slot] == slot);
-
-  if (slot >= connection->n_slots)
-    return NULL;
+  void *res;
 
-  return connection->data_slots[slot].data;
-}
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (connection != NULL, NULL);
+  
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
 
-static void
-_dbus_connection_free_data_slots (DBusConnection *connection)
-{
-  int i;
+  res = _dbus_data_slot_list_get (&slot_allocator,
+                                  &connection->slot_list,
+                                  slot);
+  
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
 
-  i = 0;
-  while (i < connection->n_slots)
-    {
-      if (connection->data_slots[i].free_data_func)
-        (* connection->data_slots[i].free_data_func) (connection->data_slots[i].data);
-      connection->data_slots[i].data = NULL;
-      connection->data_slots[i].free_data_func = NULL;
-      ++i;
-    }
+  return res;
+}
 
-  dbus_free (connection->data_slots);
-  connection->data_slots = NULL;
-  connection->n_slots = 0;
+/**
+ * This function sets a global flag for whether dbus_connection_new()
+ * will set SIGPIPE behavior to SIG_IGN.
+ *
+ * @param will_modify_sigpipe #TRUE to allow sigpipe to be set to SIG_IGN
+ */
+void
+dbus_connection_set_change_sigpipe (dbus_bool_t will_modify_sigpipe)
+{  
+  _dbus_modify_sigpipe = will_modify_sigpipe != FALSE;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1456,8 +3411,12 @@ void
 dbus_connection_set_max_message_size (DBusConnection *connection,
                                       long            size)
 {
+  _dbus_return_if_fail (connection != NULL);
+  
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
   _dbus_transport_set_max_message_size (connection->transport,
                                         size);
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1469,7 +3428,14 @@ dbus_connection_set_max_message_size (DBusConnection *connection,
 long
 dbus_connection_get_max_message_size (DBusConnection *connection)
 {
-  return _dbus_transport_get_max_message_size (connection->transport);
+  long res;
+
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (connection != NULL, 0);
+  
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+  res = _dbus_transport_get_max_message_size (connection->transport);
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
+  return res;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1491,27 +3457,64 @@ dbus_connection_get_max_message_size (DBusConnection *connection)
  * and that contains a half-dozen small messages, we may exceed the
  * size max by that amount. But this should be inconsequential.
  *
+ * This does imply that we can't call read() with a buffer larger
+ * than we're willing to exceed this limit by.
+ *
  * @param connection the connection
  * @param size the maximum size in bytes of all outstanding messages
  */
 void
-dbus_connection_set_max_live_messages_size (DBusConnection *connection,
-                                            long            size)
+dbus_connection_set_max_received_size (DBusConnection *connection,
+                                       long            size)
 {
-  _dbus_transport_set_max_live_messages_size (connection->transport,
-                                              size);
+  _dbus_return_if_fail (connection != NULL);
+  
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+  _dbus_transport_set_max_received_size (connection->transport,
+                                         size);
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
 }
 
 /**
- * Gets the value set by dbus_connection_set_max_live_messages_size().
+ * Gets the value set by dbus_connection_set_max_received_size().
  *
  * @param connection the connection
  * @returns the max size of all live messages
  */
 long
-dbus_connection_get_max_live_messages_size (DBusConnection *connection)
+dbus_connection_get_max_received_size (DBusConnection *connection)
+{
+  long res;
+
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (connection != NULL, 0);
+  
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+  res = _dbus_transport_get_max_received_size (connection->transport);
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
+  return res;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Gets the approximate size in bytes of all messages in the outgoing
+ * message queue. The size is approximate in that you shouldn't use
+ * it to decide how many bytes to read off the network or anything
+ * of that nature, as optimizations may choose to tell small white lies
+ * to avoid performance overhead.
+ *
+ * @param connection the connection
+ * @returns the number of bytes that have been queued up but not sent
+ */
+long
+dbus_connection_get_outgoing_size (DBusConnection *connection)
 {
-  return _dbus_transport_get_max_live_messages_size (connection->transport);
+  long res;
+
+  _dbus_return_val_if_fail (connection != NULL, 0);
+  
+  CONNECTION_LOCK (connection);
+  res = _dbus_counter_get_value (connection->outgoing_counter);
+  CONNECTION_UNLOCK (connection);
+  return res;
 }
 
 /** @} */