Bump to version 1.22.1
[platform/upstream/busybox.git] / coreutils / tail.c
index 9232356..eab502b 100644 (file)
 /* vi: set sw=4 ts=4: */
-#include "internal.h"
-
-/* This file contains _two_ implementations of tail.  One is
- * a bit more full featured, but costs 6k.  The other (i.e. the
- * SIMPLE_TAIL one) is less capable, but is good enough for about
- * 99% of the things folks want to use tail for, and only costs 2k.
+/*
+ * Mini tail implementation for busybox
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2001 by Matt Kraai <kraai@alumni.carnegiemellon.edu>
+ *
+ * Licensed under GPLv2 or later, see file LICENSE in this source tree.
  */
 
-
-#ifdef BB_FEATURE_SIMPLE_TAIL
-
-/* tail -- output the last part of file(s)
-   Copyright (C) 89, 90, 91, 95, 1996 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
-   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
-   any later version.
-
-   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-   GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
-   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
-
-   Original version by Paul Rubin <phr@ocf.berkeley.edu>.
-   Extensions by David MacKenzie <djm@gnu.ai.mit.edu>.
-   tail -f for multiple files by Ian Lance Taylor <ian@airs.com>.  
-
-   Rewrote the option parser, removed locales support,
-    and generally busyboxed, Erik Andersen <andersen@lineo.com>
-
-   Removed superfluous options and associated code ("-c", "-n", "-q").
-   Removed "tail -f" support for multiple files.
-   Both changes by Friedrich Vedder <fwv@myrtle.lahn.de>.
-
+/* BB_AUDIT SUSv3 compliant (need fancy for -c) */
+/* BB_AUDIT GNU compatible -c, -q, and -v options in 'fancy' configuration. */
+/* http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007904975/utilities/tail.html */
+
+/* Mar 16, 2003      Manuel Novoa III   (mjn3@codepoet.org)
+ *
+ * Pretty much rewritten to fix numerous bugs and reduce realloc() calls.
+ * Bugs fixed (although I may have forgotten one or two... it was pretty bad)
+ * 1) mixing printf/write without fflush()ing stdout
+ * 2) no check that any open files are present
+ * 3) optstring had -q taking an arg
+ * 4) no error checking on write in some cases, and a warning even then
+ * 5) q and s interaction bug
+ * 6) no check for lseek error
+ * 7) lseek attempted when count==0 even if arg was +0 (from top)
  */
 
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <ctype.h>
-#define BB_DECLARE_EXTERN
-#define bb_need_help
-#include "messages.c"
-
-
-#define XWRITE(fd, buffer, n_bytes)                                    \
-  do {                                                                 \
-      if (n_bytes > 0 && fwrite ((buffer), 1, (n_bytes), stdout) == 0) \
-         errorMsg("write error");                                      \
-  } while (0)
-
-/* Number of items to tail.  */
-#define DEFAULT_N_LINES 10
-
-/* Size of atomic reads.  */
-#ifndef BUFSIZ
-#define BUFSIZ (512 * 8)
-#endif
-
-/* If nonzero, read from the end of one file until killed.  */
-static int forever;
-
-/* If nonzero, print filename headers.  */
-static int print_headers;
-
-const char tail_usage[] =
-       "tail [OPTION] [FILE]...\n"
-#ifndef BB_FEATURE_TRIVIAL_HELP
-       "\nPrint last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.\n"
-       "With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the\n"
-       "file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.\n\n"
-       "Options:\n"
-       "\t-n NUM\t\tPrint last NUM lines instead of first 10\n"
-
-       "\t-f\t\tOutput data as the file grows.  This version\n"
-       "\t\t\tof 'tail -f' supports only one file at a time.\n"
-#endif
-       ;
-
-
-static void write_header(const char *filename)
-{
-       static int first_file = 1;
-
-       printf("%s==> %s <==\n", (first_file ? "" : "\n"), filename);
-       first_file = 0;
-}
-
-/* Print the last N_LINES lines from the end of file FD.
-   Go backward through the file, reading `BUFSIZ' bytes at a time (except
-   probably the first), until we hit the start of the file or have
-   read NUMBER newlines.
-   POS starts out as the length of the file (the offset of the last
-   byte of the file + 1).
-   Return 0 if successful, 1 if an error occurred.  */
-
-static int
-file_lines(int fd, long int n_lines, off_t pos)
-{
-       char buffer[BUFSIZ];
-       int bytes_read;
-       int i;                                          /* Index into `buffer' for scanning.  */
-
-       if (n_lines == 0)
-               return 0;
-
-       /* Set `bytes_read' to the size of the last, probably partial, buffer;
-          0 < `bytes_read' <= `BUFSIZ'.  */
-       bytes_read = pos % BUFSIZ;
-       if (bytes_read == 0)
-               bytes_read = BUFSIZ;
-       /* Make `pos' a multiple of `BUFSIZ' (0 if the file is short), so that all
-          reads will be on block boundaries, which might increase efficiency.  */
-       pos -= bytes_read;
-       lseek(fd, pos, SEEK_SET);
-       bytes_read = fullRead(fd, buffer, bytes_read);
-       if (bytes_read == -1)
-               errorMsg("read error");
-
-       /* Count the incomplete line on files that don't end with a newline.  */
-       if (bytes_read && buffer[bytes_read - 1] != '\n')
-               --n_lines;
-
-       do {
-               /* Scan backward, counting the newlines in this bufferfull.  */
-               for (i = bytes_read - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-                       /* Have we counted the requested number of newlines yet?  */
-                       if (buffer[i] == '\n' && n_lines-- == 0) {
-                               /* If this newline wasn't the last character in the buffer,
-                                  print the text after it.  */
-                               if (i != bytes_read - 1)
-                                       XWRITE(STDOUT_FILENO, &buffer[i + 1],
-                                                  bytes_read - (i + 1));
-                               return 0;
-                       }
-               }
-               /* Not enough newlines in that bufferfull.  */
-               if (pos == 0) {
-                       /* Not enough lines in the file; print the entire file.  */
-                       lseek(fd, (off_t) 0, SEEK_SET);
-                       return 0;
-               }
-               pos -= BUFSIZ;
-               lseek(fd, pos, SEEK_SET);
-       }
-       while ((bytes_read = fullRead(fd, buffer, BUFSIZ)) > 0);
-       if (bytes_read == -1)
-               errorMsg("read error");
-
-       return 0;
-}
-
-/* Print the last N_LINES lines from the end of the standard input,
-   open for reading as pipe FD.
-   Buffer the text as a linked list of LBUFFERs, adding them as needed.
-   Return 0 if successful, 1 if an error occured.  */
-
-static int pipe_lines(int fd, long int n_lines)
+//kbuild:lib-$(CONFIG_TAIL) += tail.o
+
+//usage:#define tail_trivial_usage
+//usage:       "[OPTIONS] [FILE]..."
+//usage:#define tail_full_usage "\n\n"
+//usage:       "Print last 10 lines of each FILE (or stdin) to stdout.\n"
+//usage:       "With more than one FILE, precede each with a filename header.\n"
+//usage:     "\n       -f              Print data as file grows"
+//usage:       IF_FEATURE_FANCY_TAIL(
+//usage:     "\n       -s SECONDS      Wait SECONDS between reads with -f"
+//usage:       )
+//usage:     "\n       -n N[kbm]       Print last N lines"
+//usage:     "\n       -n +N[kbm]      Start on Nth line and print the rest"
+//usage:       IF_FEATURE_FANCY_TAIL(
+//usage:     "\n       -c [+]N[kbm]    Print last N bytes"
+//usage:     "\n       -q              Never print headers"
+//usage:     "\n       -v              Always print headers"
+//usage:     "\n"
+//usage:     "\nN may be suffixed by k (x1024), b (x512), or m (x1024^2)."
+//usage:       )
+//usage:
+//usage:#define tail_example_usage
+//usage:       "$ tail -n 1 /etc/resolv.conf\n"
+//usage:       "nameserver 10.0.0.1\n"
+
+#include "libbb.h"
+
+struct globals {
+       bool from_top;
+       bool exitcode;
+} FIX_ALIASING;
+#define G (*(struct globals*)&bb_common_bufsiz1)
+#define INIT_G() do { } while (0)
+
+static void tail_xprint_header(const char *fmt, const char *filename)
 {
-       struct linebuffer {
-               int nbytes, nlines;
-               char buffer[BUFSIZ];
-               struct linebuffer *next;
-       };
-       typedef struct linebuffer LBUFFER;
-       LBUFFER *first, *last, *tmp;
-       int i;                                          /* Index into buffers.  */
-       int total_lines = 0;            /* Total number of newlines in all buffers.  */
-       int errors = 0;
-
-       first = last = (LBUFFER *) xmalloc(sizeof(LBUFFER));
-       first->nbytes = first->nlines = 0;
-       first->next = NULL;
-       tmp = (LBUFFER *) xmalloc(sizeof(LBUFFER));
-
-       /* Input is always read into a fresh buffer.  */
-       while ((tmp->nbytes = fullRead(fd, tmp->buffer, BUFSIZ)) > 0) {
-               tmp->nlines = 0;
-               tmp->next = NULL;
-
-               /* Count the number of newlines just read.  */
-               for (i = 0; i < tmp->nbytes; i++)
-                       if (tmp->buffer[i] == '\n')
-                               ++tmp->nlines;
-               total_lines += tmp->nlines;
-
-               /* If there is enough room in the last buffer read, just append the new
-                  one to it.  This is because when reading from a pipe, `nbytes' can
-                  often be very small.  */
-               if (tmp->nbytes + last->nbytes < BUFSIZ) {
-                       memcpy(&last->buffer[last->nbytes], tmp->buffer, tmp->nbytes);
-                       last->nbytes += tmp->nbytes;
-                       last->nlines += tmp->nlines;
-               } else {
-                       /* If there's not enough room, link the new buffer onto the end of
-                          the list, then either free up the oldest buffer for the next
-                          read if that would leave enough lines, or else malloc a new one.
-                          Some compaction mechanism is possible but probably not
-                          worthwhile.  */
-                       last = last->next = tmp;
-                       if (total_lines - first->nlines > n_lines) {
-                               tmp = first;
-                               total_lines -= first->nlines;
-                               first = first->next;
-                       } else
-                               tmp = (LBUFFER *) xmalloc(sizeof(LBUFFER));
-               }
-       }
-       if (tmp->nbytes == -1)
-               errorMsg("read error");
-
-       free((char *) tmp);
-
-       /* This prevents a core dump when the pipe contains no newlines.  */
-       if (n_lines == 0)
-               goto free_lbuffers;
-
-       /* Count the incomplete line on files that don't end with a newline.  */
-       if (last->buffer[last->nbytes - 1] != '\n') {
-               ++last->nlines;
-               ++total_lines;
-       }
-
-       /* Run through the list, printing lines.  First, skip over unneeded
-          buffers.  */
-       for (tmp = first; total_lines - tmp->nlines > n_lines; tmp = tmp->next)
-               total_lines -= tmp->nlines;
-
-       /* Find the correct beginning, then print the rest of the file.  */
-       if (total_lines > n_lines) {
-               char *cp;
-
-               /* Skip `total_lines' - `n_lines' newlines.  We made sure that
-                  `total_lines' - `n_lines' <= `tmp->nlines'.  */
-               cp = tmp->buffer;
-               for (i = total_lines - n_lines; i; --i)
-                       while (*cp++ != '\n')
-                               /* Do nothing.  */ ;
-               i = cp - tmp->buffer;
-       } else
-               i = 0;
-       XWRITE(STDOUT_FILENO, &tmp->buffer[i], tmp->nbytes - i);
-
-       for (tmp = tmp->next; tmp; tmp = tmp->next)
-               XWRITE(STDOUT_FILENO, tmp->buffer, tmp->nbytes);
-
-  free_lbuffers:
-       while (first) {
-               tmp = first->next;
-               free((char *) first);
-               first = tmp;
-       }
-       return errors;
+       if (fdprintf(STDOUT_FILENO, fmt, filename) < 0)
+               bb_perror_nomsg_and_die();
 }
 
-/* Display file FILENAME from the current position in FD to the end.
-   If `forever' is nonzero, keep reading from the end of the file
-   until killed.  Return the number of bytes read from the file.  */
-
-static long dump_remainder(int fd)
+static ssize_t tail_read(int fd, char *buf, size_t count)
 {
-       char buffer[BUFSIZ];
-       int bytes_read;
-       long total;
+       ssize_t r;
 
-       total = 0;
-  output:
-       while ((bytes_read = fullRead(fd, buffer, BUFSIZ)) > 0) {
-               XWRITE(STDOUT_FILENO, buffer, bytes_read);
-               total += bytes_read;
-       }
-       if (bytes_read == -1)
-               errorMsg("read error");
-       if (forever) {
-               fflush(stdout);
-               sleep(1);
-               goto output;
+       r = full_read(fd, buf, count);
+       if (r < 0) {
+               bb_perror_msg(bb_msg_read_error);
+               G.exitcode = EXIT_FAILURE;
        }
 
-       return total;
+       return r;
 }
 
-/* Output the last N_LINES lines of file FILENAME open for reading in FD.
-   Return 0 if successful, 1 if an error occurred.  */
+#define header_fmt_str "\n==> %s <==\n"
 
-static int tail_lines(const char *filename, int fd, long int n_lines)
+static unsigned eat_num(const char *p)
 {
-       struct stat stats;
-       off_t length;
-
-       if (print_headers)
-               write_header(filename);
-
-       if (fstat(fd, &stats))
-               errorMsg("fstat error");
-
-       /* Use file_lines only if FD refers to a regular file with
-          its file pointer positioned at beginning of file.  */
-       /* FIXME: adding the lseek conjunct is a kludge.
-          Once there's a reasonable test suite, fix the true culprit:
-          file_lines.  file_lines shouldn't presume that the input
-          file pointer is initially positioned to beginning of file.  */
-       if (S_ISREG(stats.st_mode)
-               && lseek(fd, (off_t) 0, SEEK_CUR) == (off_t) 0) {
-               length = lseek(fd, (off_t) 0, SEEK_END);
-               if (length != 0 && file_lines(fd, n_lines, length))
-                       return 1;
-               dump_remainder(fd);
-       } else
-               return pipe_lines(fd, n_lines);
-
-       return 0;
-}
-
-/* Display the last N_UNITS lines of file FILENAME.
-   "-" for FILENAME means the standard input.
-   Return 0 if successful, 1 if an error occurred.  */
-
-static int tail_file(const char *filename, off_t n_units)
-{
-       int fd, errors;
-
-       if (!strcmp(filename, "-")) {
-               filename = "standard input";
-               errors = tail_lines(filename, 0, (long) n_units);
-       } else {
-               /* Not standard input.  */
-               fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
-               if (fd == -1)
-                       perror(filename);
-
-               errors = tail_lines(filename, fd, (long) n_units);
-               close(fd);
+       if (*p == '-')
+               p++;
+       else if (*p == '+') {
+               p++;
+               G.from_top = 1;
        }
-
-       return errors;
+       return xatou_sfx(p, bkm_suffixes);
 }
 
-extern int tail_main(int argc, char **argv)
+int tail_main(int argc, char **argv) MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE;
+int tail_main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
-       int exit_status = 0;
-       int n_units = DEFAULT_N_LINES;
-       int n_tmp, i;
-       char opt;
-
-       forever = print_headers = 0;
-
-       /* parse argv[] */
-       for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
-               if (argv[i][0] == '-') {
-                       opt = argv[i][1];
-                       switch (opt) {
-                       case 'f':
-                               forever = 1;
-                               break;
-                       case 'n':
-                               n_tmp = 0;
-                               if (++i < argc)
-                                       n_tmp = atoi(argv[i]);
-                               if (n_tmp < 1)
-                                       usage(tail_usage);
-                               n_units = n_tmp;
-                               break;
-                       case '-':
-                       case 'h':
-                               usage(tail_usage);
-                       default:
-                               if ((n_units = atoi(&argv[i][1])) < 1) {
-                                       errorMsg("invalid option -- %c\n", opt);
-                                       usage(tail_usage);
-                               }
-                       }
-               } else {
-                       break;
-               }
-       }
-
-       if (i + 1 < argc) {
-               if (forever) {
-                       errorMsg("option -f is invalid with multiple files\n");
-                       usage(tail_usage);
-               }
-               print_headers = 1;
-       }
-
-       if (i >= argc) {
-               exit_status |= tail_file("-", n_units);
-       } else {
-               for (; i < argc; i++)
-                       exit_status |= tail_file(argv[i], n_units);
+       unsigned count = 10;
+       unsigned sleep_period = 1;
+       const char *str_c, *str_n;
+
+       char *tailbuf;
+       size_t tailbufsize;
+       unsigned header_threshhold = 1;
+       unsigned nfiles;
+       int i, opt;
+
+       int *fds;
+       const char *fmt;
+       int prev_fd;
+
+       INIT_G();
+
+#if ENABLE_INCLUDE_SUSv2 || ENABLE_FEATURE_FANCY_TAIL
+       /* Allow legacy syntax of an initial numeric option without -n. */
+       if (argv[1] && (argv[1][0] == '+' || argv[1][0] == '-')
+        && isdigit(argv[1][1])
+       ) {
+               count = eat_num(argv[1]);
+               argv++;
+               argc--;
        }
-
-       return(exit_status == 0 ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE);
-}
-
-
-#else
-// Here follows the code for the full featured tail code
-
-
-/* tail -- output the last part of file(s)
-   Copyright (C) 89, 90, 91, 95, 1996 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
-   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
-   any later version.
-
-   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-   GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
-   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
-
-   Original version by Paul Rubin <phr@ocf.berkeley.edu>.
-   Extensions by David MacKenzie <djm@gnu.ai.mit.edu>.
-   tail -f for multiple files by Ian Lance Taylor <ian@airs.com>.  
-
-   Rewrote the option parser, removed locales support,
-    and generally busyboxed, Erik Andersen <andersen@lineo.com>
- */
-
-#include "internal.h"
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <ctype.h>
-
-
-
-/* Disable assertions.  Some systems have broken assert macros.  */
-#define NDEBUG 1
-
-
-static void detailed_error(int i, int errnum, char *fmt, ...)
-                         __attribute__ ((format (printf, 3, 4)));
-static void detailed_error(int i, int errnum, char *fmt, ...)
-{
-       va_list arguments;
-
-       va_start(arguments, fmt);
-       vfprintf(stderr, fmt, arguments);
-       fprintf(stderr, "\n%s\n", strerror(errnum));
-       va_end(arguments);
-       exit(i);
-}
-
-
-#define XWRITE(fd, buffer, n_bytes)                                    \
-  do                                                                   \
-    {                                                                  \
-      assert ((fd) == 1);                                              \
-      assert ((n_bytes) >= 0);                                         \
-      if (n_bytes > 0 && fwrite ((buffer), 1, (n_bytes), stdout) == 0) \
-       detailed_error (EXIT_FAILURE, errno, "write error");                    \
-    }                                                                  \
-  while (0)
-
-/* Number of items to tail.  */
-#define DEFAULT_N_LINES 10
-
-/* Size of atomic reads.  */
-#ifndef BUFSIZ
-#define BUFSIZ (512 * 8)
 #endif
 
-/* If nonzero, interpret the numeric argument as the number of lines.
-   Otherwise, interpret it as the number of bytes.  */
-static int count_lines;
-
-/* If nonzero, read from the end of one file until killed.  */
-static int forever;
-
-/* If nonzero, read from the end of multiple files until killed.  */
-static int forever_multiple;
-
-/* Array of file descriptors if forever_multiple is 1.  */
-static int *file_descs;
-
-/* Array of file sizes if forever_multiple is 1.  */
-static off_t *file_sizes;
-
-/* If nonzero, count from start of file instead of end.  */
-static int from_start;
-
-/* If nonzero, print filename headers.  */
-static int print_headers;
-
-/* When to print the filename banners.  */
-enum header_mode {
-       multiple_files, always, never
-};
-
-/* The name this program was run with.  */
-char *program_name;
-
-/* Nonzero if we have ever read standard input.  */
-static int have_read_stdin;
-
-
-static const char tail_usage[] = "tail [OPTION]... [FILE]...\n"
-#ifndef BB_FEATURE_TRIVIAL_HELP
-"\nPrint last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.\n\
-With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.\n\
-With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.\n\
-\n\
-  -c=N[kbm]       output the last N bytes\n\
-  -f              output appended data as the file grows\n\
-  -n=N            output the last N lines, instead of last 10\n\
-  -q              never output headers giving file names\n\
-  -v              always output headers giving file names\n\
-\n\
-If the first character of N (bytes or lines) is a `+', output begins with \n\
-the Nth item from the start of each file, otherwise, print the last N items\n\
-in the file.  N bytes may be suffixed by k (x1024), b (x512), or m (1024^2).\n"
+       /* -s NUM, -F imlies -f */
+       IF_FEATURE_FANCY_TAIL(opt_complementary = "s+:Ff";)
+       opt = getopt32(argv, "fc:n:" IF_FEATURE_FANCY_TAIL("qs:vF"),
+                       &str_c, &str_n IF_FEATURE_FANCY_TAIL(,&sleep_period));
+#define FOLLOW (opt & 0x1)
+#define COUNT_BYTES (opt & 0x2)
+       //if (opt & 0x1) // -f
+       if (opt & 0x2) count = eat_num(str_c); // -c
+       if (opt & 0x4) count = eat_num(str_n); // -n
+#if ENABLE_FEATURE_FANCY_TAIL
+       /* q: make it impossible for nfiles to be > header_threshhold */
+       if (opt & 0x8) header_threshhold = UINT_MAX; // -q
+       //if (opt & 0x10) // -s
+       if (opt & 0x20) header_threshhold = 0; // -v
+# define FOLLOW_RETRY (opt & 0x40)
+#else
+# define FOLLOW_RETRY 0
 #endif
-;
-
-static void write_header(const char *filename, const char *comment)
-{
-       static int first_file = 1;
-
-       printf("%s==> %s%s%s <==\n", (first_file ? "" : "\n"), filename,
-                  (comment ? ": " : ""), (comment ? comment : ""));
-       first_file = 0;
-}
-
-/* Print the last N_LINES lines from the end of file FD.
-   Go backward through the file, reading `BUFSIZ' bytes at a time (except
-   probably the first), until we hit the start of the file or have
-   read NUMBER newlines.
-   POS starts out as the length of the file (the offset of the last
-   byte of the file + 1).
-   Return 0 if successful, 1 if an error occurred.  */
-
-static int
-file_lines(const char *filename, int fd, long int n_lines, off_t pos)
-{
-       char buffer[BUFSIZ];
-       int bytes_read;
-       int i;                                          /* Index into `buffer' for scanning.  */
-
-       if (n_lines == 0)
-               return 0;
-
-       /* Set `bytes_read' to the size of the last, probably partial, buffer;
-          0 < `bytes_read' <= `BUFSIZ'.  */
-       bytes_read = pos % BUFSIZ;
-       if (bytes_read == 0)
-               bytes_read = BUFSIZ;
-       /* Make `pos' a multiple of `BUFSIZ' (0 if the file is short), so that all
-          reads will be on block boundaries, which might increase efficiency.  */
-       pos -= bytes_read;
-       lseek(fd, pos, SEEK_SET);
-       bytes_read = fullRead(fd, buffer, bytes_read);
-       if (bytes_read == -1) {
-               detailed_error(0, errno, "%s", filename);
-               return 1;
+       argc -= optind;
+       argv += optind;
+
+       /* open all the files */
+       fds = xmalloc(sizeof(fds[0]) * (argc + 1));
+       if (!argv[0]) {
+               struct stat statbuf;
+
+               if (fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &statbuf) == 0
+                && S_ISFIFO(statbuf.st_mode)
+               ) {
+                       opt &= ~1; /* clear FOLLOW */
+               }
+               argv[0] = (char *) bb_msg_standard_input;
        }
-
-       /* Count the incomplete line on files that don't end with a newline.  */
-       if (bytes_read && buffer[bytes_read - 1] != '\n')
-               --n_lines;
-
+       nfiles = i = 0;
        do {
-               /* Scan backward, counting the newlines in this bufferfull.  */
-               for (i = bytes_read - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-                       /* Have we counted the requested number of newlines yet?  */
-                       if (buffer[i] == '\n' && n_lines-- == 0) {
-                               /* If this newline wasn't the last character in the buffer,
-                                  print the text after it.  */
-                               if (i != bytes_read - 1)
-                                       XWRITE(STDOUT_FILENO, &buffer[i + 1],
-                                                  bytes_read - (i + 1));
-                               return 0;
-                       }
+               int fd = open_or_warn_stdin(argv[i]);
+               if (fd < 0 && !FOLLOW_RETRY) {
+                       G.exitcode = EXIT_FAILURE;
+                       continue;
                }
-               /* Not enough newlines in that bufferfull.  */
-               if (pos == 0) {
-                       /* Not enough lines in the file; print the entire file.  */
-                       lseek(fd, (off_t) 0, SEEK_SET);
-                       return 0;
-               }
-               pos -= BUFSIZ;
-               lseek(fd, pos, SEEK_SET);
-       }
-       while ((bytes_read = fullRead(fd, buffer, BUFSIZ)) > 0);
-       if (bytes_read == -1) {
-               detailed_error(0, errno, "%s", filename);
-               return 1;
-       }
-       return 0;
-}
-
-/* Print the last N_LINES lines from the end of the standard input,
-   open for reading as pipe FD.
-   Buffer the text as a linked list of LBUFFERs, adding them as needed.
-   Return 0 if successful, 1 if an error occured.  */
-
-static int pipe_lines(int fd, long int n_lines)
-{
-       struct linebuffer {
-               int nbytes, nlines;
-               char buffer[BUFSIZ];
-               struct linebuffer *next;
-       };
-       typedef struct linebuffer LBUFFER;
-       LBUFFER *first, *last, *tmp;
-       int i;                                          /* Index into buffers.  */
-       int total_lines = 0;            /* Total number of newlines in all buffers.  */
-       int errors = 0;
-
-       first = last = (LBUFFER *) xmalloc(sizeof(LBUFFER));
-       first->nbytes = first->nlines = 0;
-       first->next = NULL;
-       tmp = (LBUFFER *) xmalloc(sizeof(LBUFFER));
-
-       /* Input is always read into a fresh buffer.  */
-       while ((tmp->nbytes = fullRead(fd, tmp->buffer, BUFSIZ)) > 0) {
-               tmp->nlines = 0;
-               tmp->next = NULL;
-
-               /* Count the number of newlines just read.  */
-               for (i = 0; i < tmp->nbytes; i++)
-                       if (tmp->buffer[i] == '\n')
-                               ++tmp->nlines;
-               total_lines += tmp->nlines;
-
-               /* If there is enough room in the last buffer read, just append the new
-                  one to it.  This is because when reading from a pipe, `nbytes' can
-                  often be very small.  */
-               if (tmp->nbytes + last->nbytes < BUFSIZ) {
-                       memcpy(&last->buffer[last->nbytes], tmp->buffer, tmp->nbytes);
-                       last->nbytes += tmp->nbytes;
-                       last->nlines += tmp->nlines;
-               } else {
-                       /* If there's not enough room, link the new buffer onto the end of
-                          the list, then either free up the oldest buffer for the next
-                          read if that would leave enough lines, or else malloc a new one.
-                          Some compaction mechanism is possible but probably not
-                          worthwhile.  */
-                       last = last->next = tmp;
-                       if (total_lines - first->nlines > n_lines) {
-                               tmp = first;
-                               total_lines -= first->nlines;
-                               first = first->next;
-                       } else
-                               tmp = (LBUFFER *) xmalloc(sizeof(LBUFFER));
+               fds[nfiles] = fd;
+               argv[nfiles++] = argv[i];
+       } while (++i < argc);
+
+       if (!nfiles)
+               bb_error_msg_and_die("no files");
+
+       /* prepare the buffer */
+       tailbufsize = BUFSIZ;
+       if (!G.from_top && COUNT_BYTES) {
+               if (tailbufsize < count + BUFSIZ) {
+                       tailbufsize = count + BUFSIZ;
                }
        }
-       if (tmp->nbytes == -1) {
-               detailed_error(0, errno, "%s", filename);
-               errors = 1;
-               free((char *) tmp);
-               goto free_lbuffers;
-       }
-
-       free((char *) tmp);
-
-       /* This prevents a core dump when the pipe contains no newlines.  */
-       if (n_lines == 0)
-               goto free_lbuffers;
-
-       /* Count the incomplete line on files that don't end with a newline.  */
-       if (last->buffer[last->nbytes - 1] != '\n') {
-               ++last->nlines;
-               ++total_lines;
-       }
-
-       /* Run through the list, printing lines.  First, skip over unneeded
-          buffers.  */
-       for (tmp = first; total_lines - tmp->nlines > n_lines; tmp = tmp->next)
-               total_lines -= tmp->nlines;
-
-       /* Find the correct beginning, then print the rest of the file.  */
-       if (total_lines > n_lines) {
-               char *cp;
-
-               /* Skip `total_lines' - `n_lines' newlines.  We made sure that
-                  `total_lines' - `n_lines' <= `tmp->nlines'.  */
-               cp = tmp->buffer;
-               for (i = total_lines - n_lines; i; --i)
-                       while (*cp++ != '\n')
-                               /* Do nothing.  */ ;
-               i = cp - tmp->buffer;
-       } else
-               i = 0;
-       XWRITE(STDOUT_FILENO, &tmp->buffer[i], tmp->nbytes - i);
-
-       for (tmp = tmp->next; tmp; tmp = tmp->next)
-               XWRITE(STDOUT_FILENO, tmp->buffer, tmp->nbytes);
-
-  free_lbuffers:
-       while (first) {
-               tmp = first->next;
-               free((char *) first);
-               first = tmp;
-       }
-       return errors;
-}
+       /* tail -c1024m REGULAR_FILE doesn't really need 1G mem block.
+        * (In fact, it doesn't need ANY memory). So delay allocation.
+        */
+       tailbuf = NULL;
 
-/* Print the last N_BYTES characters from the end of pipe FD.
-   This is a stripped down version of pipe_lines.
-   Return 0 if successful, 1 if an error occurred.  */
+       /* tail the files */
 
-static int pipe_bytes(const char *filename, int fd, off_t n_bytes)
-{
-       struct charbuffer {
-               int nbytes;
-               char buffer[BUFSIZ];
-               struct charbuffer *next;
-       };
-       typedef struct charbuffer CBUFFER;
-       CBUFFER *first, *last, *tmp;
-       int i;                                          /* Index into buffers.  */
-       int total_bytes = 0;            /* Total characters in all buffers.  */
-       int errors = 0;
-
-       first = last = (CBUFFER *) xmalloc(sizeof(CBUFFER));
-       first->nbytes = 0;
-       first->next = NULL;
-       tmp = (CBUFFER *) xmalloc(sizeof(CBUFFER));
-
-       /* Input is always read into a fresh buffer.  */
-       while ((tmp->nbytes = fullRead(fd, tmp->buffer, BUFSIZ)) > 0) {
-               tmp->next = NULL;
-
-               total_bytes += tmp->nbytes;
-               /* If there is enough room in the last buffer read, just append the new
-                  one to it.  This is because when reading from a pipe, `nbytes' can
-                  often be very small.  */
-               if (tmp->nbytes + last->nbytes < BUFSIZ) {
-                       memcpy(&last->buffer[last->nbytes], tmp->buffer, tmp->nbytes);
-                       last->nbytes += tmp->nbytes;
-               } else {
-                       /* If there's not enough room, link the new buffer onto the end of
-                          the list, then either free up the oldest buffer for the next
-                          read if that would leave enough characters, or else malloc a new
-                          one.  Some compaction mechanism is possible but probably not
-                          worthwhile.  */
-                       last = last->next = tmp;
-                       if (total_bytes - first->nbytes > n_bytes) {
-                               tmp = first;
-                               total_bytes -= first->nbytes;
-                               first = first->next;
-                       } else {
-                               tmp = (CBUFFER *) xmalloc(sizeof(CBUFFER));
-                       }
+       fmt = header_fmt_str + 1; /* skip leading newline in the header on the first output */
+       i = 0;
+       do {
+               char *buf;
+               int taillen;
+               int newlines_seen;
+               unsigned seen;
+               int nread;
+               int fd = fds[i];
+
+               if (ENABLE_FEATURE_FANCY_TAIL && fd < 0)
+                       continue; /* may happen with -F */
+
+               if (nfiles > header_threshhold) {
+                       tail_xprint_header(fmt, argv[i]);
+                       fmt = header_fmt_str;
                }
-       }
-       if (tmp->nbytes == -1) {
-               detailed_error(0, errno, "%s", filename);
-               errors = 1;
-               free((char *) tmp);
-               goto free_cbuffers;
-       }
-
-       free((char *) tmp);
-
-       /* Run through the list, printing characters.  First, skip over unneeded
-          buffers.  */
-       for (tmp = first; total_bytes - tmp->nbytes > n_bytes; tmp = tmp->next)
-               total_bytes -= tmp->nbytes;
-
-       /* Find the correct beginning, then print the rest of the file.
-          We made sure that `total_bytes' - `n_bytes' <= `tmp->nbytes'.  */
-       if (total_bytes > n_bytes)
-               i = total_bytes - n_bytes;
-       else
-               i = 0;
-       XWRITE(STDOUT_FILENO, &tmp->buffer[i], tmp->nbytes - i);
-
-       for (tmp = tmp->next; tmp; tmp = tmp->next)
-               XWRITE(STDOUT_FILENO, tmp->buffer, tmp->nbytes);
-
-  free_cbuffers:
-       while (first) {
-               tmp = first->next;
-               free((char *) first);
-               first = tmp;
-       }
-       return errors;
-}
-
-/* Skip N_BYTES characters from the start of pipe FD, and print
-   any extra characters that were read beyond that.
-   Return 1 on error, 0 if ok.  */
-
-static int start_bytes(const char *filename, int fd, off_t n_bytes)
-{
-       char buffer[BUFSIZ];
-       int bytes_read = 0;
-
-       while (n_bytes > 0 && (bytes_read = fullRead(fd, buffer, BUFSIZ)) > 0)
-               n_bytes -= bytes_read;
-       if (bytes_read == -1) {
-               detailed_error(0, errno, "%s", filename);
-               return 1;
-       } else if (n_bytes < 0)
-               XWRITE(STDOUT_FILENO, &buffer[bytes_read + n_bytes], -n_bytes);
-       return 0;
-}
-
-/* Skip N_LINES lines at the start of file or pipe FD, and print
-   any extra characters that were read beyond that.
-   Return 1 on error, 0 if ok.  */
-
-static int start_lines(const char *filename, int fd, long int n_lines)
-{
-       char buffer[BUFSIZ];
-       int bytes_read = 0;
-       int bytes_to_skip = 0;
-
-       while (n_lines && (bytes_read = fullRead(fd, buffer, BUFSIZ)) > 0) {
-               bytes_to_skip = 0;
-               while (bytes_to_skip < bytes_read)
-                       if (buffer[bytes_to_skip++] == '\n' && --n_lines == 0)
-                               break;
-       }
-       if (bytes_read == -1) {
-               detailed_error(0, errno, "%s", filename);
-               return 1;
-       } else if (bytes_to_skip < bytes_read) {
-               XWRITE(STDOUT_FILENO, &buffer[bytes_to_skip],
-                          bytes_read - bytes_to_skip);
-       }
-       return 0;
-}
-
-/* Display file FILENAME from the current position in FD to the end.
-   If `forever' is nonzero, keep reading from the end of the file
-   until killed.  Return the number of bytes read from the file.  */
-
-static long dump_remainder(int fd)
-{
-       char buffer[BUFSIZ];
-       int bytes_read;
-       long total;
-
-       total = 0;
-  output:
-       while ((bytes_read = fullRead(fd, buffer, BUFSIZ)) > 0) {
-               XWRITE(STDOUT_FILENO, buffer, bytes_read);
-               total += bytes_read;
-       }
-       if (bytes_read == -1)
-               detailed_error(EXIT_FAILURE, errno, "%s", filename);
-       if (forever) {
-               fflush(stdout);
-               sleep(1);
-               goto output;
-       } else {
-               if (forever_multiple)
-                       fflush(stdout);
-       }
-
-       return total;
-}
-
-/* Tail NFILES (>1) files forever until killed.  The file names are in
-   NAMES.  The open file descriptors are in `file_descs', and the size
-   at which we stopped tailing them is in `file_sizes'.  We loop over
-   each of them, doing an fstat to see if they have changed size.  If
-   none of them have changed size in one iteration, we sleep for a
-   second and try again.  We do this until the user interrupts us.  */
-
-static void tail_forever(char **names, int nfiles)
-{
-       int last;
-
-       last = -1;
-
-       while (1) {
-               int i;
-               int changed;
-
-               changed = 0;
-               for (i = 0; i < nfiles; i++) {
-                       struct stat stats;
-
-                       if (file_descs[i] < 0)
-                               continue;
-                       if (fstat(file_descs[i], &stats) < 0) {
-                               detailed_error(0, errno, "%s", names[i]);
-                               file_descs[i] = -1;
-                               continue;
-                       }
-                       if (stats.st_size == file_sizes[i])
-                               continue;
-
-                       /* This file has changed size.  Print out what we can, and
-                          then keep looping.  */
-
-                       changed = 1;
-
-                       if (stats.st_size < file_sizes[i]) {
-                               write_header(names[i], "file truncated");
-                               last = i;
-                               lseek(file_descs[i], stats.st_size, SEEK_SET);
-                               file_sizes[i] = stats.st_size;
-                               continue;
-                       }
 
-                       if (i != last) {
-                               if (print_headers)
-                                       write_header(names[i], NULL);
-                               last = i;
+               if (!G.from_top) {
+                       off_t current = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END);
+                       if (current > 0) {
+                               unsigned off;
+                               if (COUNT_BYTES) {
+                               /* Optimizing count-bytes case if the file is seekable.
+                                * Beware of backing up too far.
+                                * Also we exclude files with size 0 (because of /proc/xxx) */
+                                       if (count == 0)
+                                               continue; /* showing zero bytes is easy :) */
+                                       current -= count;
+                                       if (current < 0)
+                                               current = 0;
+                                       xlseek(fd, current, SEEK_SET);
+                                       bb_copyfd_size(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, count);
+                                       continue;
+                               }
+#if 1 /* This is technically incorrect for *LONG* strings, but very useful */
+                               /* Optimizing count-lines case if the file is seekable.
+                                * We assume the lines are <64k.
+                                * (Users complain that tail takes too long
+                                * on multi-gigabyte files) */
+                               off = (count | 0xf); /* for small counts, be more paranoid */
+                               if (off > (INT_MAX / (64*1024)))
+                                       off = (INT_MAX / (64*1024));
+                               current -= off * (64*1024);
+                               if (current < 0)
+                                       current = 0;
+                               xlseek(fd, current, SEEK_SET);
+#endif
                        }
-                       file_sizes[i] += dump_remainder(file_descs[i]);
                }
 
-               /* If none of the files changed size, sleep.  */
-               if (!changed)
-                       sleep(1);
-       }
-}
-
-/* Output the last N_BYTES bytes of file FILENAME open for reading in FD.
-   Return 0 if successful, 1 if an error occurred.  */
-
-static int tail_bytes(const char *filename, int fd, off_t n_bytes)
-{
-       struct stat stats;
-
-       /* FIXME: resolve this like in dd.c.  */
-       /* Use fstat instead of checking for errno == ESPIPE because
-          lseek doesn't work on some special files but doesn't return an
-          error, either.  */
-       if (fstat(fd, &stats)) {
-               detailed_error(0, errno, "%s", filename);
-               return 1;
-       }
-
-       if (from_start) {
-               if (S_ISREG(stats.st_mode))
-                       lseek(fd, n_bytes, SEEK_CUR);
-               else if (start_bytes(filename, fd, n_bytes))
-                       return 1;
-               dump_remainder(fd);
-       } else {
-               if (S_ISREG(stats.st_mode)) {
-                       off_t current_pos, end_pos;
-                       size_t bytes_remaining;
-
-                       if ((current_pos = lseek(fd, (off_t) 0, SEEK_CUR)) != -1
-                               && (end_pos = lseek(fd, (off_t) 0, SEEK_END)) != -1) {
-                               off_t diff;
-
-                               /* Be careful here.  The current position may actually be
-                                  beyond the end of the file.  */
-                               bytes_remaining = (diff =
-                                                                  end_pos - current_pos) < 0 ? 0 : diff;
-                       } else {
-                               detailed_error(0, errno, "%s", filename);
-                               return 1;
-                       }
-
-                       if (bytes_remaining <= n_bytes) {
-                               /* From the current position to end of file, there are no
-                                  more bytes than have been requested.  So reposition the
-                                  file pointer to the incoming current position and print
-                                  everything after that.  */
-                               lseek(fd, current_pos, SEEK_SET);
-                       } else {
-                               /* There are more bytes remaining than were requested.
-                                  Back up.  */
-                               lseek(fd, -n_bytes, SEEK_END);
-                       }
-                       dump_remainder(filename, fd);
-               } else
-                       return pipe_bytes(filename, fd, n_bytes);
-       }
-       return 0;
-}
-
-/* Output the last N_LINES lines of file FILENAME open for reading in FD.
-   Return 0 if successful, 1 if an error occurred.  */
-
-static int tail_lines(const char *filename, int fd, long int n_lines)
-{
-       struct stat stats;
-       off_t length;
-
-       if (fstat(fd, &stats)) {
-               detailed_error(0, errno, "%s", filename);
-               return 1;
-       }
-
-       if (from_start) {
-               if (start_lines(filename, fd, n_lines))
-                       return 1;
-               dump_remainder(filename, fd);
-       } else {
-               /* Use file_lines only if FD refers to a regular file with
-                  its file pointer positioned at beginning of file.  */
-               /* FIXME: adding the lseek conjunct is a kludge.
-                  Once there's a reasonable test suite, fix the true culprit:
-                  file_lines.  file_lines shouldn't presume that the input
-                  file pointer is initially positioned to beginning of file.  */
-               if (S_ISREG(stats.st_mode)
-                       && lseek(fd, (off_t) 0, SEEK_CUR) == (off_t) 0) {
-                       length = lseek(fd, (off_t) 0, SEEK_END);
-                       if (length != 0 && file_lines(filename, fd, n_lines, length))
-                               return 1;
-                       dump_remainder(fd);
-               } else
-                       return pipe_lines(fd, n_lines);
-       }
-       return 0;
-}
-
-/* Display the last N_UNITS units of file FILENAME, open for reading
-   in FD.
-   Return 0 if successful, 1 if an error occurred.  */
-
-static int tail(const char *filename, int fd, off_t n_units)
-{
-       if (count_lines)
-               return tail_lines(filename, fd, (long) n_units);
-       else
-               return tail_bytes(filename, fd, n_units);
-}
-
-/* Display the last N_UNITS units of file FILENAME.
-   "-" for FILENAME means the standard input.
-   FILENUM is this file's index in the list of files the user gave.
-   Return 0 if successful, 1 if an error occurred.  */
-
-static int tail_file(const char *filename, off_t n_units, int filenum)
-{
-       int fd, errors;
-       struct stat stats;
-
-       if (!strcmp(filename, "-")) {
-               have_read_stdin = 1;
-               filename = "standard input";
-               if (print_headers)
-                       write_header(filename, NULL);
-               errors = tail(filename, 0, n_units);
-               if (forever_multiple) {
-                       if (fstat(0, &stats) < 0) {
-                               detailed_error(0, errno, "standard input");
-                               errors = 1;
-                       } else if (!S_ISREG(stats.st_mode)) {
-                               detailed_error(0, 0,
-                                                          "standard input: cannot follow end of non-regular file");
-                               errors = 1;
-                       }
-                       if (errors)
-                               file_descs[filenum] = -1;
-                       else {
-                               file_descs[filenum] = 0;
-                               file_sizes[filenum] = stats.st_size;
-                       }
-               }
-       } else {
-               /* Not standard input.  */
-               fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
-               if (fd == -1) {
-                       if (forever_multiple)
-                               file_descs[filenum] = -1;
-                       detailed_error(0, errno, "%s", filename);
-                       errors = 1;
-               } else {
-                       if (print_headers)
-                               write_header(filename, NULL);
-                       errors = tail(filename, fd, n_units);
-                       if (forever_multiple) {
-                               if (fstat(fd, &stats) < 0) {
-                                       detailed_error(0, errno, "%s", filename);
-                                       errors = 1;
-                               } else if (!S_ISREG(stats.st_mode)) {
-                                       detailed_error(0, 0,
-                                                                  "%s: cannot follow end of non-regular file",
-                                                                  filename);
-                                       errors = 1;
+               if (!tailbuf)
+                       tailbuf = xmalloc(tailbufsize);
+
+               buf = tailbuf;
+               taillen = 0;
+               /* "We saw 1st line/byte".
+                * Used only by +N code ("start from Nth", 1-based): */
+               seen = 1;
+               newlines_seen = 0;
+               while ((nread = tail_read(fd, buf, tailbufsize - taillen)) > 0) {
+                       if (G.from_top) {
+                               int nwrite = nread;
+                               if (seen < count) {
+                                       /* We need to skip a few more bytes/lines */
+                                       if (COUNT_BYTES) {
+                                               nwrite -= (count - seen);
+                                               seen += nread;
+                                       } else {
+                                               char *s = buf;
+                                               do {
+                                                       --nwrite;
+                                                       if (*s++ == '\n' && ++seen == count) {
+                                                               break;
+                                                       }
+                                               } while (nwrite);
+                                       }
                                }
-                               if (errors) {
-                                       close(fd);
-                                       file_descs[filenum] = -1;
+                               if (nwrite > 0)
+                                       xwrite(STDOUT_FILENO, buf + nread - nwrite, nwrite);
+                       } else if (count) {
+                               if (COUNT_BYTES) {
+                                       taillen += nread;
+                                       if (taillen > (int)count) {
+                                               memmove(tailbuf, tailbuf + taillen - count, count);
+                                               taillen = count;
+                                       }
                                } else {
-                                       file_descs[filenum] = fd;
-                                       file_sizes[filenum] = stats.st_size;
-                               }
-                       } else {
-                               if (close(fd)) {
-                                       detailed_error(0, errno, "%s", filename);
-                                       errors = 1;
+                                       int k = nread;
+                                       int newlines_in_buf = 0;
+
+                                       do { /* count '\n' in last read */
+                                               k--;
+                                               if (buf[k] == '\n') {
+                                                       newlines_in_buf++;
+                                               }
+                                       } while (k);
+
+                                       if (newlines_seen + newlines_in_buf < (int)count) {
+                                               newlines_seen += newlines_in_buf;
+                                               taillen += nread;
+                                       } else {
+                                               int extra = (buf[nread-1] != '\n');
+                                               char *s;
+
+                                               k = newlines_seen + newlines_in_buf + extra - count;
+                                               s = tailbuf;
+                                               while (k) {
+                                                       if (*s == '\n') {
+                                                               k--;
+                                                       }
+                                                       s++;
+                                               }
+                                               taillen += nread - (s - tailbuf);
+                                               memmove(tailbuf, s, taillen);
+                                               newlines_seen = count - extra;
+                                       }
+                                       if (tailbufsize < (size_t)taillen + BUFSIZ) {
+                                               tailbufsize = taillen + BUFSIZ;
+                                               tailbuf = xrealloc(tailbuf, tailbufsize);
+                                       }
                                }
+                               buf = tailbuf + taillen;
                        }
+               } /* while (tail_read() > 0) */
+               if (!G.from_top) {
+                       xwrite(STDOUT_FILENO, tailbuf, taillen);
                }
-       }
+       } while (++i < nfiles);
+       prev_fd = fds[i-1];
 
-       return errors;
-}
+       tailbuf = xrealloc(tailbuf, BUFSIZ);
 
-extern int tail_main(int argc, char **argv)
-{
-       int stopit = 0;
-       enum header_mode header_mode = multiple_files;
-       int exit_status = 0;
+       fmt = NULL;
 
-       /* If from_start, the number of items to skip before printing; otherwise,
-          the number of items at the end of the file to print.  Initially, -1
-          means the value has not been set.  */
-       off_t n_units = -1;
-       int n_files;
-       char **file;
+       if (FOLLOW) while (1) {
+               sleep(sleep_period);
 
-       program_name = argv[0];
-       have_read_stdin = 0;
-       count_lines = 1;
-       forever = forever_multiple = from_start = print_headers = 0;
-
-       /* Parse any options */
-       //fprintf(stderr, "argc=%d, argv=%s\n", argc, *argv);
-       while (--argc > 0 && (**(++argv) == '-' || **argv == '+')) {
-               if (**argv == '+') {
-                       from_start = 1;
-               }
-               stopit = 0;
-               while (stopit == 0 && *(++(*argv))) {
-                       switch (**argv) {
-                       case 'c':
-                               count_lines = 0;
-
-                               if (--argc < 1) {
-                                       usage(tail_usage);
+               i = 0;
+               do {
+                       int nread;
+                       const char *filename = argv[i];
+                       int fd = fds[i];
+
+                       if (FOLLOW_RETRY) {
+                               struct stat sbuf, fsbuf;
+
+                               if (fd < 0
+                                || fstat(fd, &fsbuf) < 0
+                                || stat(filename, &sbuf) < 0
+                                || fsbuf.st_dev != sbuf.st_dev
+                                || fsbuf.st_ino != sbuf.st_ino
+                               ) {
+                                       int new_fd;
+
+                                       if (fd >= 0)
+                                               close(fd);
+                                       new_fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
+                                       if (new_fd >= 0) {
+                                               bb_error_msg("%s has %s; following end of new file",
+                                                       filename, (fd < 0) ? "appeared" : "been replaced"
+                                               );
+                                       } else if (fd >= 0) {
+                                               bb_perror_msg("%s has become inaccessible", filename);
+                                       }
+                                       fds[i] = fd = new_fd;
                                }
-                               n_units = getNum(*(++argv));
-                               stopit = 1;
-                               break;
-
-                       case 'f':
-                               forever = 1;
-                               break;
-
-                       case 'n':
-                               count_lines = 1;
-
-                               if (--argc < 1) {
-                                       usage(tail_usage);
+                       }
+                       if (ENABLE_FEATURE_FANCY_TAIL && fd < 0)
+                               continue;
+                       if (nfiles > header_threshhold) {
+                               fmt = header_fmt_str;
+                       }
+                       for (;;) {
+                               /* tail -f keeps following files even if they are truncated */
+                               struct stat sbuf;
+                               /* /proc files report zero st_size, don't lseek them */
+                               if (fstat(fd, &sbuf) == 0 && sbuf.st_size > 0) {
+                                       off_t current = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_CUR);
+                                       if (sbuf.st_size < current)
+                                               xlseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
                                }
-                               n_units = atol(*(++argv));
-                               stopit = 1;
-                               break;
-
-                       case 'q':
-                               header_mode = never;
-                               break;
 
-                       case 'v':
-                               header_mode = always;
-                               break;
-
-                       default:
-                               usage(tail_usage);
+                               nread = tail_read(fd, tailbuf, BUFSIZ);
+                               if (nread <= 0)
+                                       break;
+                               if (fmt && (fd != prev_fd)) {
+                                       tail_xprint_header(fmt, filename);
+                                       fmt = NULL;
+                                       prev_fd = fd;
+                               }
+                               xwrite(STDOUT_FILENO, tailbuf, nread);
                        }
-               }
-       }
-
+               } while (++i < nfiles);
+       } /* while (1) */
 
-       if (n_units == -1)
-               n_units = DEFAULT_N_LINES;
-
-       /* To start printing with item N_UNITS from the start of the file, skip
-          N_UNITS - 1 items.  `tail +0' is actually meaningless, but for Unix
-          compatibility it's treated the same as `tail +1'.  */
-       if (from_start) {
-               if (n_units)
-                       --n_units;
+       if (ENABLE_FEATURE_CLEAN_UP) {
+               free(fds);
+               free(tailbuf);
        }
-
-       n_files = argc;
-       file = argv;
-
-       if (n_files > 1 && forever) {
-               forever_multiple = 1;
-               forever = 0;
-               file_descs = (int *) xmalloc(n_files * sizeof(int));
-
-               file_sizes = (off_t *) xmalloc(n_files * sizeof(off_t));
-       }
-
-       if (header_mode == always
-               || (header_mode == multiple_files && n_files > 1))
-               print_headers = 1;
-
-       if (n_files == 0) {
-               exit_status |= tail_file("-", n_units, 0);
-       } else {
-               int i;
-
-               for (i = 0; i < n_files; i++)
-                       exit_status |= tail_file(file[i], n_units, i);
-
-               if (forever_multiple)
-                       tail_forever(file, n_files);
-       }
-
-       if (have_read_stdin && close(0) < 0)
-               detailed_error(EXIT_FAILURE, errno, "-");
-       if (fclose(stdout) == EOF)
-               detailed_error(EXIT_FAILURE, errno, "write error");
-       exit(exit_status == 0 ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE);
+       return G.exitcode;
 }
-
-
-#endif