/* BFD back-end for mmo objects (MMIX-specific object-format).
- Copyright 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007
- Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ Copyright (C) 2001-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Written by Hans-Peter Nilsson (hp@bitrange.com).
Infrastructure and other bits originally copied from srec.c and
binary.c.
The mmo object format is used exclusively together with Professor
Donald E.@: Knuth's educational 64-bit processor MMIX. The simulator
@command{mmix} which is available at
- @url{http://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~knuth/programs/mmix.tar.gz}
+ @url{http://mmix.cs.hm.edu/src/index.html}
understands this format. That package also includes a combined
assembler and linker called @command{mmixal}. The mmo format has
no advantages feature-wise compared to e.g. ELF. It is a simple
non-relocatable object format with no support for archives or
debugging information, except for symbol value information and
line numbers (which is not yet implemented in BFD). See
- @url{http://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~knuth/mmix.html} for more
+ @url{http://mmix.cs.hm.edu/} for more
information about MMIX. The ELF format is used for intermediate
object files in the BFD implementation.
two remaining bytes, called the @samp{Y} and @samp{Z} fields, or
the @samp{YZ} field (a 16-bit big-endian number), are used for
various purposes different for each lopcode. As documented in
- @url{http://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~knuth/mmixal-intro.ps.gz},
+ @url{http://mmix.cs.hm.edu/doc/mmixal.pdf},
the lopcodes are:
@table @code
directive, setting the location for the next data to the next
32-bit word (for @math{Z = 1}) or 64-bit word (for @math{Z = 2}),
plus @math{Y * 2^56}. Normally @samp{Y} is 0 for the text segment
- and 2 for the data segment.
+ and 2 for the data segment. Beware that the low bits of non-
+ tetrabyte-aligned values are silently discarded when being
+ automatically incremented and when storing contents (in contrast
+ to e.g. its use as current location when followed by lop_fixo
+ et al before the next possibly-quoted tetrabyte contents).
@item lop_skip
0x9802YYZZ. Increase the current location by @samp{YZ} bytes.
static void mmo_find_sec_w_addr_grow (bfd *, asection *, void *);
static asection *mmo_make_section (bfd *, const char *);
static void mmo_get_symbol_info (bfd *, asymbol *, symbol_info *);
-static void mmo_print_symbol (bfd *, void *, asymbol *,
+static void mmo_print_symbol (bfd *, void *, asymbol *,
bfd_print_symbol_type);
static void mmo_init (void);
static bfd_boolean mmo_mkobject (bfd *);
if (sec == NULL)
return NULL;
- if (! sec->user_set_vma)
- bfd_set_section_vma (abfd, sec, vma);
+ if (! sec->user_set_vma && ! bfd_set_section_vma (abfd, sec, vma))
+ return NULL;
+
if (! bfd_set_section_flags (abfd, sec,
bfd_get_section_flags (abfd, sec)
| SEC_CODE | SEC_LOAD | SEC_ALLOC))
if (sec == NULL)
return NULL;
- if (! sec->user_set_vma)
- bfd_set_section_vma (abfd, sec, vma);
+ if (! sec->user_set_vma && ! bfd_set_section_vma (abfd, sec, vma))
+ return NULL;
+
if (! bfd_set_section_flags (abfd, sec,
bfd_get_section_flags (abfd, sec)
| SEC_LOAD | SEC_ALLOC))
/* If there's still no suitable section, make a new one. */
sprintf (sec_name, ".MMIX.sec.%d", abfd->tdata.mmo_data->sec_no++);
sec = mmo_make_section (abfd, sec_name);
- if (! sec->user_set_vma)
- bfd_set_section_vma (abfd, sec, vma);
+
+ if (! sec->user_set_vma && ! bfd_set_section_vma (abfd, sec, vma))
+ return NULL;
if (! bfd_set_section_flags (abfd, sec,
bfd_get_section_flags (abfd, sec)
mmo_write_chunk (bfd *abfd, const bfd_byte *loc, unsigned int len)
{
bfd_boolean retval = TRUE;
+ struct mmo_data_struct *mmop = abfd->tdata.mmo_data;
/* Fill up a tetra from bytes remaining from a previous chunk. */
- if (abfd->tdata.mmo_data->byte_no != 0)
+ if (mmop->byte_no != 0)
{
- while (abfd->tdata.mmo_data->byte_no < 4 && len != 0)
+ while (mmop->byte_no < 4 && len != 0)
{
- abfd->tdata.mmo_data->buf[abfd->tdata.mmo_data->byte_no++] = *loc++;
+ mmop->buf[mmop->byte_no++] = *loc++;
len--;
}
- if (abfd->tdata.mmo_data->byte_no == 4)
+ if (mmop->byte_no == 4)
{
- mmo_write_tetra (abfd,
- bfd_get_32 (abfd, abfd->tdata.mmo_data->buf));
- abfd->tdata.mmo_data->byte_no = 0;
+ mmo_write_tetra (abfd, bfd_get_32 (abfd, mmop->buf));
+ mmop->byte_no = 0;
}
}
mmo_write_tetra_raw (abfd, LOP_QUOTE_NEXT);
retval = (retval
- && ! abfd->tdata.mmo_data->have_error
+ && ! mmop->have_error
&& 4 == bfd_bwrite (loc, 4, abfd));
loc += 4;
if (len)
{
- memcpy (abfd->tdata.mmo_data->buf, loc, len);
- abfd->tdata.mmo_data->byte_no = len;
+ /* We must have flushed a previous remainder if we get one from
+ this chunk too. */
+ BFD_ASSERT (mmop->byte_no == 0);
+ memcpy (mmop->buf, loc, len);
+ mmop->byte_no = len;
}
if (! retval)
- abfd->tdata.mmo_data->have_error = TRUE;
+ mmop->have_error = TRUE;
return retval;
}
mmo_write_loc_chunk (bfd *abfd, bfd_vma vma, const bfd_byte *loc,
unsigned int len, bfd_vma *last_vmap)
{
- /* Find an initial and trailing section of zero tetras; we don't need to
- write out zeros. FIXME: When we do this, we should emit section size
- and address specifiers, else objcopy can't always perform an identity
- translation. Only do this if we *don't* have left-over data from a
- previous write or the vma of this chunk is *not* the next address,
- because then data isn't tetrabyte-aligned and we're concatenating to
- that left-over data. */
-
- if (abfd->tdata.mmo_data->byte_no == 0 || vma != *last_vmap)
+ /* Find an initial and trailing section of zero (aligned) tetras; we don't
+ need to write out zeros. FIXME: When we do this, we should emit
+ section size and address specifiers, else objcopy can't always perform
+ an identity translation. Only do this if we *don't* have left-over
+ data from a previous write (and will not add any) or else the vma of
+ this chunk is *not* the next address, because then data isn't
+ tetrabyte-aligned and we're concatenating to that left-over data. */
+
+ if ((vma & 3) == 0
+ && (abfd->tdata.mmo_data->byte_no == 0 || vma != *last_vmap))
{
- while (len >= 4 && bfd_get_32 (abfd, loc) == 0)
+ while (len > 4 && bfd_get_32 (abfd, loc) == 0)
{
vma += 4;
len -= 4;
loc += 4;
}
- while (len >= 4 && bfd_get_32 (abfd, loc + len - 4) == 0)
- len -= 4;
+ if ((len & 3) == 0)
+ while (len > 4 && bfd_get_32 (abfd, loc + len - 4) == 0)
+ len -= 4;
}
/* Only write out the location if it's different than the one the caller
/* We might be in the middle of a sequence. */
mmo_flush_chunk (abfd);
+ /* This should not happen during normal usage, but can presumably
+ happen with an erroneous linker-script, so handle gracefully.
+ Avoid Knuth-specific terms in the message, such as "tetrabyte".
+ Note that this function will get non-4-multiple lengths and
+ unaligned vmas but those come in tuples (mostly pairs) and are
+ continuous (i.e. the if-condition above false) and they are
+ group-wise aligned. */
+ if ((vma & 3) != 0)
+ {
+ (*_bfd_error_handler)
+ (_("%s: attempt to emit contents at non-multiple-of-4 address 0x%lx\n"),
+ bfd_get_filename (abfd), (unsigned long) vma);
+ bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
+ return FALSE;
+ }
+
/* We always write the location as 64 bits; no use saving bytes
here. */
mmo_write_tetra_raw (abfd, (LOP << 24) | (LOP_LOC << 16) | 2);
SUBSECTION
Symbol table format
- From mmixal.w (or really, the generated mmixal.tex) in
- @url{http://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~knuth/programs/mmix.tar.gz}):
+ From mmixal.w (or really, the generated mmixal.tex) in the
+ MMIXware package which also contains the @command{mmix} simulator:
``Symbols are stored and retrieved by means of a @samp{ternary
search trie}, following ideas of Bentley and Sedgewick. (See
ACM--SIAM Symp.@: on Discrete Algorithms @samp{8} (1997), 360--369;
asection *sec = bfd_make_section_old_way (abfd, MMO_TEXT_SECTION_NAME);
asection *non_spec_sec = NULL;
bfd_vma non_spec_vma = 0;
- char *current_filename = NULL;
bfd_size_type nbytes_read = 0;
/* Buffer with room to read a 64-bit value. */
bfd_byte buf[8];
long stab_loc = -1;
char *file_names[256];
+ abfd->symcount = 0;
memset (file_names, 0, sizeof (file_names));
if (bfd_seek (abfd, (file_ptr) 0, SEEK_SET) != 0)
if (bfd_bread (buf, 4, abfd) != 4)
goto error_return;
+ vma &= ~3;
mmo_xore_32 (sec, vma, bfd_get_32 (abfd, buf));
vma += 4;
- vma &= ~3;
lineno++;
break;
goto error_return;
}
- sec = mmo_decide_section (abfd, vma);
+ /* When we decide which section the data goes into, we might
+ create the section. If that happens, make sure the VMA at
+ creation time is tetra-aligned. */
+ sec = mmo_decide_section (abfd, vma & ~3);
if (sec == NULL)
goto error_return;
break;
goto error_return;
}
- current_filename = file_names[y];
lineno = 0;
break;
mmo_write_symbols_and_terminator (bfd *abfd)
{
int count = bfd_get_symcount (abfd);
- asymbol *maintable[2];
asymbol **table;
asymbol **orig_table = bfd_get_outsymbols (abfd);
int serno;
fakemain->value = bfd_get_start_address (abfd);
fakemain->name = MMIX_START_SYMBOL_NAME;
fakemain->section = bfd_abs_section_ptr;
- maintable[0] = fakemain;
- maintable[1] = NULL;
memset (&root, 0, sizeof (root));
/* FIXME: We can do better on this one, if we have a dwarf2 .debug_line
section or if MMO line numbers are implemented. */
#define mmo_find_nearest_line _bfd_nosymbols_find_nearest_line
+#define mmo_find_line _bfd_nosymbols_find_line
#define mmo_find_inliner_info _bfd_nosymbols_find_inliner_info
#define mmo_make_empty_symbol _bfd_generic_make_empty_symbol
#define mmo_bfd_make_debug_symbol _bfd_nosymbols_bfd_make_debug_symbol
#define mmo_bfd_get_relocated_section_contents \
bfd_generic_get_relocated_section_contents
#define mmo_bfd_gc_sections bfd_generic_gc_sections
+#define mmo_bfd_lookup_section_flags bfd_generic_lookup_section_flags
#define mmo_bfd_link_hash_table_create _bfd_generic_link_hash_table_create
-#define mmo_bfd_link_hash_table_free _bfd_generic_link_hash_table_free
#define mmo_bfd_link_add_symbols _bfd_generic_link_add_symbols
#define mmo_bfd_link_just_syms _bfd_generic_link_just_syms
+#define mmo_bfd_copy_link_hash_symbol_type \
+ _bfd_generic_copy_link_hash_symbol_type
#define mmo_bfd_final_link _bfd_generic_final_link
#define mmo_bfd_link_split_section _bfd_generic_link_split_section
#define mmo_bfd_discard_group bfd_generic_discard_group
#define mmo_section_already_linked \
_bfd_generic_section_already_linked
+#define mmo_bfd_define_common_symbol bfd_generic_define_common_symbol
/* We want to copy time of creation, otherwise we'd use
BFD_JUMP_TABLE_COPY (_bfd_generic). */
#define mmo_bfd_set_private_flags _bfd_generic_bfd_set_private_flags
#define mmo_bfd_print_private_bfd_data _bfd_generic_bfd_print_private_bfd_data
-const bfd_target bfd_mmo_vec =
+const bfd_target mmix_mmo_vec =
{
"mmo", /* name */
bfd_target_mmo_flavour,
0, /* leading underscore */
' ', /* ar_pad_char */
16, /* ar_max_namelen */
+ 0, /* match priority. */
bfd_getb64, bfd_getb_signed_64, bfd_putb64,
bfd_getb32, bfd_getb_signed_32, bfd_putb32,
bfd_getb16, bfd_getb_signed_16, bfd_putb16, /* data */
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