'\" t
.\"     Title: passwd
.\"    Author: [FIXME: author] [see http://docbook.sf.net/el/author]
.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.75.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/>
.\"      Date: 07/24/2009
.\"    Manual: File Formats and Conversions
.\"    Source: File Formats and Conversions
.\"  Language: Polish
.\"
.TH "PASSWD" "5" "07/24/2009" "File Formats and Conversions" "File Formats and Conversions"
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.SH "NAZWA"
passwd \- the password file
.SH "OPIS"
.PP

/etc/passwd
contains one line for each user account, with seven fields delimited by colons (\(Bq:\(rq)\&. These fields are:
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
login name
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
optional encrypted password
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
numerical user ID
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
numerical group ID
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
user name or comment field
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
user home directory
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
optional user command interpreter
.RE
.PP
The encrypted password field may be blank, in which case no password is required to authenticate as the specified login name\&. However, some applications which read the
/etc/passwd
file may decide not to permit
\fIany\fR
access at all if the
\fIpassword\fR
field is blank\&. If the
\fIpassword\fR
field is a lower\-case
\(Bqx\(rq, then the encrypted password is actually stored in the
\fBshadow\fR(5)
file instead; there
\fImust\fR
be a corresponding line in the
/etc/shadow
file, or else the user account is invalid\&. If the
\fIpassword\fR
field is any other string, then it will be treated as an encrypted password, as specified by
\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&.
.PP
The comment field is used by various system utilities, such as
\fBfinger\fR(1)\&.
.PP
The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory\&. The
\fBlogin\fR
program uses this information to set the value of the
\fB$HOME\fR
environmental variable\&.
.PP
The command interpreter field provides the name of the user\'s command language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute\&. The
\fBlogin\fR
program uses this information to set the value of the
\fB$SHELL\fR
environmental variable\&. If this field is empty, it defaults to the value
/bin/sh\&.
.SH "PLIKI"
.PP
/etc/passwd
.RS 4
Informacja o kontach użytkownik\('ow\&.
.RE
.PP
/etc/shadow
.RS 4
optional encrypted password file
.RE
.PP
/etc/passwd\-
.RS 4
Backup file for /etc/passwd\&.
.sp
Note that this file is used by the tools of the shadow toolsuite, but not by all user and password management tools\&.
.RE
.SH "ZOBACZ TAKŻE"
.PP

\fBcrypt\fR(3),
\fBgetent\fR(1),
\fBgetpwnam\fR(3),
\fBlogin\fR(1),
\fBpasswd\fR(1),
\fBpwck\fR(8),
\fBpwconv\fR(8),
\fBpwunconv\fR(8),
\fBshadow\fR(5),
\fBsu\fR(1),
\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&.