1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
3 * x86 instruction analysis
5 * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2002, 2004, 2009
9 #include <linux/string.h>
16 /* Verify next sizeof(t) bytes can be on the same instruction */
17 #define validate_next(t, insn, n) \
18 ((insn)->next_byte + sizeof(t) + n <= (insn)->end_kaddr)
20 #define __get_next(t, insn) \
21 ({ t r = *(t*)insn->next_byte; insn->next_byte += sizeof(t); r; })
23 #define __peek_nbyte_next(t, insn, n) \
24 ({ t r = *(t*)((insn)->next_byte + n); r; })
26 #define get_next(t, insn) \
27 ({ if (unlikely(!validate_next(t, insn, 0))) goto err_out; __get_next(t, insn); })
29 #define peek_nbyte_next(t, insn, n) \
30 ({ if (unlikely(!validate_next(t, insn, n))) goto err_out; __peek_nbyte_next(t, insn, n); })
32 #define peek_next(t, insn) peek_nbyte_next(t, insn, 0)
35 * insn_init() - initialize struct insn
36 * @insn: &struct insn to be initialized
37 * @kaddr: address (in kernel memory) of instruction (or copy thereof)
38 * @x86_64: !0 for 64-bit kernel or 64-bit app
40 void insn_init(struct insn *insn, const void *kaddr, int buf_len, int x86_64)
43 * Instructions longer than MAX_INSN_SIZE (15 bytes) are invalid
44 * even if the input buffer is long enough to hold them.
46 if (buf_len > MAX_INSN_SIZE)
47 buf_len = MAX_INSN_SIZE;
49 memset(insn, 0, sizeof(*insn));
51 insn->end_kaddr = kaddr + buf_len;
52 insn->next_byte = kaddr;
53 insn->x86_64 = x86_64 ? 1 : 0;
62 * insn_get_prefixes - scan x86 instruction prefix bytes
63 * @insn: &struct insn containing instruction
65 * Populates the @insn->prefixes bitmap, and updates @insn->next_byte
66 * to point to the (first) opcode. No effect if @insn->prefixes.got
69 void insn_get_prefixes(struct insn *insn)
71 struct insn_field *prefixes = &insn->prefixes;
81 b = peek_next(insn_byte_t, insn);
82 attr = inat_get_opcode_attribute(b);
83 while (inat_is_legacy_prefix(attr)) {
84 /* Skip if same prefix */
85 for (i = 0; i < nb; i++)
86 if (prefixes->bytes[i] == b)
89 /* Invalid instruction */
91 prefixes->bytes[nb++] = b;
92 if (inat_is_address_size_prefix(attr)) {
93 /* address size switches 2/4 or 4/8 */
95 insn->addr_bytes ^= 12;
97 insn->addr_bytes ^= 6;
98 } else if (inat_is_operand_size_prefix(attr)) {
99 /* oprand size switches 2/4 */
100 insn->opnd_bytes ^= 6;
106 b = peek_next(insn_byte_t, insn);
107 attr = inat_get_opcode_attribute(b);
109 /* Set the last prefix */
110 if (lb && lb != insn->prefixes.bytes[3]) {
111 if (unlikely(insn->prefixes.bytes[3])) {
112 /* Swap the last prefix */
113 b = insn->prefixes.bytes[3];
114 for (i = 0; i < nb; i++)
115 if (prefixes->bytes[i] == lb)
116 prefixes->bytes[i] = b;
118 insn->prefixes.bytes[3] = lb;
121 /* Decode REX prefix */
123 b = peek_next(insn_byte_t, insn);
124 attr = inat_get_opcode_attribute(b);
125 if (inat_is_rex_prefix(attr)) {
126 insn->rex_prefix.value = b;
127 insn->rex_prefix.nbytes = 1;
130 /* REX.W overrides opnd_size */
131 insn->opnd_bytes = 8;
134 insn->rex_prefix.got = 1;
136 /* Decode VEX prefix */
137 b = peek_next(insn_byte_t, insn);
138 attr = inat_get_opcode_attribute(b);
139 if (inat_is_vex_prefix(attr)) {
140 insn_byte_t b2 = peek_nbyte_next(insn_byte_t, insn, 1);
143 * In 32-bits mode, if the [7:6] bits (mod bits of
144 * ModRM) on the second byte are not 11b, it is
145 * LDS or LES or BOUND.
147 if (X86_MODRM_MOD(b2) != 3)
150 insn->vex_prefix.bytes[0] = b;
151 insn->vex_prefix.bytes[1] = b2;
152 if (inat_is_evex_prefix(attr)) {
153 b2 = peek_nbyte_next(insn_byte_t, insn, 2);
154 insn->vex_prefix.bytes[2] = b2;
155 b2 = peek_nbyte_next(insn_byte_t, insn, 3);
156 insn->vex_prefix.bytes[3] = b2;
157 insn->vex_prefix.nbytes = 4;
158 insn->next_byte += 4;
159 if (insn->x86_64 && X86_VEX_W(b2))
160 /* VEX.W overrides opnd_size */
161 insn->opnd_bytes = 8;
162 } else if (inat_is_vex3_prefix(attr)) {
163 b2 = peek_nbyte_next(insn_byte_t, insn, 2);
164 insn->vex_prefix.bytes[2] = b2;
165 insn->vex_prefix.nbytes = 3;
166 insn->next_byte += 3;
167 if (insn->x86_64 && X86_VEX_W(b2))
168 /* VEX.W overrides opnd_size */
169 insn->opnd_bytes = 8;
172 * For VEX2, fake VEX3-like byte#2.
173 * Makes it easier to decode vex.W, vex.vvvv,
174 * vex.L and vex.pp. Masking with 0x7f sets vex.W == 0.
176 insn->vex_prefix.bytes[2] = b2 & 0x7f;
177 insn->vex_prefix.nbytes = 2;
178 insn->next_byte += 2;
182 insn->vex_prefix.got = 1;
191 * insn_get_opcode - collect opcode(s)
192 * @insn: &struct insn containing instruction
194 * Populates @insn->opcode, updates @insn->next_byte to point past the
195 * opcode byte(s), and set @insn->attr (except for groups).
196 * If necessary, first collects any preceding (prefix) bytes.
197 * Sets @insn->opcode.value = opcode1. No effect if @insn->opcode.got
200 void insn_get_opcode(struct insn *insn)
202 struct insn_field *opcode = &insn->opcode;
207 if (!insn->prefixes.got)
208 insn_get_prefixes(insn);
210 /* Get first opcode */
211 op = get_next(insn_byte_t, insn);
212 opcode->bytes[0] = op;
215 /* Check if there is VEX prefix or not */
216 if (insn_is_avx(insn)) {
218 m = insn_vex_m_bits(insn);
219 p = insn_vex_p_bits(insn);
220 insn->attr = inat_get_avx_attribute(op, m, p);
221 if ((inat_must_evex(insn->attr) && !insn_is_evex(insn)) ||
222 (!inat_accept_vex(insn->attr) &&
223 !inat_is_group(insn->attr)))
224 insn->attr = 0; /* This instruction is bad */
225 goto end; /* VEX has only 1 byte for opcode */
228 insn->attr = inat_get_opcode_attribute(op);
229 while (inat_is_escape(insn->attr)) {
230 /* Get escaped opcode */
231 op = get_next(insn_byte_t, insn);
232 opcode->bytes[opcode->nbytes++] = op;
233 pfx_id = insn_last_prefix_id(insn);
234 insn->attr = inat_get_escape_attribute(op, pfx_id, insn->attr);
236 if (inat_must_vex(insn->attr))
237 insn->attr = 0; /* This instruction is bad */
246 * insn_get_modrm - collect ModRM byte, if any
247 * @insn: &struct insn containing instruction
249 * Populates @insn->modrm and updates @insn->next_byte to point past the
250 * ModRM byte, if any. If necessary, first collects the preceding bytes
251 * (prefixes and opcode(s)). No effect if @insn->modrm.got is already 1.
253 void insn_get_modrm(struct insn *insn)
255 struct insn_field *modrm = &insn->modrm;
256 insn_byte_t pfx_id, mod;
259 if (!insn->opcode.got)
260 insn_get_opcode(insn);
262 if (inat_has_modrm(insn->attr)) {
263 mod = get_next(insn_byte_t, insn);
266 if (inat_is_group(insn->attr)) {
267 pfx_id = insn_last_prefix_id(insn);
268 insn->attr = inat_get_group_attribute(mod, pfx_id,
270 if (insn_is_avx(insn) && !inat_accept_vex(insn->attr))
271 insn->attr = 0; /* This is bad */
275 if (insn->x86_64 && inat_is_force64(insn->attr))
276 insn->opnd_bytes = 8;
285 * insn_rip_relative() - Does instruction use RIP-relative addressing mode?
286 * @insn: &struct insn containing instruction
288 * If necessary, first collects the instruction up to and including the
289 * ModRM byte. No effect if @insn->x86_64 is 0.
291 int insn_rip_relative(struct insn *insn)
293 struct insn_field *modrm = &insn->modrm;
298 insn_get_modrm(insn);
300 * For rip-relative instructions, the mod field (top 2 bits)
301 * is zero and the r/m field (bottom 3 bits) is 0x5.
303 return (modrm->nbytes && (modrm->value & 0xc7) == 0x5);
307 * insn_get_sib() - Get the SIB byte of instruction
308 * @insn: &struct insn containing instruction
310 * If necessary, first collects the instruction up to and including the
313 void insn_get_sib(struct insn *insn)
319 if (!insn->modrm.got)
320 insn_get_modrm(insn);
321 if (insn->modrm.nbytes) {
322 modrm = (insn_byte_t)insn->modrm.value;
323 if (insn->addr_bytes != 2 &&
324 X86_MODRM_MOD(modrm) != 3 && X86_MODRM_RM(modrm) == 4) {
325 insn->sib.value = get_next(insn_byte_t, insn);
326 insn->sib.nbytes = 1;
337 * insn_get_displacement() - Get the displacement of instruction
338 * @insn: &struct insn containing instruction
340 * If necessary, first collects the instruction up to and including the
342 * Displacement value is sign-expanded.
344 void insn_get_displacement(struct insn *insn)
346 insn_byte_t mod, rm, base;
348 if (insn->displacement.got)
352 if (insn->modrm.nbytes) {
354 * Interpreting the modrm byte:
355 * mod = 00 - no displacement fields (exceptions below)
356 * mod = 01 - 1-byte displacement field
357 * mod = 10 - displacement field is 4 bytes, or 2 bytes if
358 * address size = 2 (0x67 prefix in 32-bit mode)
359 * mod = 11 - no memory operand
361 * If address size = 2...
362 * mod = 00, r/m = 110 - displacement field is 2 bytes
364 * If address size != 2...
365 * mod != 11, r/m = 100 - SIB byte exists
366 * mod = 00, SIB base = 101 - displacement field is 4 bytes
367 * mod = 00, r/m = 101 - rip-relative addressing, displacement
370 mod = X86_MODRM_MOD(insn->modrm.value);
371 rm = X86_MODRM_RM(insn->modrm.value);
372 base = X86_SIB_BASE(insn->sib.value);
376 insn->displacement.value = get_next(signed char, insn);
377 insn->displacement.nbytes = 1;
378 } else if (insn->addr_bytes == 2) {
379 if ((mod == 0 && rm == 6) || mod == 2) {
380 insn->displacement.value =
381 get_next(short, insn);
382 insn->displacement.nbytes = 2;
385 if ((mod == 0 && rm == 5) || mod == 2 ||
386 (mod == 0 && base == 5)) {
387 insn->displacement.value = get_next(int, insn);
388 insn->displacement.nbytes = 4;
393 insn->displacement.got = 1;
399 /* Decode moffset16/32/64. Return 0 if failed */
400 static int __get_moffset(struct insn *insn)
402 switch (insn->addr_bytes) {
404 insn->moffset1.value = get_next(short, insn);
405 insn->moffset1.nbytes = 2;
408 insn->moffset1.value = get_next(int, insn);
409 insn->moffset1.nbytes = 4;
412 insn->moffset1.value = get_next(int, insn);
413 insn->moffset1.nbytes = 4;
414 insn->moffset2.value = get_next(int, insn);
415 insn->moffset2.nbytes = 4;
417 default: /* opnd_bytes must be modified manually */
420 insn->moffset1.got = insn->moffset2.got = 1;
428 /* Decode imm v32(Iz). Return 0 if failed */
429 static int __get_immv32(struct insn *insn)
431 switch (insn->opnd_bytes) {
433 insn->immediate.value = get_next(short, insn);
434 insn->immediate.nbytes = 2;
438 insn->immediate.value = get_next(int, insn);
439 insn->immediate.nbytes = 4;
441 default: /* opnd_bytes must be modified manually */
451 /* Decode imm v64(Iv/Ov), Return 0 if failed */
452 static int __get_immv(struct insn *insn)
454 switch (insn->opnd_bytes) {
456 insn->immediate1.value = get_next(short, insn);
457 insn->immediate1.nbytes = 2;
460 insn->immediate1.value = get_next(int, insn);
461 insn->immediate1.nbytes = 4;
464 insn->immediate1.value = get_next(int, insn);
465 insn->immediate1.nbytes = 4;
466 insn->immediate2.value = get_next(int, insn);
467 insn->immediate2.nbytes = 4;
469 default: /* opnd_bytes must be modified manually */
472 insn->immediate1.got = insn->immediate2.got = 1;
479 /* Decode ptr16:16/32(Ap) */
480 static int __get_immptr(struct insn *insn)
482 switch (insn->opnd_bytes) {
484 insn->immediate1.value = get_next(short, insn);
485 insn->immediate1.nbytes = 2;
488 insn->immediate1.value = get_next(int, insn);
489 insn->immediate1.nbytes = 4;
492 /* ptr16:64 is not exist (no segment) */
494 default: /* opnd_bytes must be modified manually */
497 insn->immediate2.value = get_next(unsigned short, insn);
498 insn->immediate2.nbytes = 2;
499 insn->immediate1.got = insn->immediate2.got = 1;
507 * insn_get_immediate() - Get the immediates of instruction
508 * @insn: &struct insn containing instruction
510 * If necessary, first collects the instruction up to and including the
511 * displacement bytes.
512 * Basically, most of immediates are sign-expanded. Unsigned-value can be
513 * get by bit masking with ((1 << (nbytes * 8)) - 1)
515 void insn_get_immediate(struct insn *insn)
517 if (insn->immediate.got)
519 if (!insn->displacement.got)
520 insn_get_displacement(insn);
522 if (inat_has_moffset(insn->attr)) {
523 if (!__get_moffset(insn))
528 if (!inat_has_immediate(insn->attr))
532 switch (inat_immediate_size(insn->attr)) {
534 insn->immediate.value = get_next(signed char, insn);
535 insn->immediate.nbytes = 1;
538 insn->immediate.value = get_next(short, insn);
539 insn->immediate.nbytes = 2;
542 insn->immediate.value = get_next(int, insn);
543 insn->immediate.nbytes = 4;
546 insn->immediate1.value = get_next(int, insn);
547 insn->immediate1.nbytes = 4;
548 insn->immediate2.value = get_next(int, insn);
549 insn->immediate2.nbytes = 4;
552 if (!__get_immptr(insn))
555 case INAT_IMM_VWORD32:
556 if (!__get_immv32(insn))
560 if (!__get_immv(insn))
564 /* Here, insn must have an immediate, but failed */
567 if (inat_has_second_immediate(insn->attr)) {
568 insn->immediate2.value = get_next(signed char, insn);
569 insn->immediate2.nbytes = 1;
572 insn->immediate.got = 1;
579 * insn_get_length() - Get the length of instruction
580 * @insn: &struct insn containing instruction
582 * If necessary, first collects the instruction up to and including the
585 void insn_get_length(struct insn *insn)
589 if (!insn->immediate.got)
590 insn_get_immediate(insn);
591 insn->length = (unsigned char)((unsigned long)insn->next_byte
592 - (unsigned long)insn->kaddr);