tools/mkimage.c

   1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
   2 /*
   3  * (C) Copyright 2008 Semihalf
   4  *
   5  * (C) Copyright 2000-2009
   6  * DENX Software Engineering
   7  * Wolfgang Denk, wd@denx.de
   8  */
   9
  10 #include "imagetool.h"
  11 #include "mkimage.h"
  12 #include "imximage.h"
  13 #include <image.h>
  14 #include <version.h>
  15
  16 static void copy_file(int, const char *, int);
  17
  18 /* parameters initialized by core will be used by the image type code */
  19 static struct image_tool_params params = {
  20         .os = IH_OS_LINUX,
  21         .arch = IH_ARCH_PPC,
  22         .type = IH_TYPE_KERNEL,
  23         .comp = IH_COMP_GZIP,
  24         .dtc = MKIMAGE_DEFAULT_DTC_OPTIONS,
  25         .imagename = "",
  26         .imagename2 = "",
  27 };
  28
  29 static enum ih_category cur_category;
  30
  31 static int h_compare_category_name(const void *vtype1, const void *vtype2)
  32 {
  33         const int *type1 = vtype1;
  34         const int *type2 = vtype2;
  35         const char *name1 = genimg_get_cat_short_name(cur_category, *type1);
  36         const char *name2 = genimg_get_cat_short_name(cur_category, *type2);
  37
  38         return strcmp(name1, name2);
  39 }
  40
  41 static int show_valid_options(enum ih_category category)
  42 {
  43         int *order;
  44         int count;
  45         int item;
  46         int i;
  47
  48         count = genimg_get_cat_count(category);
  49         order = calloc(count, sizeof(*order));
  50         if (!order)
  51                 return -ENOMEM;
  52
  53         /* Sort the names in order of short name for easier reading */
  54         for (item = 0; item < count; item++)
  55                 order[item] = item;
  56         cur_category = category;
  57         qsort(order, count, sizeof(int), h_compare_category_name);
  58
  59         fprintf(stderr, "\nInvalid %s, supported are:\n",
  60                 genimg_get_cat_desc(category));
  61         for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
  62                 item = order[i];
  63                 fprintf(stderr, "\t%-15s  %s\n",
  64                         genimg_get_cat_short_name(category, item),
  65                         genimg_get_cat_name(category, item));
  66         }
  67         fprintf(stderr, "\n");
  68         free(order);
  69
  70         return 0;
  71 }
  72
  73 static void usage(const char *msg)
  74 {
  75         fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", msg);
  76         fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s -l image\n"
  77                          "          -l ==> list image header information\n",
  78                 params.cmdname);
  79         fprintf(stderr,
  80                 "       %s [-x] -A arch -O os -T type -C comp -a addr -e ep -n name -d data_file[:data_file...] image\n"
  81                 "          -A ==> set architecture to 'arch'\n"
  82                 "          -O ==> set operating system to 'os'\n"
  83                 "          -T ==> set image type to 'type'\n"
  84                 "          -C ==> set compression type 'comp'\n"
  85                 "          -a ==> set load address to 'addr' (hex)\n"
  86                 "          -e ==> set entry point to 'ep' (hex)\n"
  87                 "          -n ==> set image name to 'name'\n"
  88                 "          -d ==> use image data from 'datafile'\n"
  89                 "          -x ==> set XIP (execute in place)\n",
  90                 params.cmdname);
  91         fprintf(stderr,
  92                 "       %s [-D dtc_options] [-f fit-image.its|-f auto|-F] [-b <dtb> [-b <dtb>]] [-i <ramdisk.cpio.gz>] fit-image\n"
  93                 "           <dtb> file is used with -f auto, it may occur multiple times.\n",
  94                 params.cmdname);
  95         fprintf(stderr,
  96                 "          -D => set all options for device tree compiler\n"
  97                 "          -f => input filename for FIT source\n"
  98                 "          -i => input filename for ramdisk file\n");
  99 #ifdef CONFIG_FIT_SIGNATURE
 100         fprintf(stderr,
 101                 "Signing / verified boot options: [-E] [-B size] [-k keydir] [-K dtb] [ -c <comment>] [-p addr] [-r] [-N engine]\n"
 102                 "          -E => place data outside of the FIT structure\n"
 103                 "          -B => align size in hex for FIT structure and header\n"
 104                 "          -k => set directory containing private keys\n"
 105                 "          -K => write public keys to this .dtb file\n"
 106                 "          -c => add comment in signature node\n"
 107                 "          -F => re-sign existing FIT image\n"
 108                 "          -p => place external data at a static position\n"
 109                 "          -r => mark keys used as 'required' in dtb\n"
 110                 "          -N => openssl engine to use for signing\n");
 111 #else
 112         fprintf(stderr,
 113                 "Signing / verified boot not supported (CONFIG_FIT_SIGNATURE undefined)\n");
 114 #endif
 115         fprintf(stderr, "       %s -V ==> print version information and exit\n",
 116                 params.cmdname);
 117         fprintf(stderr, "Use '-T list' to see a list of available image types\n");
 118
 119         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 120 }
 121
 122 static int add_content(int type, const char *fname)
 123 {
 124         struct content_info *cont;
 125
 126         cont = calloc(1, sizeof(*cont));
 127         if (!cont)
 128                 return -1;
 129         cont->type = type;
 130         cont->fname = fname;
 131         if (params.content_tail)
 132                 params.content_tail->next = cont;
 133         else
 134                 params.content_head = cont;
 135         params.content_tail = cont;
 136
 137         return 0;
 138 }
 139
 140 static void process_args(int argc, char **argv)
 141 {
 142         char *ptr;
 143         int type = IH_TYPE_INVALID;
 144         char *datafile = NULL;
 145         int opt;
 146
 147         while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv,
 148                              "a:A:b:B:c:C:d:D:e:Ef:Fk:i:K:ln:N:p:O:rR:qsT:vVx")) != -1) {
 149                 switch (opt) {
 150                 case 'a':
 151                         params.addr = strtoull(optarg, &ptr, 16);
 152                         if (*ptr) {
 153                                 fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid load address %s\n",
 154                                         params.cmdname, optarg);
 155                                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 156                         }
 157                         break;
 158                 case 'A':
 159                         params.arch = genimg_get_arch_id(optarg);
 160                         if (params.arch < 0) {
 161                                 show_valid_options(IH_ARCH);
 162                                 usage("Invalid architecture");
 163                         }
 164                         break;
 165                 case 'b':
 166                         if (add_content(IH_TYPE_FLATDT, optarg)) {
 167                                 fprintf(stderr,
 168                                         "%s: Out of memory adding content '%s'",
 169                                         params.cmdname, optarg);
 170                                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 171                         }
 172                         break;
 173                 case 'B':
 174                         params.bl_len = strtoull(optarg, &ptr, 16);
 175                         if (*ptr) {
 176                                 fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid block length %s\n",
 177                                         params.cmdname, optarg);
 178                                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 179                         }
 180
 181                         break;
 182                 case 'c':
 183                         params.comment = optarg;
 184                         break;
 185                 case 'C':
 186                         params.comp = genimg_get_comp_id(optarg);
 187                         if (params.comp < 0) {
 188                                 show_valid_options(IH_COMP);
 189                                 usage("Invalid compression type");
 190                         }
 191                         break;
 192                 case 'd':
 193                         params.datafile = optarg;
 194                         params.dflag = 1;
 195                         break;
 196                 case 'D':
 197                         params.dtc = optarg;
 198                         break;
 199                 case 'e':
 200                         params.ep = strtoull(optarg, &ptr, 16);
 201                         if (*ptr) {
 202                                 fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid entry point %s\n",
 203                                         params.cmdname, optarg);
 204                                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 205                         }
 206                         params.eflag = 1;
 207                         break;
 208                 case 'E':
 209                         params.external_data = true;
 210                         break;
 211                 case 'f':
 212                         datafile = optarg;
 213                         params.auto_its = !strcmp(datafile, "auto");
 214                         /* fallthrough */
 215                 case 'F':
 216                         /*
 217                          * The flattened image tree (FIT) format
 218                          * requires a flattened device tree image type
 219                          */
 220                         params.type = IH_TYPE_FLATDT;
 221                         params.fflag = 1;
 222                         break;
 223                 case 'i':
 224                         params.fit_ramdisk = optarg;
 225                         break;
 226                 case 'k':
 227                         params.keydir = optarg;
 228                         break;
 229                 case 'K':
 230                         params.keydest = optarg;
 231                         break;
 232                 case 'l':
 233                         params.lflag = 1;
 234                         break;
 235                 case 'n':
 236                         params.imagename = optarg;
 237                         break;
 238                 case 'N':
 239                         params.engine_id = optarg;
 240                         break;
 241                 case 'O':
 242                         params.os = genimg_get_os_id(optarg);
 243                         if (params.os < 0) {
 244                                 show_valid_options(IH_OS);
 245                                 usage("Invalid operating system");
 246                         }
 247                         break;
 248                 case 'p':
 249                         params.external_offset = strtoull(optarg, &ptr, 16);
 250                         if (*ptr) {
 251                                 fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid offset size %s\n",
 252                                         params.cmdname, optarg);
 253                                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 254                         }
 255                         break;
 256                 case 'q':
 257                         params.quiet = 1;
 258                         break;
 259                 case 'r':
 260                         params.require_keys = 1;
 261                         break;
 262                 case 'R':
 263                         /*
 264                          * This entry is for the second configuration
 265                          * file, if only one is not enough.
 266                          */
 267                         params.imagename2 = optarg;
 268                         break;
 269                 case 's':
 270                         params.skipcpy = 1;
 271                         break;
 272                 case 'T':
 273                         if (strcmp(optarg, "list") == 0) {
 274                                 show_valid_options(IH_TYPE);
 275                                 exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
 276                         }
 277                         type = genimg_get_type_id(optarg);
 278                         if (type < 0) {
 279                                 show_valid_options(IH_TYPE);
 280                                 usage("Invalid image type");
 281                         }
 282                         break;
 283                 case 'v':
 284                         params.vflag++;
 285                         break;
 286                 case 'V':
 287                         printf("mkimage version %s\n", PLAIN_VERSION);
 288                         exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
 289                 case 'x':
 290                         params.xflag++;
 291                         break;
 292                 default:
 293                         usage("Invalid option");
 294                 }
 295         }
 296
 297         /* The last parameter is expected to be the imagefile */
 298         if (optind < argc)
 299                 params.imagefile = argv[optind];
 300
 301         /*
 302          * For auto-generated FIT images we need to know the image type to put
 303          * in the FIT, which is separate from the file's image type (which
 304          * will always be IH_TYPE_FLATDT in this case).
 305          */
 306         if (params.type == IH_TYPE_FLATDT) {
 307                 params.fit_image_type = type ? type : IH_TYPE_KERNEL;
 308                 /* For auto_its, datafile is always 'auto' */
 309                 if (!params.auto_its)
 310                         params.datafile = datafile;
 311                 else if (!params.datafile)
 312                         usage("Missing data file for auto-FIT (use -d)");
 313         } else if (type != IH_TYPE_INVALID) {
 314                 if (type == IH_TYPE_SCRIPT && !params.datafile)
 315                         usage("Missing data file for script (use -d)");
 316                 params.type = type;
 317         }
 318
 319         if (!params.imagefile)
 320                 usage("Missing output filename");
 321 }
 322
 323 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 324 {
 325         int ifd = -1;
 326         struct stat sbuf;
 327         char *ptr;
 328         int retval = 0;
 329         struct image_type_params *tparams = NULL;
 330         int pad_len = 0;
 331         int dfd;
 332         size_t map_len;
 333
 334         params.cmdname = *argv;
 335         params.addr = 0;
 336         params.ep = 0;
 337
 338         process_args(argc, argv);
 339
 340         /* set tparams as per input type_id */
 341         tparams = imagetool_get_type(params.type);
 342         if (tparams == NULL) {
 343                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: unsupported type %s\n",
 344                         params.cmdname, genimg_get_type_name(params.type));
 345                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 346         }
 347
 348         /*
 349          * check the passed arguments parameters meets the requirements
 350          * as per image type to be generated/listed
 351          */
 352         if (tparams->check_params)
 353                 if (tparams->check_params (&params))
 354                         usage("Bad parameters for image type");
 355
 356         if (!params.eflag) {
 357                 params.ep = params.addr;
 358                 /* If XIP, entry point must be after the U-Boot header */
 359                 if (params.xflag)
 360                         params.ep += tparams->header_size;
 361         }
 362
 363         if (params.fflag){
 364                 if (tparams->fflag_handle)
 365                         /*
 366                          * in some cases, some additional processing needs
 367                          * to be done if fflag is defined
 368                          *
 369                          * For ex. fit_handle_file for Fit file support
 370                          */
 371                         retval = tparams->fflag_handle(&params);
 372
 373                 if (retval != EXIT_SUCCESS)
 374                         exit (retval);
 375         }
 376
 377         if (params.lflag || params.fflag) {
 378                 ifd = open (params.imagefile, O_RDONLY|O_BINARY);
 379         } else {
 380                 ifd = open (params.imagefile,
 381                         O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_BINARY, 0666);
 382         }
 383
 384         if (ifd < 0) {
 385                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't open %s: %s\n",
 386                         params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
 387                         strerror(errno));
 388                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 389         }
 390
 391         if (params.lflag || params.fflag) {
 392                 /*
 393                  * list header information of existing image
 394                  */
 395                 if (fstat(ifd, &sbuf) < 0) {
 396                         fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't stat %s: %s\n",
 397                                 params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
 398                                 strerror(errno));
 399                         exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 400                 }
 401
 402                 if ((unsigned)sbuf.st_size < tparams->header_size) {
 403                         fprintf (stderr,
 404                                 "%s: Bad size: \"%s\" is not valid image\n",
 405                                 params.cmdname, params.imagefile);
 406                         exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 407                 }
 408
 409                 ptr = mmap(0, sbuf.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, ifd, 0);
 410                 if (ptr == MAP_FAILED) {
 411                         fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't read %s: %s\n",
 412                                 params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
 413                                 strerror(errno));
 414                         exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 415                 }
 416
 417                 if (params.fflag) {
 418                         /*
 419                          * Verifies the header format based on the expected header for image
 420                          * type in tparams
 421                          */
 422                         retval = imagetool_verify_print_header_by_type(ptr, &sbuf,
 423                                         tparams, &params);
 424                 } else {
 425                         /**
 426                          * When listing the image, we are not given the image type. Simply check all
 427                          * image types to find one that matches our header
 428                          */
 429                         retval = imagetool_verify_print_header(ptr, &sbuf,
 430                                         tparams, &params);
 431                 }
 432
 433                 (void) munmap((void *)ptr, sbuf.st_size);
 434                 (void) close (ifd);
 435
 436                 exit (retval);
 437         }
 438
 439         if ((params.type != IH_TYPE_MULTI) && (params.type != IH_TYPE_SCRIPT)) {
 440                 dfd = open(params.datafile, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
 441                 if (dfd < 0) {
 442                         fprintf(stderr, "%s: Can't open %s: %s\n",
 443                                 params.cmdname, params.datafile,
 444                                 strerror(errno));
 445                         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 446                 }
 447
 448                 if (fstat(dfd, &sbuf) < 0) {
 449                         fprintf(stderr, "%s: Can't stat %s: %s\n",
 450                                 params.cmdname, params.datafile,
 451                                 strerror(errno));
 452                         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 453                 }
 454
 455                 params.file_size = sbuf.st_size + tparams->header_size;
 456                 close(dfd);
 457         }
 458
 459         /*
 460          * In case there an header with a variable
 461          * length will be added, the corresponding
 462          * function is called. This is responsible to
 463          * allocate memory for the header itself.
 464          */
 465         if (tparams->vrec_header)
 466                 pad_len = tparams->vrec_header(&params, tparams);
 467         else
 468                 memset(tparams->hdr, 0, tparams->header_size);
 469
 470         if (write(ifd, tparams->hdr, tparams->header_size)
 471                                         != tparams->header_size) {
 472                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
 473                         params.cmdname, params.imagefile, strerror(errno));
 474                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 475         }
 476
 477         if (!params.skipcpy) {
 478                 if (params.type == IH_TYPE_MULTI ||
 479                     params.type == IH_TYPE_SCRIPT) {
 480                         char *file = params.datafile;
 481                         uint32_t size;
 482
 483                         for (;;) {
 484                                 char *sep = NULL;
 485
 486                                 if (file) {
 487                                         if ((sep = strchr(file, ':')) != NULL) {
 488                                                 *sep = '\0';
 489                                         }
 490
 491                                         if (stat (file, &sbuf) < 0) {
 492                                                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't stat %s: %s\n",
 493                                                          params.cmdname, file, strerror(errno));
 494                                                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 495                                         }
 496                                         size = cpu_to_uimage (sbuf.st_size);
 497                                 } else {
 498                                         size = 0;
 499                                 }
 500
 501                                 if (write(ifd, (char *)&size, sizeof(size)) != sizeof(size)) {
 502                                         fprintf (stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
 503                                                  params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
 504                                                  strerror(errno));
 505                                         exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 506                                 }
 507
 508                                 if (!file) {
 509                                         break;
 510                                 }
 511
 512                                 if (sep) {
 513                                         *sep = ':';
 514                                         file = sep + 1;
 515                                 } else {
 516                                         file = NULL;
 517                                 }
 518                         }
 519
 520                         file = params.datafile;
 521
 522                         for (;;) {
 523                                 char *sep = strchr(file, ':');
 524                                 if (sep) {
 525                                         *sep = '\0';
 526                                         copy_file (ifd, file, 1);
 527                                         *sep++ = ':';
 528                                         file = sep;
 529                                 } else {
 530                                         copy_file (ifd, file, 0);
 531                                         break;
 532                                 }
 533                         }
 534                 } else if (params.type == IH_TYPE_PBLIMAGE) {
 535                         /* PBL has special Image format, implements its' own */
 536                         pbl_load_uboot(ifd, &params);
 537                 } else if (params.type == IH_TYPE_ZYNQMPBIF) {
 538                         /* Image file is meta, walk through actual targets */
 539                         int ret;
 540
 541                         ret = zynqmpbif_copy_image(ifd, &params);
 542                         if (ret)
 543                                 return ret;
 544                 } else if (params.type == IH_TYPE_IMX8IMAGE) {
 545                         /* i.MX8/8X has special Image format */
 546                         int ret;
 547
 548                         ret = imx8image_copy_image(ifd, &params);
 549                         if (ret)
 550                                 return ret;
 551                 } else if (params.type == IH_TYPE_IMX8MIMAGE) {
 552                         /* i.MX8M has special Image format */
 553                         int ret;
 554
 555                         ret = imx8mimage_copy_image(ifd, &params);
 556                         if (ret)
 557                                 return ret;
 558                 } else if ((params.type == IH_TYPE_RKSD) ||
 559                                 (params.type == IH_TYPE_RKSPI)) {
 560                         /* Rockchip has special Image format */
 561                         int ret;
 562
 563                         ret = rockchip_copy_image(ifd, &params);
 564                         if (ret)
 565                                 return ret;
 566                 } else {
 567                         copy_file(ifd, params.datafile, pad_len);
 568                 }
 569                 if (params.type == IH_TYPE_FIRMWARE_IVT) {
 570                         /* Add alignment and IVT */
 571                         uint32_t aligned_filesize = ALIGN(params.file_size,
 572                                                           0x1000);
 573                         flash_header_v2_t ivt_header = { { 0xd1, 0x2000, 0x40 },
 574                                         params.addr, 0, 0, 0, params.addr
 575                                                         + aligned_filesize
 576                                                         - tparams->header_size,
 577                                         params.addr + aligned_filesize
 578                                                         - tparams->header_size
 579                                                         + 0x20, 0 };
 580                         int i = params.file_size;
 581                         for (; i < aligned_filesize; i++) {
 582                                 if (write(ifd, (char *) &i, 1) != 1) {
 583                                         fprintf(stderr,
 584                                                         "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
 585                                                         params.cmdname,
 586                                                         params.imagefile,
 587                                                         strerror(errno));
 588                                         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 589                                 }
 590                         }
 591                         if (write(ifd, &ivt_header, sizeof(flash_header_v2_t))
 592                                         != sizeof(flash_header_v2_t)) {
 593                                 fprintf(stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
 594                                                 params.cmdname,
 595                                                 params.imagefile,
 596                                                 strerror(errno));
 597                                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 598                         }
 599                 }
 600         }
 601
 602         /* We're a bit of paranoid */
 603 #if defined(_POSIX_SYNCHRONIZED_IO) && \
 604    !defined(__sun__) && \
 605    !defined(__FreeBSD__) && \
 606    !defined(__OpenBSD__) && \
 607    !defined(__APPLE__)
 608         (void) fdatasync (ifd);
 609 #else
 610         (void) fsync (ifd);
 611 #endif
 612
 613         if (fstat(ifd, &sbuf) < 0) {
 614                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't stat %s: %s\n",
 615                         params.cmdname, params.imagefile, strerror(errno));
 616                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 617         }
 618         params.file_size = sbuf.st_size;
 619
 620         map_len = sbuf.st_size;
 621         ptr = mmap(0, map_len, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, ifd, 0);
 622         if (ptr == MAP_FAILED) {
 623                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't map %s: %s\n",
 624                         params.cmdname, params.imagefile, strerror(errno));
 625                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 626         }
 627
 628         /* Setup the image header as per input image type*/
 629         if (tparams->set_header)
 630                 tparams->set_header (ptr, &sbuf, ifd, &params);
 631         else {
 632                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't set header for %s: %s\n",
 633                         params.cmdname, tparams->name, strerror(errno));
 634                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 635         }
 636
 637         /* Print the image information by processing image header */
 638         if (tparams->print_header)
 639                 tparams->print_header (ptr);
 640         else {
 641                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't print header for %s\n",
 642                         params.cmdname, tparams->name);
 643         }
 644
 645         (void)munmap((void *)ptr, map_len);
 646
 647         /* We're a bit of paranoid */
 648 #if defined(_POSIX_SYNCHRONIZED_IO) && \
 649    !defined(__sun__) && \
 650    !defined(__FreeBSD__) && \
 651    !defined(__OpenBSD__) && \
 652    !defined(__APPLE__)
 653         (void) fdatasync (ifd);
 654 #else
 655         (void) fsync (ifd);
 656 #endif
 657
 658         if (close(ifd)) {
 659                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
 660                         params.cmdname, params.imagefile, strerror(errno));
 661                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 662         }
 663
 664         exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
 665 }
 666
 667 static void
 668 copy_file (int ifd, const char *datafile, int pad)
 669 {
 670         int dfd;
 671         struct stat sbuf;
 672         unsigned char *ptr;
 673         int tail;
 674         int zero = 0;
 675         uint8_t zeros[4096];
 676         int offset = 0;
 677         int size, ret;
 678         struct image_type_params *tparams = imagetool_get_type(params.type);
 679
 680         memset(zeros, 0, sizeof(zeros));
 681
 682         if (params.vflag) {
 683                 fprintf (stderr, "Adding Image %s\n", datafile);
 684         }
 685
 686         if ((dfd = open(datafile, O_RDONLY|O_BINARY)) < 0) {
 687                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't open %s: %s\n",
 688                         params.cmdname, datafile, strerror(errno));
 689                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 690         }
 691
 692         if (fstat(dfd, &sbuf) < 0) {
 693                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't stat %s: %s\n",
 694                         params.cmdname, datafile, strerror(errno));
 695                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 696         }
 697
 698         ptr = mmap(0, sbuf.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, dfd, 0);
 699         if (ptr == MAP_FAILED) {
 700                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't read %s: %s\n",
 701                         params.cmdname, datafile, strerror(errno));
 702                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 703         }
 704
 705         if (params.xflag) {
 706                 unsigned char *p = NULL;
 707                 /*
 708                  * XIP: do not append the image_header_t at the
 709                  * beginning of the file, but consume the space
 710                  * reserved for it.
 711                  */
 712
 713                 if ((unsigned)sbuf.st_size < tparams->header_size) {
 714                         fprintf (stderr,
 715                                 "%s: Bad size: \"%s\" is too small for XIP\n",
 716                                 params.cmdname, datafile);
 717                         exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 718                 }
 719
 720                 for (p = ptr; p < ptr + tparams->header_size; p++) {
 721                         if ( *p != 0xff ) {
 722                                 fprintf (stderr,
 723                                         "%s: Bad file: \"%s\" has invalid buffer for XIP\n",
 724                                         params.cmdname, datafile);
 725                                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 726                         }
 727                 }
 728
 729                 offset = tparams->header_size;
 730         }
 731
 732         size = sbuf.st_size - offset;
 733
 734         ret = write(ifd, ptr + offset, size);
 735         if (ret != size) {
 736                 if (ret < 0)
 737                         fprintf (stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
 738                                  params.cmdname, params.imagefile, strerror(errno));
 739                 else if (ret < size)
 740                         fprintf (stderr, "%s: Write only %d/%d bytes, "\
 741                                  "probably no space left on the device\n",
 742                                  params.cmdname, ret, size);
 743                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 744         }
 745
 746         tail = size % 4;
 747         if ((pad == 1) && (tail != 0)) {
 748
 749                 if (write(ifd, (char *)&zero, 4-tail) != 4-tail) {
 750                         fprintf (stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
 751                                 params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
 752                                 strerror(errno));
 753                         exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 754                 }
 755         } else if (pad > 1) {
 756                 while (pad > 0) {
 757                         int todo = sizeof(zeros);
 758
 759                         if (todo > pad)
 760                                 todo = pad;
 761                         if (write(ifd, (char *)&zeros, todo) != todo) {
 762                                 fprintf(stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
 763                                         params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
 764                                         strerror(errno));
 765                                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 766                         }
 767                         pad -= todo;
 768                 }
 769         }
 770
 771         (void) munmap((void *)ptr, sbuf.st_size);
 772         (void) close (dfd);
 773 }