tools/mkimage.c

   1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
   2 /*
   3  * (C) Copyright 2008 Semihalf
   4  *
   5  * (C) Copyright 2000-2009
   6  * DENX Software Engineering
   7  * Wolfgang Denk, wd@denx.de
   8  */
   9
  10 #include "mkimage.h"
  11 #include "imximage.h"
  12 #include <image.h>
  13 #include <version.h>
  14
  15 static void copy_file(int, const char *, int);
  16
  17 /* parameters initialized by core will be used by the image type code */
  18 static struct image_tool_params params = {
  19         .os = IH_OS_LINUX,
  20         .arch = IH_ARCH_PPC,
  21         .type = IH_TYPE_KERNEL,
  22         .comp = IH_COMP_GZIP,
  23         .dtc = MKIMAGE_DEFAULT_DTC_OPTIONS,
  24         .imagename = "",
  25         .imagename2 = "",
  26 };
  27
  28 static enum ih_category cur_category;
  29
  30 static int h_compare_category_name(const void *vtype1, const void *vtype2)
  31 {
  32         const int *type1 = vtype1;
  33         const int *type2 = vtype2;
  34         const char *name1 = genimg_get_cat_short_name(cur_category, *type1);
  35         const char *name2 = genimg_get_cat_short_name(cur_category, *type2);
  36
  37         return strcmp(name1, name2);
  38 }
  39
  40 static int show_valid_options(enum ih_category category)
  41 {
  42         int *order;
  43         int count;
  44         int item;
  45         int i;
  46
  47         count = genimg_get_cat_count(category);
  48         order = calloc(count, sizeof(*order));
  49         if (!order)
  50                 return -ENOMEM;
  51
  52         /* Sort the names in order of short name for easier reading */
  53         for (item = 0; item < count; item++)
  54                 order[item] = item;
  55         cur_category = category;
  56         qsort(order, count, sizeof(int), h_compare_category_name);
  57
  58         fprintf(stderr, "\nInvalid %s, supported are:\n",
  59                 genimg_get_cat_desc(category));
  60         for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
  61                 item = order[i];
  62                 fprintf(stderr, "\t%-15s  %s\n",
  63                         genimg_get_cat_short_name(category, item),
  64                         genimg_get_cat_name(category, item));
  65         }
  66         fprintf(stderr, "\n");
  67         free(order);
  68
  69         return 0;
  70 }
  71
  72 static void usage(const char *msg)
  73 {
  74         fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", msg);
  75         fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s -l image\n"
  76                          "          -l ==> list image header information\n",
  77                 params.cmdname);
  78         fprintf(stderr,
  79                 "       %s [-x] -A arch -O os -T type -C comp -a addr -e ep -n name -d data_file[:data_file...] image\n"
  80                 "          -A ==> set architecture to 'arch'\n"
  81                 "          -O ==> set operating system to 'os'\n"
  82                 "          -T ==> set image type to 'type'\n"
  83                 "          -C ==> set compression type 'comp'\n"
  84                 "          -a ==> set load address to 'addr' (hex)\n"
  85                 "          -e ==> set entry point to 'ep' (hex)\n"
  86                 "          -n ==> set image name to 'name'\n"
  87                 "          -d ==> use image data from 'datafile'\n"
  88                 "          -x ==> set XIP (execute in place)\n",
  89                 params.cmdname);
  90         fprintf(stderr,
  91                 "       %s [-D dtc_options] [-f fit-image.its|-f auto|-F] [-b <dtb> [-b <dtb>]] [-i <ramdisk.cpio.gz>] fit-image\n"
  92                 "           <dtb> file is used with -f auto, it may occur multiple times.\n",
  93                 params.cmdname);
  94         fprintf(stderr,
  95                 "          -D => set all options for device tree compiler\n"
  96                 "          -f => input filename for FIT source\n"
  97                 "          -i => input filename for ramdisk file\n");
  98 #ifdef CONFIG_FIT_SIGNATURE
  99         fprintf(stderr,
 100                 "Signing / verified boot options: [-E] [-k keydir] [-K dtb] [ -c <comment>] [-p addr] [-r] [-N engine]\n"
 101                 "          -E => place data outside of the FIT structure\n"
 102                 "          -k => set directory containing private keys\n"
 103                 "          -K => write public keys to this .dtb file\n"
 104                 "          -c => add comment in signature node\n"
 105                 "          -F => re-sign existing FIT image\n"
 106                 "          -p => place external data at a static position\n"
 107                 "          -r => mark keys used as 'required' in dtb\n"
 108                 "          -N => engine to use for signing (pkcs11)\n");
 109 #else
 110         fprintf(stderr,
 111                 "Signing / verified boot not supported (CONFIG_FIT_SIGNATURE undefined)\n");
 112 #endif
 113         fprintf(stderr, "       %s -V ==> print version information and exit\n",
 114                 params.cmdname);
 115         fprintf(stderr, "Use '-T list' to see a list of available image types\n");
 116
 117         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 118 }
 119
 120 static int add_content(int type, const char *fname)
 121 {
 122         struct content_info *cont;
 123
 124         cont = calloc(1, sizeof(*cont));
 125         if (!cont)
 126                 return -1;
 127         cont->type = type;
 128         cont->fname = fname;
 129         if (params.content_tail)
 130                 params.content_tail->next = cont;
 131         else
 132                 params.content_head = cont;
 133         params.content_tail = cont;
 134
 135         return 0;
 136 }
 137
 138 static void process_args(int argc, char **argv)
 139 {
 140         char *ptr;
 141         int type = IH_TYPE_INVALID;
 142         char *datafile = NULL;
 143         int opt;
 144
 145         while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv,
 146                              "a:A:b:c:C:d:D:e:Ef:Fk:i:K:ln:N:p:O:rR:qsT:vVx")) != -1) {
 147                 switch (opt) {
 148                 case 'a':
 149                         params.addr = strtoull(optarg, &ptr, 16);
 150                         if (*ptr) {
 151                                 fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid load address %s\n",
 152                                         params.cmdname, optarg);
 153                                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 154                         }
 155                         break;
 156                 case 'A':
 157                         params.arch = genimg_get_arch_id(optarg);
 158                         if (params.arch < 0) {
 159                                 show_valid_options(IH_ARCH);
 160                                 usage("Invalid architecture");
 161                         }
 162                         break;
 163                 case 'b':
 164                         if (add_content(IH_TYPE_FLATDT, optarg)) {
 165                                 fprintf(stderr,
 166                                         "%s: Out of memory adding content '%s'",
 167                                         params.cmdname, optarg);
 168                                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 169                         }
 170                         break;
 171                 case 'c':
 172                         params.comment = optarg;
 173                         break;
 174                 case 'C':
 175                         params.comp = genimg_get_comp_id(optarg);
 176                         if (params.comp < 0) {
 177                                 show_valid_options(IH_COMP);
 178                                 usage("Invalid compression type");
 179                         }
 180                         break;
 181                 case 'd':
 182                         params.datafile = optarg;
 183                         params.dflag = 1;
 184                         break;
 185                 case 'D':
 186                         params.dtc = optarg;
 187                         break;
 188                 case 'e':
 189                         params.ep = strtoull(optarg, &ptr, 16);
 190                         if (*ptr) {
 191                                 fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid entry point %s\n",
 192                                         params.cmdname, optarg);
 193                                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 194                         }
 195                         params.eflag = 1;
 196                         break;
 197                 case 'E':
 198                         params.external_data = true;
 199                         break;
 200                 case 'f':
 201                         datafile = optarg;
 202                         params.auto_its = !strcmp(datafile, "auto");
 203                         /* no break */
 204                 case 'F':
 205                         /*
 206                          * The flattened image tree (FIT) format
 207                          * requires a flattened device tree image type
 208                          */
 209                         params.type = IH_TYPE_FLATDT;
 210                         params.fflag = 1;
 211                         break;
 212                 case 'i':
 213                         params.fit_ramdisk = optarg;
 214                         break;
 215                 case 'k':
 216                         params.keydir = optarg;
 217                         break;
 218                 case 'K':
 219                         params.keydest = optarg;
 220                         break;
 221                 case 'l':
 222                         params.lflag = 1;
 223                         break;
 224                 case 'n':
 225                         params.imagename = optarg;
 226                         break;
 227                 case 'N':
 228                         params.engine_id = optarg;
 229                         break;
 230                 case 'O':
 231                         params.os = genimg_get_os_id(optarg);
 232                         if (params.os < 0) {
 233                                 show_valid_options(IH_OS);
 234                                 usage("Invalid operating system");
 235                         }
 236                         break;
 237                 case 'p':
 238                         params.external_offset = strtoull(optarg, &ptr, 16);
 239                         if (*ptr) {
 240                                 fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid offset size %s\n",
 241                                         params.cmdname, optarg);
 242                                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 243                         }
 244                         break;
 245                 case 'q':
 246                         params.quiet = 1;
 247                         break;
 248                 case 'r':
 249                         params.require_keys = 1;
 250                         break;
 251                 case 'R':
 252                         /*
 253                          * This entry is for the second configuration
 254                          * file, if only one is not enough.
 255                          */
 256                         params.imagename2 = optarg;
 257                         break;
 258                 case 's':
 259                         params.skipcpy = 1;
 260                         break;
 261                 case 'T':
 262                         if (strcmp(optarg, "list") == 0) {
 263                                 show_valid_options(IH_TYPE);
 264                                 exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
 265                         }
 266                         type = genimg_get_type_id(optarg);
 267                         if (type < 0) {
 268                                 show_valid_options(IH_TYPE);
 269                                 usage("Invalid image type");
 270                         }
 271                         break;
 272                 case 'v':
 273                         params.vflag++;
 274                         break;
 275                 case 'V':
 276                         printf("mkimage version %s\n", PLAIN_VERSION);
 277                         exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
 278                 case 'x':
 279                         params.xflag++;
 280                         break;
 281                 default:
 282                         usage("Invalid option");
 283                 }
 284         }
 285
 286         /* The last parameter is expected to be the imagefile */
 287         if (optind < argc)
 288                 params.imagefile = argv[optind];
 289
 290         /*
 291          * For auto-generated FIT images we need to know the image type to put
 292          * in the FIT, which is separate from the file's image type (which
 293          * will always be IH_TYPE_FLATDT in this case).
 294          */
 295         if (params.type == IH_TYPE_FLATDT) {
 296                 params.fit_image_type = type ? type : IH_TYPE_KERNEL;
 297                 /* For auto_its, datafile is always 'auto' */
 298                 if (!params.auto_its)
 299                         params.datafile = datafile;
 300                 else if (!params.datafile)
 301                         usage("Missing data file for auto-FIT (use -d)");
 302         } else if (type != IH_TYPE_INVALID) {
 303                 if (type == IH_TYPE_SCRIPT && !params.datafile)
 304                         usage("Missing data file for script (use -d)");
 305                 params.type = type;
 306         }
 307
 308         if (!params.imagefile)
 309                 usage("Missing output filename");
 310 }
 311
 312 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 313 {
 314         int ifd = -1;
 315         struct stat sbuf;
 316         char *ptr;
 317         int retval = 0;
 318         struct image_type_params *tparams = NULL;
 319         int pad_len = 0;
 320         int dfd;
 321         size_t map_len;
 322
 323         params.cmdname = *argv;
 324         params.addr = 0;
 325         params.ep = 0;
 326
 327         process_args(argc, argv);
 328
 329         /* set tparams as per input type_id */
 330         tparams = imagetool_get_type(params.type);
 331         if (tparams == NULL) {
 332                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: unsupported type %s\n",
 333                         params.cmdname, genimg_get_type_name(params.type));
 334                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 335         }
 336
 337         /*
 338          * check the passed arguments parameters meets the requirements
 339          * as per image type to be generated/listed
 340          */
 341         if (tparams->check_params)
 342                 if (tparams->check_params (&params))
 343                         usage("Bad parameters for image type");
 344
 345         if (!params.eflag) {
 346                 params.ep = params.addr;
 347                 /* If XIP, entry point must be after the U-Boot header */
 348                 if (params.xflag)
 349                         params.ep += tparams->header_size;
 350         }
 351
 352         if (params.fflag){
 353                 if (tparams->fflag_handle)
 354                         /*
 355                          * in some cases, some additional processing needs
 356                          * to be done if fflag is defined
 357                          *
 358                          * For ex. fit_handle_file for Fit file support
 359                          */
 360                         retval = tparams->fflag_handle(&params);
 361
 362                 if (retval != EXIT_SUCCESS)
 363                         exit (retval);
 364         }
 365
 366         if (params.lflag || params.fflag) {
 367                 ifd = open (params.imagefile, O_RDONLY|O_BINARY);
 368         } else {
 369                 ifd = open (params.imagefile,
 370                         O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_BINARY, 0666);
 371         }
 372
 373         if (ifd < 0) {
 374                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't open %s: %s\n",
 375                         params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
 376                         strerror(errno));
 377                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 378         }
 379
 380         if (params.lflag || params.fflag) {
 381                 /*
 382                  * list header information of existing image
 383                  */
 384                 if (fstat(ifd, &sbuf) < 0) {
 385                         fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't stat %s: %s\n",
 386                                 params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
 387                                 strerror(errno));
 388                         exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 389                 }
 390
 391                 if ((unsigned)sbuf.st_size < tparams->header_size) {
 392                         fprintf (stderr,
 393                                 "%s: Bad size: \"%s\" is not valid image\n",
 394                                 params.cmdname, params.imagefile);
 395                         exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 396                 }
 397
 398                 ptr = mmap(0, sbuf.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, ifd, 0);
 399                 if (ptr == MAP_FAILED) {
 400                         fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't read %s: %s\n",
 401                                 params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
 402                                 strerror(errno));
 403                         exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 404                 }
 405
 406                 /*
 407                  * scan through mkimage registry for all supported image types
 408                  * and verify the input image file header for match
 409                  * Print the image information for matched image type
 410                  * Returns the error code if not matched
 411                  */
 412                 retval = imagetool_verify_print_header(ptr, &sbuf,
 413                                 tparams, &params);
 414
 415                 (void) munmap((void *)ptr, sbuf.st_size);
 416                 (void) close (ifd);
 417
 418                 exit (retval);
 419         }
 420
 421         if ((params.type != IH_TYPE_MULTI) && (params.type != IH_TYPE_SCRIPT)) {
 422                 dfd = open(params.datafile, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
 423                 if (dfd < 0) {
 424                         fprintf(stderr, "%s: Can't open %s: %s\n",
 425                                 params.cmdname, params.datafile,
 426                                 strerror(errno));
 427                         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 428                 }
 429
 430                 if (fstat(dfd, &sbuf) < 0) {
 431                         fprintf(stderr, "%s: Can't stat %s: %s\n",
 432                                 params.cmdname, params.datafile,
 433                                 strerror(errno));
 434                         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 435                 }
 436
 437                 params.file_size = sbuf.st_size + tparams->header_size;
 438                 close(dfd);
 439         }
 440
 441         /*
 442          * In case there an header with a variable
 443          * length will be added, the corresponding
 444          * function is called. This is responsible to
 445          * allocate memory for the header itself.
 446          */
 447         if (tparams->vrec_header)
 448                 pad_len = tparams->vrec_header(&params, tparams);
 449         else
 450                 memset(tparams->hdr, 0, tparams->header_size);
 451
 452         if (write(ifd, tparams->hdr, tparams->header_size)
 453                                         != tparams->header_size) {
 454                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
 455                         params.cmdname, params.imagefile, strerror(errno));
 456                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 457         }
 458
 459         if (!params.skipcpy) {
 460                 if (params.type == IH_TYPE_MULTI ||
 461                     params.type == IH_TYPE_SCRIPT) {
 462                         char *file = params.datafile;
 463                         uint32_t size;
 464
 465                         for (;;) {
 466                                 char *sep = NULL;
 467
 468                                 if (file) {
 469                                         if ((sep = strchr(file, ':')) != NULL) {
 470                                                 *sep = '\0';
 471                                         }
 472
 473                                         if (stat (file, &sbuf) < 0) {
 474                                                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't stat %s: %s\n",
 475                                                          params.cmdname, file, strerror(errno));
 476                                                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 477                                         }
 478                                         size = cpu_to_uimage (sbuf.st_size);
 479                                 } else {
 480                                         size = 0;
 481                                 }
 482
 483                                 if (write(ifd, (char *)&size, sizeof(size)) != sizeof(size)) {
 484                                         fprintf (stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
 485                                                  params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
 486                                                  strerror(errno));
 487                                         exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 488                                 }
 489
 490                                 if (!file) {
 491                                         break;
 492                                 }
 493
 494                                 if (sep) {
 495                                         *sep = ':';
 496                                         file = sep + 1;
 497                                 } else {
 498                                         file = NULL;
 499                                 }
 500                         }
 501
 502                         file = params.datafile;
 503
 504                         for (;;) {
 505                                 char *sep = strchr(file, ':');
 506                                 if (sep) {
 507                                         *sep = '\0';
 508                                         copy_file (ifd, file, 1);
 509                                         *sep++ = ':';
 510                                         file = sep;
 511                                 } else {
 512                                         copy_file (ifd, file, 0);
 513                                         break;
 514                                 }
 515                         }
 516                 } else if (params.type == IH_TYPE_PBLIMAGE) {
 517                         /* PBL has special Image format, implements its' own */
 518                         pbl_load_uboot(ifd, &params);
 519                 } else if (params.type == IH_TYPE_ZYNQMPBIF) {
 520                         /* Image file is meta, walk through actual targets */
 521                         int ret;
 522
 523                         ret = zynqmpbif_copy_image(ifd, &params);
 524                         if (ret)
 525                                 return ret;
 526                 } else if (params.type == IH_TYPE_IMX8IMAGE) {
 527                         /* i.MX8/8X has special Image format */
 528                         int ret;
 529
 530                         ret = imx8image_copy_image(ifd, &params);
 531                         if (ret)
 532                                 return ret;
 533                 } else {
 534                         copy_file(ifd, params.datafile, pad_len);
 535                 }
 536                 if (params.type == IH_TYPE_FIRMWARE_IVT) {
 537                         /* Add alignment and IVT */
 538                         uint32_t aligned_filesize = (params.file_size + 0x1000
 539                                         - 1) & ~(0x1000 - 1);
 540                         flash_header_v2_t ivt_header = { { 0xd1, 0x2000, 0x40 },
 541                                         params.addr, 0, 0, 0, params.addr
 542                                                         + aligned_filesize
 543                                                         - tparams->header_size,
 544                                         params.addr + aligned_filesize
 545                                                         - tparams->header_size
 546                                                         + 0x20, 0 };
 547                         int i = params.file_size;
 548                         for (; i < aligned_filesize; i++) {
 549                                 if (write(ifd, (char *) &i, 1) != 1) {
 550                                         fprintf(stderr,
 551                                                         "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
 552                                                         params.cmdname,
 553                                                         params.imagefile,
 554                                                         strerror(errno));
 555                                         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 556                                 }
 557                         }
 558                         if (write(ifd, &ivt_header, sizeof(flash_header_v2_t))
 559                                         != sizeof(flash_header_v2_t)) {
 560                                 fprintf(stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
 561                                                 params.cmdname,
 562                                                 params.imagefile,
 563                                                 strerror(errno));
 564                                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 565                         }
 566                 }
 567         }
 568
 569         /* We're a bit of paranoid */
 570 #if defined(_POSIX_SYNCHRONIZED_IO) && \
 571    !defined(__sun__) && \
 572    !defined(__FreeBSD__) && \
 573    !defined(__OpenBSD__) && \
 574    !defined(__APPLE__)
 575         (void) fdatasync (ifd);
 576 #else
 577         (void) fsync (ifd);
 578 #endif
 579
 580         if (fstat(ifd, &sbuf) < 0) {
 581                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't stat %s: %s\n",
 582                         params.cmdname, params.imagefile, strerror(errno));
 583                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 584         }
 585         params.file_size = sbuf.st_size;
 586
 587         map_len = sbuf.st_size;
 588         ptr = mmap(0, map_len, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, ifd, 0);
 589         if (ptr == MAP_FAILED) {
 590                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't map %s: %s\n",
 591                         params.cmdname, params.imagefile, strerror(errno));
 592                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 593         }
 594
 595         /* Setup the image header as per input image type*/
 596         if (tparams->set_header)
 597                 tparams->set_header (ptr, &sbuf, ifd, &params);
 598         else {
 599                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't set header for %s: %s\n",
 600                         params.cmdname, tparams->name, strerror(errno));
 601                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 602         }
 603
 604         /* Print the image information by processing image header */
 605         if (tparams->print_header)
 606                 tparams->print_header (ptr);
 607         else {
 608                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't print header for %s\n",
 609                         params.cmdname, tparams->name);
 610         }
 611
 612         (void)munmap((void *)ptr, map_len);
 613
 614         /* We're a bit of paranoid */
 615 #if defined(_POSIX_SYNCHRONIZED_IO) && \
 616    !defined(__sun__) && \
 617    !defined(__FreeBSD__) && \
 618    !defined(__OpenBSD__) && \
 619    !defined(__APPLE__)
 620         (void) fdatasync (ifd);
 621 #else
 622         (void) fsync (ifd);
 623 #endif
 624
 625         if (close(ifd)) {
 626                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
 627                         params.cmdname, params.imagefile, strerror(errno));
 628                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 629         }
 630
 631         exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
 632 }
 633
 634 static void
 635 copy_file (int ifd, const char *datafile, int pad)
 636 {
 637         int dfd;
 638         struct stat sbuf;
 639         unsigned char *ptr;
 640         int tail;
 641         int zero = 0;
 642         uint8_t zeros[4096];
 643         int offset = 0;
 644         int size;
 645         struct image_type_params *tparams = imagetool_get_type(params.type);
 646
 647         memset(zeros, 0, sizeof(zeros));
 648
 649         if (params.vflag) {
 650                 fprintf (stderr, "Adding Image %s\n", datafile);
 651         }
 652
 653         if ((dfd = open(datafile, O_RDONLY|O_BINARY)) < 0) {
 654                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't open %s: %s\n",
 655                         params.cmdname, datafile, strerror(errno));
 656                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 657         }
 658
 659         if (fstat(dfd, &sbuf) < 0) {
 660                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't stat %s: %s\n",
 661                         params.cmdname, datafile, strerror(errno));
 662                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 663         }
 664
 665         ptr = mmap(0, sbuf.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, dfd, 0);
 666         if (ptr == MAP_FAILED) {
 667                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't read %s: %s\n",
 668                         params.cmdname, datafile, strerror(errno));
 669                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 670         }
 671
 672         if (params.xflag) {
 673                 unsigned char *p = NULL;
 674                 /*
 675                  * XIP: do not append the image_header_t at the
 676                  * beginning of the file, but consume the space
 677                  * reserved for it.
 678                  */
 679
 680                 if ((unsigned)sbuf.st_size < tparams->header_size) {
 681                         fprintf (stderr,
 682                                 "%s: Bad size: \"%s\" is too small for XIP\n",
 683                                 params.cmdname, datafile);
 684                         exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 685                 }
 686
 687                 for (p = ptr; p < ptr + tparams->header_size; p++) {
 688                         if ( *p != 0xff ) {
 689                                 fprintf (stderr,
 690                                         "%s: Bad file: \"%s\" has invalid buffer for XIP\n",
 691                                         params.cmdname, datafile);
 692                                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 693                         }
 694                 }
 695
 696                 offset = tparams->header_size;
 697         }
 698
 699         size = sbuf.st_size - offset;
 700         if (write(ifd, ptr + offset, size) != size) {
 701                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
 702                         params.cmdname, params.imagefile, strerror(errno));
 703                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 704         }
 705
 706         tail = size % 4;
 707         if ((pad == 1) && (tail != 0)) {
 708
 709                 if (write(ifd, (char *)&zero, 4-tail) != 4-tail) {
 710                         fprintf (stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
 711                                 params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
 712                                 strerror(errno));
 713                         exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 714                 }
 715         } else if (pad > 1) {
 716                 while (pad > 0) {
 717                         int todo = sizeof(zeros);
 718
 719                         if (todo > pad)
 720                                 todo = pad;
 721                         if (write(ifd, (char *)&zeros, todo) != todo) {
 722                                 fprintf(stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
 723                                         params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
 724                                         strerror(errno));
 725                                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 726                         }
 727                         pad -= todo;
 728                 }
 729         }
 730
 731         (void) munmap((void *)ptr, sbuf.st_size);
 732         (void) close (dfd);
 733 }