3 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
4 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
5 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
7 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
8 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
9 # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
10 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
12 # Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
13 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
14 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
15 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
16 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
18 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
19 # and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
21 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
22 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
23 # I found in the UCLA library.
25 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
26 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
27 # Corrections are welcome!
31 # -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
32 # -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
33 # 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer
34 # 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
35 # 0:00 WET WEST Western Europe
36 # 1:00 CET CEST Central Europe
37 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
40 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
41 # is Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
42 # Oxford University Press (1980).
44 # From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04),
45 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
46 # Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
47 # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
48 # Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
49 # Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
50 # Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
51 # entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
52 # on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
53 # referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
54 # Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
56 # Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
57 # I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
59 # There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
60 # A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
61 # national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
62 # different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
66 ###############################################################################
68 # Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire)
69 # The UK and its colonies adopted the Gregorian calendar on 1752-09-14.
71 # From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06):
73 # On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
74 # historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
75 # and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
78 # `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
79 # beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
80 # was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
81 # this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
82 # made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
83 # but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
84 # along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
86 # I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
87 # position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should
88 # be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
90 # [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
92 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
94 # Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
95 # The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
96 # and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.
97 # The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828);
98 # it was popularized in 1840 by Capt. Basil Hall, RN (1788-1844),
99 # famed explorer and former Commissioner for Longitude.
100 # The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway
101 # in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most
102 # (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847 Sep 22 the
103 # Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be
104 # adopted at all stations; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists most major
105 # railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public
106 # clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the Great Clock
107 # in Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
108 # one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal
109 # system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading
110 # to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13.
111 # The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition
112 # of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880 Aug 2.
114 # In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
115 # transition date for London, namely 1847 Sep 22. We don't know as much
116 # about Dublin, so we use 1880 Aug 2, the legal transition time.
118 # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
119 # Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
120 # a London builder who circulated a pamphlet ``Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
121 # that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
122 # and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
123 # A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
124 # but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
125 # One-hour Summer Time was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
127 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
128 # The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving''
129 # when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
130 # term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
131 # proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''.
133 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
135 # A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
136 # known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
138 # Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
139 # From: Jonathan Leffler <nih-csl!uunet!mcvax!sphinx.co.uk!john>
140 # [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
141 # If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
142 # politics making a fortune, not computing.
144 # From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-14):
145 # I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
146 # acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published
147 # time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
148 # if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
150 # From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-01-12):
151 # The following list attempts to show the complete history of Summer Time
152 # legislation in the United Kingdom, and has quite a bit to say about
153 # the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as well.
155 # Things that I have not personally seen are marked (???). Things that
156 # I haven't seen but Joseph Myers has are marked (jsm). The problem
157 # with finding old Orders (rather than Acts) is that nobody seems to
158 # keep the actual documents themselves, not even the Government. They
159 # get bound into annual volumes, which are published, but by the time
160 # this happens the Orders are mainly spent as the years they refer
161 # to have come and gone, so they don't get included in the annual
164 # Thanks are due to my learned legal friend Lorna Montgomerie, who dug out
165 # the dusty old statutes, to Melanie Allison of the Ministry of Defence,
166 # who provided the wartime regulations and a snippet of Hansard explaining
167 # why double summer time started on a Monday in 1945 (it was Easter),
168 # and to Joseph Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk>, who tracked down the Orders
169 # up to 1945, some of the old Acts, and the first five EC Directives.
173 # Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales
174 # United Kingdom: Great Britain plus Ireland (up to 1922) or Northern
175 # Ireland (since 1922)
176 # S.I.: Statutory Instrument, the modern name for secondary legislation
177 # S.R.&O.: Statutory Rules and Orders, the older name for secondary legislation
179 # Unless otherwise specified, Acts and secondary legislation are assumed
180 # to apply throughout the United Kingdom, but not to the Isle of Man
181 # or the Channel Islands.
183 # Some of the Acts and Orders I found in various libraries, and I don't
184 # have copies. When I looked at them I was looking for dates and not things
185 # like whether they applied to the Bailiwick of Jersey. I will try to
186 # check these documents again.
190 # - The Statutes (Definition of Time) Act, 1880 (43 & 44 Vict. c. 9)
192 # Defined Greenwich mean time to be the standard time in Great Britain
193 # and Dublin mean time to be the standard time in Ireland, superseding
194 # various forms of local mean time.
196 # - The Statutory Time Act, 1883 (???)
198 # An Act of Tynwald, the Isle of Man Parliament. It appears to have
199 # defined the standard time on the Isle of Man as GMT but as I haven't
200 # seen it I don't know if it used Greenwich mean time, some other definition,
201 # or just said that Isle of Man time would be the same as in Great Britain.
203 # - The Isle of Man (War Legislation) Act, 1914 (4 & 5 Geo. 5. c. 62) (???)
205 # Gives the power, by Order in Council, to extend wartime legislation
206 # to the Isle of Man.
208 # - The Summer Time Act, 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 14)
210 # Introduced Summer Time for the first time, in Great Britain and Ireland.
211 # Specified a one hour offset from GMT (DMT in Ireland), dates of
212 # Sunday 21 May and Sunday 1 October and times of 02:00 (GMT/DMT).
213 # Gave a power to make Orders in subsequent years, for the duration
214 # of the then current war.
216 # - The Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 45)
218 # This abolished Dublin mean time at 02:00 DMT on Sunday 1 October 1916,
219 # bringing the whole of the United Kingdom onto GMT. As Ireland was behind
220 # GMT/BST at 02:00 DMT on 1 Oct Great Britain had already put the clocks back.
221 # Using Paul Eggert's suggestion of IST for Irish Summer Time and the figure
222 # derived from Whitman for the offset of IST from GMT (00:34:39) the sequence
225 # 02:34:38 IST 02:59:59 BST
226 # 02:34:39 IST 02:00:00 GMT
227 # 02:59:59 IST 02:25:20 GMT
228 # 02:25:21 GMT 02:25:21 GMT
229 # with the transition 03:00:00 IST -> 02:00:00 DMT -> 02:25:21 GMT all at once.
231 # - S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382
233 # An Order made under the Isle of Man (War Legislation) Act, 1914
234 # extending the Summer Time Act, 1916 to the Isle of Man. Dated
235 # 23 May 1916, two days after the start of Summer Time, but it says that
236 # the Act is deemed to have taken effect in the Isle of Man at the same
237 # time as it took effect in the United Kingdom.
239 # - S.R.&O. 1917, No. 362
241 # An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
242 # for Summer Time in 1917 of Sunday 8 April to Monday 17 September,
243 # both at 02:00 GMT. Note that Summer Time ends on a Monday.
245 # - S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
247 # An Order made under the Summer Time (Isle of Man) Act, 1916
248 # (the thing created by S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382) specifying the same
249 # dates of 8 April to 17 September, at 02:00 GMT for the Isle of Man.
251 # - S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
253 # An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
254 # for Summer Time in 1918 of Sunday 24 March to Monday 30 September,
257 # - S.R.&O. 1918, No. 429
259 # The matching Isle of Man Order for 1918 with the same dates and times.
261 # - S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
263 # An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
264 # for Summer Time in 1919 of Sunday 30 March to Monday 29 September,
267 # - S.R.&O. 1919, No. 366
269 # The matching Isle of Man Order for 1919 with the same dates and times.
271 # - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
273 # An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
274 # for Summer Time in 1920 of Sunday 28 March to Monday 27 September,
277 # - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 573
279 # The matching Isle of Man Order for 1920 with the same dates and times.
281 # - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
283 # An Order modifying both S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 and S.R.&O. 1920, No. 573 to
284 # change the end date for Summer Time from Monday 27 September to
285 # Monday 25 October (the time remaining 02:00 GMT). The 1989 Green
286 # Paper (Cm 722) says this was done because of a coal strike.
288 # - The War Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 (10 & 11 Geo. 5. c. 5) (???)
290 # This extends the power to make Orders under the Summer Time Act, 1916
291 # for a period of 12 months after the termination of the war.
292 # I haven't seen this one so I don't know when it came into force, or
293 # when the law deemed the termination of the war to have been.
295 # - S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
297 # An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 and the War
298 # Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 giving dates for Summer Time
299 # in 1921 of Sunday 3 April to Monday 3 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
301 # - S.R.&O. 1921, No. 364
303 # The matching Isle of Man Order for 1921 with the same dates and times.
305 # - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 (???)
307 # This probably defines Summer Time for 1922 as the Summer Time Act, 1922
308 # was passed after the start date. Dates from Cm 722:
309 # 1922: 26 March to 8 October
311 # - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 290 (???)
313 # This is probably the matching Isle of Man Order.
315 # - The Summer Time Act, 1922 (12 & 13 Geo. 5. c. 22)
317 # This specifies an offset of 1 hour and dates of the day after the third
318 # Saturday in April, unless that be Easter, in which case it is the day after
319 # the second Saturday, and the day after the third Saturday in September.
320 # The time is 02:00 GMT. It applied in 1922 and 1923, and longer if Parliament
321 # so approved. It applied to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as well.
322 # Came into Force on 20 July 1920. Note the reversion to ending on a Sunday.
324 # - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 1205
326 # An Order made under the War Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920
327 # dated 13 October 1922. It revokes (among other things) the Order extending
328 # the Summer Time Act, 1916 to the Isle of Man.
330 # - The Expiring Laws Continuance Act, 1923 (13 & 14 Geo. 5. c. 37) (jsm)
332 # This extended the Summer Time Act, 1922 (among other things) until
335 # - The Expiring Laws Continuance Act, 1924 (15 Geo. 5. c. 1) (jsm)
337 # This further extended the Summer Time Act, 1922 (among other things) until
340 # - The Time Act (Northern Ireland), 1924 (14 & 15 Geo. 5. c. 24 (N.I.))
342 # This Act says that while it remains in force, any Act or Order relating
343 # to the time for general purposes in Great Britain shall also apply
344 # in Northern Ireland, and the Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 shall have effect
347 # - The Summer Time Act, 1925 (15 & 16 Geo. 5. c. 64)
349 # This makes the 1922 Act permanent, with a change to the end date to the
350 # day after the first Saturday in October. Came into force on 7 August 1925.
352 # - The Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939 (2 & 3 Geo. 6. c. 62) (???)
354 # I haven't seen this one. It presumably gave the Government powers to
355 # do all manner of things during the newly started war.
357 # - The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939, S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
359 # These were made under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939.
360 # They change the end date to be the day after the third Saturday in November.
362 # - S.R.&O. 1940, No. 1883
364 # An Order in Council amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
365 # This continues summer time throughout the year after it starts in 1940.
366 # There was another Order (S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172) that I assume had merely
367 # changed the dates, to start on 4 February, and was then superseded by this
368 # one. I haven't seen No. 172 so I don't know what end date it would have
369 # specified. The dates from Cm 722:
370 # 1940: Summer Time starts on 4 February
372 # - S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
374 # Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
375 # This introduces double summer time, starting at 01:00 GMT on the day after
376 # the first Saturday in May and ending at 01:00 GMT on the day after the
377 # second Saturday in August, offset another hour from normal summer time,
378 # which continues throughout the rest of the year.
380 # - S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
382 # Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
383 # This changes the start date of Double Summer Time to the day after the first
384 # Saturday in April, bringing it forward from May.
386 # - S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
388 # This changed the end date of Double Summer Time to 17 September 1944.
389 # (I don't have the text of this, just a note of what it did, the text almost
390 # certainly had the `day after the nth Saturday' form.)
392 # - S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 (???)
394 # Probably defines the dates of Double Summer Time in 1945.
395 # I do have this quote from Hansard (the official record of the United Kingdom
396 # Parliament), Oral Answers, 1 March 1945, cols 1559--60:
398 # `58. Major Sir Goronwy Owen asked the Secretary of State for the Home
399 # Department if he is now able to state the Government's proposals
400 # regarding double summer time.
402 # [two other similar questions omitted]
404 # Mr. H. Morrison: The Government, in reviewing the matter, have
405 # considered, [...] the conclusion has been reached that the adoption of
406 # double summer time from the beginning of April is essential to the
407 # maintenance of the war effort. [...] As 1st April is Easter Sunday,
408 # when very early services are held in many churches, it is proposed that
409 # double summer time shall start not in the night preceding Easter
410 # Sunday, but in the night of Sunday-Monday so that it will operate from
411 # Monday, 2nd April.'
413 # Cm 722 gives dates of:
414 # 1945: Double Summer time: 2 April to 15 July
415 # 1945: Summer Time ends on 7 October
417 # - S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
419 # An Order under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Acts, 1939 and 1940 revoking
420 # a long list of things, including the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
421 # This meant that Summer Time reverted to being set by the 1922 and 1925 Acts.
423 # - The Summer Time Act, 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 16)
425 # Came into force on 11 March 1947. Amended the Summer Time Acts, 1922 and
426 # 1925 to change the dates of Summer Time and to introduce Double Summer Time
427 # (although it doesn't give this, or any, name for this period of 2 hour
428 # offset from GMT). Dates are given for 1947 only and are: 02:00 GMT Sunday
429 # 16 March, 01:00 GMT Sunday 13 April, 01:00 GMT Sunday 10 August, and 02:00
430 # Sunday 2 November. It gave a power to make Orders for subsequent years,
431 # both to vary the dates and to continue Double Summer Time. It applied
432 # to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.
434 # - Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) (???)
435 # - Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) (???)
436 # - Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) (???)
437 # - Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) (???)
438 # - Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) (???)
440 # These presumably give the dates of Summer Time for the relevent years.
441 # There was no Double Summer Time. The dates given in the 1989 Green Paper
442 # for these years are:
443 # 1948: 14 March to 31 October
444 # 1949: 3 April to 30 October
445 # 1950: 16 April to 22 October
446 # 1951: 15 April to 21 October
447 # 1952: 20 April to 26 October
448 # After 1952 things revert back to the 1922 and 1925 Acts.
450 # - The Interpretation Act (Northern Ireland), 1954 (1954 c. 33 (N.I.)) (???)
452 # I presume that section 39 of this Act is similar to section 9 of the
453 # Interpretation Act, 1978 (listed below) in specifying GMT as the
454 # legal time in Northern Ireland, replacing the Time (Ireland) Act, 1916.
456 # - Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
458 # Specified dates of 26 March and 29 October (02:00 GMT) for 1961
460 # - Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
462 # Specified dates of 25 March to 28 October (02:00 GMT) for 1962.
464 # - Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
466 # Specified dates of 31 March to 27 October (02:00 GMT) for 1963.
468 # - Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
470 # Specified dates of 22 March to 25 October (02:00 GMT) for 1964.
472 # - Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
474 # Specified dates for three years (all 02:00 GMT):
475 # 1965: 21 March to 24 October
476 # 1966: 20 March to 23 October
477 # 1967: 19 March to 29 October
479 # - Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
480 # - Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
482 # The first of these specifies dates for 1968 of 18 February for the United
483 # Kingdom but 7 April for the Isle of Man, both ending on 27 October,
484 # all at 02:00 GMT. The second Order changes the Isle of Man start date
485 # to 18 February to match the United Kingdom.
487 # - The British Standard Time Act 1968 (1968 c. 45)
489 # This came into force on 27 October 1968 and continued summer time throughout
490 # the year. It expired at 02:00 GMT on 31 October 1971, as specified in the
491 # Act, as Parliament did not move to make this experment permanent.
492 # It applied to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.
494 # Interestingly, it says baldly `This Act shall come into force on
495 # 27 October 1968', without giving a time. As S1 of the Act merely
496 # stated that `The time for general purposes in the United Kingdom
497 # (to be known as British standard time) shall be one hour in
498 # advance of Greenwich mean time throughout the year; ...' you could
499 # possibly argue that the start time of BStandardT was 00:00 1968-10-27,
500 # especially as the Act repealed the Summer Time Acts 1916--1947 in toto,
501 # thereby destroying the authority of the Summer Time Order specifying
502 # summer time in 1968.
504 # - The Manx Time Act 1968
506 # This is an Act of Tynwald (the Isle of Man Parliament) that said that
507 # henceforth Manx time would be the same as the time in Great Britain.
509 # - The Summer Time Act 1972 (1972 c. 6)
511 # This specified a reversion to normal Summer Time behaviour with a start
512 # date of the day after the third Saturday in March, unless that is Easter,
513 # when it is the day after the second Saturday, and an end date of the day
514 # after the fourth Saturday in October. Times are at 02:00 GMT, offset is
515 # 1 hour. It gives the power to make Orders to vary these dates and
516 # times. This Act is still in force and is the legal authority for
517 # implementing the EC Directives in the United Kingdom.
519 # - The Interpretation Act 1978 (1978 c. 30)
521 # Section 9 of this Act replaces section 1 of the Statutes (Definition of
522 # Time) Act, 1880 with very similar wording maintaining GMT as the legal
523 # time in Great Britain. This does not apply in Northern Ireland (it
524 # has its own Interpretation Act listed above).
526 # - Council Directive of 22 July 1980 on summertime arrangements (80/737/EEC)
528 # The first of the European Directives on Summer Time. It specified start
529 # dates for 1981 and 1982. No agreement had been reached on end dates.
530 # Only dates were given, there was no rule like `last Sunday in March'.
531 # The main change for the United Kingdom was a move to a 01:00 GMT change
536 # - Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
538 # Specified dates for 1981 and 1982, with the start dates as in the
539 # EC Directive and all times 01:00 GMT:
540 # 1981: 29 March to 25 October
541 # 1982: 28 March to 24 October
543 # - Second Council Directive of 10 June 1982 on summertime arrangements
546 # The next European Directive. Specified dates for three years, 1983 to 1985.
547 # Agreement still hadn't been reached on a common end date, and wouldn't
548 # be until 1994 with the appeareance of the seventh Directive with a common
549 # date for 1996 and beyond, but this time the Directive gave two sets of
550 # end dates. The start date was specified by rule: the last Sunday in March.
551 # All times were 01:00 GMT. The end dates were given without rule, as:
552 # 1983: 25 September or 23 October
553 # 1984: 30 September or 28 october
554 # 1985: 29 September or 27 October
556 # - Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
558 # Implemented the second EC Directive, using the October end dates.
559 # 1983: 27 March to 23 October
560 # 1984: 25 March to 28 october
561 # 1985: 31 March to 27 October
563 # - Third Council Directive of 12 December 1984 on summertime arrangements
566 # Specified start dates of the last Sunday in March and two sets of end
567 # dates, last Sunday in September and fourth Sunday in October, all at
568 # 01:00 GMT. The end dates were also specified as dates:
569 # 1986: 28 September or 26 October
570 # 1987: 27 September or 25 October
571 # 1988: 25 September or 23 October
573 # - Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
575 # Implemented the third EC Directive, using the October end dates.
576 # 1986: 30 March to 26 October
577 # 1987: 29 March to 25 October
578 # 1988: 27 March to 23 October
580 # - Council Directive of 20 December 1985 amending Directive 84/634/EEC
581 # on summertime arrangements (85/582/EEC)
583 # This was to do with the accession of Spain and Portugal to the EEC.
584 # The previous directve had used wording like `Member States belonging
585 # to the zero (Greenwich) time zone' when refering to the different
586 # sets of end dates. Portugal was in that time zone but was not going
587 # to follow the United Kingdom and Ireland dates, so the text was reworded
588 # without any change to the dates themselves.
590 # - Fourth Council Directive of 22 December 1987 on summertime arrangements
593 # This Directive covered only a single year: 1989. My guess is that
594 # this was because 1989 was one of the years when the historic United Kingdom
595 # end date of the Sunday after the fourth Saturday in October differed from
596 # the rule in the previous Directive of the fourth Sunday in October.
597 # All times are 01:00 GMT. No rule was specified, specific dates were given:
598 # 1989: 26 March to 24 September or 29 October
600 # - Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
602 # Implemented the dates of 26 March to 29 October for 1989.
604 # - Fifth Council Directive of 21 December 1988 on summertime arrangements
607 # Covered the three years 1990 to 1992. All times are 01:00 GMT. Gave both
608 # rules (last Sunday in March, last Sunday in September or fourth Sunday
609 # in October) and specific dates:
610 # 1990: 25 March to 30 September or 28 October
611 # 1991: 31 March to 29 September or 27 October
612 # 1992: 29 March to 27 September or 25 October
614 # - Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
616 # Implemented the fifth Directive using the October end dates.
618 # - Sixth Council Directive 92/20/EEC of 26 March 1992 on summertime
621 # Covered the two years 1993 and 1994. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specified
622 # both rules (same as the fifth Directive) and specific dates:
623 # 1993: 28 March to 26 September or 24 October
624 # 1994: 27 March to 25 September or 23 October
626 # - Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
628 # Implemented the sixth Directive using the October end dates.
630 # - Seventh Directive 94/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
631 # of 30 May 1994 on summer-time arrangements
633 # Covered the three years 1995 to 1997. Agreement had finally been reached
634 # on a common end date, to start in 1996. Both rules and dates were given.
635 # The rules were the same last Sunday in March to last Sunday in September
636 # or fourth Sunday in October for 1995, with the end rule changing to the
637 # last Sunday in October for 1996 and 1997. The year 1995 was another of
638 # the tricky ones where the EC and traditional United Kingdom rules differed
639 # but this time the UK changed on the fourth Sunday, 22 October, earlier
640 # than usual. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specific dates were also given:
641 # 1995: 26 March to 24 September or 22 October
642 # 1996: 31 March to 27 October
643 # 1997: 30 March to 26 October
645 # - Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
647 # Implements the seventh Directive using the October end date in 1995.
648 # Applies also to the Bailiwick of Guernsey but not to the Bailiwick of
649 # Jersey or the Isle of Man, which have their own (unspecified) legislation
652 # - Eighth Directive 97/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
653 # of 22 July 1997 on summer-time arrangements
655 # Covers four years: 1998 to 2001. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specifies both
656 # rules, last Sunday in March and last Sunday in October, and specific dates:
657 # 1998: 29 March to 25 October
658 # 1999: 28 March to 31 October
659 # 2000: 26 March to 29 October
660 # 2001: 25 March to 28 October
662 # - Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
664 # Implements the eighth Directive. Has the same text about the Isle of Man,
665 # Guernsey and Jersey as the 1994 Order.
667 # From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@hermes.cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06):
669 # The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
670 # see Lord Tanlaw's speech
671 # <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0">
672 # (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976)
675 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-06-12):
677 # The date `20 April 1924' in the table of ``Summer Time: A
678 # Consultation Document'' (Cm 722, 1989) table is a transcription error;
679 # 20 April was an Easter Sunday. Shanks has 13 April, the correct date.
680 # Also, the table is not quite right for 1925 through 1938; the correct rules
681 # (which Shanks uses) are given in the Summer Time Acts of 1922 and 1925.
682 # Shanks and the UK Government paper disagree about the Apr 1956 transition;
683 # since we have no other data, and since Shanks was correct in the other
684 # points of disagreement about London, we'll believe Shanks for now.
685 # Also, for lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948.
687 # Given Peter Ilieve's comments, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect:
688 # * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
689 # 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
690 # Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
691 # * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.
692 # It actually just had one transition.
693 # * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II.
694 # Actually, it conformed to Britain.
695 # * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.
696 # Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
697 # Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
699 # The following claims by Shanks are possible though doubtful;
700 # we'll ignore them for now.
701 # * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
702 # to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
703 # conform with Great Britain.
704 # * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
707 # Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks.
709 # From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
710 # The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
711 # which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC.
712 # Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
713 # regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
714 # Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
715 # "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
717 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
718 # Summer Time Act, 1916
719 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
720 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
721 # S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
722 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST
723 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT
724 # S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
725 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST
726 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT
727 # S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
728 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST
729 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT
730 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
731 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST
732 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
733 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT
734 # S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
735 Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
736 Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT
737 # S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
738 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST
739 # The Summer Time Act, 1922
740 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT
741 Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
742 Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
743 Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
744 Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
745 # The Summer Time Act, 1925
746 Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
747 Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
748 Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
749 Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
750 Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
751 Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
752 Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
753 Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
754 Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
755 Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
756 Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
757 # S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
758 Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
759 # S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883
760 Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 BST
761 # S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
762 Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
763 Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
764 # S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
765 Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
766 # S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
767 Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST
768 # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
769 Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr 2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
770 # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
771 Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul 15 1:00s 1:00 BST
772 Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
773 Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
774 # The Summer Time Act, 1947
775 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST
776 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST
777 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST
778 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT
779 # Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
780 Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
781 Rule GB-Eire 1948 1949 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 GMT
782 # Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
783 Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
784 # Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
785 # Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
786 # Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
787 Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST
788 Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT
789 # revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925
790 Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
791 Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
792 Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
793 Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
794 Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
795 Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
796 Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
797 # Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
798 # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
799 # Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
800 Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST
801 Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
802 # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
803 # Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
804 # Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
805 Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST
806 # Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
807 Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST
808 # The British Standard Time Act, 1968
810 # The Summer Time Act, 1972
811 Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
812 Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
813 # Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
814 # Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
815 # Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
816 # Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
817 Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST
818 Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT
819 # Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
820 # Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
821 # Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
822 Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
823 # Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
824 # See EU for rules starting in 1996.
826 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
827 Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Sep 22
828 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
829 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
832 Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
833 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
834 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s # Irish Summer Time
835 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
836 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
839 Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
840 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
841 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
842 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
843 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
844 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
845 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
846 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
847 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
848 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
849 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
850 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
853 ###############################################################################
857 # EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,
858 # Common Market, etc.
860 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
861 Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S
862 Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
863 Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 -
864 Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
865 Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
866 Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
868 # W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
869 Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
870 Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
871 Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 -
872 Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
873 Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
874 Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
876 # Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
877 # From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.
878 Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
879 Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
880 Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
881 Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
882 Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S
883 Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
884 Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S
885 Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
886 Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
887 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
888 Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
889 Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
890 Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
891 Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
892 Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
893 Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
894 Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
896 # E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
897 Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
898 Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
899 Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
900 Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
901 Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
902 Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
904 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
905 Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
906 Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
907 Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
908 Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 MST
909 Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
910 Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S
911 Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 -
912 Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
913 # Shanks gives 1921 Mar 21 for the following transition.
914 # From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (1993-11-12):
915 # My sources says, that it is Mar 20, not 21.
916 Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 DS
917 Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S
918 Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
919 Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
920 Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
921 Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
922 Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
923 Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
924 Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
925 Rule Russia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
926 Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
927 Rule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
929 # These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
931 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
932 Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT
933 Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
934 Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
935 Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT
937 # Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST
938 # for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.
940 # From Markus Kuhn <mskuhn@unrza3.dialin.rrze.uni-erlangen.de> (1996-07-12):
941 # The official German names ... are
943 # Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00
944 # Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00
946 # as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
947 # 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
948 # I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
950 # Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
951 # Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"
953 # D-38023 Braunschweig
954 # phone: +49 531 592-0
956 # ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB
957 # department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the
958 # PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as
960 # Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00
961 # Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00
965 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
966 Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S
967 Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
968 Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
969 Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 -
970 Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
971 Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
972 Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
973 Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
974 Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
975 Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
976 Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
977 Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
978 Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
979 Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
980 Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S
981 Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
982 Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S
983 Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
984 Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S
985 Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
986 Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
987 Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
988 Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
989 Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
990 Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
991 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
992 Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914
993 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16
994 # The following transition is from Shanks's 4th edition (1995).
995 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul
999 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1000 Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
1001 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
1002 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
1006 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1007 Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S
1008 Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 -
1009 Rule Austria 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1010 Rule Austria 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
1011 Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
1012 Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1013 Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
1014 Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
1015 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1016 Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr
1017 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Jun 16 3:00
1018 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00
1019 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1020 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
1024 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1025 Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
1026 2:30:20 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
1027 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
1028 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1029 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1030 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1031 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00
1032 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00
1037 # From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
1038 # Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
1039 # Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
1040 # Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991
1041 # (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
1043 # LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
1044 # Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.
1045 # Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie <pascal@belnet.be> for these references.
1046 # The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
1047 # Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
1049 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1050 Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S
1051 Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1052 Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
1053 Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1054 Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
1055 Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1056 Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
1057 Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
1058 Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1059 Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S
1060 Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
1061 Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
1062 Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
1063 Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1064 Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1065 Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
1066 Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S
1067 Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S
1068 Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
1069 Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
1070 Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S
1071 Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
1072 Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
1073 Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
1074 Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S
1075 Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S
1076 Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S
1077 Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 -
1078 Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S
1079 Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 -
1080 Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1081 Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1082 Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S
1083 Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
1084 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1085 Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880
1086 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT
1087 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8
1088 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00
1089 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u
1090 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s
1091 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3
1092 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1095 # Bosnia and Herzegovina
1099 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1100 Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S
1101 Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1102 Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 S
1103 Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
1104 Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
1105 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1106 Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
1107 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
1108 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
1109 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00
1110 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
1111 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00
1112 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
1119 # Gregorian calendar adopted 1584-01-17.
1120 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1121 Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
1122 Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
1123 Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
1124 Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1125 Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
1126 Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
1127 Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
1128 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1129 Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
1130 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
1131 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
1132 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
1135 # Denmark, Faeroe Islands, and Greenland
1136 # Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01.
1137 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1138 Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
1139 Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
1140 Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
1141 Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1142 Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 -
1143 Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S
1144 Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 -
1145 Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
1146 Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
1147 Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S
1148 Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
1149 # Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 to 1949 Oct 1, and disagrees in minor ways
1150 # about many of the above dates; go with Shanks.
1152 # For 1894, Shanks says Jan, Whitman Apr; go with Whitman.
1153 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1154 Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
1155 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time
1156 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1157 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1158 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
1160 Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn
1164 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1165 # Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
1166 # and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
1167 # rules at least through 1984. Shanks says Scoresbysund and Godthab
1168 # used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
1169 # rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980.
1172 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1173 Rule Thule 1993 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1174 Rule Thule 1993 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1176 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1177 Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormit
1178 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1179 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29
1181 Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
1182 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1184 Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik
1188 # From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15):
1189 # A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
1190 # [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
1191 # a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
1193 # From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1996-10-28):
1194 # [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
1195 # but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
1196 # ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
1197 # (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
1198 # conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
1199 # A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
1200 # human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
1201 # summer time next spring.''
1202 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1203 Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
1204 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
1205 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
1206 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May
1207 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
1208 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15
1209 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
1210 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1211 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
1215 # See Sweden for when the Gregorian calendar was adopted.
1217 # From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC):
1218 # Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
1219 # and it's supposed to change at 4am...
1221 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (25 Sep 1994):
1222 # Shanks says Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time since 1981.
1223 # Go with Strang instead.
1225 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1226 Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1227 Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1228 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1229 Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31
1230 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
1231 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00
1235 # Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-12-20.
1236 # French Revolutionary calendar used 1793-11-24 through 1805-12-31,
1237 # and (in Paris only) 1871-05-06 through 1871-05-23.
1239 # Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman.
1240 # From Shanks (1991):
1241 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1242 Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1243 Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
1244 Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
1245 Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1246 Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
1247 Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1248 Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
1249 Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1250 Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
1251 Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
1252 Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1253 Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S
1254 Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
1255 Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
1256 Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
1257 Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1258 Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1259 Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
1260 Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S
1261 Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1262 Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
1263 Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
1264 Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
1265 Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
1266 Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1267 Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
1268 Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
1269 Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1270 Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1271 Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
1272 # The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris,
1273 # but were used in other places (e.g. Monaco).
1274 Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 DS
1275 # Shanks says this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
1276 # but go with Denis.Excoffier@ens.fr (1997-12-12),
1277 # who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
1278 # as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
1279 Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
1280 Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 DS
1281 Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S
1282 Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 DS
1283 Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S
1284 Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 DS
1285 Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S
1286 Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 DS
1287 Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
1288 # Shanks gives Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
1289 # go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT.
1290 Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S
1291 Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 -
1292 # Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman gives 0:09:05,
1293 # but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
1294 # Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
1295 # on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
1296 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1297 Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
1298 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1299 # Shanks gives 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier's 14/6/40 22hUT.
1300 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00
1301 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25
1302 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1303 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1308 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1309 Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1310 Rule Germany 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 DS
1311 Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S
1312 Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
1313 Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
1314 # Whitman gives 1948 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
1315 Rule Germany 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1316 Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
1317 Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 DS
1318 Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S
1319 Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
1320 Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
1321 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1322 Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
1323 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1324 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980
1328 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1329 Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
1330 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00
1335 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1336 # Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks.
1337 Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S
1338 Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
1339 # Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks.
1340 Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S
1341 # Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks.
1342 Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
1343 Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
1344 Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1345 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks.
1346 Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
1347 Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 -
1348 Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S
1349 Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 -
1350 Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S
1351 Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 -
1352 Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
1353 Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 -
1354 Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 -
1355 Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S
1356 Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 -
1357 Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1358 Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
1359 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1360 Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14
1361 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
1362 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30
1363 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4
1364 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981
1365 # Shanks says they switched to C-Eur in 1981;
1366 # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
1370 # Gregorian calendar adopted 1587-11-01.
1371 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1372 Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S
1373 Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 -
1374 Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S
1375 Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 -
1376 Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S
1377 Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
1378 Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S
1379 Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 -
1380 Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
1381 Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1382 Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S
1383 Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S
1384 Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 -
1385 Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S
1386 Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1387 Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1388 Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1389 Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S
1390 Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
1391 Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S
1392 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1393 Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct
1394 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918
1395 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00
1396 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 1 23:00
1397 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s
1402 # From Adam David <adam@veda.is> (1993-11-06):
1403 # The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
1406 # This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
1409 # From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
1410 # behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
1411 # of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which
1412 # was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
1414 # "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
1415 # of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
1416 # time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always
1417 # Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
1420 # I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
1421 # beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
1422 # to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
1423 # the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
1424 # (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
1425 # St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
1426 # might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
1427 # might mean something else (???).
1429 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-12-09):
1430 # The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points.
1431 # We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that
1432 # Reykavik was -1:28 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
1434 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1435 Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S
1436 Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 -
1437 Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 -
1438 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S
1439 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 -
1440 Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
1441 Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 -
1442 Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S
1443 Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 -
1444 Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S
1445 Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 -
1446 # 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
1447 Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1448 Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1449 # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
1450 Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1451 # 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week
1452 Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
1453 Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1454 Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
1455 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1456 Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837
1457 -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time?
1458 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
1462 # Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
1464 # From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06):
1465 # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri
1466 # <a href="http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html">
1467 # Day-light Saving Time in Italy (1996-03-14)
1469 # (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
1470 # publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
1472 # year FP Shanks (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
1473 # 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W
1474 # 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1475 # 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S
1476 # 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W
1477 # 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S
1478 # 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W
1479 # 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S
1480 # 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1481 # 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S
1482 # 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1483 # 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur)
1484 # 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1485 # 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1486 # 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S
1487 # 09-20 09-27 00:00 S
1489 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1490 Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S
1491 Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1492 Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1493 Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1494 Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S
1495 Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
1496 Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S
1497 Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1498 Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 -
1499 Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S
1500 Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 -
1501 Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S
1502 Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 -
1503 Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S
1504 Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 -
1505 Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S
1506 Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 -
1507 Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S
1508 Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 -
1509 Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
1510 Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
1511 Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1512 Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S
1513 Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1514 Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
1515 Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1516 Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1517 Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S
1518 Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1519 Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S
1520 Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1521 Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1522 Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1523 Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
1524 Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1525 Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1526 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1527 Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
1528 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov # Rome Mean Time
1529 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1530 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul
1531 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
1534 Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
1535 Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
1538 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1539 # Rules after 1991 are by extension from Shanks. They contradict
1540 # IATA SSIM (1992/1996), which claims Latvia uses W-Eur rules, but
1541 # Peter Ilieve's relative writes that Latvia switched in September this year,
1542 # so we'll assume that the old C-Eur-style rules still apply.
1543 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1544 Rule Latvia 1992 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1545 Rule Latvia 1992 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1546 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1547 Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880
1548 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
1549 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
1550 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
1551 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
1552 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11
1553 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
1555 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 8
1556 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1557 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1561 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1562 Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun
1567 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1568 Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
1569 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
1570 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
1571 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
1572 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
1573 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
1574 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
1575 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
1576 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1577 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1579 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1580 # IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
1581 # known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
1584 # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks.
1585 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1586 Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
1587 Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1588 Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
1589 Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
1590 Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1591 Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
1592 Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S
1593 Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 -
1594 Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
1595 Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 -
1596 Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S
1597 Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 -
1598 Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S
1599 Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1600 Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S
1601 Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 -
1602 Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S
1603 Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1604 Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
1605 Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
1606 Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
1607 Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
1608 Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
1609 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1610 Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
1611 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
1612 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
1613 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
1614 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
1615 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1622 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1623 Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
1624 Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
1625 Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1626 Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
1627 Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
1628 Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1629 Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1630 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1631 Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta
1632 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1633 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
1634 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
1635 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
1639 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1640 Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1924 May 2
1641 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1642 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1643 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1647 # Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
1648 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1649 Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
1650 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1651 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1652 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1656 # Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
1657 # but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
1658 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1659 # Shanks gives 1916 May 1 0:00 and 1916 Oct 1 0:00; go with Whitman.
1660 Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
1661 Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
1662 Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
1663 Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
1664 # Whitman gives 1918 Apr 14, 1918 Oct 31, and 1921 Sep 28; go with Shanks.
1665 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1666 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep Mon>=24 2:00s 0 AMT
1667 Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 NST
1668 # Whitman gives 1939 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
1669 Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
1670 Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun 1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1671 Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 NST
1672 # Whitman gives 1925 Apr 5; go with Shanks.
1673 Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun 5 2:00s 1:00 NST
1674 # For 1926 through 1930 Whitman gives Apr 15; go with Shanks.
1675 Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1676 Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1677 Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1678 Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1679 Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
1680 Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
1681 # Whitman gives 1939 Apr 15 and 1940 Apr 19; go with Shanks.
1682 Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1683 Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1684 Rule Neth 1945 only - May 20 2:00s 0 -
1685 # Before 1937, Shanks says just `0:20'; we use Whitman's more precise figure.
1686 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1687 Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 May
1688 0:19:28 Neth %s 1937 Jul
1689 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:40
1690 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1691 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
1695 # Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01.
1696 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1697 # Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks.
1698 Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
1699 Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1700 # Shanks omits the following transition; go with Whitman.
1701 Rule Norway 1935 only - Aug 11 0:00 1:00 S
1702 # Whitman says DST observed until 1942 Nov 1, then 1943 Mar 29 - Oct 4,
1703 # 1944 Apr 3 - Oct 2, and 1945 Apr 1 - Oct 1; go with Shanks after 1940.
1704 Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1705 Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
1706 Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1707 Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
1708 Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
1709 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1710 Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895
1711 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
1712 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1713 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
1716 # Svalbard & Jan Mayen
1717 Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
1719 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1720 Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT
1723 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1724 Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1725 Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1726 # Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks.
1727 Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1728 # For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks.
1729 Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S
1730 Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1731 Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 S
1732 Rule Poland 1946 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 -
1733 Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
1734 Rule Poland 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
1735 Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
1736 # Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 - 1949 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
1737 Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S
1738 Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1739 Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S
1740 Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S
1741 Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 -
1742 Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S
1743 Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May Sun>=25 1:00s 1:00 S
1744 Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1745 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1746 Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
1747 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
1748 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
1749 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun
1750 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
1751 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
1752 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00
1754 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_
1755 # <a href="http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml">
1756 # http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24)
1758 # says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00.
1759 # Stick with W-Eur for now.
1762 # Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
1764 # From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12):
1765 # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
1766 # (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
1768 # Martin Bruckmann <martin@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
1769 # that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
1770 # The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
1772 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
1773 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
1774 # at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos.
1775 # IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
1776 # IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
1777 # Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
1778 # harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
1780 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1781 Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S
1782 # Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
1783 Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
1784 Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
1785 Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
1786 Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
1787 Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
1788 Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S
1789 Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
1790 Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
1791 Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
1792 Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
1793 Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1794 Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1795 Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1796 Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
1797 Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1798 # Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks.
1799 Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1800 Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
1801 # Shanks gives 1934 Apr 4; go with Whitman.
1802 Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
1803 # Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks.
1804 Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1805 # Shanks gives 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
1806 Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
1807 Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1808 # Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks.
1809 Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
1810 Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
1811 Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1812 # Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
1813 Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1814 Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S
1815 # Shanks gives 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
1816 Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 -
1817 Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
1818 Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S
1819 Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 DS
1820 Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S
1821 Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 -
1822 Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 DS
1823 Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S
1824 Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 DS
1825 Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S
1826 Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1827 Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
1828 Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1829 # Shanks says DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
1830 # Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks.
1831 Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
1832 Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1833 Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S
1834 Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 -
1835 Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S
1836 Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1837 Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1838 Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
1839 Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
1840 Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1841 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1842 Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884
1843 -0:36:32 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time
1844 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
1845 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
1846 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1847 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
1848 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
1850 Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
1851 -1:55 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time
1852 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time
1853 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1854 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
1855 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
1857 Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
1858 -1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time
1859 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time
1860 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1864 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1865 Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1866 Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
1867 Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S
1868 Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
1869 Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1870 Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
1871 Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1872 Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
1873 Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1874 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1875 Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
1876 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1877 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
1878 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
1879 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994
1884 # From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-12-02):
1885 # On 1929-10-01 the Soviet Union instituted an ``Eternal Calendar''
1886 # with 30-day months plus 5 holidays, with a 5-day week.
1887 # On 1931-12-01 it changed to a 6-day week; in 1934 it reverted to the
1888 # Gregorian calendar while retaining the 6-day week; on 1940-06-27 it
1889 # reverted to the 7-day week. With the 6-day week the usual days
1890 # off were the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th of the month.
1891 # (Source: Evitiar Zerubavel, _The Seven Day Circle_)
1893 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
1894 # Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations,
1895 # and (unless otherwise specified) guessed what happened after 1991.
1896 # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
1897 # are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks and the IATA.
1899 # From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04):
1900 # `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
1901 # Unix-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
1902 # The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
1903 # (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
1905 # From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-10-30):
1906 # According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
1907 # Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
1908 # still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
1910 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1911 Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
1912 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
1913 2:00 Poland CET 1946
1914 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1915 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1916 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1917 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1994
1918 # IATA SSIM (1994-02) says Kaliningrad is at UTC+2; guess 1994 change.
1920 Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880
1921 2:30:20 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
1922 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
1923 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1924 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1925 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1926 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1928 Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
1929 3:00 - KUYT 1957 Mar # Kuybyshev Time
1930 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1931 3:00 1:00 KUYST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1932 3:00 - SAMT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Samara Time
1934 Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:34 - LMT 1924 May 2
1935 4:00 - SVET 1957 Mar # Sverdlovsk Time
1936 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1937 4:00 1:00 SVEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1938 4:00 - SVET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1939 5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time
1940 Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
1941 5:00 - OMST 1957 Mar # Omsk Time
1942 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1943 5:00 1:00 OMSST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1944 5:00 - OMST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1946 # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29):
1947 # But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
1948 # I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
1949 # as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
1950 # so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
1951 Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1952 6:00 - NOVT 1957 Mar # Novosibirsk Time
1953 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1954 6:00 1:00 NOVST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1955 6:00 - NOVT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1956 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1994 Mar 27 2:00s
1957 6:00 1:00 NOVST 1994 Sep 25 2:00s
1959 Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1924 May 2
1960 6:00 - KRAT 1957 Mar # Krasnoyarsk Time
1961 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1962 6:00 1:00 KRAST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1963 6:00 - KRAT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1965 Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880
1966 6:57:20 - IMT 1924 May 2 # Irkutsk Mean Time
1967 7:00 - IRKT 1957 Mar # Irkutsk Time
1968 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1969 7:00 1:00 IRKST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1970 7:00 - IRKT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1972 Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1973 8:00 - YAKT 1957 Mar # Yakutsk Time
1974 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1975 8:00 1:00 YAKST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1976 8:00 - YAKT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1978 Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1880
1979 8:47:44 - VMT 1924 May 2 # Vladivostok MT
1980 9:00 - VLAT 1957 Mar # Vladivostok Time
1981 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1982 9:00 1:00 VLAST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1983 9:00 - VLAT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1985 Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1986 10:00 - MAGT 1957 Mar # Magadan Time
1987 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1988 10:00 1:00 MAGST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1989 10:00 - MAGT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1991 # This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
1992 Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
1993 11:00 - PETT 1957 Mar # P-K Time
1994 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1995 11:00 1:00 PETST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1996 11:00 - PETT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1998 Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
1999 12:00 - ANAT 1957 Mar # Anadyr Time
2000 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2001 12:00 1:00 ANAST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2002 12:00 - ANAT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2006 Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
2012 # Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
2013 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2014 # For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks.
2015 Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S
2016 Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 -
2017 Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
2018 Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
2019 # Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks.
2020 Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
2021 # Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks.
2022 Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
2023 Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
2024 # Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks.
2025 Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2026 Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
2027 Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
2028 Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
2029 # Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; go with Shanks.
2030 Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S
2031 Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2032 Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S
2033 Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
2034 Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S
2035 # Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks.
2036 Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 DS
2037 Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S
2038 Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 DS
2039 Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S
2040 Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S
2041 Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S
2042 Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
2043 Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
2044 Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 -
2045 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S
2046 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
2047 Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S
2048 Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
2049 Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
2050 Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
2051 # The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
2052 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
2053 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2054 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
2055 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
2056 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2057 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
2058 Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
2059 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2060 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
2061 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2062 Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901
2063 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30
2064 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
2066 Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901
2067 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
2068 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
2070 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
2071 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
2074 Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
2075 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time
2076 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
2077 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
2079 # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
2080 # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
2084 # From: msb@sq.com (Mark Brader)
2085 # <a href="news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@sq.com">
2086 # Subject: Re: Gregorian reform -- a part of locale?
2090 # In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian. Sweden
2091 # decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of
2092 # those unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap
2093 # year after 1696 would be in 1744 -- putting the whole country on a calendar
2094 # different from both Julian and Gregorian for a period of 40 years.
2096 # However, in 1704 something went wrong and the plan was not carried through;
2097 # they did, after all, have a leap year that year. And one in 1708. In 1712
2098 # they gave it up and went back to Julian, putting 30 days in February that
2101 # Then in 1753, Sweden made the transition to Gregorian in the usual manner,
2102 # getting there only 13 years behind the original schedule.
2104 # (A previous posting of this story was challenged, and Swedish readers
2105 # produced the following references to support it: "Tiderakning och historia"
2106 # by Natanael Beckman (1924) and "Tid, en bok om tiderakning och
2107 # kalendervasen" by Lars-Olof Lode'n (no date was given).)
2109 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2110 Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31
2111 1:12:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT
2112 1:00 - CET 1916 Apr 14 23:00s
2113 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Sep 30 23:00s
2118 # The Gregorian calendar was introduced gradually in Switzerland,
2119 # by omitting leap years during 1583-1812.
2120 # From Howse (1988), p 82:
2121 # By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
2122 # and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
2123 # mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
2124 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2125 # From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''):
2126 Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
2127 Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
2128 # From Shanks (1991):
2129 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
2130 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
2131 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2132 Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12
2133 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
2134 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
2138 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2139 Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2140 Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2141 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
2142 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
2143 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
2144 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
2145 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2146 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
2147 # Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; go with Shanks.
2148 Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S
2149 Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2150 Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2151 # Shanks omits the first two transitions in 1940; go with Whitman.
2152 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S
2153 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 -
2154 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
2155 Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
2156 Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2157 # Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
2158 Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2159 Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S
2160 Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
2161 Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2162 Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2163 Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
2164 Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
2165 Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
2166 Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S
2167 Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
2168 Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
2169 Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
2170 Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
2171 Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
2172 Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2173 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
2174 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
2175 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S
2176 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 -
2177 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
2178 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 -
2179 Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
2180 Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
2181 Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2182 Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2183 Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
2184 Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S
2185 Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 -
2186 Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S
2187 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S
2188 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
2189 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
2190 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
2191 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2192 Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
2193 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
2194 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
2195 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
2196 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986
2197 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
2199 Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
2202 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2203 Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 UST # Ukrainian Summer Time
2204 Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 KMT # Kiev Mean Time
2205 Rule Ukraine 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 UDST # Ukrainian Double Summer Time
2206 Rule Ukraine 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 UST
2207 Rule Ukraine 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 UDST
2208 Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 UST
2209 Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 KMT
2210 Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 UST
2211 Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 UDST
2212 Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 UST
2213 Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 KMT
2214 Rule Crimea 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 CST # Crimean Summer Time
2215 Rule Crimea 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 NMT # Nikolayev Mean Time
2216 Rule Crimea 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 CDST # Crimean Double Summer Time
2217 Rule Crimea 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 CST
2218 Rule Crimea 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 CDST
2219 Rule Crimea 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 CST
2220 Rule Crimea 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 NMT
2221 Rule Crimea 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 CST
2222 Rule Crimea 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 CDST
2223 Rule Crimea 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 CST
2224 Rule Crimea 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 NMT
2225 Rule Crimea 1996 max - Mar lastSun 0:00u 1:00 -
2226 Rule Crimea 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00u 0 -
2227 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2228 Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
2229 2:02:04 Ukraine %s 1924 May 2
2230 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2231 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 17
2232 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1996
2234 Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
2235 2:08:00 Crimea %s 1924 May 2
2236 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2237 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2238 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2239 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-10-21):
2240 # The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that most of Crimea switched
2241 # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
2242 # For now, guess it changed Feb 1.
2243 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1994 Feb
2244 # From IATA SSIM (1994/1996), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
2245 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996
2249 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2250 Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
2251 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
2252 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
2253 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
2254 # Metod Kozelj <metod.kozelj@rzs-hm.si> reports that the legal date of
2255 # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
2256 # Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
2257 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
2259 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
2260 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina
2261 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia
2262 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia
2264 ###############################################################################
2266 # One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
2267 # the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
2268 # The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
2270 # According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
2271 # uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
2272 # Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
2273 # 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey
2274 # switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time
2275 # and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST)
2278 # Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100
2279 # From: seismo!mcvax!cgcha!wtho (Tom Hofmann)
2280 # Message-Id: <8701281556.AA22174@cgcha.uucp>
2283 # ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
2284 # most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only
2285 # a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
2286 # to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on
2287 # 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
2289 # But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
2290 # than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
2291 # one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
2292 # lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now.
2294 # Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
2295 # Soviet Union (as far as I know).
2297 # Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,
2298 # 4002 Basle, Switzerland
2299 # UUCP: ...!mcvax!cernvax!cgcha!wtho
2302 # Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100
2303 # From: seismo!mcvax!cwi.nl!dik (Dik T. Winter)
2306 # The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct.
2307 # After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information
2308 # about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969.
2310 # ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on
2311 # first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September...
2312 # In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that
2313 # the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982
2314 # the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in
2315 # the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch
2318 # It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g.
2319 # Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST...
2320 # Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not
2321 # all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations
2322 # occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always
2323 # assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the
2324 # case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours
2325 # in advance of normal time.
2328 # dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland
2329 # INTERNET : dik@cwi.nl
2330 # BITNET/EARN: dik@mcvax
2332 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
2334 # Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
2335 # Since 1978. Change at midnight.
2337 # Monaco: has same DST as France.
projects / platform / upstream / glibc.git / blob