3 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
4 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
5 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
7 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
8 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
9 # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
10 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
12 # Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
13 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
14 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
15 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
16 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
18 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1991,
19 # and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
21 # Other sources occasionally used include:
23 # Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
25 # which I found in the UCLA library.
27 # Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH),
28 # <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm">
29 # History of Summer Time
30 # </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
33 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
34 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
35 # Corrections are welcome!
39 # -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
40 # -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
41 # 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer
42 # 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
43 # 0:00 WET WEST Western Europe
44 # 1:00 CET CEST Central Europe
45 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
48 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
49 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
51 # From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04),
52 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
53 # Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
54 # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
55 # Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
56 # Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
57 # Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
58 # entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
59 # on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
60 # referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
61 # Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
63 # Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
64 # I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
66 # There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
67 # A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
68 # national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
69 # different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
73 ###############################################################################
75 # Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire)
77 # From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06):
79 # On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
80 # historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
81 # and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
84 # `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
85 # beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
86 # was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
87 # this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
88 # made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
89 # but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
90 # along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
92 # I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
93 # position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should
94 # be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
96 # [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
98 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
100 # Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
101 # The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
102 # and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.
103 # The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828)
104 # and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903).
105 # The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway
106 # in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most
107 # (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the
108 # Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be
109 # adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it.
110 # The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian,
111 # and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many
112 # railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public
113 # clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock
114 # on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
115 # one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal
116 # system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading
117 # to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13.
118 # The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition
119 # of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02.
121 # In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
122 # transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much
123 # about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
125 # From Paul Eggert (1999-01-30):
126 # Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
127 # a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
128 # who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
129 # that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
130 # and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
131 # A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
132 # but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
133 # One-hour Summer Time was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
135 # <a href="http://www.the-times.co.uk/news/pages/tim/2000/05/18/x-timcrtcrt01011.html">
136 # Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18)
139 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
140 # The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving''
141 # when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
142 # term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
143 # proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''.
145 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
147 # A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
148 # known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
150 # Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
151 # From: Jonathan Leffler <nih-csl!uunet!mcvax!sphinx.co.uk!john>
152 # [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
153 # If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
154 # politics making a fortune, not computing.
156 # From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-14):
157 # I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
158 # acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published
159 # time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
160 # if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
162 # From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02):
163 # ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the
164 # main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516)
165 # agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945).
167 # From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03):
168 # On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir
169 # Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any
170 # official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't
171 # but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British
172 # Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally.
173 # http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
174 # http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png
176 # From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):
177 # [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time
178 # which is to be introduced in May....
179 # I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time"
180 # which could not be said to run counter to any official description.
182 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
183 # Howse writes (p 157) `DBST' too, but `BDST' seems to have been common
184 # and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,
187 # Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19) described at length
188 # the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
189 # Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> has been updating
190 # and extending this list, which can be found in
191 # <a href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/">
192 # History of legal time in Britain
195 # From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06):
197 # The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
198 # see Lord Tanlaw's speech
199 # <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0">
200 # (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976)
203 # From Paul Eggert (2000-02-17):
205 # For lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948.
207 # Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect:
208 # * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
209 # 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
210 # Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
211 # * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.
212 # It actually just had one transition.
213 # * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II.
214 # Actually, it conformed to Britain.
215 # * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.
216 # Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
217 # Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
219 # Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks:
220 # * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
221 # to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
222 # conform with Great Britain.
223 # S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
225 # The following claim by Shanks is possible though doubtful;
226 # we'll ignore it for now.
227 # * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
230 # Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks.
232 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
233 # Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31)
234 # reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
235 # (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
236 # Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that
237 # trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
238 # and Frethun run in CT.
239 # My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
240 # the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
241 # and that the time depends on who you're talking to.
242 # If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,
243 # I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
244 # This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.
246 # From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
247 # The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
248 # which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC.
249 # Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
250 # regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
251 # Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
252 # "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
254 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
255 # Summer Time Act, 1916
256 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
257 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
258 # S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
259 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST
260 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT
261 # S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
262 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST
263 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT
264 # S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
265 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST
266 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT
267 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
268 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST
269 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
270 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT
271 # S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
272 Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
273 Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT
274 # S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
275 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST
276 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT
277 # The Summer Time Act, 1922
278 Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
279 Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
280 Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
281 Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
282 # The Summer Time Act, 1925
283 Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
284 Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
285 Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
286 Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
287 Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
288 Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
289 Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
290 Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
291 Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
292 Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
293 Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
294 # S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
295 Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
296 # S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883
297 Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST
298 # S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
299 Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
300 Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
301 # S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
302 Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
303 # S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
304 Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST
305 # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
306 Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
307 Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
308 # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
309 Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
310 Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
311 # The Summer Time Act, 1947
312 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST
313 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST
314 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST
315 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT
316 # Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
317 Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
318 Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT
319 # Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
320 Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
321 Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT
322 # Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
323 # Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
324 # Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
325 Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST
326 Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT
327 # revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925
328 Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
329 Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
330 Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
331 Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
332 Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
333 Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
334 Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
335 # Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
336 # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
337 # Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
338 Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST
339 Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
340 # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
341 # Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
342 # Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
343 Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST
344 # Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
345 Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST
346 # The British Standard Time Act, 1968
348 # The Summer Time Act, 1972
349 Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
350 Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
351 # Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
352 # Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
353 # Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
354 # Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
355 Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST
356 Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT
357 # Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
358 # Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
359 # Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
360 Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
361 # Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
362 # See EU for rules starting in 1996.
364 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
365 Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1
366 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
367 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
370 Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
371 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
372 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s # Irish Summer Time
373 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
374 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
377 Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
378 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
379 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
380 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
381 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
382 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
383 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
384 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
385 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
386 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
387 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
388 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
391 ###############################################################################
395 # EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,
396 # Common Market, etc.
398 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
399 Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S
400 Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
401 Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 -
402 Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
403 Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
404 Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
406 # W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
407 Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
408 Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
409 Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 -
410 Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
411 Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
412 Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
414 # Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
415 # From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.
416 Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
417 Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
418 Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
419 Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
420 Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S
421 Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
422 Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S
423 Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
424 Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
425 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
426 Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
427 Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
428 Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
429 Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
430 Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
431 Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
432 Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
434 # E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
435 Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
436 Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
437 Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
438 Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
439 Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
440 Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
442 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
443 Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
444 Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
445 Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
446 Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST
447 Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
448 Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S
449 Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 -
450 Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
451 Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
452 Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S
453 Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
454 # Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
455 Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
456 Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
457 # Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
458 # Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
459 Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
460 Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
462 Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
463 Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
464 Rule Russia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
465 Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
466 Rule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
468 # These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
470 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
471 Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT
472 Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
473 Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
474 Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT
476 # Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST
477 # for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.
479 # From Markus Kuhn <mskuhn@unrza3.dialin.rrze.uni-erlangen.de> (1996-07-12):
480 # The official German names ... are
482 # Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00
483 # Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00
485 # as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
486 # 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
487 # I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
489 # Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
490 # Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"
492 # D-38023 Braunschweig
493 # phone: +49 531 592-0
495 # ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB
496 # department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the
497 # PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as
499 # Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00
500 # Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00
504 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
505 Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S
506 Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
507 Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
508 Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 -
509 Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
510 Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
511 Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
512 Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
513 Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
514 Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
515 Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
516 Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
517 Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
518 Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
519 Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S
520 Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
521 Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S
522 Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
523 Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S
524 Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
525 Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
526 Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
527 Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
528 Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
529 Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
530 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
531 Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914
532 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16
533 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul
537 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
538 Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
539 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
540 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
544 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
545 Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S
546 Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 -
547 Rule Austria 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
548 Rule Austria 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
549 Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
550 Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
551 Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
552 Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
553 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
554 Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr
555 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Jun 16 3:00
556 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00
557 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
558 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
562 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
563 Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
564 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
565 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
566 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28
567 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3
568 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
569 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
570 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
571 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s
572 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s
577 # From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
578 # Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
579 # Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
580 # Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991
581 # (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
583 # LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
584 # Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.
585 # Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie <pascal@belnet.be> for these references.
586 # The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
587 # Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
589 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
590 Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S
591 Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
592 Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
593 Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
594 Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
595 Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
596 Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
597 Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
598 Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
599 Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S
600 Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
601 Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
602 # DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd
603 # Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier),
604 # to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15
605 # changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT.
606 Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
607 Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
608 Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
609 Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
610 Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S
611 Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S
612 Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
613 Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
614 Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S
615 Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
616 Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
617 Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
618 Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S
619 Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S
620 Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S
621 Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 -
622 Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S
623 Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 -
624 Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
625 Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
626 Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S
627 Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
628 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
629 Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880
630 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT
631 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8
632 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00
633 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u
634 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s
635 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3
636 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
639 # Bosnia and Herzegovina
644 # From Plamen Simenov <P.Simeonov@cnsys.bg> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
645 # A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says:
646 # EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
647 # EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
649 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
650 Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S
651 Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
652 Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 S
653 Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
654 Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
655 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
656 Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
657 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
658 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
659 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00
660 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
661 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00
662 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
663 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
670 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
671 Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
672 Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
673 Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
674 Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
675 Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
676 Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
677 Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
678 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
679 Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
680 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
681 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
682 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
685 # Denmark, Faeroe Islands, and Greenland
686 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
687 Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
688 Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
689 Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
690 Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
691 Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 -
692 Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S
693 Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 -
694 Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
695 Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
696 Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S
697 Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
698 # Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 to 1949 Oct 1, and disagrees in minor ways
699 # about many of the above dates; go with Shanks.
701 # For 1894, Shanks says Jan, Whitman Apr; go with Whitman.
702 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
703 Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
704 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time
705 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
706 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
707 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
709 Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn
713 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
714 # Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
715 # and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
716 # rules at least through 1984. Shanks says Scoresbysund and Godthab
717 # used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
718 # rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980.
721 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
722 Rule Thule 1993 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
723 Rule Thule 1993 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
725 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
726 Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
727 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
728 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29
730 Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
731 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
733 Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
737 # From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15):
738 # A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
739 # [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
740 # a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
742 # From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1996-10-28):
743 # [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
744 # but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
745 # ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
746 # (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
747 # conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
748 # A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
749 # human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
750 # summer time next spring.''
752 # From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
753 # <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390">
754 # The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
756 # refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
757 # the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120).
759 # I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
760 # for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
761 # (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
763 # From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09)
764 # via Steffen Thorsen:
765 # This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
766 # a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
767 # But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
768 # Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
769 # for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do
772 # From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29):
773 # Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation
774 # no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all
775 # the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01.
777 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
778 Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
779 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
780 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
781 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May
782 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
783 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15
784 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
785 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
786 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
787 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22
788 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1
793 # From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC):
794 # Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
795 # and it's supposed to change at 4am...
797 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (25 Sep 1994):
798 # Shanks says Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time since 1981.
799 # Go with Strang instead.
801 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
802 Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
803 Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
804 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
805 Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31
806 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
807 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00
812 # Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman.
813 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
814 Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
815 Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
816 Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
817 Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
818 Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
819 Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
820 Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
821 Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
822 Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
823 Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
824 # DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st
825 # Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions
826 # were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks.
827 Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
828 Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S
829 Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
830 Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
831 Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
832 Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
833 Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
834 Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
835 Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S
836 Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
837 Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
838 Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
839 Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
840 Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
841 Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
842 Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
843 Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
844 Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
845 Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
846 Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
847 # The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris,
848 # but were used in other places (e.g. Monaco).
849 Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
850 # Shanks says this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
851 # but go with Denis.Excoffier@ens.fr (1997-12-12),
852 # who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
853 # as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
854 Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
855 Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M
856 Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S
857 Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M
858 Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S
859 Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M
860 Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S
861 Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M
862 Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
863 # Shanks gives Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
864 # go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT.
865 Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S
866 Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 -
867 # Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman gives 0:09:05,
868 # but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
869 # Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
870 # on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
871 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
872 Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
873 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
874 # Shanks gives 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier's 14/6/40 22hUT.
875 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00
876 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25
877 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
878 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
883 # From Markus Kuhn <Markus.Kuhn@cl.cam.ac.uk> (1998-09-29):
884 # The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
885 # Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
887 # <a href="http://www.ptb.de/english/org/4/43/432/lega.htm">
888 # Realisation of Legal Time in Germany
891 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
892 Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
893 # Shanks says 05-24 2:00 to 09-24 3:00 for DDST; go with the PTB, who quotes
894 # the Archiv fuer publizist. Arbeit (Munzinger-Archiv) 652 (Zeitsystem)
895 # (1961-11-25), which gives dates only. Guess 3:00 transition times.
896 Rule Germany 1945 only - May 31 3:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
897 Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 23 3:00 1:00 S
898 Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
899 Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
900 Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
901 Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
902 Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
903 # The PTB gives 3:00 CET and 3:00 CEST for the midsummer transition times;
905 Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M
906 Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S
907 Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
908 Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
909 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
910 Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
911 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
912 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980
916 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
917 Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
918 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00
923 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
924 # Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks.
925 Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S
926 Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
927 # Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks.
928 Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S
929 # Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks.
930 Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
931 Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
932 Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
933 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks.
934 Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
935 Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 -
936 Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S
937 Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 -
938 Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S
939 Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 -
940 Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
941 Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 -
942 Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 -
943 Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S
944 Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 -
945 Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
946 Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
947 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
948 Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14
949 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
950 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30
951 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4
952 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981
953 # Shanks says they switched to C-Eur in 1981;
954 # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
958 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
959 Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S
960 Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 -
961 Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S
962 Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 -
963 Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S
964 Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
965 Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S
966 Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 -
967 Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
968 Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
969 Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S
970 Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S
971 Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 -
972 Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S
973 Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
974 Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
975 Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
976 Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S
977 Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
978 Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S
979 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
980 Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct
981 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918
982 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00
983 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 1 23:00
984 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s
989 # From Adam David <adam@veda.is> (1993-11-06):
990 # The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
993 # This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
996 # From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
997 # behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
998 # of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which
999 # was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
1001 # "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
1002 # of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
1003 # time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always
1004 # Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
1007 # I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
1008 # beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
1009 # to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
1010 # the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
1011 # (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
1012 # St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
1013 # might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
1014 # might mean something else (???).
1016 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
1017 # The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points.
1018 # We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that
1019 # Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
1021 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1022 Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S
1023 Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 -
1024 Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 -
1025 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S
1026 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 -
1027 Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
1028 Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 -
1029 Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S
1030 Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 -
1031 Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S
1032 Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 -
1033 # 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
1034 Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1035 Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1036 # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
1037 Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1038 # 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week
1039 Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
1040 Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1041 Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
1042 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1043 Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837
1044 -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time?
1045 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
1050 # From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06):
1051 # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri
1052 # <a href="http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html">
1053 # Day-light Saving Time in Italy (1996-03-14)
1055 # (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
1056 # publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
1058 # year FP Shanks (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
1059 # 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W
1060 # 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1061 # 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S
1062 # 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W
1063 # 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S
1064 # 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W
1065 # 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S
1066 # 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1067 # 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S
1068 # 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1069 # 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur)
1070 # 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1071 # 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1072 # 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S
1073 # 09-20 09-27 00:00 S
1075 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1076 Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S
1077 Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1078 Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1079 Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1080 Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S
1081 Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
1082 Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S
1083 Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1084 Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 -
1085 Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S
1086 Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 -
1087 Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S
1088 Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 -
1089 Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S
1090 Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 -
1091 Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S
1092 Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 -
1093 Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S
1094 Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 -
1095 Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
1096 Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
1097 Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1098 Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S
1099 Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1100 Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
1101 Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1102 Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1103 Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S
1104 Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1105 Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S
1106 Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1107 Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1108 Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1109 Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
1110 Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1111 Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1112 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1113 Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
1114 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov # Rome Mean Time
1115 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1116 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul
1117 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
1120 Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
1121 Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
1125 # From Liene Kanepe <Liene_Kanepe@lm.gov.lv> (1998-09-17):
1127 # I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
1128 # of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
1129 # correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
1130 # changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....
1132 # Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
1133 # according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
1134 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
1135 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)
1136 # and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).
1138 # Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ...
1139 # according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13
1140 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
1141 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1142 # (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of
1143 # September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day).
1145 # Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ...
1146 # according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14
1147 # ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR,
1148 # Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the
1149 # time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia
1150 # transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1151 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of
1152 # daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00
1153 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is
1154 # 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock....
1156 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of
1157 # 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
1158 # daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.
1160 # From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
1161 # This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
1162 # <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm">
1163 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
1164 # 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only).
1166 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1167 Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1168 Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1169 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1170 Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880
1171 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
1172 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
1173 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
1174 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
1175 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11
1176 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
1178 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13
1179 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
1180 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
1181 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21
1182 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29
1186 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1187 Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun
1193 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1194 # IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
1195 # known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
1197 # From Marius Gedminas <mgedmin@pub.osf.lt> (1998-08-07):
1198 # I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
1199 # (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
1201 # From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29),
1202 # via Steffen Thorsen:
1203 # Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
1204 # to be valid here starting from October 31,
1205 # as decided by the national government on Wednesday....
1206 # The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
1207 # motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
1208 # already done by Estonia.
1210 # From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm">
1211 # Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
1212 # </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
1214 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1215 Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
1216 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
1217 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
1218 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
1219 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
1220 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
1221 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
1222 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
1223 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1224 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1225 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998
1226 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u
1227 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u
1231 # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks.
1232 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1233 Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
1234 Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1235 Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
1236 Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
1237 Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1238 Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
1239 Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S
1240 Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 -
1241 Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
1242 Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 -
1243 Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S
1244 Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 -
1245 Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S
1246 Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1247 Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S
1248 Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 -
1249 Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S
1250 Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1251 Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
1252 Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
1253 Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
1254 Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
1255 Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
1256 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1257 Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
1258 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
1259 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
1260 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
1261 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
1262 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1269 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1270 Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
1271 Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
1272 Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1273 Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
1274 Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
1275 Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1276 Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1277 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1278 Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta
1279 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1280 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
1281 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
1282 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
1286 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1287 Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880
1288 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
1289 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1290 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15
1291 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17
1292 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24
1293 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
1294 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6
1296 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992
1297 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
1298 # See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
1300 Zone Europe/Tiraspol 1:58:32 - LMT 1880
1301 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
1302 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1303 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15
1304 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17
1305 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24
1306 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
1307 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1311 # Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
1312 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1313 Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
1314 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1315 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1316 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1320 # Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
1321 # but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
1322 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1323 # Shanks gives 1916 Apr 30 24:00 and 1916 Oct 1 00:00; go with Whitman.
1324 Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
1325 Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
1326 Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
1327 Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
1328 # Whitman gives 1918 Apr 14, 1918 Oct 31, and 1921 Sep 28; go with Shanks.
1329 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1330 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep Mon>=24 2:00s 0 AMT
1331 Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 NST
1332 # Whitman gives 1939 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
1333 Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
1334 Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun 1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1335 Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 NST
1336 # Whitman gives 1925 Apr 5; go with Shanks.
1337 Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun 5 2:00s 1:00 NST
1338 # For 1926 through 1930 Whitman gives Apr 15; go with Shanks.
1339 Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1340 Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1341 Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1342 Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1343 Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
1344 Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
1345 # Whitman gives 1939 Apr 15 and 1940 Apr 19; go with Shanks.
1346 Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1347 Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1348 Rule Neth 1945 only - May 20 2:00s 0 -
1349 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1350 Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 May
1351 0:19:28 Neth %s 1937 Jul
1352 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:40
1353 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1354 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
1358 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1359 # Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks.
1360 Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
1361 Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1362 # Whitman says DST observed 1935-08-11/1942-11-01, then 1943-03-29/10-04,
1363 # 1944-04-03/10-02, and 1945-04-01/10-01; go with Shanks.
1364 Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1365 Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
1366 Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1367 Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
1368 Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
1369 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1370 Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895
1371 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
1372 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1373 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
1376 # Svalbard & Jan Mayen
1377 Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
1379 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1380 Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT
1383 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1384 Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1385 Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1386 # Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks.
1387 Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1388 # For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks.
1389 Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S
1390 Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1391 Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 S
1392 Rule Poland 1946 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 -
1393 Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
1394 Rule Poland 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
1395 Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
1396 # Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 - 1949 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
1397 Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S
1398 Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1399 Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S
1400 Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S
1401 Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 -
1402 Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S
1403 Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May Sun>=25 1:00s 1:00 S
1404 Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1405 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1406 Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
1407 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
1408 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
1409 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun
1410 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
1411 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
1412 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00
1413 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1999
1414 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_
1415 # <a href="http://www.warsawvoice.com.pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml">
1416 # http://www.warsawvoice.com/pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24)
1418 # says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00.
1419 # Stick with W-Eur for now.
1421 # From Marcin.Kasperski@softax.com.pl (1999-06-10):
1422 # According to my colleagues someone recently decided, that Poland would
1423 # follow European Union regulations, so - I think - the matter is not
1424 # worth further discussion.
1426 # From Paul Eggert (1999-06-10):
1427 # Kasperski also writes that the government futzed with the rules in 1997
1428 # or 1998 but he doesn't remember the details. Assume they switched to
1434 # From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12):
1435 # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
1436 # (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
1438 # Martin Bruckmann <martin@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
1439 # that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
1440 # The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
1442 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
1443 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
1444 # at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos.
1445 # IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
1446 # IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
1447 # Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
1448 # harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
1450 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1451 # DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not
1452 # done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
1454 Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S
1455 # Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
1456 Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
1457 Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
1458 Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
1459 Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
1460 Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
1461 Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S
1462 Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
1463 Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
1464 Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
1465 Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
1466 Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1467 Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1468 Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1469 Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
1470 Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1471 # Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks.
1472 Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1473 Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
1474 # Shanks gives 1934 Apr 4; go with Whitman.
1475 Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
1476 # Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks.
1477 Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1478 # Shanks gives 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
1479 Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
1480 Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1481 # Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks.
1482 Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
1483 Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
1484 Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1485 # Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
1486 Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1487 Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S
1488 # Shanks gives 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
1489 Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 -
1490 Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
1491 Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S
1492 Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
1493 Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S
1494 Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 -
1495 Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M
1496 Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S
1497 Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M
1498 Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S
1499 Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1500 Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
1501 Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1502 # Shanks says DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
1503 # Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks.
1504 Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
1505 Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1506 Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S
1507 Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 -
1508 Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S
1509 Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1510 Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1511 Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
1512 Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
1513 Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1514 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1515 Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884
1516 -0:36:32 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time
1517 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
1518 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
1519 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1520 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
1521 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
1523 Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
1524 -1:55 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time
1525 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time
1526 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1527 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
1528 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
1530 Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
1531 -1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time
1532 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time
1533 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1538 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
1539 # <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html">
1540 # Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
1541 # 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info,
1542 # assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
1543 # the same year as Bulgaria.
1545 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1546 Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1547 Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
1548 Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S
1549 Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
1550 Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1551 Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
1552 Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1553 Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
1554 Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1555 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1556 Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
1557 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1558 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
1559 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
1560 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994
1561 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
1566 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12):
1567 # Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
1568 # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
1569 # are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks, except we follow
1570 # Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
1572 # From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04):
1573 # `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
1574 # Unix-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
1575 # The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
1576 # (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
1578 # From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-10-30):
1579 # According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
1580 # Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
1581 # still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
1583 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1584 Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
1585 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
1586 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946
1587 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1589 Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880
1590 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
1591 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
1592 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
1593 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1594 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1595 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1597 Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00
1598 3:00 - KUYT 1930 Jun 21 # Kuybyshev
1599 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1600 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1601 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1602 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00
1603 4:00 Russia SAM%sT # Samara Time
1604 Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
1605 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
1606 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1607 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1608 5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time
1609 Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14
1610 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme
1611 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1612 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1614 # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29):
1615 # But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
1616 # I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
1617 # as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
1618 # so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
1619 Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
1620 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
1621 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1622 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1623 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # says Shanks
1625 Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6
1626 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
1627 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1628 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1630 Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880
1631 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
1632 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
1633 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1634 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1636 Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
1637 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
1638 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1639 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1641 Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
1642 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
1643 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1644 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1646 Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1647 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
1648 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1649 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1651 # This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
1652 Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10
1653 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
1654 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1655 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1657 Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
1658 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
1659 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s
1660 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1661 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1665 Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
1671 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1672 # For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks.
1673 Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S
1674 Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 -
1675 Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1676 Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
1677 # Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks.
1678 Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
1679 # Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks.
1680 Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
1681 Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
1682 # Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks.
1683 Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1684 Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1685 Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1686 Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
1687 # Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; go with Shanks.
1688 Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S
1689 Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1690 Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S
1691 Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1692 Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S
1693 # Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks.
1694 Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
1695 Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S
1696 Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M
1697 Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S
1698 Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S
1699 Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S
1700 Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1701 Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
1702 Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 -
1703 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S
1704 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
1705 Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S
1706 Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1707 Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
1708 Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1709 # The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
1710 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
1711 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1712 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
1713 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
1714 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1715 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
1716 Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
1717 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1718 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
1719 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1720 Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901
1721 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30
1722 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
1724 Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901
1725 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
1726 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
1728 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
1729 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
1732 Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
1733 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time
1734 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
1735 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
1737 # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
1738 # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
1741 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1742 Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31
1743 1:12:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT
1744 1:00 - CET 1916 Apr 14 23:00s
1745 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Sep 30 23:00s
1751 # By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
1752 # and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
1753 # mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
1754 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1755 # From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''):
1756 Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
1757 Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
1759 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
1760 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
1761 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1762 Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12
1763 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
1764 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
1768 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1769 Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1770 Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1771 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1772 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1773 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1774 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1775 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1776 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1777 # Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; go with Shanks.
1778 Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S
1779 Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1780 Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1781 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S
1782 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 -
1783 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
1784 Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
1785 Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1786 # Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
1787 Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1788 Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S
1789 Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1790 Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1791 Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1792 Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
1793 Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
1794 Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
1795 Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S
1796 Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1797 Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1798 Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
1799 Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1800 Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
1801 Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1802 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
1803 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
1804 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S
1805 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 -
1806 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1807 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 -
1808 Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
1809 Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1810 Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1811 Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1812 Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1813 Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S
1814 Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 -
1815 Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S
1816 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S
1817 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
1818 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
1819 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
1820 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1821 Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
1822 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
1823 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
1824 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
1825 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986
1826 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
1828 Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
1831 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1832 # Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
1833 Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
1834 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time
1835 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1836 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20
1837 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6
1838 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
1839 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
1841 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
1843 # Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
1844 Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct
1846 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
1847 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26
1848 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29
1849 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
1850 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
1851 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00
1853 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
1855 # Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
1856 # Zaporozh'ye has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
1857 Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880
1858 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T
1859 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1860 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25
1861 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25
1862 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
1863 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
1865 # Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
1866 Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
1867 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
1868 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1870 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
1871 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
1872 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
1874 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12):
1875 # The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
1876 # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
1877 # Shanks says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened
1878 # sometime between the 1994 DST switches. For now, guess it changed in May.
1879 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
1880 # From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
1881 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s
1882 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
1883 # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
1884 # Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
1885 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
1886 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
1890 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1891 Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
1892 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1893 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
1894 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
1895 # Metod Kozelj <metod.kozelj@rzs-hm.si> reports that the legal date of
1896 # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
1897 # Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
1898 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
1900 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
1901 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina
1902 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia
1903 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia
1905 ###############################################################################
1907 # One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
1908 # the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
1909 # The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
1911 # According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
1912 # uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
1913 # Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
1914 # 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey
1915 # switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time
1916 # and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST)
1919 # Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100
1920 # From: seismo!mcvax!cgcha!wtho (Tom Hofmann)
1921 # Message-Id: <8701281556.AA22174@cgcha.uucp>
1924 # ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
1925 # most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only
1926 # a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
1927 # to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on
1928 # 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
1930 # But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
1931 # than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
1932 # one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
1933 # lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now.
1935 # Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
1936 # Soviet Union (as far as I know).
1938 # Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,
1939 # 4002 Basle, Switzerland
1940 # UUCP: ...!mcvax!cernvax!cgcha!wtho
1943 # Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100
1944 # From: seismo!mcvax!cwi.nl!dik (Dik T. Winter)
1947 # The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct.
1948 # After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information
1949 # about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969.
1951 # ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on
1952 # first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September...
1953 # In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that
1954 # the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982
1955 # the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in
1956 # the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch
1959 # It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g.
1960 # Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST...
1961 # Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not
1962 # all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations
1963 # occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always
1964 # assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the
1965 # case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours
1966 # in advance of normal time.
1969 # dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland
1970 # INTERNET : dik@cwi.nl
1971 # BITNET/EARN: dik@mcvax
1973 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
1975 # Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
1976 # Since 1978. Change at midnight.
1978 # Monaco: has same DST as France.
projects / platform / upstream / glibc.git / blob