2 # This file also includes Pacific islands.
4 # Notes are at the end of this file
6 ###############################################################################
10 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
11 # Shanks gives 1917 Jan 1 0:01; go with Whitman (and guess 2:00).
12 Rule Aus 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00 1:00 -
13 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -
14 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 -
15 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 -
16 Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 -
17 Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
18 Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 -
19 # Whitman says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944, and that
20 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944; go with Shanks.
22 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
24 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
26 9:30 - CST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
29 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
30 8:00 - WST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
31 8:00 Aus WST 1974 Oct lastSun 2:00s
32 8:00 1:00 WST 1975 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
33 8:00 - WST 1983 Oct lastSun 2:00s
34 8:00 1:00 WST 1984 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
35 8:00 - WST 1991 Nov 17 2:00s
36 8:00 1:00 WST 1992 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
40 # From Alex Livingston <alex@agsm.unsw.edu.au> (1996-11-01):
41 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
42 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
43 # Queensland ceased to.
45 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
46 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
47 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
48 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
51 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
52 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
53 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
54 Rule Holiday 1989 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
55 Rule Holiday 1990 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
56 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
57 10:00 - EST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
58 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Oct lastSun 2:00s
59 10:00 1:00 EST 1972 Feb lastSun 2:00s
61 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
62 10:00 - EST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
63 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Oct lastSun 2:00s
64 10:00 1:00 EST 1972 Feb lastSun 2:00s
68 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
69 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
70 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
71 Rule AS 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
72 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
73 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
74 Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
75 Rule AS 1990 1994 even Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
76 Rule AS 1990 1994 odd Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
77 Rule AS 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
78 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
79 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
81 9:30 - CST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
82 9:30 Aus CST 1971 Oct lastSun 2:00s
86 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
87 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct 1 2:00s 1:00 -
88 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar 31 2:00s 0 -
89 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
90 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
91 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
92 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
93 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
94 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
95 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
96 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
97 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
98 Rule AT 1991 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
99 Rule AT 1991 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
100 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
101 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
102 10:00 - EST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
103 10:00 Aus EST 1967 Oct 1 2:00s
107 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
108 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
109 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
110 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
111 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
112 Rule AV 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
113 Rule AV 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
114 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
115 Rule AV 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
116 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug 26 2:00s 1:00 -
117 Rule AV 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
118 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
119 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
120 10:00 - EST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
121 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Oct 31 2:00s
125 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
126 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
127 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
128 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
129 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
130 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
131 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
132 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
133 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
134 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
135 Rule AN 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
136 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug 26 2:00s 1:00 -
137 Rule AN 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
138 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
139 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
140 10:00 - EST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
141 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Oct 31 2:00s
143 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
144 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23
146 9:30 - CST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
147 9:30 Aus CST 1971 Oct 31 2:00s
151 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
152 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
153 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
154 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0:30 -
155 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
156 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 0:30 -
157 Rule LH 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0:30 -
158 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
159 Rule LH 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
160 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
164 # Australian miscellany
166 # Ashmore Is, Cartier
167 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
168 # no information; probably like Australia/Perth
171 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
175 # permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948;
176 # sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888-1917
179 # Manihiki, Penrhyn, Rakehanga
183 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
184 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
185 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
188 # From Shanks (1995):
189 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
190 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
191 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
192 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
193 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
194 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
195 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
200 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
201 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time
204 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
205 Rule Fiji 1998 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
206 Rule Fiji 1999 max - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
207 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
208 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
209 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time
212 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
213 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
214 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time
215 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
216 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time
217 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
218 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time
219 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
223 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
224 Zone Pacific/Guam 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
228 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
229 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
230 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time
231 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
232 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
235 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
236 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time
241 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
242 Zone Pacific/Saipan 9:43:00 - LMT 1901
243 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
247 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
248 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
249 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
251 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
253 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
257 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
258 Zone Pacific/Yap 9:12:32 - LMT 1901 # Colonia
259 9:00 - YAPT 1969 Oct # Yap Time
261 Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
262 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time
263 Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
264 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time
265 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
266 11:00 - PONT 1969 Oct
267 12:00 - KOST # Kosrae Time
270 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
271 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
272 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
273 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15
278 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
279 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
280 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
281 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
282 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
283 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
284 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13
288 ###############################################################################
292 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
293 # Shanks gives 1927 Nov 6 - 1928 Mar 4, 1928 Oct 14 - 1929 Mar 17,
294 # 1929 Oct 13 - 1930 Mar 16; go with Whitman.
295 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 26 2:00 0:30 HD
296 Rule NZ 1928 1929 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
297 Rule NZ 1928 only - Nov 4 2:00 0:30 HD
298 Rule NZ 1929 only - Oct 30 2:00 0:30 HD
299 Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
300 Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 HD
301 # Whitman says DST went on and off during war years, and the base UT offset
302 # didn't change until 1945 Apr 30; go with Shanks.
303 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 S
304 Rule NZ 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 HD
305 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D
306 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
307 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D
308 Rule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
309 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S
310 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
311 Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
312 Rule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
313 Rule Chatham 1991 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
314 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
315 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868
316 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1940 Sep 29 2:00
318 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
325 # minor whaling stations operated 1909-14
326 # scientific station operated 1941-1995
327 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland
329 ###############################################################################
333 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
334 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
335 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
336 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
340 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
341 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
342 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
343 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
346 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
347 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
348 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
351 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
352 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
353 9:48:40 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
354 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
357 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
358 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
359 -8:30 - PNT # Pitcairn Time
362 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
364 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
365 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
366 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
367 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
370 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
372 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
373 -11:00 - WST # W Samoa Time
376 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
377 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
378 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
379 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
382 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
383 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
384 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time
387 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
388 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
389 12:20 - TOT 1968 Oct # Tonga Time
393 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
394 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
395 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time
398 # US minor outlying islands
401 # uninhabited since World War II
402 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago
405 # uninhabited since 1958
406 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
409 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
410 Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST
416 Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
417 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
418 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
419 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
422 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
425 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
426 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
427 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time
431 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
432 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
433 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
434 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
435 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
436 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
437 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
438 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
439 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
440 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time
443 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
444 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
445 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time
447 ###############################################################################
451 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
452 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
453 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
455 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
456 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
457 # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
458 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
460 # Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
461 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
462 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
463 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
464 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
466 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
467 # and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
469 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
470 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
471 # I found in the UCLA library.
473 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
474 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
475 # Oxford University Press (1980).
477 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
478 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
479 # Corrections are welcome!
481 # LMT Local Mean Time
482 # 8:00 WST WST Western Australia
484 # 9:30 CST CST Central Australia
485 # 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia
487 # 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe*
488 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand
489 # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham*
493 # See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
494 # See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
496 ###############################################################################
500 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
501 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
502 # It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
503 # and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
504 # abbreviation does _not_ change...
505 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
506 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
507 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
508 # the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight
510 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
511 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time'
512 # or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
513 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
514 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
515 # prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;
516 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
518 # From Arthur David Olson (March 8 1992):
519 # Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:
520 # CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30
521 # WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00
522 # EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00
524 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
525 # Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand.
526 # Mark Prior <mrp@itd.adelaide.edu.au> writes that his newspaper
527 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
528 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
529 # and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.
530 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
532 # From Eric Ulevik <eau@zip.com.au> (1998-01-05):
534 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
535 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
536 # relevant entries in this database.
538 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
539 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html">
540 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
543 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
544 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
547 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html">
548 # Standard Time Act, 1898
553 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
554 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
556 # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
558 # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
560 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
561 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
562 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
566 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
567 # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
569 # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
570 # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
571 # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
572 # # before reaching parliament.
574 # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST
576 # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
577 # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
578 # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
579 # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
581 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
582 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
583 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
585 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
586 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
587 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
589 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
592 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
593 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
594 # it matches what was used in the past.
597 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
598 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
601 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
603 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
604 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
605 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
606 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
608 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
609 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
612 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
613 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
614 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
615 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
617 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
618 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
619 # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
622 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
623 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
624 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
626 # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
627 # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
630 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
631 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
633 # South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria
635 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
636 # The rules from version 7.1 follow.
637 # There are lots of differences between these rules and
638 # the Shepherd et al. rules. Since the Shepherd et al. rules
639 # and Bradley White's newspaper article are in agreement on
640 # current DST ending dates, no worries.
642 # Rule Oz 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
643 # Rule Oz 1986 max - Oct Sun<=24 2:00 1:00 -
644 # Rule Oz 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 -
645 # Rule Oz 1973 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
646 # Rule Oz 1987 max - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 -
647 # Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 Oz EST
648 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 Oz CST
649 # Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 Oz EST 1985 Oct lastSun 2:00
650 # 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun<=21 3:00
653 # From Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
654 # I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct...
655 # that changed Oct 89. That is, we're back to the
656 # original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states
657 # that have dst, incl Qld. (Certainly it was true in Vic).
658 # The file I'm including says that happened in 1988, I think
659 # that's incorrect, but I'm not 100% certain.
663 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
664 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
665 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
666 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
668 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
669 # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
672 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST
674 # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
675 # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
676 # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 C
677 # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
679 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
680 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
681 # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
682 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
684 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
685 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
686 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
687 # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival
690 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
691 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
692 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
693 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
695 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
696 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
697 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
698 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
700 # From John Warburton <jwarb@SACBH.com.au> (1994-10-07):
701 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
702 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
703 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
707 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
708 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
709 # ...Tasmania will revert to Australian Eastern Standard Time on March 31...
711 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
712 # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
715 # Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 AT %sST
717 # Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
718 # Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 E
719 # Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
720 # Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 3:00 0 E
721 # Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
722 # Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
723 # Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 E
724 # Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
725 # Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 D
726 # Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 E
727 # Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00 1:00 D
728 # Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
729 # Rule AT 1991 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
730 # Rule AT 1991 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 E
732 # From Bill Hart via Alexander Dupuy and Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
733 # My state Government in there eagerness to get a few more bucks for the
734 # tourist industry industry decided to change the daylight savings times
735 # yet again (we now have almost 6 months per year)...
737 # Rule Oz 1986 1990 - Oct Sun<=24 2:00 1:00 -
738 # Rule Oz 1991 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 -
740 # Rule Oz 1987 1990 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 -
741 # Rule Oz 1991 max - Mar Sun<=31 3:00 0 -
743 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
744 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
745 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
746 # (but nothing new about that).
750 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
751 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
752 # ...Victoria...[has] agreed to end daylight saving at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
754 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
755 # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
758 # Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 AV %sST
760 # Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
761 # Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
762 # Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
763 # Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 E
764 # Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 D
765 # Rule AV 1988 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
766 # Rule AV 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
770 # From Arthur David Olson:
771 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
772 # Based on law library research by John Mackin (john@basser.cs.su.oz),
774 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
775 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time''
776 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
777 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
778 # legislation. This is very important to understand.
779 # I have researched New South Wales time only...
781 # From Dave Davey (1990-03-03):
782 # Rule NSW 1988 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
783 # Rule NSW 1989 only - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 -
785 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
786 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
787 # NSW...[has] agreed to end daylight saving at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
789 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
790 # # The state of NEW SOUTH WALES.. [confirmed by Attorney General's Dept N.S.W]
793 # Rule AN 1988 1989 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 E
796 # From John Mackin (1991-03-09)
797 # I have confirmed the accuracy of the historical data for NSW in the
798 # file Robert forwarded
800 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
801 # Sources differ on whether DST ended March 6 or March 20 in 1988;
802 # March 20 (the "confirmed" date) is in the chosen rules.
804 # From Bradley White (1995-05-20):
805 # Prem Bob Carr announced NSW will fall into line with other E states
806 # and SA and continue daylight savings to the last Sun in Mar.
808 # From Eric Ulevik <eau@ozemail.com.au> (1997-06-12):
809 # The NSW state government in Australia is talking about bringing the start
810 # of daylight savings time forward in the year 2000 to cater for the Olympics.
811 # This is going to take some time to be negotiated, because the plan is to do
812 # this in multiple states due to soccer games (which are not just in Sydney).
814 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
815 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
816 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 26, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
820 # From John Basser (1989-01-04):
821 # `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
823 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
824 # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
827 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
828 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
829 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
830 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
831 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
832 # # presently available.
833 # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST
835 # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
836 # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C
837 # [followed by other Rules]
841 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
842 # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen.. pauline@Aus ]
844 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
845 # hour ahead of NSW time.
847 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
848 # For Lord Howe we use Shanks through 1991.
849 # Lord Howe is part of NSW, so we'll guess it has used the same transition
850 # times as NSW since 1991, even though Shanks writes that Lord Howe went
851 # with Victoria when NSW and Victoria disagreed in 1982.
853 ###############################################################################
855 # New Zealand, from Elz' asia 1.1
856 # Elz says "no guarantees"
858 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
859 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
860 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
861 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
862 # source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
864 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
865 # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
866 # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
867 # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Geofft@Aus.. Auckland N.Z. ]
870 # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
871 # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
872 # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
873 # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S
875 # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
876 # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
878 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
879 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
880 # rather than the October 1 value.
882 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
883 # Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand.
884 # Robert Uzgalis <buz@cs.aukuni.ac.nz> writes that the New Zealand Daylight
885 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
886 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
887 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
889 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
890 # Shanks gives no data for Chatham; usno1989 says it's +12:45,
891 # usno1995 says it's +12:45/+13:45, and IATA SSIM (1991/1996)
892 # gives the NZ rules but with transitions at 2:45 local standard time.
893 # Guess that they adopted DST in 1990.
895 ###############################################################################
899 # Howse writes (p 162) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
900 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on +12:00.
901 # Perhaps it didn't take. We go with Shanks's more precise date in 1915.
903 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
904 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
905 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
906 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
908 # From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC):
909 # The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
910 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it
911 # also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific
912 # islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new
917 # Johnston data is from usno1995.
921 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
922 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
923 # ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
924 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
928 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
929 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
930 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
931 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
932 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
936 # Howse writes (p 162) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
937 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
938 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
939 # Ignore this for now, as we have no hard data. See also Asia/Manila.
943 # Alan Eugene Davis <adavis@kuentos.guam.net> writes (1996-03-16),
944 # ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
945 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
947 # Shanks writes that Truk switched from GMT+10 to GMT+11 on 1978-10-01;
948 # ignore this for now.
952 # Howse writes that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
953 # ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
954 # ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
955 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
959 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
960 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
961 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
962 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.