2 # This file also includes Pacific islands.
4 # Notes are at the end of this file
6 ###############################################################################
10 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
11 # Shanks gives 1917 Jan 1 0:01; go with Whitman (and guess 2:00).
12 Rule Aus 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00 1:00 -
13 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -
14 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 -
15 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 -
16 Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 -
17 Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
18 Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 -
19 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
20 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that
21 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
23 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
25 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
27 9:30 - CST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
30 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
31 8:00 - WST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
33 8:00 - WST 1974 Oct lastSun 2:00s
34 8:00 1:00 WST 1975 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
35 8:00 - WST 1983 Oct lastSun 2:00s
36 8:00 1:00 WST 1984 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
37 8:00 - WST 1991 Nov 17 2:00s
38 8:00 1:00 WST 1992 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
42 # From Alex Livingston <alex@agsm.unsw.edu.au> (1996-11-01):
43 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
44 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
45 # Queensland ceased to.
47 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
48 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
49 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
50 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
53 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
54 Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
55 Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
56 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
57 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
58 Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
59 Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
60 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
61 10:00 - EST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
64 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
65 10:00 - EST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
71 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
72 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
73 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
74 Rule AS 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
75 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
76 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
77 Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
78 Rule AS 1990 1994 even Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
79 Rule AS 1990 1994 odd Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
80 Rule AS 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
81 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
82 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
84 9:30 - CST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
89 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
90 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
91 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
92 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
93 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
94 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
95 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
96 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
97 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
98 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
99 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
100 Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 -
101 Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
102 Rule AT 1991 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
103 Rule AT 1991 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
104 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
105 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
106 10:00 - EST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
111 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
112 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
113 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
114 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
115 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
116 Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
117 Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
118 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
119 Rule AV 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
120 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
121 Rule AV 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
122 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
123 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
124 10:00 - EST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
129 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
130 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
131 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
132 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
133 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
134 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
135 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
136 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
137 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
138 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
139 Rule AN 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
140 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
141 Rule AN 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
142 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
143 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
144 10:00 - EST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
147 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
148 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23
150 9:30 - CST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
156 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
157 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
158 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
159 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0:30 -
160 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
161 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 0:30 -
162 Rule LH 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0:30 -
163 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
164 Rule LH 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
165 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
169 # Australian miscellany
171 # Ashmore Is, Cartier
172 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
173 # no information; probably like Australia/Perth
176 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
180 # permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948;
181 # sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917
182 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm">
183 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
184 # </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Macquarie Island follows Tasmanian practice
185 # irrespective of any local use of DST. This is unclear; ignore it for now.
187 # Manihiki, Penrhyn, Rakehanga
191 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
192 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
193 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
196 # From Shanks (1995):
197 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
198 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
199 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
200 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
201 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
202 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
203 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
208 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
209 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time
212 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
213 Rule Fiji 1998 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
214 Rule Fiji 1999 max - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
215 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
216 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
217 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time
220 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
221 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
222 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time
223 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
224 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time
225 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
226 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time
227 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
231 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
232 Zone Pacific/Guam 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
236 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
237 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
238 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time
239 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
240 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
243 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
244 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time
249 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
250 Zone Pacific/Saipan 9:43:00 - LMT 1901
251 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
255 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
256 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
257 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
259 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
261 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
265 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
266 Zone Pacific/Yap 9:12:32 - LMT 1901 # Colonia
267 9:00 - YAPT 1969 Oct # Yap Time
269 Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
270 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time
271 Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
272 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time
273 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
274 11:00 - PONT 1969 Oct
275 12:00 - KOST # Kosrae Time
278 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
279 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
280 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
281 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15
286 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
287 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
288 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
289 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
290 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
291 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
292 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13
296 ###############################################################################
300 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
301 # Shanks gives 1927 Nov 6 - 1928 Mar 4, 1928 Oct 14 - 1929 Mar 17,
302 # 1929 Oct 13 - 1930 Mar 16; go with Whitman.
303 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 26 2:00 0:30 HD
304 Rule NZ 1928 1929 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
305 Rule NZ 1928 only - Nov 4 2:00 0:30 HD
306 Rule NZ 1929 only - Oct 30 2:00 0:30 HD
307 Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
308 Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 HD
309 # Whitman says DST went on and off during war years, and the base UT offset
310 # didn't change until 1945 Apr 30; go with Shanks.
311 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 S
312 Rule NZ 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 HD
313 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D
314 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
315 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D
316 Rule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
317 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S
318 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
319 Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
320 Rule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
321 Rule Chatham 1991 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
322 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
323 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868
324 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1940 Sep 29 2:00
326 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
330 # uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
331 # and scientific personnel have wintered
334 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
335 # scientific station operated 1941/1995;
336 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
337 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland
339 ###############################################################################
343 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
344 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
345 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
346 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
350 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
351 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
352 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
353 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
356 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
357 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
358 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
361 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
362 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
363 9:48:40 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
364 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
367 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
368 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
369 -8:30 - PNT # Pitcairn Time
372 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
374 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
375 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
376 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
377 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
380 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
382 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
383 -11:00 - WST # W Samoa Time
386 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
387 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
388 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
389 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
392 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
393 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
394 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time
397 # Transition time is a guess--see below
398 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
399 Rule Tonga 1999 max - Oct Sat>=1 0:00 1:00 S
400 Rule Tonga 2000 max - Apr Sat>=15 0:00 - -
401 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
402 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
403 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time
408 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
409 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
410 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time
413 # US minor outlying islands
416 # uninhabited since World War II
417 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago
420 # uninhabited since 1958
421 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
424 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
425 Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST
431 Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
432 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
433 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
434 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
437 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
440 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
441 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
442 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time
446 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
447 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
448 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
449 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
450 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
451 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
452 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
453 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
454 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
455 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time
458 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
459 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
460 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time
462 ###############################################################################
466 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
467 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
468 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
470 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-03-22):
471 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
472 # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
473 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
475 # Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
476 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
477 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
478 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
479 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
481 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
482 # and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
484 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
485 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
486 # I found in the UCLA library.
488 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
489 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
491 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
492 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
493 # Corrections are welcome!
495 # LMT Local Mean Time
496 # 8:00 WST WST Western Australia
498 # 9:30 CST CST Central Australia
499 # 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia
501 # 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe*
502 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand
503 # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham*
507 # See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
508 # See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
510 ###############################################################################
514 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
515 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
516 # It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
517 # and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
518 # abbreviation does _not_ change...
519 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
520 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
521 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
522 # the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight
524 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
525 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time'
526 # or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
527 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
528 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
529 # prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;
530 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
532 # From Arthur David Olson (March 8 1992):
533 # Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:
534 # CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30
535 # WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00
536 # EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00
538 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
539 # Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand.
540 # Mark Prior <mrp@itd.adelaide.edu.au> writes that his newspaper
541 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
542 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
543 # and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.
544 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
546 # From Eric Ulevik <eau@zip.com.au> (1998-01-05):
548 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
549 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
550 # relevant entries in this database.
552 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
553 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html">
554 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
557 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
558 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
561 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html">
562 # Standard Time Act, 1898
567 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
568 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
570 # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
572 # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
574 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
575 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
576 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
580 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
581 # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
583 # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
584 # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
585 # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
586 # # before reaching parliament.
588 # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST
590 # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
591 # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
592 # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
593 # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
595 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
596 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
597 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
599 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
600 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
601 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
603 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
606 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
607 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
608 # it matches what was used in the past.
610 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm">
611 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
612 # </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
613 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
616 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
617 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
620 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
622 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
623 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
624 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
625 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
627 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
628 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
631 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
632 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
633 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
634 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
636 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
637 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
638 # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
641 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
642 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
643 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
645 # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
646 # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
649 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
650 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
652 # South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria
654 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
655 # The rules from version 7.1 follow.
656 # There are lots of differences between these rules and
657 # the Shepherd et al. rules. Since the Shepherd et al. rules
658 # and Bradley White's newspaper article are in agreement on
659 # current DST ending dates, no worries.
661 # Rule Oz 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
662 # Rule Oz 1986 max - Oct Sun<=24 2:00 1:00 -
663 # Rule Oz 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 -
664 # Rule Oz 1973 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
665 # Rule Oz 1987 max - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 -
666 # Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 Oz EST
667 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 Oz CST
668 # Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 Oz EST 1985 Oct lastSun 2:00
669 # 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun<=21 3:00
672 # From Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
673 # I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct...
674 # that changed Oct 89. That is, we're back to the
675 # original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states
676 # that have dst, incl Qld. (Certainly it was true in Vic).
677 # The file I'm including says that happened in 1988, I think
678 # that's incorrect, but I'm not 100% certain.
682 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
683 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
684 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
685 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
687 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
688 # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
691 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST
693 # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
694 # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
695 # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 C
696 # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
698 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
699 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
700 # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
701 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
703 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
704 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
705 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
706 # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival
709 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
710 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
711 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
712 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
714 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
715 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
716 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
717 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
719 # From John Warburton <jwarb@SACBH.com.au> (1994-10-07):
720 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
721 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
722 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
726 # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
727 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
728 # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
731 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
732 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
733 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
734 # (but nothing new about that).
738 # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
739 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
740 # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
745 # From Arthur David Olson:
746 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
747 # Based on law library research by John Mackin (john@basser.cs.su.oz),
749 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
750 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time''
751 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
752 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
753 # legislation. This is very important to understand.
754 # I have researched New South Wales time only...
756 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
757 # The Information Service of the Australian National Standards Commission
758 # <a href="http://www.nsc.gov.au/InfoServ/Ileaflet/il27.htm">
760 # </a> page (1995-04) has an excellent overall history of Australian DST.
761 # The Community Relations Division of the NSW Attorney General's Department
762 # publishes a history of daylight saving in NSW. See:
763 # <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/crd.nsf/pages/time2">
764 # Lawlink NSW: Daylight Saving in New South Wales
767 # From Eric Ulevik <eau@ozemail.com.au> (1999-05-26):
768 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
769 # October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore,
770 # <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html">
771 # Two months more daylight saving
773 # Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]
775 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
776 # See the following official NSW source:
777 # <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ">
778 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
781 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
782 # daylight saving next year. See:
783 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm">
784 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
785 # </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
787 # Victoria will following NSW. See:
788 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm">
789 # Vic to extend daylight saving
792 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
793 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm">
794 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request
797 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
798 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm">
799 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
800 # </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
801 # ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
802 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
803 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
804 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
805 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.''
807 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
808 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm">
809 # Broken Hill to be behind the times
812 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
813 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
814 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
818 # From John Basser (1989-01-04):
819 # `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
821 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
822 # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
825 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
826 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
827 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
828 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
829 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
830 # # presently available.
831 # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST
833 # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
834 # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C
835 # [followed by other Rules]
839 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
840 # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen.. pauline@Aus ]
842 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
843 # hour ahead of NSW time.
845 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
846 # For Lord Howe we use Shanks through 1991.
847 # Lord Howe is part of NSW, so we'll guess it has used the same transition
848 # times as NSW since 1991, even though Shanks writes that Lord Howe went
849 # with Victoria when NSW and Victoria disagreed in 1982.
851 ###############################################################################
853 # New Zealand, from Elz' asia 1.1
854 # Elz says "no guarantees"
856 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
857 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
858 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
859 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
860 # source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
862 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
863 # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
864 # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
865 # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Geofft@Aus.. Auckland N.Z. ]
868 # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
869 # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
870 # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
871 # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S
873 # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
874 # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
876 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
877 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
878 # rather than the October 1 value.
880 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
881 # Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand.
882 # Robert Uzgalis <buz@cs.aukuni.ac.nz> writes that the New Zealand Daylight
883 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
884 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
885 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
887 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
888 # Shanks gives no data for Chatham; usno1989 says it's +12:45,
889 # usno1995 says it's +12:45/+13:45, and IATA SSIM (1991/1996)
890 # gives the NZ rules but with transitions at 2:45 local standard time.
891 # Guess that they adopted DST in 1990.
893 ###############################################################################
897 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
898 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
899 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
901 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
902 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
903 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
904 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
906 # From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC):
907 # The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
908 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it
909 # also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific
910 # islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new
915 # Johnston data is from usno1995.
919 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
920 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
921 # ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
922 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
926 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
927 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
928 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
929 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
930 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
934 # Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
935 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
936 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
937 # Ignore this for now, as we have no hard data. See also Asia/Manila.
941 # Alan Eugene Davis <adavis@kuentos.guam.net> writes (1996-03-16),
942 # ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
943 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
945 # Shanks writes that Truk switched from GMT+10 to GMT+11 on 1978-10-01;
946 # ignore this for now.
950 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
951 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
952 # ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
953 # ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
954 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
958 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
959 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
960 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
961 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
963 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
964 # <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm">
965 # How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'
968 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
969 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
970 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
971 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
972 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
973 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
975 # Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
976 # Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
977 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
979 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
980 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
981 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
982 # minutes we have lost?"
984 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
985 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
986 # to say your prayers in the morning."
988 # From Paul Eggert (1999-08-12):
989 # Shanks says the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
991 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
992 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium
993 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
994 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
995 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
998 # From Steffen Thorsen [straen@thorsen.priv.no] (1999-09-09):
999 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November
1001 # I was given this link by John Letts <johnletts@earthlink.net>:
1002 # <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm">
1003 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
1006 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
1007 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
1008 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
1009 # (12 + 1 hour DST).
1011 # From Arthur David Olson [arthur_david_olson@nih.gov] (1999-09-20):
1012 # According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>
1013 # http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html
1015 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
1016 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
1017 # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
1018 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
1019 # set back an hour on the closing date."
1020 # Alas, no indication of the time of day.