2 # This file also includes Pacific islands.
4 # Notes are at the end of this file
6 ###############################################################################
10 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
11 # Shanks gives 1917 Jan 1 0:01; go with Whitman (and guess 2:00).
12 Rule Aus 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00 1:00 -
13 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -
14 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 -
15 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 -
16 Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 -
17 Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
18 Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 -
19 # Whitman says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944, and that
20 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944; go with Shanks.
22 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
24 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
26 9:30 - CST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
29 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
30 8:00 - WST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
31 8:00 Aus WST 1974 Oct lastSun 2:00s
32 8:00 1:00 WST 1975 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
33 8:00 - WST 1983 Oct lastSun 2:00s
34 8:00 1:00 WST 1984 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
35 8:00 - WST 1991 Nov 17 2:00s
36 8:00 1:00 WST 1992 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
40 # From Alex Livingston <alex@agsm.unsw.edu.au> (1996-11-01):
41 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
42 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
43 # Queensland ceased to.
45 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
46 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
47 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
48 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
51 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
52 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
53 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
54 Rule Holiday 1989 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
55 Rule Holiday 1990 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
56 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
57 10:00 - EST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
58 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Oct lastSun 2:00s
59 10:00 1:00 EST 1972 Feb lastSun 2:00s
61 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
62 10:00 - EST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
63 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Oct lastSun 2:00s
64 10:00 1:00 EST 1972 Feb lastSun 2:00s
68 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
69 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
70 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
71 Rule AS 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
72 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
73 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
74 Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
75 Rule AS 1990 1994 even Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
76 Rule AS 1990 1994 odd Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
77 Rule AS 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
78 Rule AS 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
79 Rule AS 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
80 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
81 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
83 9:30 - CST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
84 9:30 Aus CST 1971 Oct lastSun 2:00s
88 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
89 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct 1 2:00s 1:00 -
90 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar 31 2:00s 0 -
91 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
92 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
93 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
94 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
95 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
96 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
97 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
98 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
99 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
100 Rule AT 1991 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
101 Rule AT 1991 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
102 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
103 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
104 10:00 - EST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
105 10:00 Aus EST 1967 Oct 1 2:00s
109 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
110 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
111 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
112 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
113 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
114 Rule AV 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
115 Rule AV 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
116 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
117 Rule AV 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
118 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
119 Rule AV 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
120 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
121 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
122 10:00 - EST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
123 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Oct 31 2:00s
127 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
128 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
129 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
130 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
131 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
132 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
133 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
134 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
135 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
136 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
137 Rule AN 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
138 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
139 Rule AN 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
140 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
141 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
142 10:00 - EST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
143 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Oct 31 2:00s
145 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
146 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23
148 9:30 - CST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
149 9:30 Aus CST 1971 Oct 31 2:00s
153 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
154 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
155 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
156 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0:30 -
157 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
158 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 0:30 -
159 Rule LH 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0:30 -
160 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
161 Rule LH 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
162 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
166 # Australian miscellany
168 # Ashmore Is, Cartier
169 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
170 # no information; probably like Australia/Perth
173 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
177 # permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948;
178 # sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917
181 # Manihiki, Penrhyn, Rakehanga
185 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
186 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
187 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
190 # From Shanks (1995):
191 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
192 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
193 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
194 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
195 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
196 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
197 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
202 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
203 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time
206 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
207 Rule Fiji 1998 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
208 Rule Fiji 1999 max - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
209 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
210 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
211 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time
214 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
215 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
216 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time
217 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
218 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time
219 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
220 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time
221 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
225 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
226 Zone Pacific/Guam 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
230 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
231 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
232 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time
233 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
234 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
237 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
238 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time
243 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
244 Zone Pacific/Saipan 9:43:00 - LMT 1901
245 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
249 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
250 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
251 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
253 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
255 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
259 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
260 Zone Pacific/Yap 9:12:32 - LMT 1901 # Colonia
261 9:00 - YAPT 1969 Oct # Yap Time
263 Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
264 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time
265 Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
266 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time
267 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
268 11:00 - PONT 1969 Oct
269 12:00 - KOST # Kosrae Time
272 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
273 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
274 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
275 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15
280 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
281 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
282 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
283 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
284 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
285 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
286 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13
290 ###############################################################################
294 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
295 # Shanks gives 1927 Nov 6 - 1928 Mar 4, 1928 Oct 14 - 1929 Mar 17,
296 # 1929 Oct 13 - 1930 Mar 16; go with Whitman.
297 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 26 2:00 0:30 HD
298 Rule NZ 1928 1929 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
299 Rule NZ 1928 only - Nov 4 2:00 0:30 HD
300 Rule NZ 1929 only - Oct 30 2:00 0:30 HD
301 Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
302 Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 HD
303 # Whitman says DST went on and off during war years, and the base UT offset
304 # didn't change until 1945 Apr 30; go with Shanks.
305 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 S
306 Rule NZ 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 HD
307 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D
308 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
309 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D
310 Rule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
311 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S
312 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
313 Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
314 Rule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
315 Rule Chatham 1991 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
316 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
317 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868
318 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1940 Sep 29 2:00
320 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
324 # uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
325 # and scientific personnel have wintered
328 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
329 # scientific station operated 1941/1995;
330 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
331 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland
333 ###############################################################################
337 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
338 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
339 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
340 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
344 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
345 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
346 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
347 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
350 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
351 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
352 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
355 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
356 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
357 9:48:40 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
358 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
361 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
362 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
363 -8:30 - PNT # Pitcairn Time
366 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
368 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
369 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
370 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
371 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
374 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
376 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
377 -11:00 - WST # W Samoa Time
380 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
381 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
382 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
383 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
386 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
387 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
388 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time
391 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
392 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
393 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time
397 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
398 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
399 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time
402 # US minor outlying islands
405 # uninhabited since World War II
406 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago
409 # uninhabited since 1958
410 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
413 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
414 Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST
420 Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
421 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
422 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
423 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
426 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
429 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
430 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
431 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time
435 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
436 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
437 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
438 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
439 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
440 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
441 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
442 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
443 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
444 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time
447 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
448 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
449 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time
451 ###############################################################################
455 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
456 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
457 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
459 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-03-22):
460 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
461 # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
462 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
464 # Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
465 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
466 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
467 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
468 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
470 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
471 # and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
473 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
474 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
475 # I found in the UCLA library.
477 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
478 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
480 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
481 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
482 # Corrections are welcome!
484 # LMT Local Mean Time
485 # 8:00 WST WST Western Australia
487 # 9:30 CST CST Central Australia
488 # 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia
490 # 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe*
491 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand
492 # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham*
496 # See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
497 # See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
499 ###############################################################################
503 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
504 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
505 # It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
506 # and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
507 # abbreviation does _not_ change...
508 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
509 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
510 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
511 # the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight
513 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
514 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time'
515 # or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
516 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
517 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
518 # prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;
519 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
521 # From Arthur David Olson (March 8 1992):
522 # Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:
523 # CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30
524 # WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00
525 # EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00
527 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
528 # Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand.
529 # Mark Prior <mrp@itd.adelaide.edu.au> writes that his newspaper
530 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
531 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
532 # and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.
533 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
535 # From Eric Ulevik <eau@zip.com.au> (1998-01-05):
537 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
538 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
539 # relevant entries in this database.
541 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
542 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html">
543 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
546 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
547 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
550 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html">
551 # Standard Time Act, 1898
556 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
557 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
559 # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
561 # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
563 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
564 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
565 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
569 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
570 # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
572 # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
573 # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
574 # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
575 # # before reaching parliament.
577 # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST
579 # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
580 # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
581 # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
582 # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
584 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
585 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
586 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
588 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
589 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
590 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
592 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
595 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
596 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
597 # it matches what was used in the past.
600 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
601 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
604 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
606 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
607 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
608 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
609 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
611 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
612 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
615 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
616 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
617 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
618 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
620 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
621 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
622 # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
625 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
626 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
627 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
629 # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
630 # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
633 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
634 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
636 # South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria
638 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
639 # The rules from version 7.1 follow.
640 # There are lots of differences between these rules and
641 # the Shepherd et al. rules. Since the Shepherd et al. rules
642 # and Bradley White's newspaper article are in agreement on
643 # current DST ending dates, no worries.
645 # Rule Oz 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
646 # Rule Oz 1986 max - Oct Sun<=24 2:00 1:00 -
647 # Rule Oz 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 -
648 # Rule Oz 1973 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
649 # Rule Oz 1987 max - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 -
650 # Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 Oz EST
651 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 Oz CST
652 # Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 Oz EST 1985 Oct lastSun 2:00
653 # 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun<=21 3:00
656 # From Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
657 # I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct...
658 # that changed Oct 89. That is, we're back to the
659 # original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states
660 # that have dst, incl Qld. (Certainly it was true in Vic).
661 # The file I'm including says that happened in 1988, I think
662 # that's incorrect, but I'm not 100% certain.
666 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
667 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
668 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
669 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
671 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
672 # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
675 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST
677 # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
678 # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
679 # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 C
680 # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
682 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
683 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
684 # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
685 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
687 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
688 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
689 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
690 # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival
693 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
694 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
695 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
696 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
698 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
699 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
700 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
701 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
703 # From John Warburton <jwarb@SACBH.com.au> (1994-10-07):
704 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
705 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
706 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
710 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
711 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
712 # ...Tasmania will revert to Australian Eastern Standard Time on March 31...
714 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
715 # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
718 # Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 AT %sST
720 # Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
721 # Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 E
722 # Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
723 # Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 3:00 0 E
724 # Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
725 # Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
726 # Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 E
727 # Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
728 # Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 D
729 # Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 E
730 # Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00 1:00 D
731 # Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
732 # Rule AT 1991 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
733 # Rule AT 1991 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 E
735 # From Bill Hart via Alexander Dupuy and Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
736 # My state Government in there eagerness to get a few more bucks for the
737 # tourist industry industry decided to change the daylight savings times
738 # yet again (we now have almost 6 months per year)...
740 # Rule Oz 1986 1990 - Oct Sun<=24 2:00 1:00 -
741 # Rule Oz 1991 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 -
743 # Rule Oz 1987 1990 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 -
744 # Rule Oz 1991 max - Mar Sun<=31 3:00 0 -
746 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
747 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
748 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
749 # (but nothing new about that).
753 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
754 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
755 # ...Victoria...[has] agreed to end daylight saving at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
757 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
758 # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
761 # Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 AV %sST
763 # Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
764 # Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
765 # Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
766 # Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 E
767 # Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 D
768 # Rule AV 1988 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
769 # Rule AV 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
773 # From Arthur David Olson:
774 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
775 # Based on law library research by John Mackin (john@basser.cs.su.oz),
777 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
778 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time''
779 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
780 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
781 # legislation. This is very important to understand.
782 # I have researched New South Wales time only...
784 # From Dave Davey (1990-03-03):
785 # Rule NSW 1988 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
786 # Rule NSW 1989 only - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 -
788 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
789 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
790 # NSW...[has] agreed to end daylight saving at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
792 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
793 # # The state of NEW SOUTH WALES.. [confirmed by Attorney General's Dept N.S.W]
796 # Rule AN 1988 1989 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 E
799 # From John Mackin (1991-03-09)
800 # I have confirmed the accuracy of the historical data for NSW in the
801 # file Robert forwarded
803 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
804 # Sources differ on whether DST ended March 6 or March 20 in 1988;
805 # March 20 (the "confirmed" date) is in the chosen rules.
807 # From Bradley White (1995-05-20):
808 # Prem Bob Carr announced NSW will fall into line with other E states
809 # and SA and continue daylight savings to the last Sun in Mar.
811 # From Eric Ulevik <eau@ozemail.com.au> (1999-05-26):
812 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
813 # October in 2000. Victoria and South Australia are expected to adopt this
814 # change, Queensland is unlikely. [See: Matthew Moore,
815 # <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html">
816 # Two months more daylight saving
818 # Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]
820 # Also see the following official NSW source:
821 # <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ">
822 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
825 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
826 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
827 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
831 # From John Basser (1989-01-04):
832 # `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
834 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
835 # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
838 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
839 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
840 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
841 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
842 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
843 # # presently available.
844 # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST
846 # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
847 # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C
848 # [followed by other Rules]
852 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
853 # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen.. pauline@Aus ]
855 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
856 # hour ahead of NSW time.
858 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
859 # For Lord Howe we use Shanks through 1991.
860 # Lord Howe is part of NSW, so we'll guess it has used the same transition
861 # times as NSW since 1991, even though Shanks writes that Lord Howe went
862 # with Victoria when NSW and Victoria disagreed in 1982.
864 ###############################################################################
866 # New Zealand, from Elz' asia 1.1
867 # Elz says "no guarantees"
869 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
870 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
871 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
872 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
873 # source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
875 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
876 # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
877 # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
878 # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Geofft@Aus.. Auckland N.Z. ]
881 # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
882 # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
883 # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
884 # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S
886 # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
887 # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
889 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
890 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
891 # rather than the October 1 value.
893 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
894 # Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand.
895 # Robert Uzgalis <buz@cs.aukuni.ac.nz> writes that the New Zealand Daylight
896 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
897 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
898 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
900 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
901 # Shanks gives no data for Chatham; usno1989 says it's +12:45,
902 # usno1995 says it's +12:45/+13:45, and IATA SSIM (1991/1996)
903 # gives the NZ rules but with transitions at 2:45 local standard time.
904 # Guess that they adopted DST in 1990.
906 ###############################################################################
910 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
911 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
912 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
914 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
915 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
916 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
917 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
919 # From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC):
920 # The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
921 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it
922 # also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific
923 # islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new
928 # Johnston data is from usno1995.
932 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
933 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
934 # ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
935 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
939 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
940 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
941 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
942 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
943 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
947 # Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
948 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
949 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
950 # Ignore this for now, as we have no hard data. See also Asia/Manila.
954 # Alan Eugene Davis <adavis@kuentos.guam.net> writes (1996-03-16),
955 # ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
956 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
958 # Shanks writes that Truk switched from GMT+10 to GMT+11 on 1978-10-01;
959 # ignore this for now.
963 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
964 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
965 # ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
966 # ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
967 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
971 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
972 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
973 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
974 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
976 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
977 # <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm">
978 # How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'
981 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
982 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
983 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
984 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
985 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
986 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
988 # Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
989 # Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
990 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
992 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
993 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
994 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of th 40
995 # minutes we have lost?"
997 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
998 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
999 # to say your prayers in the morning."
1001 # From Paul Eggert (1999-08-12):
1002 # Shanks says the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
1004 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
1005 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium
1006 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
1007 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
1008 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan