2 # This file also includes Pacific islands.
4 # Notes are at the end of this file
6 ###############################################################################
10 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
11 Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 -
12 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -
13 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 -
14 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 -
15 Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 -
16 Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
17 Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 -
18 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
19 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that
20 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
22 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
24 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
28 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
30 8:00 - WST 1974 Oct lastSun 2:00s
31 8:00 1:00 WST 1975 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
32 8:00 - WST 1983 Oct lastSun 2:00s
33 8:00 1:00 WST 1984 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
34 8:00 - WST 1991 Nov 17 2:00s
35 8:00 1:00 WST 1992 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
39 # From Alex Livingston <alex@agsm.unsw.edu.au> (1996-11-01):
40 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
41 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
42 # Queensland ceased to.
44 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
45 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
46 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
47 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
50 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
51 Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
52 Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
53 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
54 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
55 Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
56 Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
57 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
60 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
66 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
67 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
68 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
69 Rule AS 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
70 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
71 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
72 Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
73 Rule AS 1990 1994 even Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
74 Rule AS 1990 1994 odd Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
75 Rule AS 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
76 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
77 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
83 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
84 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
85 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
86 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
87 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
88 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
89 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
90 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
91 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
92 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
93 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
94 Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 -
95 Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
96 Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
97 Rule AT 1991 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
98 Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
99 Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
100 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
101 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
102 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
103 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
108 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
109 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
110 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
111 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
112 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
113 Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
114 Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
115 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
116 Rule AV 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
117 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
118 Rule AV 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
119 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
120 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
125 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
126 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
127 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
128 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
129 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
130 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
131 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
132 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
133 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
134 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
135 Rule AN 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
136 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
137 Rule AN 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
138 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
139 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
142 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
143 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23
150 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
151 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
152 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
153 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0:30 -
154 Rule LH 1986 1991 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
155 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 0:30 -
156 Rule LH 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0:30 -
157 Rule LH 1992 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
158 Rule LH 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
159 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
163 # Australian miscellany
165 # Ashmore Is, Cartier
166 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
167 # no information; probably like Australia/Perth
170 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
174 # permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948;
175 # sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917
176 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm">
177 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
178 # </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Macquarie Island follows Tasmanian practice
179 # irrespective of any local use of DST. This is unclear; ignore it for now.
181 # Manihiki, Penrhyn, Rakehanga
185 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
186 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
187 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
191 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
192 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
193 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
194 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
195 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
196 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
197 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
202 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
203 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time
206 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
207 Rule Fiji 1998 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
208 Rule Fiji 1999 max - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
209 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
210 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
211 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time
214 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
215 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
216 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time
217 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
218 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time
219 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
220 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time
221 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
225 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
226 Zone Pacific/Guam 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
230 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
231 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
232 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time
233 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
234 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
237 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
238 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time
243 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
244 Zone Pacific/Saipan 9:43:00 - LMT 1901
245 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
249 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
250 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
251 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
253 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
255 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
259 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
260 Zone Pacific/Yap 9:12:32 - LMT 1901 # Colonia
261 9:00 - YAPT 1969 Oct # Yap Time
263 Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
264 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time
265 Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
266 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time
267 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
268 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
273 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
274 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
275 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
276 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15
281 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
282 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
283 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
284 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
285 # Shanks says the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
286 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
287 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
288 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13
292 ###############################################################################
296 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
297 # Shanks gives 1927 Nov 6 - 1928 Mar 4, 1928 Oct 14 - 1929 Mar 17,
298 # 1929 Oct 13 - 1930 Mar 16; go with Whitman.
299 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 26 2:00 0:30 HD
300 Rule NZ 1928 1929 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
301 Rule NZ 1928 only - Nov 4 2:00 0:30 HD
302 Rule NZ 1929 only - Oct 30 2:00 0:30 HD
303 Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
304 Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 HD
305 # Whitman says DST went on and off during war years, and the base UT offset
306 # didn't change until 1945 Apr 30; go with Shanks.
307 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 S
308 Rule NZ 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 HD
309 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D
310 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
311 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D
312 Rule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
313 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S
314 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
315 Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
316 Rule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
317 Rule Chatham 1991 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
318 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
319 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868
320 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1940 Sep 29 2:00
322 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
326 # uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
327 # and scientific personnel have wintered
330 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
331 # scientific station operated 1941/1995;
332 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
333 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland
335 ###############################################################################
339 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
340 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
341 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
342 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
346 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
347 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
348 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
349 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
352 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
353 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
354 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
357 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
358 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
359 9:48:40 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
360 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
363 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
364 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
365 -8:30 - PNT # Pitcairn Time
368 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
370 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
371 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
372 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
373 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
376 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
378 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
379 -11:00 - WST # W Samoa Time
382 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
383 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
384 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
385 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
388 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
389 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
390 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time
393 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
394 Rule Tonga 1999 max - Oct Sat>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
395 Rule Tonga 2000 max - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s - -
396 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
397 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
398 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time
403 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
404 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
405 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time
408 # US minor outlying islands
411 # uninhabited since World War II
412 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago
415 # uninhabited since 1958
416 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
419 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
420 Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST
426 Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
427 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
428 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
429 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
432 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
435 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
436 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
437 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time
441 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
442 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
443 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
444 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
445 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
446 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
447 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
448 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
449 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
450 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time
453 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
454 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
455 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time
457 ###############################################################################
461 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
462 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
463 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
465 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
466 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
467 # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
468 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
470 # Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
471 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
472 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
473 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
474 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
476 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
477 # and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
479 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
480 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
481 # I found in the UCLA library.
483 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
484 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
486 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
487 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
488 # Corrections are welcome!
490 # LMT Local Mean Time
491 # 8:00 WST WST Western Australia
493 # 9:30 CST CST Central Australia
494 # 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia
496 # 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe*
497 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand
498 # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham*
502 # See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
503 # See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
505 ###############################################################################
509 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
510 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
511 # It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
512 # and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
513 # abbreviation does _not_ change...
514 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
515 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
516 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
517 # the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight
519 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
520 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time'
521 # or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
522 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
523 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
524 # prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;
525 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
527 # From Arthur David Olson (March 8 1992):
528 # Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:
529 # CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30
530 # WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00
531 # EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00
533 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
534 # Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand.
535 # Mark Prior <mrp@itd.adelaide.edu.au> writes that his newspaper
536 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
537 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
538 # and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.
539 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
541 # From Eric Ulevik <eau@zip.com.au> (1998-01-05):
543 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
544 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
545 # relevant entries in this database.
547 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
548 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html">
549 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
552 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
553 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
556 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html">
557 # Standard Time Act, 1898
562 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
563 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
565 # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
567 # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
569 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
570 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
571 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
575 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
576 # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
578 # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
579 # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
580 # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
581 # # before reaching parliament.
583 # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST
585 # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
586 # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
587 # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
588 # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
590 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
591 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
592 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
594 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
595 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
596 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
598 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
601 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
602 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
603 # it matches what was used in the past.
605 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm">
606 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
607 # </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
608 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
611 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
612 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
615 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
617 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
618 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
619 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
620 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
622 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
623 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
626 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
627 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
628 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
629 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
631 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
632 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
633 # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
636 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
637 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
638 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
640 # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
641 # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
644 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
645 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
647 # South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria
649 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
650 # The rules from version 7.1 follow.
651 # There are lots of differences between these rules and
652 # the Shepherd et al. rules. Since the Shepherd et al. rules
653 # and Bradley White's newspaper article are in agreement on
654 # current DST ending dates, no worries.
656 # Rule Oz 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
657 # Rule Oz 1986 max - Oct Sun<=24 2:00 1:00 -
658 # Rule Oz 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 -
659 # Rule Oz 1973 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
660 # Rule Oz 1987 max - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 -
661 # Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 Oz EST
662 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 Oz CST
663 # Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 Oz EST 1985 Oct lastSun 2:00
664 # 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun<=21 3:00
667 # From Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
668 # I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct...
669 # that changed Oct 89. That is, we're back to the
670 # original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states
671 # that have dst, incl Qld. (Certainly it was true in Vic).
672 # The file I'm including says that happened in 1988, I think
673 # that's incorrect, but I'm not 100% certain.
677 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
678 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
679 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
680 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
682 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
683 # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
686 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST
688 # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
689 # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
690 # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 C
691 # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
693 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
694 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
695 # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
696 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
698 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
699 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
700 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
701 # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival
704 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
705 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
706 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
707 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
709 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
710 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
711 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
712 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
714 # From John Warburton <jwarb@SACBH.com.au> (1994-10-07):
715 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
716 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
717 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
721 # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
722 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
723 # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
726 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
727 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
728 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
729 # (but nothing new about that).
731 # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
732 # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
733 # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
734 # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
735 # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
736 # instead of the first Sunday in October.
740 # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
741 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
742 # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
747 # From Arthur David Olson:
748 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
749 # Based on law library research by John Mackin (john@basser.cs.su.oz),
751 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
752 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time''
753 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
754 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
755 # legislation. This is very important to understand.
756 # I have researched New South Wales time only...
758 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
759 # The Information Service of the Australian National Standards Commission
760 # <a href="http://www.nsc.gov.au/InfoServ/Ileaflet/il27.htm">
762 # </a> page (1995-04) has an excellent overall history of Australian DST.
763 # The Community Relations Division of the NSW Attorney General's Department
764 # publishes a history of daylight saving in NSW. See:
765 # <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/crd.nsf/pages/time2">
766 # Lawlink NSW: Daylight Saving in New South Wales
769 # From Eric Ulevik <eau@ozemail.com.au> (1999-05-26):
770 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
771 # October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore,
772 # <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html">
773 # Two months more daylight saving
775 # Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]
777 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
778 # See the following official NSW source:
779 # <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ">
780 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
783 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
784 # daylight saving next year. See:
785 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm">
786 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
787 # </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
789 # Victoria will following NSW. See:
790 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm">
791 # Vic to extend daylight saving
794 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
795 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm">
796 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request
799 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
800 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm">
801 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
802 # </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
803 # ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
804 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
805 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
806 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
807 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.''
809 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
810 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm">
811 # Broken Hill to be behind the times
814 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
815 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
816 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
820 # From John Basser (1989-01-04):
821 # `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
823 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
824 # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
827 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
828 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
829 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
830 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
831 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
832 # # presently available.
833 # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST
835 # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
836 # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C
837 # [followed by other Rules]
841 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
842 # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen.. pauline@Aus ]
844 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
845 # hour ahead of NSW time.
847 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
848 # For Lord Howe we use Shanks through 1991.
849 # Lord Howe is part of NSW, so we'll guess it has used the same transition
850 # times as NSW since 1991, even though Shanks writes that Lord Howe went
851 # with Victoria when NSW and Victoria disagreed in 1982.
853 ###############################################################################
855 # New Zealand, from Elz' asia 1.1
856 # Elz says "no guarantees"
858 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
859 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
860 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
861 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
862 # source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
864 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
865 # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
866 # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
867 # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Geofft@Aus.. Auckland N.Z. ]
870 # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
871 # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
872 # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
873 # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S
875 # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
876 # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
878 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
879 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
880 # rather than the October 1 value.
882 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
883 # Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand.
884 # Robert Uzgalis <buz@cs.aukuni.ac.nz> writes that the New Zealand Daylight
885 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
886 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
887 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
889 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
890 # Shanks gives no time data for Chatham; usno1989 says it's +12:45,
891 # usno1995 says it's +12:45/+13:45, and IATA SSIM (1991/1999)
892 # gives the NZ rules but with transitions at 2:45 local standard time.
893 # Guess that they have been in lock-step with NZ since 1990.
895 ###############################################################################
899 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
900 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
901 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
903 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
904 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
905 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
906 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
908 # From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC):
909 # The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
910 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it
911 # also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific
912 # islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new
917 # Johnston data is from usno1995.
921 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
922 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
923 # ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
924 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
928 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
929 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
930 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
931 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
932 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
936 # Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
937 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
938 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
939 # Ignore this for now, as we have no hard data. See also Asia/Manila.
943 # Alan Eugene Davis <adavis@kuentos.guam.net> writes (1996-03-16),
944 # ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
945 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
947 # Shanks writes that Truk switched from GMT+10 to GMT+11 on 1978-10-01;
948 # ignore this for now.
950 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
951 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
952 # <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html">
953 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information
955 # that Truk and Yap are GMT+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are GMT+11.
956 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from GMT+12; assume January 1 for now.
960 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
961 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
962 # ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
963 # ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
964 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
968 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
969 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
970 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
971 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
973 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
974 # <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm">
975 # How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'
978 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
979 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
980 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
981 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
982 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
983 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
985 # Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
986 # Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
987 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
989 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
990 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
991 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
992 # minutes we have lost?"
994 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
995 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
996 # to say your prayers in the morning."
998 # From Paul Eggert (1999-08-12):
999 # Shanks says the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
1001 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
1002 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium
1003 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
1004 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
1005 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
1008 # From Steffen Thorsen [straen@thorsen.priv.no] (1999-09-09):
1009 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November
1011 # I was given this link by John Letts <johnletts@earthlink.net>:
1012 # <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm">
1013 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
1016 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
1017 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
1018 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
1019 # (12 + 1 hour DST).
1021 # From Arthur David Olson [arthur_david_olson@nih.gov] (1999-09-20):
1022 # According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>
1023 # http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html
1025 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
1026 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
1027 # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
1028 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
1029 # set back an hour on the closing date."
1030 # Alas, no indication of the time of day.
1032 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
1033 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
1034 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.