1 /* Copyright (C) 1991-2007, 2009-2011, 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
2 This file is part of the GNU C Library.
4 The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
5 modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
6 License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
7 version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
9 The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
12 Lesser General Public License for more details.
14 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
15 License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
16 Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
20 * ISO C99 Standard: 7.20 General utilities <stdlib.h>
27 /* Get size_t, wchar_t and NULL from <stddef.h>. */
29 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
30 # define __need_wchar_t
37 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
40 #if (defined __USE_XOPEN || defined __USE_XOPEN2K8) && !defined _SYS_WAIT_H
41 /* XPG requires a few symbols from <sys/wait.h> being defined. */
42 # include <bits/waitflags.h>
43 # include <bits/waitstatus.h>
47 /* Lots of hair to allow traditional BSD use of `union wait'
48 as well as POSIX.1 use of `int' for the status word. */
50 # if defined __GNUC__ && !defined __cplusplus
51 # define __WAIT_INT(status) \
52 (__extension__ (((union { __typeof(status) __in; int __i; }) \
53 { .__in = (status) }).__i))
55 # define __WAIT_INT(status) (*(int *) &(status))
58 /* This is the type of the argument to `wait'. The funky union
59 causes redeclarations with either `int *' or `union wait *' to be
60 allowed without complaint. __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN is the type used in
61 the actual function definitions. */
63 # if !defined __GNUC__ || __GNUC__ < 2 || defined __cplusplus
64 # define __WAIT_STATUS void *
65 # define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN void *
67 /* This works in GCC 2.6.1 and later. */
72 } __WAIT_STATUS __attribute__ ((__transparent_union__));
73 # define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN int *
76 # else /* Don't use BSD. */
78 # define __WAIT_INT(status) (status)
79 # define __WAIT_STATUS int *
80 # define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN int *
82 # endif /* Use BSD. */
84 /* Define the macros <sys/wait.h> also would define this way. */
85 # define WEXITSTATUS(status) __WEXITSTATUS (__WAIT_INT (status))
86 # define WTERMSIG(status) __WTERMSIG (__WAIT_INT (status))
87 # define WSTOPSIG(status) __WSTOPSIG (__WAIT_INT (status))
88 # define WIFEXITED(status) __WIFEXITED (__WAIT_INT (status))
89 # define WIFSIGNALED(status) __WIFSIGNALED (__WAIT_INT (status))
90 # define WIFSTOPPED(status) __WIFSTOPPED (__WAIT_INT (status))
91 # ifdef __WIFCONTINUED
92 # define WIFCONTINUED(status) __WIFCONTINUED (__WAIT_INT (status))
94 #endif /* X/Open or XPG7 and <sys/wait.h> not included. */
97 /* Returned by `div'. */
100 int quot; /* Quotient. */
101 int rem; /* Remainder. */
104 /* Returned by `ldiv'. */
105 #ifndef __ldiv_t_defined
108 long int quot; /* Quotient. */
109 long int rem; /* Remainder. */
111 # define __ldiv_t_defined 1
115 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 && !defined __lldiv_t_defined
116 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
117 /* Returned by `lldiv'. */
118 __extension__ typedef struct
120 long long int quot; /* Quotient. */
121 long long int rem; /* Remainder. */
123 # define __lldiv_t_defined 1
128 /* The largest number rand will return (same as INT_MAX). */
129 #define RAND_MAX 2147483647
132 /* We define these the same for all machines.
133 Changes from this to the outside world should be done in `_exit'. */
134 #define EXIT_FAILURE 1 /* Failing exit status. */
135 #define EXIT_SUCCESS 0 /* Successful exit status. */
138 /* Maximum length of a multibyte character in the current locale. */
139 #define MB_CUR_MAX (__ctype_get_mb_cur_max ())
140 extern size_t __ctype_get_mb_cur_max (void) __THROW __wur;
143 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
144 /* Convert a string to a floating-point number. */
145 extern double atof (const char *__nptr)
146 __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
147 /* Convert a string to an integer. */
148 extern int atoi (const char *__nptr)
149 __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
150 /* Convert a string to a long integer. */
151 extern long int atol (const char *__nptr)
152 __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
155 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 || (defined __GLIBC_HAVE_LONG_LONG && defined __USE_MISC)
156 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
157 /* Convert a string to a long long integer. */
158 __extension__ extern long long int atoll (const char *__nptr)
159 __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
163 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
164 /* Convert a string to a floating-point number. */
165 extern double strtod (const char *__restrict __nptr,
166 char **__restrict __endptr)
167 __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
171 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
172 /* Likewise for `float' and `long double' sizes of floating-point numbers. */
173 extern float strtof (const char *__restrict __nptr,
174 char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
176 extern long double strtold (const char *__restrict __nptr,
177 char **__restrict __endptr)
178 __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
182 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
183 /* Convert a string to a long integer. */
184 extern long int strtol (const char *__restrict __nptr,
185 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
186 __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
187 /* Convert a string to an unsigned long integer. */
188 extern unsigned long int strtoul (const char *__restrict __nptr,
189 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
190 __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
193 #if defined __GLIBC_HAVE_LONG_LONG && defined __USE_BSD
194 /* Convert a string to a quadword integer. */
196 extern long long int strtoq (const char *__restrict __nptr,
197 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
198 __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
199 /* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer. */
201 extern unsigned long long int strtouq (const char *__restrict __nptr,
202 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
203 __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
204 #endif /* GCC and use BSD. */
206 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 || (defined __GLIBC_HAVE_LONG_LONG && defined __USE_MISC)
207 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
208 /* Convert a string to a quadword integer. */
210 extern long long int strtoll (const char *__restrict __nptr,
211 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
212 __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
213 /* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer. */
215 extern unsigned long long int strtoull (const char *__restrict __nptr,
216 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
217 __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
219 #endif /* ISO C99 or GCC and use MISC. */
223 /* The concept of one static locale per category is not very well
224 thought out. Many applications will need to process its data using
225 information from several different locales. Another problem is
226 the implementation of the internationalization handling in the
227 ISO C++ standard library. To support this another set of
228 the functions using locale data exist which take an additional
231 Attention: even though several *_l interfaces are part of POSIX:2008,
234 /* Structure for reentrant locale using functions. This is an
235 (almost) opaque type for the user level programs. */
236 # include <xlocale.h>
238 /* Special versions of the functions above which take the locale to
239 use as an additional parameter. */
240 extern long int strtol_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
241 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
242 __locale_t __loc) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4)) __wur;
244 extern unsigned long int strtoul_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
245 char **__restrict __endptr,
246 int __base, __locale_t __loc)
247 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4)) __wur;
250 extern long long int strtoll_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
251 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
253 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4)) __wur;
256 extern unsigned long long int strtoull_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
257 char **__restrict __endptr,
258 int __base, __locale_t __loc)
259 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4)) __wur;
261 extern double strtod_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
262 char **__restrict __endptr, __locale_t __loc)
263 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3)) __wur;
265 extern float strtof_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
266 char **__restrict __endptr, __locale_t __loc)
267 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3)) __wur;
269 extern long double strtold_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
270 char **__restrict __endptr,
272 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3)) __wur;
276 #ifdef __USE_EXTERN_INLINES
277 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
278 __extern_inline double
279 __NTH (atof (const char *__nptr))
281 return strtod (__nptr, (char **) NULL);
284 __NTH (atoi (const char *__nptr))
286 return (int) strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
288 __extern_inline long int
289 __NTH (atol (const char *__nptr))
291 return strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
295 # if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_ISOC99
296 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
297 __extension__ __extern_inline long long int
298 __NTH (atoll (const char *__nptr))
300 return strtoll (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
304 #endif /* Optimizing and Inlining. */
307 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
308 /* Convert N to base 64 using the digits "./0-9A-Za-z", least-significant
309 digit first. Returns a pointer to static storage overwritten by the
311 extern char *l64a (long int __n) __THROW __wur;
313 /* Read a number from a string S in base 64 as above. */
314 extern long int a64l (const char *__s)
315 __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
317 #endif /* Use SVID || extended X/Open. */
319 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED || defined __USE_BSD
320 # include <sys/types.h> /* we need int32_t... */
322 /* These are the functions that actually do things. The `random', `srandom',
323 `initstate' and `setstate' functions are those from BSD Unices.
324 The `rand' and `srand' functions are required by the ANSI standard.
325 We provide both interfaces to the same random number generator. */
326 /* Return a random long integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive. */
327 extern long int random (void) __THROW;
329 /* Seed the random number generator with the given number. */
330 extern void srandom (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;
332 /* Initialize the random number generator to use state buffer STATEBUF,
333 of length STATELEN, and seed it with SEED. Optimal lengths are 8, 16,
334 32, 64, 128 and 256, the bigger the better; values less than 8 will
335 cause an error and values greater than 256 will be rounded down. */
336 extern char *initstate (unsigned int __seed, char *__statebuf,
337 size_t __statelen) __THROW __nonnull ((2));
339 /* Switch the random number generator to state buffer STATEBUF,
340 which should have been previously initialized by `initstate'. */
341 extern char *setstate (char *__statebuf) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
345 /* Reentrant versions of the `random' family of functions.
346 These functions all use the following data structure to contain
347 state, rather than global state variables. */
351 int32_t *fptr; /* Front pointer. */
352 int32_t *rptr; /* Rear pointer. */
353 int32_t *state; /* Array of state values. */
354 int rand_type; /* Type of random number generator. */
355 int rand_deg; /* Degree of random number generator. */
356 int rand_sep; /* Distance between front and rear. */
357 int32_t *end_ptr; /* Pointer behind state table. */
360 extern int random_r (struct random_data *__restrict __buf,
361 int32_t *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
363 extern int srandom_r (unsigned int __seed, struct random_data *__buf)
364 __THROW __nonnull ((2));
366 extern int initstate_r (unsigned int __seed, char *__restrict __statebuf,
368 struct random_data *__restrict __buf)
369 __THROW __nonnull ((2, 4));
371 extern int setstate_r (char *__restrict __statebuf,
372 struct random_data *__restrict __buf)
373 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
374 # endif /* Use misc. */
375 #endif /* Use SVID || extended X/Open || BSD. */
378 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
379 /* Return a random integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive. */
380 extern int rand (void) __THROW;
381 /* Seed the random number generator with the given number. */
382 extern void srand (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;
386 /* Reentrant interface according to POSIX.1. */
387 extern int rand_r (unsigned int *__seed) __THROW;
391 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN
392 /* System V style 48-bit random number generator functions. */
394 /* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0). */
395 extern double drand48 (void) __THROW;
396 extern double erand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3]) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
398 /* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31). */
399 extern long int lrand48 (void) __THROW;
400 extern long int nrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3])
401 __THROW __nonnull ((1));
403 /* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31). */
404 extern long int mrand48 (void) __THROW;
405 extern long int jrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3])
406 __THROW __nonnull ((1));
408 /* Seed random number generator. */
409 extern void srand48 (long int __seedval) __THROW;
410 extern unsigned short int *seed48 (unsigned short int __seed16v[3])
411 __THROW __nonnull ((1));
412 extern void lcong48 (unsigned short int __param[7]) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
415 /* Data structure for communication with thread safe versions. This
416 type is to be regarded as opaque. It's only exported because users
417 have to allocate objects of this type. */
420 unsigned short int __x[3]; /* Current state. */
421 unsigned short int __old_x[3]; /* Old state. */
422 unsigned short int __c; /* Additive const. in congruential formula. */
423 unsigned short int __init; /* Flag for initializing. */
424 unsigned long long int __a; /* Factor in congruential formula. */
427 /* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0). */
428 extern int drand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
429 double *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
430 extern int erand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
431 struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
432 double *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
434 /* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31). */
435 extern int lrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
436 long int *__restrict __result)
437 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
438 extern int nrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
439 struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
440 long int *__restrict __result)
441 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
443 /* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31). */
444 extern int mrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
445 long int *__restrict __result)
446 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
447 extern int jrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
448 struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
449 long int *__restrict __result)
450 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
452 /* Seed random number generator. */
453 extern int srand48_r (long int __seedval, struct drand48_data *__buffer)
454 __THROW __nonnull ((2));
456 extern int seed48_r (unsigned short int __seed16v[3],
457 struct drand48_data *__buffer) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
459 extern int lcong48_r (unsigned short int __param[7],
460 struct drand48_data *__buffer)
461 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
462 # endif /* Use misc. */
463 #endif /* Use SVID or X/Open. */
465 #endif /* don't just need malloc and calloc */
467 #ifndef __malloc_and_calloc_defined
468 # define __malloc_and_calloc_defined
469 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
470 /* Allocate SIZE bytes of memory. */
471 extern void *malloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __wur;
472 /* Allocate NMEMB elements of SIZE bytes each, all initialized to 0. */
473 extern void *calloc (size_t __nmemb, size_t __size)
474 __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __wur;
478 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
479 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
480 /* Re-allocate the previously allocated block
481 in PTR, making the new block SIZE bytes long. */
482 /* __attribute_malloc__ is not used, because if realloc returns
483 the same pointer that was passed to it, aliasing needs to be allowed
484 between objects pointed by the old and new pointers. */
485 extern void *realloc (void *__ptr, size_t __size)
486 __THROW __attribute_warn_unused_result__;
487 /* Free a block allocated by `malloc', `realloc' or `calloc'. */
488 extern void free (void *__ptr) __THROW;
492 /* Free a block. An alias for `free'. (Sun Unices). */
493 extern void cfree (void *__ptr) __THROW;
494 #endif /* Use misc. */
496 #if defined __USE_GNU || defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_MISC
498 #endif /* Use GNU, BSD, or misc. */
500 #if (defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED && !defined __USE_XOPEN2K) \
502 /* Allocate SIZE bytes on a page boundary. The storage cannot be freed. */
503 extern void *valloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __wur;
507 /* Allocate memory of SIZE bytes with an alignment of ALIGNMENT. */
508 extern int posix_memalign (void **__memptr, size_t __alignment, size_t __size)
509 __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
513 /* ISO C variant of aligned allocation. */
514 extern void *aligned_alloc (size_t __alignment, size_t __size)
515 __THROW __wur __attribute__ ((__malloc__, __alloc_size__ (2)));
518 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
519 /* Abort execution and generate a core-dump. */
520 extern void abort (void) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
523 /* Register a function to be called when `exit' is called. */
524 extern int atexit (void (*__func) (void)) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
526 #if defined __USE_ISOC11 || defined __USE_ISOCXX11
527 /* Register a function to be called when `quick_exit' is called. */
529 extern "C++" int at_quick_exit (void (*__func) (void))
530 __THROW __asm ("at_quick_exit") __nonnull ((1));
532 extern int at_quick_exit (void (*__func) (void)) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
538 /* Register a function to be called with the status
539 given to `exit' and the given argument. */
540 extern int on_exit (void (*__func) (int __status, void *__arg), void *__arg)
541 __THROW __nonnull ((1));
544 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
545 /* Call all functions registered with `atexit' and `on_exit',
546 in the reverse of the order in which they were registered,
547 perform stdio cleanup, and terminate program execution with STATUS. */
548 extern void exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
550 #if defined __USE_ISOC11 || defined __USE_ISOCXX11
551 /* Call all functions registered with `at_quick_exit' in the reverse
552 of the order in which they were registered and terminate program
553 execution with STATUS. */
554 extern void quick_exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
559 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
560 /* Terminate the program with STATUS without calling any of the
561 functions registered with `atexit' or `on_exit'. */
562 extern void _Exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
567 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
568 /* Return the value of envariable NAME, or NULL if it doesn't exist. */
569 extern char *getenv (const char *__name) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
572 /* This function is similar to the above but returns NULL if the
573 programs is running with SUID or SGID enabled. */
574 extern char *__secure_getenv (const char *__name)
575 __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
577 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN
578 /* The SVID says this is in <stdio.h>, but this seems a better place. */
579 /* Put STRING, which is of the form "NAME=VALUE", in the environment.
580 If there is no `=', remove NAME from the environment. */
581 extern int putenv (char *__string) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
584 #if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN2K
585 /* Set NAME to VALUE in the environment.
586 If REPLACE is nonzero, overwrite an existing value. */
587 extern int setenv (const char *__name, const char *__value, int __replace)
588 __THROW __nonnull ((2));
590 /* Remove the variable NAME from the environment. */
591 extern int unsetenv (const char *__name) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
595 /* The `clearenv' was planned to be added to POSIX.1 but probably
596 never made it. Nevertheless the POSIX.9 standard (POSIX bindings
597 for Fortran 77) requires this function. */
598 extern int clearenv (void) __THROW;
602 #if defined __USE_MISC \
603 || (defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED && !defined __USE_XOPEN2K)
604 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
605 The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
606 they are replaced with a string that makes the file name unique.
607 Returns TEMPLATE, or a null pointer if it cannot get a unique file name. */
608 extern char *mktemp (char *__template) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
611 #if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED \
612 || defined __USE_XOPEN2K8
613 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
614 The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
615 they are replaced with a string that makes the filename unique.
616 Returns a file descriptor open on the file for reading and writing,
617 or -1 if it cannot create a uniquely-named file.
619 This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
620 marked with __THROW. */
621 # ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
622 extern int mkstemp (char *__template) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
625 extern int __REDIRECT (mkstemp, (char *__template), mkstemp64)
626 __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
628 # define mkstemp mkstemp64
631 # ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
632 extern int mkstemp64 (char *__template) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
637 /* Similar to mkstemp, but the template can have a suffix after the
638 XXXXXX. The length of the suffix is specified in the second
641 This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
642 marked with __THROW. */
643 # ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
644 extern int mkstemps (char *__template, int __suffixlen) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
647 extern int __REDIRECT (mkstemps, (char *__template, int __suffixlen),
648 mkstemps64) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
650 # define mkstemps mkstemps64
653 # ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
654 extern int mkstemps64 (char *__template, int __suffixlen)
655 __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
659 #if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN2K8
660 /* Create a unique temporary directory from TEMPLATE.
661 The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
662 they are replaced with a string that makes the directory name unique.
663 Returns TEMPLATE, or a null pointer if it cannot get a unique name.
664 The directory is created mode 700. */
665 extern char *mkdtemp (char *__template) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
669 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE similar to
670 mkstemp. But allow the caller to pass additional flags which are
671 used in the open call to create the file..
673 This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
674 marked with __THROW. */
675 # ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
676 extern int mkostemp (char *__template, int __flags) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
679 extern int __REDIRECT (mkostemp, (char *__template, int __flags), mkostemp64)
680 __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
682 # define mkostemp mkostemp64
685 # ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
686 extern int mkostemp64 (char *__template, int __flags) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
689 /* Similar to mkostemp, but the template can have a suffix after the
690 XXXXXX. The length of the suffix is specified in the second
693 This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
694 marked with __THROW. */
695 # ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
696 extern int mkostemps (char *__template, int __suffixlen, int __flags)
697 __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
700 extern int __REDIRECT (mkostemps, (char *__template, int __suffixlen,
701 int __flags), mkostemps64)
702 __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
704 # define mkostemps mkostemps64
707 # ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
708 extern int mkostemps64 (char *__template, int __suffixlen, int __flags)
709 __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
714 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
715 /* Execute the given line as a shell command.
717 This function is a cancellation point and therefore not marked with
719 extern int system (const char *__command) __wur;
724 /* Return a malloc'd string containing the canonical absolute name of the
725 existing named file. */
726 extern char *canonicalize_file_name (const char *__name)
727 __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
730 #if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
731 /* Return the canonical absolute name of file NAME. If RESOLVED is
732 null, the result is malloc'd; otherwise, if the canonical name is
733 PATH_MAX chars or more, returns null with `errno' set to
734 ENAMETOOLONG; if the name fits in fewer than PATH_MAX chars,
735 returns the name in RESOLVED. */
736 extern char *realpath (const char *__restrict __name,
737 char *__restrict __resolved) __THROW __wur;
741 /* Shorthand for type of comparison functions. */
742 #ifndef __COMPAR_FN_T
743 # define __COMPAR_FN_T
744 typedef int (*__compar_fn_t) (const void *, const void *);
747 typedef __compar_fn_t comparison_fn_t;
751 typedef int (*__compar_d_fn_t) (const void *, const void *, void *);
754 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
755 /* Do a binary search for KEY in BASE, which consists of NMEMB elements
756 of SIZE bytes each, using COMPAR to perform the comparisons. */
757 extern void *bsearch (const void *__key, const void *__base,
758 size_t __nmemb, size_t __size, __compar_fn_t __compar)
759 __nonnull ((1, 2, 5)) __wur;
761 /* Sort NMEMB elements of BASE, of SIZE bytes each,
762 using COMPAR to perform the comparisons. */
763 extern void qsort (void *__base, size_t __nmemb, size_t __size,
764 __compar_fn_t __compar) __nonnull ((1, 4));
766 extern void qsort_r (void *__base, size_t __nmemb, size_t __size,
767 __compar_d_fn_t __compar, void *__arg)
772 /* Return the absolute value of X. */
773 extern int abs (int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
774 extern long int labs (long int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
778 __extension__ extern long long int llabs (long long int __x)
779 __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
783 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
784 /* Return the `div_t', `ldiv_t' or `lldiv_t' representation
785 of the value of NUMER over DENOM. */
786 /* GCC may have built-ins for these someday. */
787 extern div_t div (int __numer, int __denom)
788 __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
789 extern ldiv_t ldiv (long int __numer, long int __denom)
790 __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
794 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
795 __extension__ extern lldiv_t lldiv (long long int __numer,
796 long long int __denom)
797 __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
802 #if (defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED && !defined __USE_XOPEN2K) \
803 || defined __USE_SVID
804 /* Convert floating point numbers to strings. The returned values are
805 valid only until another call to the same function. */
807 /* Convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT digits and return a pointer to
808 this. Set *DECPT with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN
809 with the sign of the number. */
810 extern char *ecvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
811 int *__restrict __sign) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
813 /* Convert VALUE to a string rounded to NDIGIT decimal digits. Set *DECPT
814 with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN with the sign of
816 extern char *fcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
817 int *__restrict __sign) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
819 /* If possible convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT significant digits.
820 Otherwise use exponential representation. The resulting string will
821 be written to BUF. */
822 extern char *gcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf)
823 __THROW __nonnull ((3)) __wur;
827 /* Long double versions of above functions. */
828 extern char *qecvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
829 int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign)
830 __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
831 extern char *qfcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
832 int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign)
833 __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
834 extern char *qgcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf)
835 __THROW __nonnull ((3)) __wur;
838 /* Reentrant version of the functions above which provide their own
840 extern int ecvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
841 int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
842 size_t __len) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
843 extern int fcvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
844 int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
845 size_t __len) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
847 extern int qecvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
848 int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
849 char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len)
850 __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
851 extern int qfcvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
852 int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
853 char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len)
854 __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
856 #endif /* use MISC || use X/Open Unix */
859 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
860 /* Return the length of the multibyte character
861 in S, which is no longer than N. */
862 extern int mblen (const char *__s, size_t __n) __THROW __wur;
863 /* Return the length of the given multibyte character,
864 putting its `wchar_t' representation in *PWC. */
865 extern int mbtowc (wchar_t *__restrict __pwc,
866 const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW __wur;
867 /* Put the multibyte character represented
868 by WCHAR in S, returning its length. */
869 extern int wctomb (char *__s, wchar_t __wchar) __THROW __wur;
872 /* Convert a multibyte string to a wide char string. */
873 extern size_t mbstowcs (wchar_t *__restrict __pwcs,
874 const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW;
875 /* Convert a wide char string to multibyte string. */
876 extern size_t wcstombs (char *__restrict __s,
877 const wchar_t *__restrict __pwcs, size_t __n)
883 /* Determine whether the string value of RESPONSE matches the affirmation
884 or negative response expression as specified by the LC_MESSAGES category
885 in the program's current locale. Returns 1 if affirmative, 0 if
886 negative, and -1 if not matching. */
887 extern int rpmatch (const char *__response) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
891 #if defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED || defined __USE_XOPEN2K8
892 /* Parse comma separated suboption from *OPTIONP and match against
893 strings in TOKENS. If found return index and set *VALUEP to
894 optional value introduced by an equal sign. If the suboption is
895 not part of TOKENS return in *VALUEP beginning of unknown
896 suboption. On exit *OPTIONP is set to the beginning of the next
897 token or at the terminating NUL character. */
898 extern int getsubopt (char **__restrict __optionp,
899 char *const *__restrict __tokens,
900 char **__restrict __valuep)
901 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2, 3)) __wur;
906 /* Setup DES tables according KEY. */
907 extern void setkey (const char *__key) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
911 /* X/Open pseudo terminal handling. */
913 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN2KXSI
914 /* Return a master pseudo-terminal handle. */
915 extern int posix_openpt (int __oflag) __wur;
919 /* The next four functions all take a master pseudo-tty fd and
920 perform an operation on the associated slave: */
922 /* Chown the slave to the calling user. */
923 extern int grantpt (int __fd) __THROW;
925 /* Release an internal lock so the slave can be opened.
926 Call after grantpt(). */
927 extern int unlockpt (int __fd) __THROW;
929 /* Return the pathname of the pseudo terminal slave assoicated with
930 the master FD is open on, or NULL on errors.
931 The returned storage is good until the next call to this function. */
932 extern char *ptsname (int __fd) __THROW __wur;
936 /* Store at most BUFLEN characters of the pathname of the slave pseudo
937 terminal associated with the master FD is open on in BUF.
938 Return 0 on success, otherwise an error number. */
939 extern int ptsname_r (int __fd, char *__buf, size_t __buflen)
940 __THROW __nonnull ((2));
942 /* Open a master pseudo terminal and return its file descriptor. */
943 extern int getpt (void);
947 /* Put the 1 minute, 5 minute and 15 minute load averages into the first
948 NELEM elements of LOADAVG. Return the number written (never more than
949 three, but may be less than NELEM), or -1 if an error occurred. */
950 extern int getloadavg (double __loadavg[], int __nelem)
951 __THROW __nonnull ((1));
955 /* Define some macros helping to catch buffer overflows. */
956 #if __USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL > 0 && defined __extern_always_inline
957 # include <bits/stdlib.h>
960 # include <bits/stdlib-ldbl.h>
963 #endif /* don't just need malloc and calloc */
964 #undef __need_malloc_and_calloc
968 #endif /* stdlib.h */