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45 \inmodule QtWebSockets
46 \brief Implements a TCP socket that talks the websocket protocol.
48 WebSockets is a web technology providing full-duplex communications channels over
49 a single TCP connection.
50 The WebSocket protocol was standardized by the IETF as
51 \l {http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455} {RFC 6455} in 2011.
52 QWebSocket can both be used in a client application and server application.
54 This class was modeled after QAbstractSocket.
56 QWebSocket currently does not support
57 \l {http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455#page-39} {extensions} and
58 \l {http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455#page-12} {subprotocols}.
60 QWebSocket only supports version 13 of the WebSocket protocol, as outlined in RFC 6455.
62 \sa QAbstractSocket, QTcpSocket
64 \sa {QWebSocket client example}
68 \page echoclient.html example
69 \title QWebSocket client example
70 \brief A sample websocket client that sends a message and displays the message that
74 The EchoClient example implements a web socket client that sends a message to a websocket server
75 and dumps the answer that it gets back.
76 This example should ideally be used with the EchoServer example.
78 We start by connecting to the `connected()` signal.
79 \snippet echoclient/echoclient.cpp constructor
80 After the connection, we open the socket to the given \a url.
82 \snippet echoclient/echoclient.cpp onConnected
83 When the client is connected successfully, we connect to the `onTextMessageReceived()` signal,
84 and send out "Hello, world!".
85 If connected with the EchoServer, we will receive the same message back.
87 \snippet echoclient/echoclient.cpp onTextMessageReceived
88 Whenever a message is received, we write it out.
92 \fn void QWebSocket::connected()
93 \brief Emitted when a connection is successfully established.
94 A connection is successfully established when the socket is connected
95 and the handshake was successful.
96 \sa open(), disconnected()
99 \fn void QWebSocket::disconnected()
100 \brief Emitted when the socket is disconnected.
101 \sa close(), connected()
104 \fn void QWebSocket::aboutToClose()
106 This signal is emitted when the socket is about to close.
107 Connect this signal if you have operations that need to be performed before the socket closes
108 (e.g., if you have data in a separate buffer that needs to be written to the device).
113 \fn void QWebSocket::proxyAuthenticationRequired(const QNetworkProxy &proxy, QAuthenticator *authenticator)
115 This signal can be emitted when a \a proxy that requires
116 authentication is used. The \a authenticator object can then be
117 filled in with the required details to allow authentication and
118 continue the connection.
120 \note It is not possible to use a QueuedConnection to connect to
121 this signal, as the connection will fail if the authenticator has
122 not been filled in with new information when the signal returns.
124 \sa QAuthenticator, QNetworkProxy
127 \fn void QWebSocket::stateChanged(QAbstractSocket::SocketState state);
129 This signal is emitted whenever QWebSocket's state changes.
130 The \a state parameter is the new state.
132 \note QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState is emitted after the handshake has
133 with the server has succeeded.
135 QAbstractSocket::SocketState is not a registered metatype, so for queued
136 connections, you will have to register it with Q_REGISTER_METATYPE() and
142 \fn void QWebSocket::readChannelFinished()
144 This signal is emitted when the input (reading) stream is closed in this device.
145 It is emitted as soon as the closing is detected.
150 \fn void QWebSocket::bytesWritten(qint64 bytes)
152 This signal is emitted every time a payload of data has been written to the socket.
153 The \a bytes argument is set to the number of bytes that were written in this payload.
155 \note This signal has the same meaning both for secure and non-secure websockets.
156 As opposed to QSslSocket, bytesWritten() is only emitted when encrypted data is effectively
157 written (see QSslSocket:encryptedBytesWritten()).
162 \fn void QWebSocket::textFrameReceived(const QString &frame, bool isLastFrame);
164 This signal is emitted whenever a text frame is received. The \a frame contains the data and
165 \a isLastFrame indicates whether this is the last frame of the complete message.
167 This signal can be used to process large messages frame by frame, instead of waiting for the
168 complete message to arrive.
170 \sa binaryFrameReceived()
173 \fn void QWebSocket::binaryFrameReceived(const QByteArray &frame, bool isLastFrame);
175 This signal is emitted whenever a binary frame is received. The \a frame contains the data and
176 \a isLastFrame indicates whether this is the last frame of the complete message.
178 This signal can be used to process large messages frame by frame, instead of waiting for the
179 complete message to arrive.
181 \sa textFrameReceived()
184 \fn void QWebSocket::textMessageReceived(const QString &message);
186 This signal is emitted whenever a text message is received. The \a message contains the
189 \sa binaryMessageReceived()
192 \fn void QWebSocket::binaryMessageReceived(const QByteArray &message);
194 This signal is emitted whenever a binary message is received. The \a message contains the
197 \sa textMessageReceived()
200 \fn void QWebSocket::error(QAbstractSocket::SocketError error);
202 This signal is emitted after an error occurred. The \a error
203 parameter describes the type of error that occurred.
205 QAbstractSocket::SocketError is not a registered metatype, so for queued
206 connections, you will have to register it with Q_DECLARE_METATYPE() and
209 \sa error(), errorString()
212 \fn void QWebSocket::sslErrors(const QList<QSslError> &errors)
213 QWebSocket emits this signal after the SSL handshake to indicate that one or more errors have
214 occurred while establishing the identity of the peer.
215 The errors are usually an indication that QWebSocket is unable to securely identify the peer.
216 Unless any action is taken, the connection will be dropped after this signal has been emitted.
217 If you want to continue connecting despite the errors that have occurred, you must call
218 QWebSocket::ignoreSslErrors() from inside a slot connected to this signal.
219 If you need to access the error list at a later point, you can call sslErrors()
222 \a errors contains one or more errors that prevent QWebSocket from verifying the identity of
225 \note You cannot use Qt::QueuedConnection when connecting to this signal, or calling
226 QWebSocket::ignoreSslErrors() will have no effect.
229 \fn void QWebSocket::pong(quint64 elapsedTime, const QByteArray &payload)
231 Emitted when a pong message is received in reply to a previous ping.
232 \a elapsedTime contains the roundtrip time in milliseconds and \a payload contains an optional
233 payload that was sent with the ping.
237 #include "qwebsocket.h"
238 #include "qwebsocket_p.h"
240 #include <QtCore/QUrl>
241 #include <QtNetwork/QTcpSocket>
242 #include <QtCore/QByteArray>
243 #include <QtNetwork/QHostAddress>
245 #include <QtCore/QDebug>
252 * \brief Creates a new QWebSocket with the given \a origin,
253 * the \a version of the protocol to use and \a parent.
255 * The \a origin of the client is as specified \l {http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6454}{RFC 6454}.
256 * (The \a origin is not required for non-web browser clients
257 * (see \l {http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455}{RFC 6455})).
258 * \note Currently only V13 (\l {http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455} {RFC 6455}) is supported
260 QWebSocket::QWebSocket(const QString &origin,
261 QWebSocketProtocol::Version version,
263 QObject(*(new QWebSocketPrivate(origin, version, this)), parent)
270 * \brief Destroys the QWebSocket. Closes the socket if it is still open,
271 * and releases any used resources.
273 QWebSocket::~QWebSocket()
278 * \brief Aborts the current socket and resets the socket.
279 * Unlike close(), this function immediately closes the socket,
280 * discarding any pending data in the write buffer.
282 void QWebSocket::abort()
289 * Returns the type of error that last occurred
292 QAbstractSocket::SocketError QWebSocket::error() const
294 Q_D(const QWebSocket);
298 //only called by QWebSocketPrivate::upgradeFrom
302 QWebSocket::QWebSocket(QTcpSocket *pTcpSocket,
303 QWebSocketProtocol::Version version, QObject *parent) :
304 QObject(*(new QWebSocketPrivate(pTcpSocket, version, this)), parent)
311 * Returns a human-readable description of the last error that occurred
315 QString QWebSocket::errorString() const
317 Q_D(const QWebSocket);
318 return d->errorString();
322 This function writes as much as possible from the internal write buffer
323 to the underlying network socket, without blocking.
324 If any data was written, this function returns true; otherwise false is returned.
325 Call this function if you need QWebSocket to start sending buffered data immediately.
326 The number of bytes successfully written depends on the operating system.
327 In most cases, you do not need to call this function,
328 because QWebSocket will start sending data automatically
329 once control goes back to the event loop.
331 bool QWebSocket::flush()
338 \brief Sends the given \a message over the socket as a text message and
339 returns the number of bytes actually sent.
341 \sa sendBinaryMessage()
343 qint64 QWebSocket::sendTextMessage(const QString &message)
346 return d->sendTextMessage(message);
350 \brief Sends the given \a data over the socket as a binary message and
351 returns the number of bytes actually sent.
353 \sa sendTextMessage()
355 qint64 QWebSocket::sendBinaryMessage(const QByteArray &data)
358 return d->sendBinaryMessage(data);
362 \brief Gracefully closes the socket with the given \a closeCode and \a reason.
364 Any data in the write buffer is flushed before the socket is closed.
365 The \a closeCode is a QWebSocketProtocol::CloseCode indicating the reason to close, and
366 \a reason describes the reason of the closure more in detail
368 void QWebSocket::close(QWebSocketProtocol::CloseCode closeCode, const QString &reason)
371 d->close(closeCode, reason);
375 \brief Opens a websocket connection using the given \a url.
376 If \a mask is true, all frames will be masked; this is only necessary for client side sockets;
377 servers should never mask.
378 \note A client socket must *always* mask its frames; servers may *never* mask its frames.
380 void QWebSocket::open(const QUrl &url, bool mask)
387 \brief Pings the server to indicate that the connection is still alive.
388 Additional \a payload can be sent along the ping message.
390 The size of the \a payload cannot be bigger than 125.
391 If it is larger, the \a payload is clipped to 125 bytes.
395 void QWebSocket::ping(const QByteArray &payload)
403 This slot tells QWebSocket to ignore errors during QWebSocket's
404 handshake phase and continue connecting. If you want to continue
405 with the connection even if errors occur during the handshake
406 phase, then you must call this slot, either from a slot connected
407 to sslErrors(), or before the handshake phase. If you don't call
408 this slot, either in response to errors or before the handshake,
409 the connection will be dropped after the sslErrors() signal has
412 \warning Be sure to always let the user inspect the errors
413 reported by the sslErrors() signal, and only call this method
414 upon confirmation from the user that proceeding is ok.
415 If there are unexpected errors, the connection should be aborted.
416 Calling this method without inspecting the actual errors will
417 most likely pose a security risk for your application. Use it
420 \sa sslErrors(), QSslSocket::ignoreSslErrors(), QNetworkReply::ignoreSslErrors()
422 void QWebSocket::ignoreSslErrors()
425 d->ignoreSslErrors();
431 This method tells QWebSocket to ignore the errors given in \a errors.
433 Note that you can set the expected certificate in the SSL error:
434 If, for instance, you want to connect to a server that uses
435 a self-signed certificate, consider the following snippet:
437 \snippet src_websockets_ssl_qwebsocket.cpp 6
439 Multiple calls to this function will replace the list of errors that
440 were passed in previous calls.
441 You can clear the list of errors you want to ignore by calling this
442 function with an empty list.
446 void QWebSocket::ignoreSslErrors(const QList<QSslError> &errors)
449 d->ignoreSslErrors(errors);
453 Sets the socket's SSL configuration to be the contents of \a sslConfiguration.
455 This function sets the local certificate, the ciphers, the private key and
456 the CA certificates to those stored in \a sslConfiguration.
457 It is not possible to set the SSL-state related fields.
458 \sa sslConfiguration()
460 void QWebSocket::setSslConfiguration(const QSslConfiguration &sslConfiguration)
463 d->setSslConfiguration(sslConfiguration);
467 Returns the socket's SSL configuration state.
468 The default SSL configuration of a socket is to use the default ciphers,
469 default CA certificates, no local private key or certificate.
470 The SSL configuration also contains fields that can change with time without notice.
472 \sa setSslConfiguration()
474 QSslConfiguration QWebSocket::sslConfiguration() const
476 Q_D(const QWebSocket);
477 return d->sslConfiguration();
480 #endif //not QT_NO_SSL
483 \brief Returns the version the socket is currently using
485 QWebSocketProtocol::Version QWebSocket::version() const
487 Q_D(const QWebSocket);
492 \brief Returns the name of the resource currently accessed.
494 QString QWebSocket::resourceName() const
496 Q_D(const QWebSocket);
497 return d->resourceName();
501 \brief Returns the url the socket is connected to or will connect to.
503 QUrl QWebSocket::requestUrl() const
505 Q_D(const QWebSocket);
506 return d->requestUrl();
510 \brief Returns the current origin
512 QString QWebSocket::origin() const
514 Q_D(const QWebSocket);
519 \brief Returns the code indicating why the socket was closed.
520 \sa QWebSocketProtocol::CloseCode, closeReason()
522 QWebSocketProtocol::CloseCode QWebSocket::closeCode() const
524 Q_D(const QWebSocket);
525 return d->closeCode();
529 \brief Returns the reason why the socket was closed.
532 QString QWebSocket::closeReason() const
534 Q_D(const QWebSocket);
535 return d->closeReason();
539 \brief Returns the current state of the socket
541 QAbstractSocket::SocketState QWebSocket::state() const
543 Q_D(const QWebSocket);
548 Returns the local address
550 QHostAddress QWebSocket::localAddress() const
552 Q_D(const QWebSocket);
553 return d->localAddress();
557 Returns the local port
559 quint16 QWebSocket::localPort() const
561 Q_D(const QWebSocket);
562 return d->localPort();
566 Returns the pause mode of this socket
568 QAbstractSocket::PauseModes QWebSocket::pauseMode() const
570 Q_D(const QWebSocket);
571 return d->pauseMode();
575 Returns the peer address
577 QHostAddress QWebSocket::peerAddress() const
579 Q_D(const QWebSocket);
580 return d->peerAddress();
586 QString QWebSocket::peerName() const
588 Q_D(const QWebSocket);
589 return d->peerName();
595 quint16 QWebSocket::peerPort() const
597 Q_D(const QWebSocket);
598 return d->peerPort();
601 #ifndef QT_NO_NETWORKPROXY
603 Returns the currently configured proxy
605 QNetworkProxy QWebSocket::proxy() const
607 Q_D(const QWebSocket);
612 Sets the proxy to \a networkProxy
614 void QWebSocket::setProxy(const QNetworkProxy &networkProxy)
617 d->setProxy(networkProxy);
622 Returns the size in bytes of the readbuffer that is used by the socket.
624 qint64 QWebSocket::readBufferSize() const
626 Q_D(const QWebSocket);
627 return d->readBufferSize();
631 Continues data transfer on the socket. This method should only be used after the socket
632 has been set to pause upon notifications and a notification has been received.
633 The only notification currently supported is sslErrors().
634 Calling this method if the socket is not paused results in undefined behavior.
636 \sa pauseMode(), setPauseMode()
638 void QWebSocket::resume()
645 Controls whether to pause upon receiving a notification. The \a pauseMode parameter specifies
646 the conditions in which the socket should be paused.
648 The only notification currently supported is sslErrors().
649 If set to PauseOnSslErrors, data transfer on the socket will be paused
650 and needs to be enabled explicitly again by calling resume().
651 By default, this option is set to PauseNever. This option must be called
652 before connecting to the server, otherwise it will result in undefined behavior.
654 \sa pauseMode(), resume()
656 void QWebSocket::setPauseMode(QAbstractSocket::PauseModes pauseMode)
659 d->setPauseMode(pauseMode);
663 Sets the size of QWebSocket's internal read buffer to be \a size bytes.
665 If the buffer size is limited to a certain size, QWebSocket won't buffer more than
667 Exceptionally, a buffer size of 0 means that the read buffer is unlimited and
668 all incoming data is buffered. This is the default.
669 This option is useful if you only read the data at certain points in time
670 (e.g., in a real-time streaming application) or if you want to protect your socket against
671 receiving too much data, which may eventually cause your application to run out of memory.
675 void QWebSocket::setReadBufferSize(qint64 size)
678 d->setReadBufferSize(size);
682 Returns \c true if the socket is ready for reading and writing; otherwise
685 bool QWebSocket::isValid() const
687 Q_D(const QWebSocket);