1 /* su for GNU. Run a shell with substitute user and group IDs.
2 Copyright (C) 1992-2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
9 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
12 GNU General Public License for more details.
14 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
16 Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. */
18 /* Run a shell with the real and effective UID and GID and groups
19 of USER, default `root'.
21 The shell run is taken from USER's password entry, /bin/sh if
22 none is specified there. If the account has a password, su
23 prompts for a password unless run by a user with real UID 0.
25 Does not change the current directory.
26 Sets `HOME' and `SHELL' from the password entry for USER, and if
27 USER is not root, sets `USER' and `LOGNAME' to USER.
28 The subshell is not a login shell.
30 If one or more ARGs are given, they are passed as additional
31 arguments to the subshell.
33 Does not handle /bin/sh or other shells specially
34 (setting argv[0] to "-su", passing -c only to certain shells, etc.).
35 I don't see the point in doing that, and it's ugly.
37 This program intentionally does not support a "wheel group" that
38 restricts who can su to UID 0 accounts. RMS considers that to
42 -, -l, --login Make the subshell a login shell.
43 Unset all environment variables except
44 TERM, HOME and SHELL (set as above), and USER
45 and LOGNAME (set unconditionally as above), and
46 set PATH to a default value.
47 Change to USER's home directory.
48 Prepend "-" to the shell's name.
49 -c, --commmand=COMMAND
50 Pass COMMAND to the subshell with a -c option
51 instead of starting an interactive shell.
52 -f, --fast Pass the -f option to the subshell.
53 -m, -p, --preserve-environment
54 Do not change HOME, USER, LOGNAME, SHELL.
55 Run $SHELL instead of USER's shell from /etc/passwd
56 unless not the superuser and USER's shell is
58 Overridden by --login and --shell.
59 -s, --shell=shell Run SHELL instead of USER's shell from /etc/passwd
60 unless not the superuser and USER's shell is
64 -DSYSLOG_SUCCESS Log successful su's (by default, to root) with syslog.
65 -DSYSLOG_FAILURE Log failed su's (by default, to root) with syslog.
67 -DSYSLOG_NON_ROOT Log all su's, not just those to root (UID 0).
68 Never logs attempted su's to nonexistent accounts.
70 Written by David MacKenzie <djm@gnu.ai.mit.edu>. */
75 #include <sys/types.h>
79 /* Hide any system prototype for getusershell.
80 This is necessary because some Cray systems have a conflicting
81 prototype (returning `int') in <unistd.h>. */
82 #define getusershell _getusershell_sys_proto_
89 #if HAVE_SYSLOG_H && HAVE_SYSLOG
92 # undef SYSLOG_SUCCESS
93 # undef SYSLOG_FAILURE
94 # undef SYSLOG_NON_ROOT
98 # include <sys/param.h>
101 #ifndef HAVE_ENDGRENT
102 # define endgrent() ((void) 0)
105 #ifndef HAVE_ENDPWENT
106 # define endpwent() ((void) 0)
115 /* The official name of this program (e.g., no `g' prefix). */
116 #define PROGRAM_NAME "su"
118 #define AUTHORS "David MacKenzie"
124 /* The default PATH for simulated logins to non-superuser accounts. */
126 # define DEFAULT_LOGIN_PATH _PATH_DEFPATH
128 # define DEFAULT_LOGIN_PATH ":/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin"
131 /* The default PATH for simulated logins to superuser accounts. */
132 #ifdef _PATH_DEFPATH_ROOT
133 # define DEFAULT_ROOT_LOGIN_PATH _PATH_DEFPATH_ROOT
135 # define DEFAULT_ROOT_LOGIN_PATH "/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin:/etc"
138 /* The shell to run if none is given in the user's passwd entry. */
139 #define DEFAULT_SHELL "/bin/sh"
141 /* The user to become if none is specified. */
142 #define DEFAULT_USER "root"
146 char *getusershell ();
147 void endusershell ();
148 void setusershell ();
150 extern char **environ;
152 static void run_shell (char const *, char const *, char **, size_t)
155 /* The name this program was run with. */
158 /* If true, pass the `-f' option to the subshell. */
159 static bool fast_startup;
161 /* If true, simulate a login instead of just starting a shell. */
162 static bool simulate_login;
164 /* If true, change some environment vars to indicate the user su'd to. */
165 static bool change_environment;
167 static struct option const longopts[] =
169 {"command", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
170 {"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
171 {"login", no_argument, NULL, 'l'},
172 {"preserve-environment", no_argument, NULL, 'p'},
173 {"shell", required_argument, NULL, 's'},
174 {GETOPT_HELP_OPTION_DECL},
175 {GETOPT_VERSION_OPTION_DECL},
179 /* Add NAME=VAL to the environment, checking for out of memory errors. */
182 xsetenv (char const *name, char const *val)
184 size_t namelen = strlen (name);
185 size_t vallen = strlen (val);
186 char *string = xmalloc (namelen + 1 + vallen + 1);
187 strcpy (string, name);
188 string[namelen] = '=';
189 strcpy (string + namelen + 1, val);
190 if (putenv (string) != 0)
194 #if defined SYSLOG_SUCCESS || defined SYSLOG_FAILURE
195 /* Log the fact that someone has run su to the user given by PW;
196 if SUCCESSFUL is true, they gave the correct password, etc. */
199 log_su (struct passwd const *pw, bool successful)
201 const char *new_user, *old_user, *tty;
203 # ifndef SYSLOG_NON_ROOT
207 new_user = pw->pw_name;
208 /* The utmp entry (via getlogin) is probably the best way to identify
209 the user, especially if someone su's from a su-shell. */
210 old_user = getlogin ();
213 /* getlogin can fail -- usually due to lack of utmp entry.
214 Resort to getpwuid. */
215 struct passwd *pwd = getpwuid (getuid ());
216 old_user = (pwd ? pwd->pw_name : "");
218 tty = ttyname (STDERR_FILENO);
221 /* 4.2BSD openlog doesn't have the third parameter. */
222 openlog (last_component (program_name), 0
228 # ifdef SYSLOG_NON_ROOT
229 "%s(to %s) %s on %s",
233 successful ? "" : "FAILED SU ",
234 # ifdef SYSLOG_NON_ROOT
242 /* Ask the user for a password.
243 Return true if the user gives the correct password for entry PW,
244 false if not. Return true without asking for a password if run by UID 0
245 or if PW has an empty password. */
248 correct_password (const struct passwd *pw)
250 char *unencrypted, *encrypted, *correct;
251 #if HAVE_GETSPNAM && HAVE_STRUCT_SPWD_SP_PWDP
252 /* Shadow passwd stuff for SVR3 and maybe other systems. */
253 struct spwd *sp = getspnam (pw->pw_name);
257 correct = sp->sp_pwdp;
260 correct = pw->pw_passwd;
262 if (getuid () == 0 || !correct || correct[0] == '\0')
265 unencrypted = getpass (_("Password:"));
268 error (0, 0, _("getpass: cannot open /dev/tty"));
271 encrypted = crypt (unencrypted, correct);
272 memset (unencrypted, 0, strlen (unencrypted));
273 return STREQ (encrypted, correct);
276 /* Update `environ' for the new shell based on PW, with SHELL being
277 the value for the SHELL environment variable. */
280 modify_environment (const struct passwd *pw, const char *shell)
284 /* Leave TERM unchanged. Set HOME, SHELL, USER, LOGNAME, PATH.
285 Unset all other environment variables. */
286 char const *term = getenv ("TERM");
288 term = xstrdup (term);
289 environ = xmalloc ((6 + !!term) * sizeof (char *));
292 xsetenv ("TERM", term);
293 xsetenv ("HOME", pw->pw_dir);
294 xsetenv ("SHELL", shell);
295 xsetenv ("USER", pw->pw_name);
296 xsetenv ("LOGNAME", pw->pw_name);
297 xsetenv ("PATH", (pw->pw_uid
299 : DEFAULT_ROOT_LOGIN_PATH));
303 /* Set HOME, SHELL, and if not becoming a super-user,
305 if (change_environment)
307 xsetenv ("HOME", pw->pw_dir);
308 xsetenv ("SHELL", shell);
311 xsetenv ("USER", pw->pw_name);
312 xsetenv ("LOGNAME", pw->pw_name);
318 /* Become the user and group(s) specified by PW. */
321 change_identity (const struct passwd *pw)
323 #ifdef HAVE_INITGROUPS
325 if (initgroups (pw->pw_name, pw->pw_gid) == -1)
326 error (EXIT_FAIL, errno, _("cannot set groups"));
329 if (setgid (pw->pw_gid))
330 error (EXIT_FAIL, errno, _("cannot set group id"));
331 if (setuid (pw->pw_uid))
332 error (EXIT_FAIL, errno, _("cannot set user id"));
335 /* Run SHELL, or DEFAULT_SHELL if SHELL is empty.
336 If COMMAND is nonzero, pass it to the shell with the -c option.
337 Pass ADDITIONAL_ARGS to the shell as more arguments; there
338 are N_ADDITIONAL_ARGS extra arguments. */
341 run_shell (char const *shell, char const *command, char **additional_args,
342 size_t n_additional_args)
344 size_t n_args = 1 + fast_startup + 2 * !!command + n_additional_args + 1;
345 char const **args = xnmalloc (n_args, sizeof *args);
351 char *shell_basename;
353 shell_basename = last_component (shell);
354 arg0 = xmalloc (strlen (shell_basename) + 2);
356 strcpy (arg0 + 1, shell_basename);
360 args[0] = last_component (shell);
362 args[argno++] = "-f";
365 args[argno++] = "-c";
366 args[argno++] = command;
368 memcpy (args + argno, additional_args, n_additional_args * sizeof *args);
369 args[argno + n_additional_args] = NULL;
370 execv (shell, (char **) args);
373 int exit_status = (errno == ENOENT ? EXIT_ENOENT : EXIT_CANNOT_INVOKE);
374 error (0, errno, "%s", shell);
379 /* Return true if SHELL is a restricted shell (one not returned by
380 getusershell), else false, meaning it is a standard shell. */
383 restricted_shell (const char *shell)
388 while ((line = getusershell ()) != NULL)
390 if (*line != '#' && STREQ (line, shell))
403 if (status != EXIT_SUCCESS)
404 fprintf (stderr, _("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n"),
408 printf (_("Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-] [USER [ARG]...]\n"), program_name);
410 Change the effective user id and group id to that of USER.\n\
412 -, -l, --login make the shell a login shell\n\
413 -c, --commmand=COMMAND pass a single COMMAND to the shell with -c\n\
414 -f, --fast pass -f to the shell (for csh or tcsh)\n\
415 -m, --preserve-environment do not reset environment variables\n\
417 -s, --shell=SHELL run SHELL if /etc/shells allows it\n\
419 fputs (HELP_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
420 fputs (VERSION_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
423 A mere - implies -l. If USER not given, assume root.\n\
425 printf (_("\nReport bugs to <%s>.\n"), PACKAGE_BUGREPORT);
431 main (int argc, char **argv)
434 const char *new_user = DEFAULT_USER;
435 char *command = NULL;
438 struct passwd pw_copy;
440 initialize_main (&argc, &argv);
441 program_name = argv[0];
442 setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
443 bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
444 textdomain (PACKAGE);
446 initialize_exit_failure (EXIT_FAIL);
447 atexit (close_stdout);
449 fast_startup = false;
450 simulate_login = false;
451 change_environment = true;
453 while ((optc = getopt_long (argc, argv, "c:flmps:", longopts, NULL)) != -1)
466 simulate_login = true;
471 change_environment = false;
478 case_GETOPT_HELP_CHAR;
480 case_GETOPT_VERSION_CHAR (PROGRAM_NAME, AUTHORS);
487 if (optind < argc && STREQ (argv[optind], "-"))
489 simulate_login = true;
493 new_user = argv[optind++];
495 pw = getpwnam (new_user);
496 if (! (pw && pw->pw_name && pw->pw_name[0] && pw->pw_dir && pw->pw_dir[0]
498 error (EXIT_FAIL, 0, _("user %s does not exist"), new_user);
500 /* Make a copy of the password information and point pw at the local
501 copy instead. Otherwise, some systems (e.g. Linux) would clobber
502 the static data through the getlogin call from log_su.
503 Also, make sure pw->pw_shell is a nonempty string.
504 It may be NULL when NEW_USER is a username that is retrieved via NIS (YP),
505 but that doesn't have a default shell listed. */
508 pw->pw_name = xstrdup (pw->pw_name);
509 pw->pw_passwd = xstrdup (pw->pw_passwd);
510 pw->pw_dir = xstrdup (pw->pw_dir);
511 pw->pw_shell = xstrdup (pw->pw_shell && pw->pw_shell[0]
516 if (!correct_password (pw))
518 #ifdef SYSLOG_FAILURE
521 error (EXIT_FAIL, 0, _("incorrect password"));
523 #ifdef SYSLOG_SUCCESS
530 if (!shell && !change_environment)
531 shell = getenv ("SHELL");
532 if (shell && getuid () != 0 && restricted_shell (pw->pw_shell))
534 /* The user being su'd to has a nonstandard shell, and so is
535 probably a uucp account or has restricted access. Don't
536 compromise the account by allowing access with a standard
538 error (0, 0, _("using restricted shell %s"), pw->pw_shell);
541 shell = xstrdup (shell ? shell : pw->pw_shell);
542 modify_environment (pw, shell);
544 change_identity (pw);
545 if (simulate_login && chdir (pw->pw_dir) != 0)
546 error (0, errno, _("warning: cannot change directory to %s"), pw->pw_dir);
548 run_shell (shell, command, argv + optind, MAX (0, argc - optind));