1 /* su for GNU. Run a shell with substitute user and group IDs.
2 Copyright (C) 1992-2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
9 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
12 GNU General Public License for more details.
14 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
16 Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */
18 /* Run a shell with the real and effective UID and GID and groups
19 of USER, default `root'.
21 The shell run is taken from USER's password entry, /bin/sh if
22 none is specified there. If the account has a password, su
23 prompts for a password unless run by a user with real UID 0.
25 Does not change the current directory.
26 Sets `HOME' and `SHELL' from the password entry for USER, and if
27 USER is not root, sets `USER' and `LOGNAME' to USER.
28 The subshell is not a login shell.
30 If one or more ARGs are given, they are passed as additional
31 arguments to the subshell.
33 Does not handle /bin/sh or other shells specially
34 (setting argv[0] to "-su", passing -c only to certain shells, etc.).
35 I don't see the point in doing that, and it's ugly.
37 This program intentionally does not support a "wheel group" that
38 restricts who can su to UID 0 accounts. RMS considers that to
42 -, -l, --login Make the subshell a login shell.
43 Unset all environment variables except
44 TERM, HOME and SHELL (set as above), and USER
45 and LOGNAME (set unconditionally as above), and
46 set PATH to a default value.
47 Change to USER's home directory.
48 Prepend "-" to the shell's name.
49 -c, --commmand=COMMAND
50 Pass COMMAND to the subshell with a -c option
51 instead of starting an interactive shell.
52 -f, --fast Pass the -f option to the subshell.
53 -m, -p, --preserve-environment
54 Do not change HOME, USER, LOGNAME, SHELL.
55 Run $SHELL instead of USER's shell from /etc/passwd
56 unless not the superuser and USER's shell is
58 Overridden by --login and --shell.
59 -s, --shell=shell Run SHELL instead of USER's shell from /etc/passwd
60 unless not the superuser and USER's shell is
64 -DSYSLOG_SUCCESS Log successful su's (by default, to root) with syslog.
65 -DSYSLOG_FAILURE Log failed su's (by default, to root) with syslog.
67 -DSYSLOG_NON_ROOT Log all su's, not just those to root (UID 0).
68 Never logs attempted su's to nonexistent accounts.
70 Written by David MacKenzie <djm@gnu.ai.mit.edu>. */
75 #include <sys/types.h>
79 /* Hide any system prototype for getusershell.
80 This is necessary because some Cray systems have a conflicting
81 prototype (returning `int') in <unistd.h>. */
82 #define getusershell _getusershell_sys_proto_
89 #if HAVE_SYSLOG_H && HAVE_SYSLOG
92 # undef SYSLOG_SUCCESS
93 # undef SYSLOG_FAILURE
94 # undef SYSLOG_NON_ROOT
98 # include <sys/param.h>
101 #ifndef HAVE_ENDGRENT
102 # define endgrent() ((void) 0)
105 #ifndef HAVE_ENDPWENT
106 # define endpwent() ((void) 0)
115 /* The official name of this program (e.g., no `g' prefix). */
116 #define PROGRAM_NAME "su"
118 #define AUTHORS "David MacKenzie"
124 /* The default PATH for simulated logins to non-superuser accounts. */
126 # define DEFAULT_LOGIN_PATH _PATH_DEFPATH
128 # define DEFAULT_LOGIN_PATH ":/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin"
131 /* The default PATH for simulated logins to superuser accounts. */
132 #ifdef _PATH_DEFPATH_ROOT
133 # define DEFAULT_ROOT_LOGIN_PATH _PATH_DEFPATH_ROOT
135 # define DEFAULT_ROOT_LOGIN_PATH "/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin:/etc"
138 /* The shell to run if none is given in the user's passwd entry. */
139 #define DEFAULT_SHELL "/bin/sh"
141 /* The user to become if none is specified. */
142 #define DEFAULT_USER "root"
146 char *getusershell ();
147 void endusershell ();
148 void setusershell ();
150 extern char **environ;
152 static void run_shell (const char *, const char *, char **)
155 /* The name this program was run with. */
158 /* If nonzero, pass the `-f' option to the subshell. */
159 static int fast_startup;
161 /* If nonzero, simulate a login instead of just starting a shell. */
162 static int simulate_login;
164 /* If nonzero, change some environment vars to indicate the user su'd to. */
165 static int change_environment;
167 static struct option const longopts[] =
169 {"command", required_argument, 0, 'c'},
170 {"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
171 {"login", no_argument, NULL, 'l'},
172 {"preserve-environment", no_argument, &change_environment, 0},
173 {"shell", required_argument, 0, 's'},
174 {GETOPT_HELP_OPTION_DECL},
175 {GETOPT_VERSION_OPTION_DECL},
179 /* Add VAL to the environment, checking for out of memory errors. */
188 /* Return a newly-allocated string whose contents concatenate
189 those of S1, S2, S3. */
192 concat (const char *s1, const char *s2, const char *s3)
194 int len1 = strlen (s1), len2 = strlen (s2), len3 = strlen (s3);
195 char *result = xmalloc (len1 + len2 + len3 + 1);
198 strcpy (result + len1, s2);
199 strcpy (result + len1 + len2, s3);
200 result[len1 + len2 + len3] = 0;
205 /* Return the number of elements in ARR, a null-terminated array. */
208 elements (char **arr)
212 for (n = 0; *arr; ++arr)
217 #if defined (SYSLOG_SUCCESS) || defined (SYSLOG_FAILURE)
218 /* Log the fact that someone has run su to the user given by PW;
219 if SUCCESSFUL is nonzero, they gave the correct password, etc. */
222 log_su (const struct passwd *pw, int successful)
224 const char *new_user, *old_user, *tty;
226 # ifndef SYSLOG_NON_ROOT
230 new_user = pw->pw_name;
231 /* The utmp entry (via getlogin) is probably the best way to identify
232 the user, especially if someone su's from a su-shell. */
233 old_user = getlogin ();
234 if (old_user == NULL)
236 /* getlogin can fail -- usually due to lack of utmp entry.
237 Resort to getpwuid. */
238 struct passwd *pwd = getpwuid (getuid ());
239 old_user = (pwd ? pwd->pw_name : "");
244 /* 4.2BSD openlog doesn't have the third parameter. */
245 openlog (base_name (program_name), 0
251 # ifdef SYSLOG_NON_ROOT
252 "%s(to %s) %s on %s",
256 successful ? "" : "FAILED SU ",
257 # ifdef SYSLOG_NON_ROOT
265 /* Ask the user for a password.
266 Return 1 if the user gives the correct password for entry PW,
267 0 if not. Return 1 without asking for a password if run by UID 0
268 or if PW has an empty password. */
271 correct_password (const struct passwd *pw)
273 char *unencrypted, *encrypted, *correct;
274 #if HAVE_GETSPNAM && HAVE_STRUCT_SPWD_SP_PWDP
275 /* Shadow passwd stuff for SVR3 and maybe other systems. */
276 struct spwd *sp = getspnam (pw->pw_name);
280 correct = sp->sp_pwdp;
283 correct = pw->pw_passwd;
285 if (getuid () == 0 || correct == 0 || correct[0] == '\0')
288 unencrypted = getpass (_("Password:"));
289 if (unencrypted == NULL)
291 error (0, 0, _("getpass: cannot open /dev/tty"));
294 encrypted = crypt (unencrypted, correct);
295 memset (unencrypted, 0, strlen (unencrypted));
296 return strcmp (encrypted, correct) == 0;
299 /* Update `environ' for the new shell based on PW, with SHELL being
300 the value for the SHELL environment variable. */
303 modify_environment (const struct passwd *pw, const char *shell)
309 /* Leave TERM unchanged. Set HOME, SHELL, USER, LOGNAME, PATH.
310 Unset all other environment variables. */
311 term = getenv ("TERM");
312 environ = xmalloc (2 * sizeof (char *));
315 xputenv (concat ("TERM", "=", term));
316 xputenv (concat ("HOME", "=", pw->pw_dir));
317 xputenv (concat ("SHELL", "=", shell));
318 xputenv (concat ("USER", "=", pw->pw_name));
319 xputenv (concat ("LOGNAME", "=", pw->pw_name));
320 xputenv (concat ("PATH", "=", (pw->pw_uid
322 : DEFAULT_ROOT_LOGIN_PATH)));
326 /* Set HOME, SHELL, and if not becoming a super-user,
328 if (change_environment)
330 xputenv (concat ("HOME", "=", pw->pw_dir));
331 xputenv (concat ("SHELL", "=", shell));
334 xputenv (concat ("USER", "=", pw->pw_name));
335 xputenv (concat ("LOGNAME", "=", pw->pw_name));
341 /* Become the user and group(s) specified by PW. */
344 change_identity (const struct passwd *pw)
346 #ifdef HAVE_INITGROUPS
348 if (initgroups (pw->pw_name, pw->pw_gid) == -1)
349 error (EXIT_FAILURE, errno, _("cannot set groups"));
352 if (setgid (pw->pw_gid))
353 error (EXIT_FAILURE, errno, _("cannot set group id"));
354 if (setuid (pw->pw_uid))
355 error (EXIT_FAILURE, errno, _("cannot set user id"));
358 /* Run SHELL, or DEFAULT_SHELL if SHELL is empty.
359 If COMMAND is nonzero, pass it to the shell with the -c option.
360 If ADDITIONAL_ARGS is nonzero, pass it to the shell as more
364 run_shell (const char *shell, const char *command, char **additional_args)
370 args = xmalloc (sizeof (char *)
371 * (10 + elements (additional_args)));
373 args = xmalloc (sizeof (char *) * 10);
377 char *shell_basename;
379 shell_basename = base_name (shell);
380 arg0 = xmalloc (strlen (shell_basename) + 2);
382 strcpy (arg0 + 1, shell_basename);
386 args[0] = base_name (shell);
388 args[argno++] = "-f";
391 args[argno++] = "-c";
392 args[argno++] = command;
395 for (; *additional_args; ++additional_args)
396 args[argno++] = *additional_args;
398 execv (shell, (char **) args);
401 int exit_status = (errno == ENOENT ? 127 : 126);
402 error (0, errno, "%s", shell);
407 /* Return 1 if SHELL is a restricted shell (one not returned by
408 getusershell), else 0, meaning it is a standard shell. */
411 restricted_shell (const char *shell)
416 while ((line = getusershell ()) != NULL)
418 if (*line != '#' && strcmp (line, shell) == 0)
432 fprintf (stderr, _("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n"),
436 printf (_("Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-] [USER [ARG]...]\n"), program_name);
438 Change the effective user id and group id to that of USER.\n\
440 -, -l, --login make the shell a login shell\n\
441 -c, --commmand=COMMAND pass a single COMMAND to the shell with -c\n\
442 -f, --fast pass -f to the shell (for csh or tcsh)\n\
443 -m, --preserve-environment do not reset environment variables\n\
445 -s, --shell=SHELL run SHELL if /etc/shells allows it\n\
447 fputs (HELP_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
448 fputs (VERSION_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
451 A mere - implies -l. If USER not given, assume root.\n\
453 printf (_("\nReport bugs to <%s>.\n"), PACKAGE_BUGREPORT);
459 main (int argc, char **argv)
462 const char *new_user = DEFAULT_USER;
464 char **additional_args = 0;
467 struct passwd pw_copy;
469 initialize_main (&argc, &argv);
470 program_name = argv[0];
471 setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
472 bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
473 textdomain (PACKAGE);
475 atexit (close_stdout);
479 change_environment = 1;
481 while ((optc = getopt_long (argc, argv, "c:flmps:", longopts, NULL)) != -1)
502 change_environment = 0;
509 case_GETOPT_HELP_CHAR;
511 case_GETOPT_VERSION_CHAR (PROGRAM_NAME, AUTHORS);
514 usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
518 if (optind < argc && !strcmp (argv[optind], "-"))
524 new_user = argv[optind++];
526 additional_args = argv + optind;
528 pw = getpwnam (new_user);
530 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0, _("user %s does not exist"), new_user);
533 /* Make sure pw->pw_shell is non-NULL. It may be NULL when NEW_USER
534 is a username that is retrieved via NIS (YP), but that doesn't have
535 a default shell listed. */
536 if (pw->pw_shell == NULL || pw->pw_shell[0] == '\0')
537 pw->pw_shell = (char *) DEFAULT_SHELL;
539 /* Make a copy of the password information and point pw at the local
540 copy instead. Otherwise, some systems (e.g. Linux) would clobber
541 the static data through the getlogin call from log_su. */
544 pw->pw_name = xstrdup (pw->pw_name);
545 pw->pw_dir = xstrdup (pw->pw_dir);
546 pw->pw_shell = xstrdup (pw->pw_shell);
548 if (!correct_password (pw))
550 #ifdef SYSLOG_FAILURE
553 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0, _("incorrect password"));
555 #ifdef SYSLOG_SUCCESS
562 if (shell == 0 && change_environment == 0)
563 shell = getenv ("SHELL");
564 if (shell != 0 && getuid () && restricted_shell (pw->pw_shell))
566 /* The user being su'd to has a nonstandard shell, and so is
567 probably a uucp account or has restricted access. Don't
568 compromise the account by allowing access with a standard
570 error (0, 0, _("using restricted shell %s"), pw->pw_shell);
575 shell = xstrdup (pw->pw_shell);
577 modify_environment (pw, shell);
579 change_identity (pw);
580 if (simulate_login && chdir (pw->pw_dir))
581 error (0, errno, _("warning: cannot change directory to %s"), pw->pw_dir);
583 run_shell (shell, command, additional_args);