1 // Copyright (c) 2008, Google Inc.
2 // All rights reserved.
4 // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
5 // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
8 // * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9 // notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10 // * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
11 // copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
12 // in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
14 // * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
15 // contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
16 // this software without specific prior written permission.
18 // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
19 // "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
20 // LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
21 // A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
22 // OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
23 // SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
24 // LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
25 // DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
26 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
27 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
28 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
30 // Author: Satoru Takabayashi
32 // Implementation of InstallFailureSignalHandler().
34 #include "utilities.h"
35 #include "stacktrace.h"
36 #include "symbolize.h"
37 #include "glog/logging.h"
41 #ifdef HAVE_UCONTEXT_H
42 # include <ucontext.h>
44 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_UCONTEXT_H
45 # include <sys/ucontext.h>
49 _START_GOOGLE_NAMESPACE_
53 // We'll install the failure signal handler for these signals. We could
54 // use strsignal() to get signal names, but we don't use it to avoid
55 // introducing yet another #ifdef complication.
57 // The list should be synced with the comment in signalhandler.h.
61 } kFailureSignals[] = {
62 { SIGSEGV, "SIGSEGV" },
65 { SIGABRT, "SIGABRT" },
66 #if !defined(OS_WINDOWS)
69 { SIGTERM, "SIGTERM" },
72 static bool kFailureSignalHandlerInstalled = false;
74 // Returns the program counter from signal context, NULL if unknown.
75 void* GetPC(void* ucontext_in_void) {
76 #if (defined(HAVE_UCONTEXT_H) || defined(HAVE_SYS_UCONTEXT_H)) && defined(PC_FROM_UCONTEXT)
77 if (ucontext_in_void != NULL) {
78 ucontext_t *context = reinterpret_cast<ucontext_t *>(ucontext_in_void);
79 return (void*)context->PC_FROM_UCONTEXT;
85 // The class is used for formatting error messages. We don't use printf()
86 // as it's not async signal safe.
87 class MinimalFormatter {
89 MinimalFormatter(char *buffer, int size)
95 // Returns the number of bytes written in the buffer.
96 int num_bytes_written() const { return cursor_ - buffer_; }
98 // Appends string from "str" and updates the internal cursor.
99 void AppendString(const char* str) {
101 while (str[i] != '\0' && cursor_ + i < end_) {
108 // Formats "number" in "radix" and updates the internal cursor.
109 // Lowercase letters are used for 'a' - 'z'.
110 void AppendUint64(uint64 number, int radix) {
112 while (cursor_ + i < end_) {
113 const int tmp = number % radix;
115 cursor_[i] = (tmp < 10 ? '0' + tmp : 'a' + tmp - 10);
121 // Reverse the bytes written.
122 std::reverse(cursor_, cursor_ + i);
126 // Formats "number" as hexadecimal number, and updates the internal
127 // cursor. Padding will be added in front if needed.
128 void AppendHexWithPadding(uint64 number, int width) {
129 char* start = cursor_;
131 AppendUint64(number, 16);
132 // Move to right and add padding in front if needed.
133 if (cursor_ < start + width) {
134 const int64 delta = start + width - cursor_;
135 std::copy(start, cursor_, start + delta);
136 std::fill(start, start + delta, ' ');
137 cursor_ = start + width;
144 const char * const end_;
147 // Writes the given data with the size to the standard error.
148 void WriteToStderr(const char* data, int size) {
149 if (write(STDERR_FILENO, data, size) < 0) {
154 // The writer function can be changed by InstallFailureWriter().
155 void (*g_failure_writer)(const char* data, int size) = WriteToStderr;
157 // Dumps time information. We don't dump human-readable time information
158 // as localtime() is not guaranteed to be async signal safe.
159 void DumpTimeInfo() {
160 time_t time_in_sec = time(NULL);
161 char buf[256]; // Big enough for time info.
162 MinimalFormatter formatter(buf, sizeof(buf));
163 formatter.AppendString("*** Aborted at ");
164 formatter.AppendUint64(time_in_sec, 10);
165 formatter.AppendString(" (unix time)");
166 formatter.AppendString(" try \"date -d @");
167 formatter.AppendUint64(time_in_sec, 10);
168 formatter.AppendString("\" if you are using GNU date ***\n");
169 g_failure_writer(buf, formatter.num_bytes_written());
172 // TOOD(hamaji): Use signal instead of sigaction?
173 #ifdef HAVE_SIGACTION
175 // Dumps information about the signal to STDERR.
176 void DumpSignalInfo(int signal_number, siginfo_t *siginfo) {
177 // Get the signal name.
178 const char* signal_name = NULL;
179 for (size_t i = 0; i < ARRAYSIZE(kFailureSignals); ++i) {
180 if (signal_number == kFailureSignals[i].number) {
181 signal_name = kFailureSignals[i].name;
185 char buf[256]; // Big enough for signal info.
186 MinimalFormatter formatter(buf, sizeof(buf));
188 formatter.AppendString("*** ");
190 formatter.AppendString(signal_name);
192 // Use the signal number if the name is unknown. The signal name
193 // should be known, but just in case.
194 formatter.AppendString("Signal ");
195 formatter.AppendUint64(signal_number, 10);
197 formatter.AppendString(" (@0x");
198 formatter.AppendUint64(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(siginfo->si_addr), 16);
199 formatter.AppendString(")");
200 formatter.AppendString(" received by PID ");
201 formatter.AppendUint64(getpid(), 10);
202 formatter.AppendString(" (TID 0x");
203 // We assume pthread_t is an integral number or a pointer, rather
204 // than a complex struct. In some environments, pthread_self()
205 // returns an uint64 but in some other environments pthread_self()
206 // returns a pointer. Hence we use C-style cast here, rather than
207 // reinterpret/static_cast, to support both types of environments.
208 formatter.AppendUint64((uintptr_t)pthread_self(), 16);
209 formatter.AppendString(") ");
210 // Only linux has the PID of the signal sender in si_pid.
212 formatter.AppendString("from PID ");
213 formatter.AppendUint64(siginfo->si_pid, 10);
214 formatter.AppendString("; ");
216 formatter.AppendString("stack trace: ***\n");
217 g_failure_writer(buf, formatter.num_bytes_written());
220 #endif // HAVE_SIGACTION
222 // Dumps information about the stack frame to STDERR.
223 void DumpStackFrameInfo(const char* prefix, void* pc) {
224 // Get the symbol name.
225 const char *symbol = "(unknown)";
226 char symbolized[1024]; // Big enough for a sane symbol.
227 // Symbolizes the previous address of pc because pc may be in the
229 if (Symbolize(reinterpret_cast<char *>(pc) - 1,
230 symbolized, sizeof(symbolized))) {
234 char buf[1024]; // Big enough for stack frame info.
235 MinimalFormatter formatter(buf, sizeof(buf));
237 formatter.AppendString(prefix);
238 formatter.AppendString("@ ");
239 const int width = 2 * sizeof(void*) + 2; // + 2 for "0x".
240 formatter.AppendHexWithPadding(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(pc), width);
241 formatter.AppendString(" ");
242 formatter.AppendString(symbol);
243 formatter.AppendString("\n");
244 g_failure_writer(buf, formatter.num_bytes_written());
247 // Invoke the default signal handler.
248 void InvokeDefaultSignalHandler(int signal_number) {
249 #ifdef HAVE_SIGACTION
250 struct sigaction sig_action;
251 memset(&sig_action, 0, sizeof(sig_action));
252 sigemptyset(&sig_action.sa_mask);
253 sig_action.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
254 sigaction(signal_number, &sig_action, NULL);
255 kill(getpid(), signal_number);
256 #elif defined(OS_WINDOWS)
257 signal(signal_number, SIG_DFL);
258 raise(signal_number);
262 // This variable is used for protecting FailureSignalHandler() from
263 // dumping stuff while another thread is doing it. Our policy is to let
264 // the first thread dump stuff and let other threads wait.
265 // See also comments in FailureSignalHandler().
266 static pthread_t* g_entered_thread_id_pointer = NULL;
268 // Dumps signal and stack frame information, and invokes the default
269 // signal handler once our job is done.
270 #if defined(OS_WINDOWS)
271 void FailureSignalHandler(int signal_number)
273 void FailureSignalHandler(int signal_number,
274 siginfo_t *signal_info,
278 // First check if we've already entered the function. We use an atomic
279 // compare and swap operation for platforms that support it. For other
280 // platforms, we use a naive method that could lead to a subtle race.
282 // We assume pthread_self() is async signal safe, though it's not
283 // officially guaranteed.
284 pthread_t my_thread_id = pthread_self();
285 // NOTE: We could simply use pthread_t rather than pthread_t* for this,
286 // if pthread_self() is guaranteed to return non-zero value for thread
287 // ids, but there is no such guarantee. We need to distinguish if the
288 // old value (value returned from __sync_val_compare_and_swap) is
289 // different from the original value (in this case NULL).
290 pthread_t* old_thread_id_pointer =
291 glog_internal_namespace_::sync_val_compare_and_swap(
292 &g_entered_thread_id_pointer,
293 static_cast<pthread_t*>(NULL),
295 if (old_thread_id_pointer != NULL) {
296 // We've already entered the signal handler. What should we do?
297 if (pthread_equal(my_thread_id, *g_entered_thread_id_pointer)) {
298 // It looks the current thread is reentering the signal handler.
299 // Something must be going wrong (maybe we are reentering by another
300 // type of signal?). Kill ourself by the default signal handler.
301 InvokeDefaultSignalHandler(signal_number);
303 // Another thread is dumping stuff. Let's wait until that thread
304 // finishes the job and kills the process.
309 // This is the first time we enter the signal handler. We are going to
310 // do some interesting stuff from here.
311 // TODO(satorux): We might want to set timeout here using alarm(), but
312 // mixing alarm() and sleep() can be a bad idea.
314 // First dump time info.
317 #if !defined(OS_WINDOWS)
318 // Get the program counter from ucontext.
319 void *pc = GetPC(ucontext);
320 DumpStackFrameInfo("PC: ", pc);
323 #ifdef HAVE_STACKTRACE
324 // Get the stack traces.
326 // +1 to exclude this function.
327 const int depth = GetStackTrace(stack, ARRAYSIZE(stack), 1);
328 # ifdef HAVE_SIGACTION
329 DumpSignalInfo(signal_number, signal_info);
331 // Dump the stack traces.
332 for (int i = 0; i < depth; ++i) {
333 DumpStackFrameInfo(" ", stack[i]);
337 // *** TRANSITION ***
339 // BEFORE this point, all code must be async-termination-safe!
340 // (See WARNING above.)
342 // AFTER this point, we do unsafe things, like using LOG()!
343 // The process could be terminated or hung at any time. We try to
344 // do more useful things first and riskier things later.
346 // Flush the logs before we do anything in case 'anything'
348 FlushLogFilesUnsafe(0);
350 // Kill ourself by the default signal handler.
351 InvokeDefaultSignalHandler(signal_number);
356 namespace glog_internal_namespace_ {
358 bool IsFailureSignalHandlerInstalled() {
359 #ifdef HAVE_SIGACTION
360 // TODO(andschwa): Return kFailureSignalHandlerInstalled?
361 struct sigaction sig_action;
362 memset(&sig_action, 0, sizeof(sig_action));
363 sigemptyset(&sig_action.sa_mask);
364 sigaction(SIGABRT, NULL, &sig_action);
365 if (sig_action.sa_sigaction == &FailureSignalHandler)
367 #elif defined(OS_WINDOWS)
368 return kFailureSignalHandlerInstalled;
369 #endif // HAVE_SIGACTION
373 } // namespace glog_internal_namespace_
375 void InstallFailureSignalHandler() {
376 #ifdef HAVE_SIGACTION
377 // Build the sigaction struct.
378 struct sigaction sig_action;
379 memset(&sig_action, 0, sizeof(sig_action));
380 sigemptyset(&sig_action.sa_mask);
381 sig_action.sa_flags |= SA_SIGINFO;
382 sig_action.sa_sigaction = &FailureSignalHandler;
384 for (size_t i = 0; i < ARRAYSIZE(kFailureSignals); ++i) {
385 CHECK_ERR(sigaction(kFailureSignals[i].number, &sig_action, NULL));
387 kFailureSignalHandlerInstalled = true;
388 #elif defined(OS_WINDOWS)
389 for (size_t i = 0; i < ARRAYSIZE(kFailureSignals); ++i) {
390 CHECK_NE(signal(kFailureSignals[i].number, &FailureSignalHandler),
393 kFailureSignalHandlerInstalled = true;
394 #endif // HAVE_SIGACTION
397 void InstallFailureWriter(void (*writer)(const char* data, int size)) {
398 #if defined(HAVE_SIGACTION) || defined(OS_WINDOWS)
399 g_failure_writer = writer;
400 #endif // HAVE_SIGACTION
403 _END_GOOGLE_NAMESPACE_