src/quick/items/context2d/qquickcontext2dtexture.cpp

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  41
  42 #include "qquickcontext2dtexture_p.h"
  43 #include "qquickcontext2dtile_p.h"
  44 #include "qquickcanvasitem_p.h"
  45 #include <private/qquickitem_p.h>
  46 #include <QtQuick/private/qsgtexture_p.h>
  47 #include "qquickcontext2dcommandbuffer_p.h"
  48 #include <QOpenGLPaintDevice>
  49
  50 #include <QOpenGLFramebufferObject>
  51 #include <QOpenGLFramebufferObjectFormat>
  52 #include <QtCore/QThread>
  53 #include <QtCore/QCoreApplication>
  54
  55 QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
  56
  57 #define QT_MINIMUM_FBO_SIZE 64
  58
  59 static inline int qt_next_power_of_two(int v)
  60 {
  61     v--;
  62     v |= v >> 1;
  63     v |= v >> 2;
  64     v |= v >> 4;
  65     v |= v >> 8;
  66     v |= v >> 16;
  67     ++v;
  68     return v;
  69 }
  70
  71 struct GLAcquireContext {
  72     GLAcquireContext(QOpenGLContext *c, QSurface *s):ctx(c) {
  73         if (ctx) {
  74             Q_ASSERT(s);
  75             if (!ctx->isValid())
  76                 ctx->create();
  77
  78             if (!ctx->isValid())
  79                 qWarning() << "Unable to create GL context";
  80             else if (!ctx->makeCurrent(s))
  81                 qWarning() << "Can't make current GL context";
  82         }
  83     }
  84     ~GLAcquireContext() {
  85         if (ctx)
  86             ctx->doneCurrent();
  87     }
  88     QOpenGLContext *ctx;
  89 };
  90
  91 Q_GLOBAL_STATIC(QThread, globalCanvasThreadRenderInstance)
  92
  93
  94 QQuickContext2DTexture::QQuickContext2DTexture()
  95     : m_context(0)
  96     , m_item(0)
  97     , m_dirtyCanvas(false)
  98     , m_canvasWindowChanged(false)
  99     , m_dirtyTexture(false)
 100     , m_threadRendering(false)
 101     , m_smooth(false)
 102     , m_tiledCanvas(false)
 103     , m_doGrabImage(false)
 104     , m_painting(false)
 105 {
 106 }
 107
 108 QQuickContext2DTexture::~QQuickContext2DTexture()
 109 {
 110    clearTiles();
 111 }
 112
 113 QSize QQuickContext2DTexture::textureSize() const
 114 {
 115     return m_canvasWindow.size();
 116 }
 117
 118 void QQuickContext2DTexture::markDirtyTexture()
 119 {
 120     const bool inGrab = m_doGrabImage;
 121
 122     m_dirtyTexture = true;
 123     updateTexture();
 124     if (!inGrab)
 125         emit textureChanged();
 126 }
 127
 128 bool QQuickContext2DTexture::setCanvasSize(const QSize &size)
 129 {
 130     if (m_canvasSize != size) {
 131         m_canvasSize = size;
 132         m_dirtyCanvas = true;
 133         return true;
 134     }
 135     return false;
 136 }
 137
 138 bool QQuickContext2DTexture::setTileSize(const QSize &size)
 139 {
 140     if (m_tileSize != size) {
 141         m_tileSize = size;
 142         m_dirtyCanvas = true;
 143         return true;
 144     }
 145     return false;
 146 }
 147
 148 void QQuickContext2DTexture::setSmooth(bool smooth)
 149 {
 150     m_smooth = smooth;
 151 }
 152
 153 void QQuickContext2DTexture::setItem(QQuickCanvasItem* item)
 154 {
 155     m_item = item;
 156     m_context = (QQuickContext2D*)item->rawContext(); // FIXME
 157     m_state = m_context->state;
 158 }
 159
 160 bool QQuickContext2DTexture::setCanvasWindow(const QRect& r)
 161 {
 162     if (m_canvasWindow != r) {
 163         m_canvasWindow = r;
 164         m_canvasWindowChanged = true;
 165         return true;
 166     }
 167     return false;
 168 }
 169
 170 bool QQuickContext2DTexture::setDirtyRect(const QRect &r)
 171 {
 172     bool doDirty = false;
 173     if (m_tiledCanvas) {
 174         foreach (QQuickContext2DTile* t, m_tiles) {
 175             bool dirty = t->rect().intersected(r).isValid();
 176             t->markDirty(dirty);
 177             if (dirty)
 178                 doDirty = true;
 179         }
 180     } else {
 181         doDirty = m_canvasWindow.intersected(r).isValid();
 182     }
 183     return doDirty;
 184 }
 185
 186 void QQuickContext2DTexture::canvasChanged(const QSize& canvasSize, const QSize& tileSize, const QRect& canvasWindow, const QRect& dirtyRect, bool smooth)
 187 {
 188     lock();
 189
 190     QSize ts = tileSize;
 191     if (ts.width() > canvasSize.width())
 192         ts.setWidth(canvasSize.width());
 193
 194     if (ts.height() > canvasSize.height())
 195         ts.setHeight(canvasSize.height());
 196
 197     setCanvasSize(canvasSize);
 198     setTileSize(ts);
 199     setCanvasWindow(canvasWindow);
 200
 201     if (canvasSize == canvasWindow.size()) {
 202         m_tiledCanvas = false;
 203         m_dirtyCanvas = false;
 204     } else {
 205         m_tiledCanvas = true;
 206     }
 207
 208     if (dirtyRect.isValid())
 209         setDirtyRect(dirtyRect);
 210
 211     setSmooth(smooth);
 212
 213     unlock();
 214 }
 215
 216 void QQuickContext2DTexture::paintWithoutTiles()
 217 {
 218     QQuickContext2DCommandBuffer* ccb = m_context->nextBuffer();
 219
 220     if (!ccb || ccb->isEmpty())
 221         return;
 222
 223     QPaintDevice* device = beginPainting();
 224     if (!device) {
 225         delete ccb;
 226         endPainting();
 227         return;
 228     }
 229
 230     QPainter p;
 231     p.begin(device);
 232     if (m_smooth)
 233         p.setRenderHints(QPainter::Antialiasing | QPainter::HighQualityAntialiasing
 234                                | QPainter::TextAntialiasing | QPainter::SmoothPixmapTransform);
 235     else
 236         p.setRenderHints(QPainter::Antialiasing | QPainter::HighQualityAntialiasing
 237                                  | QPainter::TextAntialiasing | QPainter::SmoothPixmapTransform, false);
 238     p.setCompositionMode(QPainter::CompositionMode_SourceOver);
 239
 240     ccb->replay(&p, m_state);
 241     ccb->clear();
 242     delete ccb;
 243
 244     endPainting();
 245
 246     markDirtyTexture();
 247 }
 248
 249 bool QQuickContext2DTexture::canvasDestroyed()
 250 {
 251     bool noCanvas = false;
 252     lock();
 253     noCanvas = m_item == 0;
 254     unlock();
 255     return noCanvas;
 256 }
 257
 258 void QQuickContext2DTexture::paint()
 259 {
 260     if (canvasDestroyed())
 261         return;
 262
 263     GLAcquireContext currentContext(m_context->glContext(), m_context->surface());
 264
 265     if (m_threadRendering && QThread::currentThread() != globalCanvasThreadRenderInstance()) {
 266         Q_ASSERT(thread() == globalCanvasThreadRenderInstance());
 267         QMetaObject::invokeMethod(this, "paint", Qt::QueuedConnection);
 268         return;
 269     }
 270
 271     if (!m_tiledCanvas) {
 272         paintWithoutTiles();
 273     } else {
 274         lock();
 275         QRect tiledRegion = createTiles(m_canvasWindow.intersected(QRect(QPoint(0, 0), m_canvasSize)));
 276         unlock();
 277
 278         if (!tiledRegion.isEmpty()) {
 279             if (m_threadRendering && !m_doGrabImage) {
 280                 QRect dirtyRect;
 281
 282                 lock();
 283                 foreach (QQuickContext2DTile* tile, m_tiles) {
 284                     if (tile->dirty()) {
 285                         if (dirtyRect.isEmpty())
 286                             dirtyRect = tile->rect();
 287                         else
 288                             dirtyRect |= tile->rect();
 289                     }
 290                 }
 291                 unlock();
 292             }
 293
 294             if (beginPainting()) {
 295                 QQuickContext2D::State oldState = m_state;
 296                 QQuickContext2DCommandBuffer* ccb = m_context->nextBuffer();
 297                 if (!ccb || ccb->isEmpty()) {
 298                     endPainting();
 299                     delete ccb;
 300                     return;
 301                 }
 302                 foreach (QQuickContext2DTile* tile, m_tiles) {
 303                     bool dirtyTile = false, dirtyCanvas = false, smooth = false;
 304
 305                     lock();
 306                     dirtyTile = tile->dirty();
 307                     smooth = m_smooth;
 308                     dirtyCanvas  = m_dirtyCanvas;
 309                     unlock();
 310
 311                     //canvas size or tile size may change during painting tiles
 312                     if (dirtyCanvas) {
 313                         if (m_threadRendering)
 314                             QMetaObject::invokeMethod(this, "paint", Qt::QueuedConnection);
 315                         endPainting();
 316                         return;
 317                     } else if (dirtyTile) {
 318                         ccb->replay(tile->createPainter(smooth), oldState);
 319                         tile->drawFinished();
 320                         lock();
 321                         tile->markDirty(false);
 322                         unlock();
 323                     }
 324
 325                     compositeTile(tile);
 326                 }
 327                 ccb->clear();
 328                 delete ccb;
 329                 endPainting();
 330                 m_state = oldState;
 331                 markDirtyTexture();
 332             }
 333         }
 334     }
 335 }
 336
 337 QRect QQuickContext2DTexture::tiledRect(const QRectF& window, const QSize& tileSize)
 338 {
 339     if (window.isEmpty())
 340         return QRect();
 341
 342     const int tw = tileSize.width();
 343     const int th = tileSize.height();
 344     const int h1 = window.left() / tw;
 345     const int v1 = window.top() / th;
 346
 347     const int htiles = ((window.right() - h1 * tw) + tw - 1)/tw;
 348     const int vtiles = ((window.bottom() - v1 * th) + th - 1)/th;
 349
 350     return QRect(h1 * tw, v1 * th, htiles * tw, vtiles * th);
 351 }
 352
 353 QRect QQuickContext2DTexture::createTiles(const QRect& window)
 354 {
 355     QList<QQuickContext2DTile*> oldTiles = m_tiles;
 356     m_tiles.clear();
 357
 358     if (window.isEmpty()) {
 359         m_dirtyCanvas = false;
 360         return QRect();
 361     }
 362
 363     QRect r = tiledRect(window, adjustedTileSize(m_tileSize));
 364
 365     const int tw = m_tileSize.width();
 366     const int th = m_tileSize.height();
 367     const int h1 = window.left() / tw;
 368     const int v1 = window.top() / th;
 369
 370
 371     const int htiles = r.width() / tw;
 372     const int vtiles = r.height() / th;
 373
 374     for (int yy = 0; yy < vtiles; ++yy) {
 375         for (int xx = 0; xx < htiles; ++xx) {
 376             int ht = xx + h1;
 377             int vt = yy + v1;
 378
 379             QQuickContext2DTile* tile = 0;
 380
 381             QPoint pos(ht * tw, vt * th);
 382             QRect rect(pos, m_tileSize);
 383
 384             for (int i = 0; i < oldTiles.size(); i++) {
 385                 if (oldTiles[i]->rect() == rect) {
 386                     tile = oldTiles.takeAt(i);
 387                     break;
 388                 }
 389             }
 390
 391             if (!tile)
 392                 tile = createTile();
 393
 394             tile->setRect(rect);
 395             m_tiles.append(tile);
 396         }
 397     }
 398
 399     qDeleteAll(oldTiles);
 400
 401     m_dirtyCanvas = false;
 402     return r;
 403 }
 404
 405 void QQuickContext2DTexture::clearTiles()
 406 {
 407     qDeleteAll(m_tiles);
 408     m_tiles.clear();
 409 }
 410
 411 QSize QQuickContext2DTexture::adjustedTileSize(const QSize &ts)
 412 {
 413     return ts;
 414 }
 415
 416 static inline QSize npotAdjustedSize(const QSize &size)
 417 {
 418     static bool checked = false;
 419     static bool npotSupported = false;
 420
 421     if (!checked) {
 422         npotSupported = QOpenGLContext::currentContext()->functions()->hasOpenGLFeature(QOpenGLFunctions::NPOTTextures);
 423         checked = true;
 424     }
 425
 426     if (npotSupported) {
 427         return QSize(qMax(QT_MINIMUM_FBO_SIZE, size.width()),
 428                      qMax(QT_MINIMUM_FBO_SIZE, size.height()));
 429     }
 430
 431     return QSize(qMax(QT_MINIMUM_FBO_SIZE, qt_next_power_of_two(size.width())),
 432                        qMax(QT_MINIMUM_FBO_SIZE, qt_next_power_of_two(size.height())));
 433 }
 434
 435 QQuickContext2DFBOTexture::QQuickContext2DFBOTexture()
 436     : QQuickContext2DTexture()
 437     , m_fbo(0)
 438     , m_multisampledFbo(0)
 439     , m_paint_device(0)
 440 {
 441     m_threadRendering = false;
 442 }
 443
 444 QQuickContext2DFBOTexture::~QQuickContext2DFBOTexture()
 445 {
 446     delete m_fbo;
 447     delete m_multisampledFbo;
 448     delete m_paint_device;
 449 }
 450
 451 QSize QQuickContext2DFBOTexture::adjustedTileSize(const QSize &ts)
 452 {
 453     return npotAdjustedSize(ts);
 454 }
 455
 456 void QQuickContext2DFBOTexture::bind()
 457 {
 458     glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureId());
 459     updateBindOptions();
 460 }
 461
 462 QRectF QQuickContext2DFBOTexture::normalizedTextureSubRect() const
 463 {
 464     return QRectF(0
 465                 , 0
 466                 , qreal(m_canvasWindow.width()) / m_fboSize.width()
 467                 , qreal(m_canvasWindow.height()) / m_fboSize.height());
 468 }
 469
 470
 471 int QQuickContext2DFBOTexture::textureId() const
 472 {
 473     return m_fbo? m_fbo->texture() : 0;
 474 }
 475
 476
 477 bool QQuickContext2DFBOTexture::updateTexture()
 478 {
 479     bool textureUpdated = m_dirtyTexture;
 480
 481     m_dirtyTexture = false;
 482
 483     if (m_doGrabImage) {
 484         grabImage();
 485         m_condition.wakeOne();
 486         m_doGrabImage = false;
 487     }
 488     return textureUpdated;
 489 }
 490
 491 QQuickContext2DTile* QQuickContext2DFBOTexture::createTile() const
 492 {
 493     return new QQuickContext2DFBOTile();
 494 }
 495
 496 void QQuickContext2DFBOTexture::grabImage()
 497 {
 498     if (m_fbo) {
 499         m_grabedImage = m_fbo->toImage();
 500     }
 501 }
 502
 503 bool QQuickContext2DFBOTexture::doMultisampling() const
 504 {
 505     static bool extensionsChecked = false;
 506     static bool multisamplingSupported = false;
 507
 508     if (!extensionsChecked) {
 509         QList<QByteArray> extensions = QByteArray((const char *)glGetString(GL_EXTENSIONS)).split(' ');
 510         multisamplingSupported = extensions.contains("GL_EXT_framebuffer_multisample")
 511                 && extensions.contains("GL_EXT_framebuffer_blit");
 512         extensionsChecked = true;
 513     }
 514
 515     return multisamplingSupported  && m_smooth;
 516 }
 517
 518 QImage QQuickContext2DFBOTexture::toImage(const QRectF& region)
 519 {
 520     const unsigned long context2d_wait_max = 5000;
 521
 522     m_doGrabImage = true;
 523     if (m_item)                 // forces a call to updatePaintNode (repaints)
 524         m_item->update();
 525
 526     QImage grabbed;
 527     m_mutex.lock();
 528     bool ok = m_condition.wait(&m_mutex, context2d_wait_max);
 529
 530     if (!ok)
 531         grabbed = QImage();
 532
 533     if (region.isValid())
 534         grabbed = m_grabedImage.copy(region.toRect());
 535     else
 536         grabbed = m_grabedImage;
 537     m_grabedImage = QImage();
 538     return grabbed;
 539 }
 540
 541 void QQuickContext2DFBOTexture::compositeTile(QQuickContext2DTile* tile)
 542 {
 543     QQuickContext2DFBOTile* t = static_cast<QQuickContext2DFBOTile*>(tile);
 544     QRect target = t->rect().intersected(m_canvasWindow);
 545     if (target.isValid()) {
 546         QRect source = target;
 547
 548         source.moveTo(source.topLeft() - t->rect().topLeft());
 549         target.moveTo(target.topLeft() - m_canvasWindow.topLeft());
 550
 551         QOpenGLFramebufferObject::blitFramebuffer(m_fbo, target, t->fbo(), source);
 552     }
 553 }
 554 QQuickCanvasItem::RenderTarget QQuickContext2DFBOTexture::renderTarget() const
 555 {
 556     return QQuickCanvasItem::FramebufferObject;
 557 }
 558 QPaintDevice* QQuickContext2DFBOTexture::beginPainting()
 559 {
 560     QQuickContext2DTexture::beginPainting();
 561
 562     if (m_canvasWindow.size().isEmpty() && !m_threadRendering) {
 563         delete m_fbo;
 564         delete m_multisampledFbo;
 565         delete m_paint_device;
 566         m_fbo = 0;
 567         m_multisampledFbo = 0;
 568         m_paint_device = 0;
 569         return 0;
 570     } else if (!m_fbo || m_canvasWindowChanged) {
 571         delete m_fbo;
 572         delete m_multisampledFbo;
 573         delete m_paint_device;
 574         m_paint_device = 0;
 575
 576         m_fboSize = npotAdjustedSize(m_canvasWindow.size());
 577         m_canvasWindowChanged = false;
 578
 579         if (doMultisampling()) {
 580             {
 581                 QOpenGLFramebufferObjectFormat format;
 582                 format.setAttachment(QOpenGLFramebufferObject::CombinedDepthStencil);
 583                 format.setSamples(8);
 584                 m_multisampledFbo = new QOpenGLFramebufferObject(m_fboSize, format);
 585             }
 586             {
 587                 QOpenGLFramebufferObjectFormat format;
 588                 format.setAttachment(QOpenGLFramebufferObject::NoAttachment);
 589                 m_fbo = new QOpenGLFramebufferObject(m_fboSize, format);
 590             }
 591         } else {
 592             QOpenGLFramebufferObjectFormat format;
 593             format.setAttachment(QOpenGLFramebufferObject::CombinedDepthStencil);
 594
 595             m_fbo = new QOpenGLFramebufferObject(m_fboSize, format);
 596         }
 597     }
 598
 599     if (doMultisampling())
 600         m_multisampledFbo->bind();
 601     else
 602         m_fbo->bind();
 603
 604
 605     if (!m_paint_device) {
 606         QOpenGLPaintDevice *gl_device = new QOpenGLPaintDevice(m_fbo->size());
 607         gl_device->setPaintFlipped(true);
 608         gl_device->setSize(m_fbo->size());
 609         m_paint_device = gl_device;
 610     }
 611
 612     return m_paint_device;
 613 }
 614
 615 void QQuickContext2DFBOTexture::endPainting()
 616 {
 617     QQuickContext2DTexture::endPainting();
 618     if (m_multisampledFbo) {
 619         QOpenGLFramebufferObject::blitFramebuffer(m_fbo, m_multisampledFbo);
 620         m_multisampledFbo->release();
 621     } else if (m_fbo)
 622         m_fbo->release();
 623 }
 624 void qt_quit_context2d_render_thread()
 625 {
 626     QThread* thread = globalCanvasThreadRenderInstance();
 627
 628     if (thread->isRunning()) {
 629         thread->exit(0);
 630         thread->wait(1000);
 631     }
 632 }
 633
 634 QQuickContext2DImageTexture::QQuickContext2DImageTexture(bool threadRendering)
 635     : QQuickContext2DTexture()
 636     , m_texture(new QSGPlainTexture())
 637 {
 638     m_texture->setOwnsTexture(true);
 639     m_texture->setHasMipmaps(false);
 640
 641     m_threadRendering = threadRendering;
 642
 643     if (m_threadRendering) {
 644         QThread* thread = globalCanvasThreadRenderInstance();
 645         moveToThread(thread);
 646
 647         if (!thread->isRunning()) {
 648             qAddPostRoutine(qt_quit_context2d_render_thread); // XXX: change this method
 649             thread->start();
 650         }
 651     }
 652 }
 653
 654 QQuickContext2DImageTexture::~QQuickContext2DImageTexture()
 655 {
 656     delete m_texture;
 657 }
 658
 659 int QQuickContext2DImageTexture::textureId() const
 660 {
 661     return m_texture->textureId();
 662 }
 663
 664 void QQuickContext2DImageTexture::lock()
 665 {
 666     if (m_threadRendering)
 667         m_mutex.lock();
 668 }
 669 void QQuickContext2DImageTexture::unlock()
 670 {
 671     if (m_threadRendering)
 672         m_mutex.unlock();
 673 }
 674
 675 void QQuickContext2DImageTexture::wait()
 676 {
 677     if (m_threadRendering)
 678         m_waitCondition.wait(&m_mutex);
 679 }
 680
 681 void QQuickContext2DImageTexture::wake()
 682 {
 683     if (m_threadRendering)
 684         m_waitCondition.wakeOne();
 685 }
 686
 687 bool QQuickContext2DImageTexture::supportDirectRendering() const
 688 {
 689     return !m_threadRendering;
 690 }
 691
 692 QQuickCanvasItem::RenderTarget QQuickContext2DImageTexture::renderTarget() const
 693 {
 694     return QQuickCanvasItem::Image;
 695 }
 696
 697 void QQuickContext2DImageTexture::bind()
 698 {
 699     m_texture->bind();
 700 }
 701
 702 bool QQuickContext2DImageTexture::updateTexture()
 703 {
 704     bool textureUpdated = m_dirtyTexture;
 705     if (m_dirtyTexture) {
 706         m_texture->setImage(m_image);
 707         m_dirtyTexture = false;
 708     }
 709     return textureUpdated;
 710 }
 711
 712 QQuickContext2DTile* QQuickContext2DImageTexture::createTile() const
 713 {
 714     return new QQuickContext2DImageTile();
 715 }
 716
 717 void QQuickContext2DImageTexture::grabImage(const QRect& r)
 718 {
 719     m_doGrabImage = true;
 720     paint();
 721     m_doGrabImage = false;
 722     m_grabedImage = m_image.copy(r);
 723 }
 724
 725 QImage QQuickContext2DImageTexture::toImage(const QRectF& rect)
 726 {
 727     QRect r = rect.isValid() ? rect.toRect() : QRect(QPoint(0, 0), m_canvasWindow.size());
 728     if (threadRendering()) {
 729         wake();
 730         QMetaObject::invokeMethod(this, "grabImage", Qt::BlockingQueuedConnection, Q_ARG(QRect, r));
 731     } else {
 732         QMetaObject::invokeMethod(this, "grabImage", Qt::DirectConnection, Q_ARG(QRect, r));
 733     }
 734     QImage image = m_grabedImage;
 735     m_grabedImage = QImage();
 736     return image;
 737 }
 738
 739 QPaintDevice* QQuickContext2DImageTexture::beginPainting()
 740 {
 741     QQuickContext2DTexture::beginPainting();
 742
 743     if (m_canvasWindow.size().isEmpty())
 744         return 0;
 745
 746     if (m_canvasWindowChanged) {
 747         m_image = QImage(m_canvasWindow.size(), QImage::Format_ARGB32_Premultiplied);
 748         m_image.fill(0x00000000);
 749         m_canvasWindowChanged = false;
 750     }
 751
 752     return &m_image;
 753 }
 754
 755 void QQuickContext2DImageTexture::compositeTile(QQuickContext2DTile* tile)
 756 {
 757     Q_ASSERT(!tile->dirty());
 758     QQuickContext2DImageTile* t = static_cast<QQuickContext2DImageTile*>(tile);
 759     QRect target = t->rect().intersected(m_canvasWindow);
 760     if (target.isValid()) {
 761         QRect source = target;
 762         source.moveTo(source.topLeft() - t->rect().topLeft());
 763         target.moveTo(target.topLeft() - m_canvasWindow.topLeft());
 764
 765         lock();
 766         m_painter.begin(&m_image);
 767         m_painter.setCompositionMode(QPainter::CompositionMode_Source);
 768         m_painter.drawImage(target, t->image(), source);
 769         m_painter.end();
 770         unlock();
 771     }
 772 }
 773
 774 QT_END_NAMESPACE
 775