1 /* od -- dump files in octal and other formats
2 Copyright (C) 1992, 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
9 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
12 GNU General Public License for more details.
14 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
16 Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */
18 /* Written by Jim Meyering. */
20 /* AIX requires this to be the first thing in the file. */
24 #define alloca __builtin_alloca
25 #else /* not __GNUC__ */
28 #else /* not HAVE_ALLOCA_H */
34 #endif /* not HAVE_ALLOCA_H */
35 #endif /* not __GNUC__ */
40 #include <sys/types.h>
46 #if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(STDC_HEADERS)
50 #ifdef HAVE_LONG_DOUBLE
51 typedef long double LONG_DOUBLE;
53 typedef double LONG_DOUBLE;
63 #define SCHAR_MIN (-128)
66 #define SHRT_MAX 32767
69 #define SHRT_MIN (-32768)
72 #define ULONG_MAX ((unsigned long) ~(unsigned long) 0)
75 /* FIXME: is there a way to do this without relying on the
76 `8 bits per byte' assumption? */
77 #define OFF_T_MAX (~((off_t)1 << (sizeof (off_t) * 8 - 1)))
80 #define STREQ(a,b) (strcmp((a), (b)) == 0)
83 #define MAX(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
87 #define MIN(a,b) (((a) < (b)) ? (a) : (b))
90 /* The default number of input bytes per output line. */
91 #define DEFAULT_BYTES_PER_BLOCK 16
93 /* The number of decimal digits of precision in a float. */
98 /* The number of decimal digits of precision in a double. */
103 /* The number of decimal digits of precision in a long double. */
105 #define LDBL_DIG DBL_DIG
134 /* Each output format specification (from POSIX `-t spec' or from
135 old-style options) is represented by one of these structures. */
138 enum output_format fmt;
140 void (*print_function) ();
144 /* The name this program was run with. */
147 /* Convert the number of 8-bit bytes of a binary representation to
148 the number of characters (digits + sign if the type is signed)
149 required to represent the same quantity in the specified base/type.
150 For example, a 32-bit (4-byte) quantity may require a field width
151 as wide as the following for these types:
155 8 unsigned hexadecimal */
157 static const unsigned int bytes_to_oct_digits[] =
158 {0, 3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 16, 19, 22, 25, 27, 30, 32, 35, 38, 41, 43};
160 static const unsigned int bytes_to_signed_dec_digits[] =
161 {1, 4, 6, 8, 11, 13, 16, 18, 20, 23, 25, 28, 30, 33, 35, 37, 40};
163 static const unsigned int bytes_to_unsigned_dec_digits[] =
164 {0, 3, 5, 8, 10, 13, 15, 17, 20, 22, 25, 27, 29, 32, 34, 37, 39};
166 static const unsigned int bytes_to_hex_digits[] =
167 {0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32};
169 /* Convert enum size_spec to the size of the named type. */
170 static const int width_bytes[] =
182 /* Names for some non-printing characters. */
183 static const char *const charname[33] =
185 "nul", "soh", "stx", "etx", "eot", "enq", "ack", "bel",
186 "bs", "ht", "nl", "vt", "ff", "cr", "so", "si",
187 "dle", "dc1", "dc2", "dc3", "dc4", "nak", "syn", "etb",
188 "can", "em", "sub", "esc", "fs", "gs", "rs", "us",
192 /* A printf control string for printing a file offset. */
193 static const char *output_address_fmt_string;
195 /* FIXME: make this the number of octal digits in an unsigned long. */
196 #define MAX_ADDRESS_LENGTH 13
198 /* Space for a normal address, a space, a pseudo address, parentheses
199 around the pseudo address, and a trailing zero byte. */
200 static char address_fmt_buffer[2 * MAX_ADDRESS_LENGTH + 4];
201 static char address_pad[MAX_ADDRESS_LENGTH + 1];
203 static unsigned long int string_min;
204 static unsigned long int flag_dump_strings;
206 /* Non-zero if we should recognize the pre-POSIX non-option arguments
207 that specified at most one file and optional arguments specifying
208 offset and pseudo-start address. */
209 static int traditional;
211 /* Non-zero if an old-style `pseudo-address' was specified. */
212 static long int flag_pseudo_start;
214 /* The difference between the old-style pseudo starting address and
215 the number of bytes to skip. */
216 static long int pseudo_offset;
218 /* Function to format an address and optionally an additional parenthesized
219 pseudo-address; it returns the formatted string. */
220 static const char *(*format_address) (/* long unsigned int */);
222 /* The number of input bytes to skip before formatting and writing. */
223 static off_t n_bytes_to_skip = 0;
225 /* When non-zero, MAX_BYTES_TO_FORMAT is the maximum number of bytes
226 to be read and formatted. Otherwise all input is formatted. */
227 static int limit_bytes_to_format = 0;
229 /* The maximum number of bytes that will be formatted. This
230 value is used only when LIMIT_BYTES_TO_FORMAT is non-zero. */
231 static off_t max_bytes_to_format;
233 /* When non-zero and two or more consecutive blocks are equal, format
234 only the first block and output an asterisk alone on the following
235 line to indicate that identical blocks have been elided. */
236 static int abbreviate_duplicate_blocks = 1;
238 /* An array of specs describing how to format each input block. */
239 static struct tspec *spec;
241 /* The number of format specs. */
242 static unsigned int n_specs;
244 /* The allocated length of SPEC. */
245 static unsigned int n_specs_allocated;
247 /* The number of input bytes formatted per output line. It must be
248 a multiple of the least common multiple of the sizes associated with
249 the specified output types. It should be as large as possible, but
250 no larger than 16 -- unless specified with the -w option. */
251 static unsigned int bytes_per_block;
253 /* Human-readable representation of *file_list (for error messages).
254 It differs from *file_list only when *file_list is "-". */
255 static char const *input_filename;
257 /* A NULL-terminated list of the file-arguments from the command line.
258 If no file-arguments were specified, this variable is initialized
260 static char const *const *file_list;
262 /* The input stream associated with the current file. */
263 static FILE *in_stream;
265 /* If non-zero, at least one of the files we read was standard input. */
266 static int have_read_stdin;
268 #define LONGEST_INTEGRAL_TYPE long int
270 #define MAX_INTEGRAL_TYPE_SIZE sizeof(LONGEST_INTEGRAL_TYPE)
271 static enum size_spec integral_type_size[MAX_INTEGRAL_TYPE_SIZE + 1];
273 #define MAX_FP_TYPE_SIZE sizeof(LONG_DOUBLE)
274 static enum size_spec fp_type_size[MAX_FP_TYPE_SIZE + 1];
276 /* If non-zero, display usage information and exit. */
277 static int show_help;
279 /* If non-zero, print the version on standard output then exit. */
280 static int show_version;
282 static struct option const long_options[] =
285 {"skip-bytes", required_argument, NULL, 'j'},
286 {"address-radix", required_argument, NULL, 'A'},
287 {"read-bytes", required_argument, NULL, 'N'},
288 {"format", required_argument, NULL, 't'},
289 {"output-duplicates", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
291 /* non-POSIX options. */
292 {"strings", optional_argument, NULL, 's'},
293 {"traditional", no_argument, NULL, 'B'},
294 {"width", optional_argument, NULL, 'w'},
295 {"help", no_argument, &show_help, 1},
296 {"version", no_argument, &show_version, 1},
305 fprintf (stderr, "Try `%s --help' for more information.\n",
310 Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...\n\
311 or: %s --traditional [FILE] [[+]OFFSET [[+]LABEL]]\n\
313 program_name, program_name);
315 Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default, of FILE\n\
316 to standard output. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.\n\
318 -A, --address-radix=RADIX decide how file offsets are printed\n\
319 -N, --read-bytes=BYTES limit dump to BYTES input bytes per file\n\
320 -j, --skip-bytes=BYTES skip BYTES input bytes first on each file\n\
321 -s, --strings[=BYTES] output strings of at least BYTES graphic chars\n\
322 -t, --format=TYPE select output format or formats\n\
323 -v, --output-duplicates do not use * to mark line suppression\n\
324 -w, --width[=BYTES] output BYTES bytes per output line\n\
325 --traditional accept arguments in pre-POSIX form\n\
326 --help display this help and exit\n\
327 --version output version information and exit\n\
329 Pre-POSIX format specifications may be intermixed, they accumulate:\n\
330 -a same as -t a, select named characters\n\
331 -b same as -t oC, select octal bytes\n\
332 -c same as -t c, select ASCII characters or backslash escapes\n\
333 -d same as -t u2, select unsigned decimal shorts\n\
334 -f same as -t fF, select floats\n\
335 -h same as -t x2, select hexadecimal shorts\n\
336 -i same as -t d2, select decimal shorts\n\
337 -l same as -t d4, select decimal longs\n\
338 -o same as -t o2, select octal shorts\n\
339 -x same as -t x2, select hexadecimal shorts\n\
343 For older syntax (second call format), OFFSET means -j OFFSET. LABEL\n\
344 is the pseudo-address at first byte printed, incremented when dump is\n\
345 progressing. For OFFSET and LABEL, a 0x or 0X prefix indicates\n\
346 hexadecimal, suffixes maybe . for octal and b multiply by 512.\n\
348 TYPE is made up of one or more of these specifications:\n\
351 c ASCII character or backslash escape\n\
352 d[SIZE] signed decimal, SIZE bytes per integer\n\
353 f[SIZE] floating point, SIZE bytes per integer\n\
354 o[SIZE] octal, SIZE bytes per integer\n\
355 u[SIZE] unsigned decimal, SIZE bytes per integer\n\
356 x[SIZE] hexadecimal, SIZE bytes per integer\n\
358 SIZE is a number. For TYPE in doux, SIZE may also be C for\n\
359 sizeof(char), S for sizeof(short), I for sizeof(int) or L for\n\
360 sizeof(long). If TYPE is f, SIZE may also be F for sizeof(float), D\n\
361 for sizeof(double) or L for sizeof(long double).\n\
363 RADIX is d for decimal, o for octal, x for hexadecimal or n for none.\n\
364 BYTES is hexadecimal with 0x or 0X prefix, it is multiplied by 512\n\
365 with b suffix, by 1024 with k and by 1048576 with m. -s without a\n\
366 number implies 3. -w without a number implies 32. By default, od\n\
367 uses -A o -t d2 -w 16.\n\
373 /* Compute the greatest common denominator of U and V
374 using Euclid's algorithm. */
391 /* Compute the least common multiple of U and V. */
398 unsigned int t = gcd (u, v);
405 print_s_char (n_bytes, block, fmt_string)
406 long unsigned int n_bytes;
408 const char *fmt_string;
411 for (i = n_bytes; i > 0; i--)
413 int tmp = (unsigned) *(const unsigned char *) block;
415 tmp -= SCHAR_MAX - SCHAR_MIN + 1;
416 assert (tmp <= SCHAR_MAX);
417 printf (fmt_string, tmp, (i == 1 ? '\n' : ' '));
418 block += sizeof (unsigned char);
423 print_char (n_bytes, block, fmt_string)
424 long unsigned int n_bytes;
426 const char *fmt_string;
429 for (i = n_bytes; i > 0; i--)
431 unsigned int tmp = *(const unsigned char *) block;
432 printf (fmt_string, tmp, (i == 1 ? '\n' : ' '));
433 block += sizeof (unsigned char);
438 print_s_short (n_bytes, block, fmt_string)
439 long unsigned int n_bytes;
441 const char *fmt_string;
444 for (i = n_bytes / sizeof (unsigned short); i > 0; i--)
446 int tmp = (unsigned) *(const unsigned short *) block;
448 tmp -= SHRT_MAX - SHRT_MIN + 1;
449 assert (tmp <= SHRT_MAX);
450 printf (fmt_string, tmp, (i == 1 ? '\n' : ' '));
451 block += sizeof (unsigned short);
455 print_short (n_bytes, block, fmt_string)
456 long unsigned int n_bytes;
458 const char *fmt_string;
461 for (i = n_bytes / sizeof (unsigned short); i > 0; i--)
463 unsigned int tmp = *(const unsigned short *) block;
464 printf (fmt_string, tmp, (i == 1 ? '\n' : ' '));
465 block += sizeof (unsigned short);
470 print_int (n_bytes, block, fmt_string)
471 long unsigned int n_bytes;
473 const char *fmt_string;
476 for (i = n_bytes / sizeof (unsigned int); i > 0; i--)
478 unsigned int tmp = *(const unsigned int *) block;
479 printf (fmt_string, tmp, (i == 1 ? '\n' : ' '));
480 block += sizeof (unsigned int);
485 print_long (n_bytes, block, fmt_string)
486 long unsigned int n_bytes;
488 const char *fmt_string;
491 for (i = n_bytes / sizeof (unsigned long); i > 0; i--)
493 unsigned long tmp = *(const unsigned long *) block;
494 printf (fmt_string, tmp, (i == 1 ? '\n' : ' '));
495 block += sizeof (unsigned long);
500 print_float (n_bytes, block, fmt_string)
501 long unsigned int n_bytes;
503 const char *fmt_string;
506 for (i = n_bytes / sizeof (float); i > 0; i--)
508 float tmp = *(const float *) block;
509 printf (fmt_string, tmp, (i == 1 ? '\n' : ' '));
510 block += sizeof (float);
515 print_double (n_bytes, block, fmt_string)
516 long unsigned int n_bytes;
518 const char *fmt_string;
521 for (i = n_bytes / sizeof (double); i > 0; i--)
523 double tmp = *(const double *) block;
524 printf (fmt_string, tmp, (i == 1 ? '\n' : ' '));
525 block += sizeof (double);
529 #ifdef HAVE_LONG_DOUBLE
531 print_long_double (n_bytes, block, fmt_string)
532 long unsigned int n_bytes;
534 const char *fmt_string;
537 for (i = n_bytes / sizeof (LONG_DOUBLE); i > 0; i--)
539 LONG_DOUBLE tmp = *(const LONG_DOUBLE *) block;
540 printf (fmt_string, tmp, (i == 1 ? '\n' : ' '));
541 block += sizeof (LONG_DOUBLE);
548 print_named_ascii (n_bytes, block, unused_fmt_string)
549 long unsigned int n_bytes;
551 const char *unused_fmt_string;
554 for (i = n_bytes; i > 0; i--)
556 unsigned int c = *(const unsigned char *) block;
557 unsigned int masked_c = (0x7f & c);
563 else if (masked_c <= 040)
564 s = charname[masked_c];
567 sprintf (buf, " %c", masked_c);
571 printf ("%3s%c", s, (i == 1 ? '\n' : ' '));
572 block += sizeof (unsigned char);
577 print_ascii (n_bytes, block, unused_fmt_string)
578 long unsigned int n_bytes;
580 const char *unused_fmt_string;
583 for (i = n_bytes; i > 0; i--)
585 unsigned int c = *(const unsigned char *) block;
624 sprintf (buf, (ISPRINT (c) ? " %c" : "%03o"), c);
625 s = (const char *) buf;
628 printf ("%3s%c", s, (i == 1 ? '\n' : ' '));
629 block += sizeof (unsigned char);
633 /* Convert a null-terminated (possibly zero-length) string S to an
634 unsigned long integer value. If S points to a non-digit set *P to S,
635 *VAL to 0, and return 0. Otherwise, accumulate the integer value of
636 the string of digits. If the string of digits represents a value
637 larger than ULONG_MAX, don't modify *VAL or *P and return non-zero.
638 Otherwise, advance *P to the first non-digit after S, set *VAL to
639 the result of the conversion and return zero. */
642 simple_strtoul (s, p, val)
645 long unsigned int *val;
647 unsigned long int sum;
652 unsigned int c = *s++ - '0';
653 if (sum > (ULONG_MAX - c) / 10)
662 /* If S points to a single valid POSIX-style od format string, put a
663 description of that format in *TSPEC, make *NEXT point at the character
664 following the just-decoded format (if *NEXT is non-NULL), and return
665 zero. If S is not valid, don't modify *NEXT or *TSPEC and return
666 non-zero. For example, if S were "d4afL" *NEXT would be set to "afL"
669 fmt = SIGNED_DECIMAL;
670 size = INT or LONG; (whichever integral_type_size[4] resolves to)
671 print_function = print_int; (assuming size == INT)
672 fmt_string = "%011d%c";
677 decode_one_format (s, next, tspec)
682 enum size_spec size_spec;
683 unsigned long int size;
684 enum output_format fmt;
685 const char *pre_fmt_string;
687 void (*print_function) ();
691 assert (tspec != NULL);
705 size = sizeof (char);
710 size = sizeof (short);
720 size = sizeof (long int);
724 if (simple_strtoul (s, &p, &size) != 0)
730 if (size > MAX_INTEGRAL_TYPE_SIZE
731 || integral_type_size[size] == NO_SIZE)
738 #define FMT_BYTES_ALLOCATED 9
739 fmt_string = xmalloc (FMT_BYTES_ALLOCATED);
741 size_spec = integral_type_size[size];
746 fmt = SIGNED_DECIMAL;
747 sprintf (fmt_string, "%%%u%sd%%c",
748 bytes_to_signed_dec_digits[size],
749 (size_spec == LONG ? "l" : ""));
754 sprintf (fmt_string, "%%0%u%so%%c",
755 bytes_to_oct_digits[size],
756 (size_spec == LONG ? "l" : ""));
760 fmt = UNSIGNED_DECIMAL;
761 sprintf (fmt_string, "%%%u%su%%c",
762 bytes_to_unsigned_dec_digits[size],
763 (size_spec == LONG ? "l" : ""));
768 sprintf (fmt_string, "%%0%u%sx%%c",
769 bytes_to_hex_digits[size],
770 (size_spec == LONG ? "l" : ""));
777 assert (strlen (fmt_string) < FMT_BYTES_ALLOCATED);
782 print_function = (fmt == SIGNED_DECIMAL
788 print_function = (fmt == SIGNED_DECIMAL
794 print_function = print_int;
798 print_function = print_long;
807 fmt = FLOATING_POINT;
813 size = sizeof (float);
818 size = sizeof (double);
823 size = sizeof (LONG_DOUBLE);
827 if (simple_strtoul (s, &p, &size) != 0)
830 size = sizeof (double);
833 if (size > MAX_FP_TYPE_SIZE
834 || fp_type_size[size] == NO_SIZE)
840 size_spec = fp_type_size[size];
845 print_function = print_float;
846 /* Don't use %#e; not all systems support it. */
847 pre_fmt_string = "%%%d.%de%%c";
848 fmt_string = xmalloc (strlen (pre_fmt_string));
849 sprintf (fmt_string, pre_fmt_string,
850 FLT_DIG + 8, FLT_DIG);
854 print_function = print_double;
855 pre_fmt_string = "%%%d.%de%%c";
856 fmt_string = xmalloc (strlen (pre_fmt_string));
857 sprintf (fmt_string, pre_fmt_string,
858 DBL_DIG + 8, DBL_DIG);
861 #ifdef HAVE_LONG_DOUBLE
862 case FLOAT_LONG_DOUBLE:
863 print_function = print_long_double;
864 pre_fmt_string = "%%%d.%dle%%c";
865 fmt_string = xmalloc (strlen (pre_fmt_string));
866 sprintf (fmt_string, pre_fmt_string,
867 LDBL_DIG + 8, LDBL_DIG);
878 fmt = NAMED_CHARACTER;
881 print_function = print_named_ascii;
889 print_function = print_ascii;
896 tspec->size = size_spec;
898 tspec->print_function = print_function;
899 tspec->fmt_string = fmt_string;
907 /* Decode the POSIX-style od format string S. Append the decoded
908 representation to the global array SPEC, reallocating SPEC if
909 necessary. Return zero if S is valid, non-zero otherwise. */
912 decode_format_string (s)
922 if (decode_one_format (s, &next, &tspec))
928 if (n_specs >= n_specs_allocated)
930 n_specs_allocated = 1 + (3 * n_specs_allocated) / 2;
931 spec = (struct tspec *) xrealloc (spec, (n_specs_allocated
932 * sizeof (struct tspec)));
935 memcpy ((char *) &spec[n_specs], (char *) &tspec, sizeof (struct tspec));
942 /* Given a list of one or more input filenames FILE_LIST, set the global
943 file pointer IN_STREAM to position N_SKIP in the concatenation of
944 those files. If any file operation fails or if there are fewer than
945 N_SKIP bytes in the combined input, give an error message and return
946 non-zero. When possible, use seek- rather than read operations to
947 advance IN_STREAM. A file name of "-" is interpreted as standard
957 for ( /* empty */ ; *file_list != NULL; ++file_list)
959 struct stat file_stats;
962 if (STREQ (*file_list, "-"))
964 input_filename = "standard input";
970 input_filename = *file_list;
971 in_stream = fopen (input_filename, "r");
972 if (in_stream == NULL)
974 error (0, errno, "%s", input_filename);
983 /* First try using fseek. For large offsets, this extra work is
984 worthwhile. If the offset is below some threshold it may be
985 more efficient to move the pointer by reading. There are two
986 issues when trying to use fseek:
987 - the file must be seekable.
988 - before seeking to the specified position, make sure
989 that the new position is in the current file.
990 Try to do that by getting file's size using fstat().
991 But that will work only for regular files and dirs. */
993 if (fstat (fileno (in_stream), &file_stats))
995 error (0, errno, "%s", input_filename);
1000 /* The st_size field is valid only for regular files and
1001 directories. FIXME: is the preceding true?
1002 If the number of bytes left to skip is at least as large as
1003 the size of the current file, we can decrement
1004 n_skip and go on to the next file. */
1005 if (S_ISREG (file_stats.st_mode) || S_ISDIR (file_stats.st_mode))
1007 if (n_skip >= file_stats.st_size)
1009 n_skip -= file_stats.st_size;
1010 if (in_stream != stdin && fclose (in_stream) == EOF)
1012 error (0, errno, "%s", input_filename);
1019 if (fseek (in_stream, n_skip, SEEK_SET) == 0)
1027 /* fseek didn't work or wasn't attempted; do it the slow way. */
1029 for (j = n_skip / BUFSIZ; j >= 0; j--)
1032 size_t n_bytes_to_read = (j > 0
1035 size_t n_bytes_read;
1036 n_bytes_read = fread (buf, 1, n_bytes_to_read, in_stream);
1037 n_skip -= n_bytes_read;
1038 if (n_bytes_read != n_bytes_to_read)
1047 error (2, 0, "cannot skip past end of combined input");
1053 format_address_none (address)
1054 long unsigned int address;
1060 format_address_std (address)
1061 long unsigned int address;
1063 const char *address_string;
1065 sprintf (address_fmt_buffer, output_address_fmt_string, address);
1066 address_string = address_fmt_buffer;
1067 return address_string;
1071 format_address_label (address)
1072 long unsigned int address;
1074 const char *address_string;
1075 assert (output_address_fmt_string != NULL);
1077 sprintf (address_fmt_buffer, output_address_fmt_string,
1078 address, address + pseudo_offset);
1079 address_string = address_fmt_buffer;
1080 return address_string;
1083 /* Write N_BYTES bytes from CURR_BLOCK to standard output once for each
1084 of the N_SPEC format specs. CURRENT_OFFSET is the byte address of
1085 CURR_BLOCK in the concatenation of input files, and it is printed
1086 (optionally) only before the output line associated with the first
1087 format spec. When duplicate blocks are being abbreviated, the output
1088 for a sequence of identical input blocks is the output for the first
1089 block followed by an asterisk alone on a line. It is valid to compare
1090 the blocks PREV_BLOCK and CURR_BLOCK only when N_BYTES == BYTES_PER_BLOCK.
1091 That condition may be false only for the last input block -- and then
1092 only when it has not been padded to length BYTES_PER_BLOCK. */
1095 write_block (current_offset, n_bytes, prev_block, curr_block)
1096 long unsigned int current_offset;
1097 long unsigned int n_bytes;
1098 const char *prev_block;
1099 const char *curr_block;
1101 static int first = 1;
1102 static int prev_pair_equal = 0;
1104 #define EQUAL_BLOCKS(b1, b2) (memcmp ((b1), (b2), bytes_per_block) == 0)
1106 if (abbreviate_duplicate_blocks
1107 && !first && n_bytes == bytes_per_block
1108 && EQUAL_BLOCKS (prev_block, curr_block))
1110 if (prev_pair_equal)
1112 /* The two preceding blocks were equal, and the current
1113 block is the same as the last one, so print nothing. */
1118 prev_pair_equal = 1;
1125 prev_pair_equal = 0;
1126 for (i = 0; i < n_specs; i++)
1128 printf ("%s ", (i == 0
1129 ? format_address (current_offset)
1131 (*spec[i].print_function) (n_bytes, curr_block, spec[i].fmt_string);
1137 /* Test whether there have been errors on in_stream, and close it if
1138 it is not standard input. Return non-zero if there has been an error
1139 on in_stream or stdout; return zero otherwise. This function will
1140 report more than one error only if both a read and a write error
1149 if (ferror (in_stream))
1151 error (0, errno, "%s", input_filename);
1152 if (in_stream != stdin)
1156 else if (in_stream != stdin && fclose (in_stream) == EOF)
1158 error (0, errno, "%s", input_filename);
1162 if (ferror (stdout))
1164 error (0, errno, "standard output");
1171 /* Read a single byte into *C from the concatenation of the input files
1172 named in the global array FILE_LIST. On the first call to this
1173 function, the global variable IN_STREAM is expected to be an open
1174 stream associated with the input file *FILE_LIST. If IN_STREAM is
1175 at end-of-file, close it and update the global variables IN_STREAM,
1176 FILE_LIST, and INPUT_FILENAME so they correspond to the next file in
1177 the list. Then try to read a byte from the newly opened file.
1178 Repeat if necessary until *FILE_LIST is NULL. When EOF is reached
1179 for the last file in FILE_LIST, set *C to EOF and return. Subsequent
1180 calls do likewise. The return value is non-zero if any errors
1181 occured, zero otherwise. */
1189 if (*file_list == NULL)
1198 *c = fgetc (in_stream);
1203 err |= check_and_close ();
1208 if (*file_list == NULL)
1211 if (STREQ (*file_list, "-"))
1213 input_filename = "standard input";
1215 have_read_stdin = 1;
1219 input_filename = *file_list;
1220 in_stream = fopen (input_filename, "r");
1221 if (in_stream == NULL)
1223 error (0, errno, "%s", input_filename);
1228 while (in_stream == NULL);
1232 /* Read N bytes into BLOCK from the concatenation of the input files
1233 named in the global array FILE_LIST. On the first call to this
1234 function, the global variable IN_STREAM is expected to be an open
1235 stream associated with the input file *FILE_LIST. On subsequent
1236 calls, if *FILE_LIST is NULL, don't modify BLOCK and return zero.
1237 If all N bytes cannot be read from IN_STREAM, close IN_STREAM and
1238 update the global variables IN_STREAM, FILE_LIST, and INPUT_FILENAME.
1239 Then try to read the remaining bytes from the newly opened file.
1240 Repeat if necessary until *FILE_LIST is NULL. Set *N_BYTES_IN_BUFFER
1241 to the number of bytes read. If an error occurs, it will be detected
1242 through ferror when the stream is about to be closed. If there is an
1243 error, give a message but continue reading as usual and return non-zero.
1244 Otherwise return zero. */
1247 read_block (n, block, n_bytes_in_buffer)
1250 size_t *n_bytes_in_buffer;
1254 assert (n > 0 && n <= bytes_per_block);
1256 *n_bytes_in_buffer = 0;
1261 if (*file_list == NULL)
1262 return 0; /* EOF. */
1270 n_needed = n - *n_bytes_in_buffer;
1271 n_read = fread (block + *n_bytes_in_buffer, 1, n_needed, in_stream);
1273 *n_bytes_in_buffer += n_read;
1275 if (n_read == n_needed)
1278 err |= check_and_close ();
1283 if (*file_list == NULL)
1286 if (STREQ (*file_list, "-"))
1288 input_filename = "standard input";
1290 have_read_stdin = 1;
1294 input_filename = *file_list;
1295 in_stream = fopen (input_filename, "r");
1296 if (in_stream == NULL)
1298 error (0, errno, "%s", input_filename);
1303 while (in_stream == NULL);
1307 /* Return the least common multiple of the sizes associated
1308 with the format specs. */
1316 for (i = 0; i < n_specs; i++)
1317 l_c_m = lcm (l_c_m, width_bytes[(int) spec[i].size]);
1321 /* If S is a valid pre-POSIX offset specification with an optional leading '+'
1322 return the offset it denotes. Otherwise, return -1. */
1325 parse_old_offset (s)
1330 enum strtol_error s_err;
1331 long unsigned int tmp;
1336 /* Skip over any leading '+'. */
1340 /* Determine the radix we'll use to interpret S. If there is a `.',
1341 it's decimal, otherwise, if the string begins with `0X'or `0x',
1342 it's hexadecimal, else octal. */
1343 if (strchr (s, '.') != NULL)
1347 if (s[0] == '0' && (s[1] == 'x' || s[1] == 'X'))
1353 s_err = xstrtoul (s, NULL, radix, &tmp, "Bb");
1354 if (s_err != LONGINT_OK)
1356 STRTOL_FAIL_WARN (s, "old-style offset", s_err);
1363 /* Read a chunk of size BYTES_PER_BLOCK from the input files, write the
1364 formatted block to standard output, and repeat until the specified
1365 maximum number of bytes has been read or until all input has been
1366 processed. If the last block read is smaller than BYTES_PER_BLOCK
1367 and its size is not a multiple of the size associated with a format
1368 spec, extend the input block with zero bytes until its length is a
1369 multiple of all format spec sizes. Write the final block. Finally,
1370 write on a line by itself the offset of the byte after the last byte
1371 read. Accumulate return values from calls to read_block and
1372 check_and_close, and if any was non-zero, return non-zero.
1373 Otherwise, return zero. */
1379 off_t current_offset;
1383 size_t n_bytes_read;
1385 #ifdef lint /* Suppress `used before initialized' warning. */
1389 block[0] = (char *) alloca (bytes_per_block);
1390 block[1] = (char *) alloca (bytes_per_block);
1392 current_offset = n_bytes_to_skip;
1396 if (limit_bytes_to_format)
1398 end_offset = n_bytes_to_skip + max_bytes_to_format;
1403 n_needed = MIN (end_offset - current_offset,
1404 (off_t) bytes_per_block);
1410 err |= read_block (n_needed, block[idx], &n_bytes_read);
1411 if (n_bytes_read < bytes_per_block)
1413 assert (n_bytes_read == bytes_per_block);
1414 write_block (current_offset, n_bytes_read,
1415 block[!idx], block[idx]);
1416 current_offset += n_bytes_read;
1424 err |= read_block (bytes_per_block, block[idx], &n_bytes_read);
1425 if (n_bytes_read < bytes_per_block)
1427 assert (n_bytes_read == bytes_per_block);
1428 write_block (current_offset, n_bytes_read,
1429 block[!idx], block[idx]);
1430 current_offset += n_bytes_read;
1435 if (n_bytes_read > 0)
1438 size_t bytes_to_write;
1442 /* Make bytes_to_write the smallest multiple of l_c_m that
1443 is at least as large as n_bytes_read. */
1444 bytes_to_write = l_c_m * (int) ((n_bytes_read + l_c_m - 1) / l_c_m);
1446 memset (block[idx] + n_bytes_read, 0, bytes_to_write - n_bytes_read);
1447 write_block (current_offset, bytes_to_write,
1448 block[!idx], block[idx]);
1449 current_offset += n_bytes_read;
1452 if (output_address_fmt_string != NULL)
1453 printf ("%s\n", format_address (current_offset));
1455 if (limit_bytes_to_format && current_offset > end_offset)
1456 err |= check_and_close ();
1461 /* STRINGS mode. Find each "string constant" in the input.
1462 A string constant is a run of at least `string_min' ASCII
1463 graphic (or formatting) characters terminated by a null.
1464 Based on a function written by Richard Stallman for a
1465 pre-POSIX version of od. Return non-zero if an error
1466 occurs. Otherwise, return zero. */
1471 size_t bufsize = MAX (100, string_min);
1472 char *buf = xmalloc (bufsize);
1473 off_t address = n_bytes_to_skip;
1482 /* See if the next `string_min' chars are all printing chars. */
1485 if (limit_bytes_to_format
1486 && address >= (n_bytes_to_skip + max_bytes_to_format - string_min))
1489 for (i = 0; i < string_min; i++)
1491 err |= read_char (&c);
1499 /* Found a non-printing. Try again starting with next char. */
1504 /* We found a run of `string_min' printable characters.
1505 Now see if it is terminated with a null byte. */
1506 while (!limit_bytes_to_format
1507 || address < n_bytes_to_skip + max_bytes_to_format)
1511 bufsize = 1 + 3 * bufsize / 2;
1512 buf = xrealloc (buf, bufsize);
1514 err |= read_char (&c);
1522 break; /* It is; print this string. */
1524 goto tryline; /* It isn't; give up on this string. */
1525 buf[i++] = c; /* String continues; store it all. */
1528 /* If we get here, the string is all printable and null-terminated,
1529 so print it. It is all in `buf' and `i' is its length. */
1531 if (output_address_fmt_string != NULL)
1533 printf ("%s ", format_address (address - i - 1));
1535 for (i = 0; (c = buf[i]); i++)
1540 fputs ("\\a", stdout);
1544 fputs ("\\b", stdout);
1548 fputs ("\\f", stdout);
1552 fputs ("\\n", stdout);
1556 fputs ("\\r", stdout);
1560 fputs ("\\t", stdout);
1564 fputs ("\\v", stdout);
1574 /* We reach this point only if we search through
1575 (max_bytes_to_format - string_min) bytes before reachine EOF. */
1579 err |= check_and_close ();
1592 unsigned int address_pad_len;
1593 unsigned long int desired_width;
1594 int width_specified = 0;
1597 /* The old-style `pseudo starting address' to be printed in parentheses
1598 after any true address. */
1599 long int pseudo_start;
1601 #ifdef lint /* Suppress `used before initialized' warning. */
1605 program_name = argv[0];
1608 for (i = 0; i <= MAX_INTEGRAL_TYPE_SIZE; i++)
1609 integral_type_size[i] = NO_SIZE;
1611 integral_type_size[sizeof (char)] = CHAR;
1612 integral_type_size[sizeof (short int)] = SHORT;
1613 integral_type_size[sizeof (int)] = INT;
1614 integral_type_size[sizeof (long int)] = LONG;
1616 for (i = 0; i <= MAX_FP_TYPE_SIZE; i++)
1617 fp_type_size[i] = NO_SIZE;
1619 fp_type_size[sizeof (float)] = FLOAT_SINGLE;
1620 /* The array entry for `double' is filled in after that for LONG_DOUBLE
1621 so that if `long double' is the same type or if long double isn't
1622 supported FLOAT_LONG_DOUBLE will never be used. */
1623 fp_type_size[sizeof (LONG_DOUBLE)] = FLOAT_LONG_DOUBLE;
1624 fp_type_size[sizeof (double)] = FLOAT_DOUBLE;
1627 n_specs_allocated = 5;
1628 spec = (struct tspec *) xmalloc (n_specs_allocated * sizeof (struct tspec));
1630 output_address_fmt_string = "%07o";
1631 format_address = format_address_std;
1632 address_pad_len = 7;
1633 flag_dump_strings = 0;
1635 while ((c = getopt_long (argc, argv, "abcdfhilos::xw::A:j:N:t:v",
1636 long_options, (int *) 0))
1639 unsigned long int tmp;
1640 enum strtol_error s_err;
1651 output_address_fmt_string = "%07d";
1652 format_address = format_address_std;
1653 address_pad_len = 7;
1656 output_address_fmt_string = "%07o";
1657 format_address = format_address_std;
1658 address_pad_len = 7;
1661 output_address_fmt_string = "%06x";
1662 format_address = format_address_std;
1663 address_pad_len = 6;
1666 output_address_fmt_string = NULL;
1667 format_address = format_address_none;
1668 address_pad_len = 0;
1672 "invalid output address radix `%c'; it must be one character from [doxn]",
1679 s_err = xstrtoul (optarg, NULL, 0, &tmp, "bkm");
1680 n_bytes_to_skip = tmp;
1681 if (s_err != LONGINT_OK)
1682 STRTOL_FATAL_ERROR (optarg, "skip argument", s_err);
1686 limit_bytes_to_format = 1;
1688 /* FIXME: if off_t is long long and that's an 8-byte type,
1689 use xstrtouq here. */
1690 s_err = xstrtoul (optarg, NULL, 0, &tmp, "bkm");
1691 max_bytes_to_format = tmp;
1692 if (s_err != LONGINT_OK)
1693 STRTOL_FATAL_ERROR (optarg, "limit argument", s_err);
1695 if (tmp > OFF_T_MAX)
1696 error (2, 0, "specified number of bytes `%s' is larger than \
1697 the maximum\nrepresentable value of type off_t", optarg);
1705 s_err = xstrtoul (optarg, NULL, 0, &string_min, "bkm");
1706 if (s_err != LONGINT_OK)
1707 STRTOL_FATAL_ERROR (optarg, "minimum string length", s_err);
1709 ++flag_dump_strings;
1713 if (decode_format_string (optarg))
1714 error (2, 0, "invalid type string `%s'", optarg);
1718 abbreviate_duplicate_blocks = 0;
1725 /* The next several cases map the old, pre-POSIX format
1726 specification options to the corresponding POSIX format
1727 specs. GNU od accepts any combination of old- and
1728 new-style options. Format specification options accumulate. */
1730 #define CASE_OLD_ARG(old_char,new_string) \
1734 tmp = decode_format_string (new_string); \
1735 assert (tmp == 0); \
1739 CASE_OLD_ARG ('a', "a");
1740 CASE_OLD_ARG ('b', "oC");
1741 CASE_OLD_ARG ('c', "c");
1742 CASE_OLD_ARG ('d', "u2");
1743 CASE_OLD_ARG ('f', "fF");
1744 CASE_OLD_ARG ('h', "x2");
1745 CASE_OLD_ARG ('i', "d2");
1746 CASE_OLD_ARG ('l', "d4");
1747 CASE_OLD_ARG ('o', "o2");
1748 CASE_OLD_ARG ('x', "x2");
1753 width_specified = 1;
1760 s_err = xstrtoul (optarg, NULL, 10, &desired_width, NULL);
1761 if (s_err != LONGINT_OK)
1762 STRTOL_FATAL_ERROR (optarg, "width specification", s_err);
1774 printf ("od - %s\n", version_string);
1781 if (flag_dump_strings && n_specs > 0)
1782 error (2, 0, "no type may be specified when dumping strings");
1784 n_files = argc - optind;
1786 /* If the --backward-compatible option is used, there may be from
1787 0 to 3 remaining command line arguments; handle each case
1789 od [file] [[+]offset[.][b] [[+]label[.][b]]]
1790 The offset and pseudo_start have the same syntax. */
1798 if ((offset = parse_old_offset (argv[optind])) >= 0)
1800 n_bytes_to_skip = offset;
1805 else if (n_files == 2)
1808 if ((o1 = parse_old_offset (argv[optind])) >= 0
1809 && (o2 = parse_old_offset (argv[optind + 1])) >= 0)
1811 n_bytes_to_skip = o1;
1812 flag_pseudo_start = 1;
1817 else if ((o2 = parse_old_offset (argv[optind + 1])) >= 0)
1819 n_bytes_to_skip = o2;
1821 argv[optind + 1] = argv[optind];
1827 "invalid second operand in compatibility mode `%s'",
1832 else if (n_files == 3)
1835 if ((o1 = parse_old_offset (argv[optind + 1])) >= 0
1836 && (o2 = parse_old_offset (argv[optind + 2])) >= 0)
1838 n_bytes_to_skip = o1;
1839 flag_pseudo_start = 1;
1841 argv[optind + 2] = argv[optind];
1848 "in compatibility mode the last 2 arguments must be offsets");
1855 "in compatibility mode there may be no more than 3 arguments");
1859 if (flag_pseudo_start)
1861 static char buf[10];
1863 if (output_address_fmt_string == NULL)
1865 output_address_fmt_string = "(%07o)";
1866 format_address = format_address_std;
1870 sprintf (buf, "%s (%s)",
1871 output_address_fmt_string,
1872 output_address_fmt_string);
1873 output_address_fmt_string = buf;
1874 format_address = format_address_label;
1879 assert (address_pad_len <= MAX_ADDRESS_LENGTH);
1880 for (i = 0; i < address_pad_len; i++)
1881 address_pad[i] = ' ';
1882 address_pad[address_pad_len] = '\0';
1886 int d_err = decode_one_format ("o2", NULL, &(spec[0]));
1888 assert (d_err == 0);
1893 file_list = (char const *const *) &argv[optind];
1896 /* If no files were listed on the command line, set up the
1897 global array FILE_LIST so that it contains the null-terminated
1898 list of one name: "-". */
1899 static char const *const default_file_list[] = {"-", NULL};
1901 file_list = default_file_list;
1904 err |= skip (n_bytes_to_skip);
1905 if (in_stream == NULL)
1908 pseudo_offset = (flag_pseudo_start ? pseudo_start - n_bytes_to_skip : 0);
1910 /* Compute output block length. */
1913 if (width_specified)
1915 if (desired_width != 0 && desired_width % l_c_m == 0)
1916 bytes_per_block = desired_width;
1919 error (0, 0, "warning: invalid width %lu; using %d instead",
1920 desired_width, l_c_m);
1921 bytes_per_block = l_c_m;
1926 if (l_c_m < DEFAULT_BYTES_PER_BLOCK)
1927 bytes_per_block = l_c_m * (int) (DEFAULT_BYTES_PER_BLOCK / l_c_m);
1929 bytes_per_block = l_c_m;
1933 for (i = 0; i < n_specs; i++)
1935 printf ("%d: fmt=\"%s\" width=%d\n",
1936 i, spec[i].fmt_string, width_bytes[spec[i].size]);
1940 err |= (flag_dump_strings ? dump_strings () : dump ());
1944 if (have_read_stdin && fclose (stdin) == EOF)
1945 error (2, errno, "standard input");
1947 if (fclose (stdout) == EOF)
1948 error (2, errno, "write error");