1 /* od -- dump files in octal and other formats
2 Copyright (C) 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
9 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
12 GNU General Public License for more details.
14 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
16 Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */
18 /* Written by Jim Meyering. */
20 /* AIX requires this to be the first thing in the file. */
24 #define alloca __builtin_alloca
25 #else /* not __GNUC__ */
28 #else /* not HAVE_ALLOCA_H */
34 #endif /* not HAVE_ALLOCA_H */
35 #endif /* not __GNUC__ */
40 #include <sys/types.h>
46 #if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(STDC_HEADERS)
50 #ifdef HAVE_LONG_DOUBLE
51 typedef long double LONG_DOUBLE;
53 typedef double LONG_DOUBLE;
63 #define SCHAR_MIN (-128)
66 #define SHRT_MAX 32767
69 #define SHRT_MIN (-32768)
72 #define ULONG_MAX ((unsigned long) ~(unsigned long) 0)
75 #define STREQ(a,b) (strcmp((a), (b)) == 0)
78 #define MAX(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
82 #define MIN(a,b) (((a) < (b)) ? (a) : (b))
85 /* The default number of input bytes per output line. */
86 #define DEFAULT_BYTES_PER_BLOCK 16
88 /* The number of decimal digits of precision in a float. */
93 /* The number of decimal digits of precision in a double. */
98 /* The number of decimal digits of precision in a long double. */
100 #define LDBL_DIG DBL_DIG
131 UINT_OK, UINT_INVALID, UINT_INVALID_SUFFIX_CHAR, UINT_OVERFLOW
133 typedef enum strtoul_error strtoul_error;
135 /* Each output format specification (from POSIX `-t spec' or from
136 old-style options) is represented by one of these structures. */
139 enum output_format fmt;
141 void (*print_function) ();
145 /* The name this program was run with. */
148 /* Convert the number of 8-bit bytes of a binary representation to
149 the number of characters (digits + sign if the type is signed)
150 required to represent the same quantity in the specified base/type.
151 For example, a 32-bit (4-byte) quantity may require a field width
152 as wide as the following for these types:
156 8 unsigned hexadecimal */
158 static const unsigned int bytes_to_oct_digits[] =
159 {0, 3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 16, 19, 22, 25, 27, 30, 32, 35, 38, 41, 43};
161 static const unsigned int bytes_to_signed_dec_digits[] =
162 {1, 4, 6, 8, 11, 13, 16, 18, 20, 23, 25, 28, 30, 33, 35, 37, 40};
164 static const unsigned int bytes_to_unsigned_dec_digits[] =
165 {0, 3, 5, 8, 10, 13, 15, 17, 20, 22, 25, 27, 29, 32, 34, 37, 39};
167 static const unsigned int bytes_to_hex_digits[] =
168 {0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32};
170 /* Convert enum size_spec to the size of the named type. */
171 static const int width_bytes[] =
183 /* Names for some non-printing characters. */
184 static const char *const charname[33] =
186 "nul", "soh", "stx", "etx", "eot", "enq", "ack", "bel",
187 "bs", "ht", "nl", "vt", "ff", "cr", "so", "si",
188 "dle", "dc1", "dc2", "dc3", "dc4", "nak", "syn", "etb",
189 "can", "em", "sub", "esc", "fs", "gs", "rs", "us",
193 /* A printf control string for printing a file offset. */
194 static const char *output_address_fmt_string;
196 /* FIXME: make this the number of octal digits in an unsigned long. */
197 #define MAX_ADDRESS_LENGTH 13
199 /* Space for a normal address, a space, a pseudo address, parentheses
200 around the pseudo address, and a trailing zero byte. */
201 static char address_fmt_buffer[2 * MAX_ADDRESS_LENGTH + 4];
202 static char address_pad[MAX_ADDRESS_LENGTH + 1];
204 static unsigned long int string_min;
205 static unsigned long int flag_dump_strings;
207 /* Non-zero if we should recognize the pre-POSIX non-option arguments
208 that specified at most one file and optional arguments specifying
209 offset and pseudo-start address. */
210 static int traditional;
212 /* Non-zero if an old-style `pseudo-address' was specified. */
213 static long int flag_pseudo_start;
215 /* The difference between the old-style pseudo starting address and
216 the number of bytes to skip. */
217 static long int pseudo_offset;
219 /* Function to format an address and optionally an additional parenthesized
220 pseudo-address; it returns the formatted string. */
221 static const char *(*format_address) (/* long unsigned int */);
223 /* The number of input bytes to skip before formatting and writing. */
224 static off_t n_bytes_to_skip = 0;
226 /* When non-zero, MAX_BYTES_TO_FORMAT is the maximum number of bytes
227 to be read and formatted. Otherwise all input is formatted. */
228 static int limit_bytes_to_format = 0;
230 /* The maximum number of bytes that will be formatted. This
231 value is used only when LIMIT_BYTES_TO_FORMAT is non-zero. */
232 static off_t max_bytes_to_format;
234 /* When non-zero and two or more consecutive blocks are equal, format
235 only the first block and output an asterisk alone on the following
236 line to indicate that identical blocks have been elided. */
237 static int abbreviate_duplicate_blocks = 1;
239 /* An array of specs describing how to format each input block. */
240 static struct tspec *spec;
242 /* The number of format specs. */
243 static unsigned int n_specs;
245 /* The allocated length of SPEC. */
246 static unsigned int n_specs_allocated;
248 /* The number of input bytes formatted per output line. It must be
249 a multiple of the least common multiple of the sizes associated with
250 the specified output types. It should be as large as possible, but
251 no larger than 16 -- unless specified with the -w option. */
252 static unsigned int bytes_per_block;
254 /* Human-readable representation of *file_list (for error messages).
255 It differs from *file_list only when *file_list is "-". */
256 static char const *input_filename;
258 /* A NULL-terminated list of the file-arguments from the command line.
259 If no file-arguments were specified, this variable is initialized
261 static char const *const *file_list;
263 /* The input stream associated with the current file. */
264 static FILE *in_stream;
266 /* If non-zero, at least one of the files we read was standard input. */
267 static int have_read_stdin;
269 #define LONGEST_INTEGRAL_TYPE long int
271 #define MAX_INTEGRAL_TYPE_SIZE sizeof(LONGEST_INTEGRAL_TYPE)
272 static enum size_spec integral_type_size[MAX_INTEGRAL_TYPE_SIZE + 1];
274 #define MAX_FP_TYPE_SIZE sizeof(LONG_DOUBLE)
275 static enum size_spec fp_type_size[MAX_FP_TYPE_SIZE + 1];
277 /* If non-zero, display usage information and exit. */
278 static int show_help;
280 /* If non-zero, print the version on standard output then exit. */
281 static int show_version;
283 static struct option const long_options[] =
286 {"skip-bytes", required_argument, NULL, 'j'},
287 {"address-radix", required_argument, NULL, 'A'},
288 {"read-bytes", required_argument, NULL, 'N'},
289 {"format", required_argument, NULL, 't'},
290 {"output-duplicates", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
292 /* non-POSIX options. */
293 {"strings", optional_argument, NULL, 's'},
294 {"traditional", no_argument, NULL, 'B'},
295 {"width", optional_argument, NULL, 'w'},
296 {"help", no_argument, &show_help, 1},
297 {"version", no_argument, &show_version, 1},
306 fprintf (stderr, "Try `%s --help' for more information.\n",
311 Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...\n\
312 or: %s --traditional [FILE] [[+]OFFSET [[+]LABEL]]\n\
314 program_name, program_name);
317 -A, --address-radix=RADIX decide how file offsets are printed\n\
318 -N, --read-bytes=BYTES limit dump to BYTES input bytes per file\n\
319 -j, --skip-bytes=BYTES skip BYTES input bytes first on each file\n\
320 -s, --strings[=BYTES] output strings of at least BYTES graphic chars\n\
321 -t, --format=TYPE select output format or formats\n\
322 -v, --output-duplicates do not use * to mark line suppression\n\
323 -w, --width[=BYTES] output BYTES bytes per output line\n\
324 --help display this help and exit\n\
325 --traditional accept arguments in pre-POSIX form\n\
326 --version output version information and exit\n\
328 Pre-POSIX format specifications may be intermixed, they accumulate:\n\
329 -a same as -t a, select named characters\n\
330 -b same as -t oC, select octal bytes\n\
331 -c same as -t c, select ASCII characters or backslash escapes\n\
332 -d same as -t u2, select unsigned decimal shorts\n\
333 -f same as -t fF, select floats\n\
334 -h same as -t x2, select hexadecimal shorts\n\
335 -i same as -t d2, select decimal shorts\n\
336 -l same as -t d4, select decimal longs\n\
337 -o same as -t o2, select octal shorts\n\
338 -x same as -t x2, select hexadecimal shorts\n\
342 For older syntax (second call format), OFFSET means -j OFFSET. LABEL\n\
343 is the pseudo-address at first byte printed, incremented when dump is\n\
344 progressing. For OFFSET and LABEL, a 0x or 0X prefix indicates\n\
345 hexadecimal, suffixes maybe . for octal and b multiply by 512.\n\
347 TYPE is made up of one or more of these specifications:\n\
350 c ASCII character or backslash escape\n\
351 d[SIZE] signed decimal, SIZE bytes per integer\n\
352 f[SIZE] floating point, SIZE bytes per integer\n\
353 o[SIZE] octal, SIZE bytes per integer\n\
354 u[SIZE] unsigned decimal, SIZE bytes per integer\n\
355 x[SIZE] hexadecimal, SIZE bytes per integer\n\
357 SIZE is a number. For TYPE in doux, SIZE may also be C for\n\
358 sizeof(char), S for sizeof(short), I for sizeof(int) or L for\n\
359 sizeof(long). If TYPE is f, SIZE may also be F for sizeof(float), D\n\
360 for sizeof(double) or L for sizeof(long double).\n\
362 RADIX is d for decimal, o for octal, x for hexadecimal or n for none.\n\
363 BYTES is hexadecimal with 0x or 0X prefix, it is multiplied by 512\n\
364 with b suffix, by 1024 with k and by 1048576 with m. -s without a\n\
365 number implies 3. -w without a number implies 32. By default, od\n\
366 uses -A o -t d2 -w 16. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard\n\
373 /* Compute the greatest common denominator of U and V
374 using Euclid's algorithm. */
391 /* Compute the least common multiple of U and V. */
398 unsigned int t = gcd (u, v);
405 print_s_char (n_bytes, block, fmt_string)
406 long unsigned int n_bytes;
408 const char *fmt_string;
411 for (i = n_bytes; i > 0; i--)
413 int tmp = (unsigned) *(const unsigned char *) block;
415 tmp -= SCHAR_MAX - SCHAR_MIN + 1;
416 assert (tmp <= SCHAR_MAX);
417 printf (fmt_string, tmp, (i == 1 ? '\n' : ' '));
418 block += sizeof (unsigned char);
423 print_char (n_bytes, block, fmt_string)
424 long unsigned int n_bytes;
426 const char *fmt_string;
429 for (i = n_bytes; i > 0; i--)
431 unsigned int tmp = *(const unsigned char *) block;
432 printf (fmt_string, tmp, (i == 1 ? '\n' : ' '));
433 block += sizeof (unsigned char);
438 print_s_short (n_bytes, block, fmt_string)
439 long unsigned int n_bytes;
441 const char *fmt_string;
444 for (i = n_bytes / sizeof (unsigned short); i > 0; i--)
446 int tmp = (unsigned) *(const unsigned short *) block;
448 tmp -= SHRT_MAX - SHRT_MIN + 1;
449 assert (tmp <= SHRT_MAX);
450 printf (fmt_string, tmp, (i == 1 ? '\n' : ' '));
451 block += sizeof (unsigned short);
455 print_short (n_bytes, block, fmt_string)
456 long unsigned int n_bytes;
458 const char *fmt_string;
461 for (i = n_bytes / sizeof (unsigned short); i > 0; i--)
463 unsigned int tmp = *(const unsigned short *) block;
464 printf (fmt_string, tmp, (i == 1 ? '\n' : ' '));
465 block += sizeof (unsigned short);
470 print_int (n_bytes, block, fmt_string)
471 long unsigned int n_bytes;
473 const char *fmt_string;
476 for (i = n_bytes / sizeof (unsigned int); i > 0; i--)
478 unsigned int tmp = *(const unsigned int *) block;
479 printf (fmt_string, tmp, (i == 1 ? '\n' : ' '));
480 block += sizeof (unsigned int);
485 print_long (n_bytes, block, fmt_string)
486 long unsigned int n_bytes;
488 const char *fmt_string;
491 for (i = n_bytes / sizeof (unsigned long); i > 0; i--)
493 unsigned long tmp = *(const unsigned long *) block;
494 printf (fmt_string, tmp, (i == 1 ? '\n' : ' '));
495 block += sizeof (unsigned long);
500 print_float (n_bytes, block, fmt_string)
501 long unsigned int n_bytes;
503 const char *fmt_string;
506 for (i = n_bytes / sizeof (float); i > 0; i--)
508 float tmp = *(const float *) block;
509 printf (fmt_string, tmp, (i == 1 ? '\n' : ' '));
510 block += sizeof (float);
515 print_double (n_bytes, block, fmt_string)
516 long unsigned int n_bytes;
518 const char *fmt_string;
521 for (i = n_bytes / sizeof (double); i > 0; i--)
523 double tmp = *(const double *) block;
524 printf (fmt_string, tmp, (i == 1 ? '\n' : ' '));
525 block += sizeof (double);
529 #ifdef HAVE_LONG_DOUBLE
531 print_long_double (n_bytes, block, fmt_string)
532 long unsigned int n_bytes;
534 const char *fmt_string;
537 for (i = n_bytes / sizeof (LONG_DOUBLE); i > 0; i--)
539 LONG_DOUBLE tmp = *(const LONG_DOUBLE *) block;
540 printf (fmt_string, tmp, (i == 1 ? '\n' : ' '));
541 block += sizeof (LONG_DOUBLE);
548 print_named_ascii (n_bytes, block, unused_fmt_string)
549 long unsigned int n_bytes;
551 const char *unused_fmt_string;
554 for (i = n_bytes; i > 0; i--)
556 unsigned int c = *(const unsigned char *) block;
557 unsigned int masked_c = (0x7f & c);
563 else if (masked_c <= 040)
564 s = charname[masked_c];
567 sprintf (buf, " %c", masked_c);
571 printf ("%3s%c", s, (i == 1 ? '\n' : ' '));
572 block += sizeof (unsigned char);
577 print_ascii (n_bytes, block, unused_fmt_string)
578 long unsigned int n_bytes;
580 const char *unused_fmt_string;
583 for (i = n_bytes; i > 0; i--)
585 unsigned int c = *(const unsigned char *) block;
624 sprintf (buf, (ISPRINT (c) ? " %c" : "%03o"), c);
625 s = (const char *) buf;
628 printf ("%3s%c", s, (i == 1 ? '\n' : ' '));
629 block += sizeof (unsigned char);
633 /* Convert a null-terminated (possibly zero-length) string S to an
634 unsigned long integer value. If S points to a non-digit set *P to S,
635 *VAL to 0, and return 0. Otherwise, accumulate the integer value of
636 the string of digits. If the string of digits represents a value
637 larger than ULONG_MAX, don't modify *VAL or *P and return non-zero.
638 Otherwise, advance *P to the first non-digit after S, set *VAL to
639 the result of the conversion and return zero. */
642 simple_strtoul (s, p, val)
645 long unsigned int *val;
647 unsigned long int sum;
652 unsigned int c = *s++ - '0';
653 if (sum > (ULONG_MAX - c) / 10)
662 /* If S points to a single valid POSIX-style od format string, put a
663 description of that format in *TSPEC, make *NEXT point at the character
664 following the just-decoded format (if *NEXT is non-NULL), and return
665 zero. If S is not valid, don't modify *NEXT or *TSPEC and return
666 non-zero. For example, if S were "d4afL" *NEXT would be set to "afL"
669 fmt = SIGNED_DECIMAL;
670 size = INT or LONG; (whichever integral_type_size[4] resolves to)
671 print_function = print_int; (assuming size == INT)
672 fmt_string = "%011d%c";
677 decode_one_format (s, next, tspec)
682 enum size_spec size_spec;
683 unsigned long int size;
684 enum output_format fmt;
685 const char *pre_fmt_string;
687 void (*print_function) ();
691 assert (tspec != NULL);
705 size = sizeof (char);
710 size = sizeof (short);
720 size = sizeof (long int);
724 if (simple_strtoul (s, &p, &size) != 0)
730 if (size > MAX_INTEGRAL_TYPE_SIZE
731 || integral_type_size[size] == NO_SIZE)
738 #define FMT_BYTES_ALLOCATED 9
739 fmt_string = xmalloc (FMT_BYTES_ALLOCATED);
741 size_spec = integral_type_size[size];
746 fmt = SIGNED_DECIMAL;
747 sprintf (fmt_string, "%%%u%sd%%c",
748 bytes_to_signed_dec_digits[size],
749 (size_spec == LONG ? "l" : ""));
754 sprintf (fmt_string, "%%0%u%so%%c",
755 bytes_to_oct_digits[size],
756 (size_spec == LONG ? "l" : ""));
760 fmt = UNSIGNED_DECIMAL;
761 sprintf (fmt_string, "%%%u%su%%c",
762 bytes_to_unsigned_dec_digits[size],
763 (size_spec == LONG ? "l" : ""));
768 sprintf (fmt_string, "%%0%u%sx%%c",
769 bytes_to_hex_digits[size],
770 (size_spec == LONG ? "l" : ""));
777 assert (strlen (fmt_string) < FMT_BYTES_ALLOCATED);
782 print_function = (fmt == SIGNED_DECIMAL
788 print_function = (fmt == SIGNED_DECIMAL
794 print_function = print_int;
798 print_function = print_long;
807 fmt = FLOATING_POINT;
813 size = sizeof (float);
818 size = sizeof (double);
823 size = sizeof (LONG_DOUBLE);
827 if (simple_strtoul (s, &p, &size) != 0)
830 size = sizeof (double);
833 if (size > MAX_FP_TYPE_SIZE
834 || fp_type_size[size] == NO_SIZE)
840 size_spec = fp_type_size[size];
845 print_function = print_float;
846 /* Don't use %#e; not all systems support it. */
847 pre_fmt_string = "%%%d.%de%%c";
848 fmt_string = xmalloc (strlen (pre_fmt_string));
849 sprintf (fmt_string, pre_fmt_string,
850 FLT_DIG + 8, FLT_DIG);
854 print_function = print_double;
855 pre_fmt_string = "%%%d.%de%%c";
856 fmt_string = xmalloc (strlen (pre_fmt_string));
857 sprintf (fmt_string, pre_fmt_string,
858 DBL_DIG + 8, DBL_DIG);
861 #ifdef HAVE_LONG_DOUBLE
862 case FLOAT_LONG_DOUBLE:
863 print_function = print_long_double;
864 pre_fmt_string = "%%%d.%dle%%c";
865 fmt_string = xmalloc (strlen (pre_fmt_string));
866 sprintf (fmt_string, pre_fmt_string,
867 LDBL_DIG + 8, LDBL_DIG);
878 fmt = NAMED_CHARACTER;
881 print_function = print_named_ascii;
889 print_function = print_ascii;
896 tspec->size = size_spec;
898 tspec->print_function = print_function;
899 tspec->fmt_string = fmt_string;
907 /* Decode the POSIX-style od format string S. Append the decoded
908 representation to the global array SPEC, reallocating SPEC if
909 necessary. Return zero if S is valid, non-zero otherwise. */
912 decode_format_string (s)
922 if (decode_one_format (s, &next, &tspec))
928 if (n_specs >= n_specs_allocated)
930 n_specs_allocated = 1 + (3 * n_specs_allocated) / 2;
931 spec = (struct tspec *) xrealloc (spec, (n_specs_allocated
932 * sizeof (struct tspec)));
935 memcpy ((char *) &spec[n_specs], (char *) &tspec, sizeof (struct tspec));
942 /* Given a list of one or more input filenames FILE_LIST, set the global
943 file pointer IN_STREAM to position N_SKIP in the concatenation of
944 those files. If any file operation fails or if there are fewer than
945 N_SKIP bytes in the combined input, give an error message and return
946 non-zero. When possible, use seek- rather than read operations to
947 advance IN_STREAM. A file name of "-" is interpreted as standard
957 for ( /* empty */ ; *file_list != NULL; ++file_list)
959 struct stat file_stats;
962 if (STREQ (*file_list, "-"))
964 input_filename = "standard input";
970 input_filename = *file_list;
971 in_stream = fopen (input_filename, "r");
972 if (in_stream == NULL)
974 error (0, errno, "%s", input_filename);
983 /* First try using fseek. For large offsets, this extra work is
984 worthwhile. If the offset is below some threshold it may be
985 more efficient to move the pointer by reading. There are two
986 issues when trying to use fseek:
987 - the file must be seekable.
988 - before seeking to the specified position, make sure
989 that the new position is in the current file.
990 Try to do that by getting file's size using fstat().
991 But that will work only for regular files and dirs. */
993 if (fstat (fileno (in_stream), &file_stats))
995 error (0, errno, "%s", input_filename);
1000 /* The st_size field is valid only for regular files and
1001 directories. FIXME: is the preceding true?
1002 If the number of bytes left to skip is at least as large as
1003 the size of the current file, we can decrement
1004 n_skip and go on to the next file. */
1005 if (S_ISREG (file_stats.st_mode) || S_ISDIR (file_stats.st_mode))
1007 if (n_skip >= file_stats.st_size)
1009 n_skip -= file_stats.st_size;
1010 if (in_stream != stdin && fclose (in_stream) == EOF)
1012 error (0, errno, "%s", input_filename);
1019 if (fseek (in_stream, n_skip, SEEK_SET) == 0)
1027 /* fseek didn't work or wasn't attempted; do it the slow way. */
1029 for (j = n_skip / BUFSIZ; j >= 0; j--)
1032 size_t n_bytes_to_read = (j > 0
1035 size_t n_bytes_read;
1036 n_bytes_read = fread (buf, 1, n_bytes_to_read, in_stream);
1037 n_skip -= n_bytes_read;
1038 if (n_bytes_read != n_bytes_to_read)
1047 error (2, 0, "cannot skip past end of combined input");
1053 format_address_none (address)
1054 long unsigned int address;
1060 format_address_std (address)
1061 long unsigned int address;
1063 const char *address_string;
1065 sprintf (address_fmt_buffer, output_address_fmt_string, address);
1066 address_string = address_fmt_buffer;
1067 return address_string;
1071 format_address_label (address)
1072 long unsigned int address;
1074 const char *address_string;
1075 assert (output_address_fmt_string != NULL);
1077 sprintf (address_fmt_buffer, output_address_fmt_string,
1078 address, address + pseudo_offset);
1079 address_string = address_fmt_buffer;
1080 return address_string;
1083 /* Write N_BYTES bytes from CURR_BLOCK to standard output once for each
1084 of the N_SPEC format specs. CURRENT_OFFSET is the byte address of
1085 CURR_BLOCK in the concatenation of input files, and it is printed
1086 (optionally) only before the output line associated with the first
1087 format spec. When duplicate blocks are being abbreviated, the output
1088 for a sequence of identical input blocks is the output for the first
1089 block followed by an asterisk alone on a line. It is valid to compare
1090 the blocks PREV_BLOCK and CURR_BLOCK only when N_BYTES == BYTES_PER_BLOCK.
1091 That condition may be false only for the last input block -- and then
1092 only when it has not been padded to length BYTES_PER_BLOCK. */
1095 write_block (current_offset, n_bytes, prev_block, curr_block)
1096 long unsigned int current_offset;
1097 long unsigned int n_bytes;
1098 const char *prev_block;
1099 const char *curr_block;
1101 static int first = 1;
1102 static int prev_pair_equal = 0;
1104 #define EQUAL_BLOCKS(b1, b2) (memcmp ((b1), (b2), bytes_per_block) == 0)
1106 if (abbreviate_duplicate_blocks
1107 && !first && n_bytes == bytes_per_block
1108 && EQUAL_BLOCKS (prev_block, curr_block))
1110 if (prev_pair_equal)
1112 /* The two preceding blocks were equal, and the current
1113 block is the same as the last one, so print nothing. */
1118 prev_pair_equal = 1;
1125 prev_pair_equal = 0;
1126 for (i = 0; i < n_specs; i++)
1128 printf ("%s ", (i == 0
1129 ? format_address (current_offset)
1131 (*spec[i].print_function) (n_bytes, curr_block, spec[i].fmt_string);
1137 /* Test whether there have been errors on in_stream, and close it if
1138 it is not standard input. Return non-zero if there has been an error
1139 on in_stream or stdout; return zero otherwise. This function will
1140 report more than one error only if both a read and a write error
1149 if (ferror (in_stream))
1151 error (0, errno, "%s", input_filename);
1152 if (in_stream != stdin)
1156 else if (in_stream != stdin && fclose (in_stream) == EOF)
1158 error (0, errno, "%s", input_filename);
1162 if (ferror (stdout))
1164 error (0, errno, "standard output");
1171 /* Read a single byte into *C from the concatenation of the input files
1172 named in the global array FILE_LIST. On the first call to this
1173 function, the global variable IN_STREAM is expected to be an open
1174 stream associated with the input file *FILE_LIST. If IN_STREAM is
1175 at end-of-file, close it and update the global variables IN_STREAM,
1176 FILE_LIST, and INPUT_FILENAME so they correspond to the next file in
1177 the list. Then try to read a byte from the newly opened file.
1178 Repeat if necessary until *FILE_LIST is NULL. When EOF is reached
1179 for the last file in FILE_LIST, set *C to EOF and return. Subsequent
1180 calls do likewise. The return value is non-zero if any errors
1181 occured, zero otherwise. */
1189 if (*file_list == NULL)
1198 *c = fgetc (in_stream);
1203 err |= check_and_close ();
1208 if (*file_list == NULL)
1211 if (STREQ (*file_list, "-"))
1213 input_filename = "standard input";
1215 have_read_stdin = 1;
1219 input_filename = *file_list;
1220 in_stream = fopen (input_filename, "r");
1221 if (in_stream == NULL)
1223 error (0, errno, "%s", input_filename);
1228 while (in_stream == NULL);
1232 /* Read N bytes into BLOCK from the concatenation of the input files
1233 named in the global array FILE_LIST. On the first call to this
1234 function, the global variable IN_STREAM is expected to be an open
1235 stream associated with the input file *FILE_LIST. On subsequent
1236 calls, if *FILE_LIST is NULL, don't modify BLOCK and return zero.
1237 If all N bytes cannot be read from IN_STREAM, close IN_STREAM and
1238 update the global variables IN_STREAM, FILE_LIST, and INPUT_FILENAME.
1239 Then try to read the remaining bytes from the newly opened file.
1240 Repeat if necessary until *FILE_LIST is NULL. Set *N_BYTES_IN_BUFFER
1241 to the number of bytes read. If an error occurs, it will be detected
1242 through ferror when the stream is about to be closed. If there is an
1243 error, give a message but continue reading as usual and return non-zero.
1244 Otherwise return zero. */
1247 read_block (n, block, n_bytes_in_buffer)
1250 size_t *n_bytes_in_buffer;
1254 assert (n > 0 && n <= bytes_per_block);
1256 *n_bytes_in_buffer = 0;
1261 if (*file_list == NULL)
1262 return 0; /* EOF. */
1270 n_needed = n - *n_bytes_in_buffer;
1271 n_read = fread (block + *n_bytes_in_buffer, 1, n_needed, in_stream);
1273 *n_bytes_in_buffer += n_read;
1275 if (n_read == n_needed)
1278 err |= check_and_close ();
1283 if (*file_list == NULL)
1286 if (STREQ (*file_list, "-"))
1288 input_filename = "standard input";
1290 have_read_stdin = 1;
1294 input_filename = *file_list;
1295 in_stream = fopen (input_filename, "r");
1296 if (in_stream == NULL)
1298 error (0, errno, "%s", input_filename);
1303 while (in_stream == NULL);
1307 /* Return the least common multiple of the sizes associated
1308 with the format specs. */
1316 for (i = 0; i < n_specs; i++)
1317 l_c_m = lcm (l_c_m, width_bytes[(int) spec[i].size]);
1321 /* If S is a valid pre-POSIX offset specification with an optional leading '+'
1322 return the offset it denotes. Otherwise, return -1. */
1325 parse_old_offset (s)
1331 long unsigned int tmp;
1336 /* Skip over any leading '+'. */
1340 /* Determine the radix we'll use to interpret S. If there is a `.',
1341 it's decimal, otherwise, if the string begins with `0X'or `0x',
1342 it's hexadecimal, else octal. */
1343 if (index (s, '.') != NULL)
1347 if (s[0] == '0' && (s[1] == 'x' || s[1] == 'X'))
1353 s_err = xstrtoul (s, NULL, radix, &tmp, "Bb");
1354 if (s_err != LONGINT_OK)
1356 STRTOL_FAIL_WARN (s, "old-style offset", s_err);
1363 /* Read a chunk of size BYTES_PER_BLOCK from the input files, write the
1364 formatted block to standard output, and repeat until the specified
1365 maximum number of bytes has been read or until all input has been
1366 processed. If the last block read is smaller than BYTES_PER_BLOCK
1367 and its size is not a multiple of the size associated with a format
1368 spec, extend the input block with zero bytes until its length is a
1369 multiple of all format spec sizes. Write the final block. Finally,
1370 write on a line by itself the offset of the byte after the last byte
1371 read. Accumulate return values from calls to read_block and
1372 check_and_close, and if any was non-zero, return non-zero.
1373 Otherwise, return zero. */
1379 off_t current_offset;
1383 size_t n_bytes_read;
1385 #ifdef lint /* Suppress `used before initialized' warning. */
1389 block[0] = (char *) alloca (bytes_per_block);
1390 block[1] = (char *) alloca (bytes_per_block);
1392 current_offset = n_bytes_to_skip;
1396 if (limit_bytes_to_format)
1398 end_offset = n_bytes_to_skip + max_bytes_to_format;
1401 while (current_offset < end_offset)
1404 n_needed = MIN (end_offset - current_offset, bytes_per_block);
1405 err |= read_block (n_needed, block[idx], &n_bytes_read);
1406 if (n_bytes_read < bytes_per_block)
1408 assert (n_bytes_read == bytes_per_block);
1409 write_block (current_offset, n_bytes_read,
1410 block[!idx], block[idx]);
1411 current_offset += n_bytes_read;
1419 err |= read_block (bytes_per_block, block[idx], &n_bytes_read);
1420 if (n_bytes_read < bytes_per_block)
1422 assert (n_bytes_read == bytes_per_block);
1423 write_block (current_offset, n_bytes_read,
1424 block[!idx], block[idx]);
1425 current_offset += n_bytes_read;
1430 if (n_bytes_read > 0)
1433 size_t bytes_to_write;
1437 /* Make bytes_to_write the smallest multiple of l_c_m that
1438 is at least as large as n_bytes_read. */
1439 bytes_to_write = l_c_m * (int) ((n_bytes_read + l_c_m - 1) / l_c_m);
1441 memset (block[idx] + n_bytes_read, 0, bytes_to_write - n_bytes_read);
1442 write_block (current_offset, bytes_to_write,
1443 block[!idx], block[idx]);
1444 current_offset += n_bytes_read;
1447 if (output_address_fmt_string != NULL)
1448 printf ("%s\n", format_address (current_offset));
1450 if (limit_bytes_to_format && current_offset > end_offset)
1451 err |= check_and_close ();
1456 /* STRINGS mode. Find each "string constant" in the input.
1457 A string constant is a run of at least `string_min' ASCII
1458 graphic (or formatting) characters terminated by a null.
1459 Based on a function written by Richard Stallman for a
1460 pre-POSIX version of od. Return non-zero if an error
1461 occurs. Otherwise, return zero. */
1466 int bufsize = MAX (100, string_min);
1467 char *buf = xmalloc (bufsize);
1468 off_t address = n_bytes_to_skip;
1477 /* See if the next `string_min' chars are all printing chars. */
1480 if (limit_bytes_to_format
1481 && address >= (n_bytes_to_skip + max_bytes_to_format - string_min))
1484 for (i = 0; i < string_min; i++)
1486 err |= read_char (&c);
1494 /* Found a non-printing. Try again starting with next char. */
1499 /* We found a run of `string_min' printable characters.
1500 Now see if it is terminated with a null byte. */
1501 while (!limit_bytes_to_format
1502 || address < n_bytes_to_skip + max_bytes_to_format)
1506 bufsize = 1 + 3 * bufsize / 2;
1507 buf = xrealloc (buf, bufsize);
1509 err |= read_char (&c);
1517 break; /* It is; print this string. */
1519 goto tryline; /* It isn't; give up on this string. */
1520 buf[i++] = c; /* String continues; store it all. */
1523 /* If we get here, the string is all printable and null-terminated,
1524 so print it. It is all in `buf' and `i' is its length. */
1526 if (output_address_fmt_string != NULL)
1528 printf ("%s ", format_address (address - i - 1));
1530 for (i = 0; (c = buf[i]); i++)
1535 fputs ("\\a", stdout);
1539 fputs ("\\b", stdout);
1543 fputs ("\\f", stdout);
1547 fputs ("\\n", stdout);
1551 fputs ("\\r", stdout);
1555 fputs ("\\t", stdout);
1559 fputs ("\\v", stdout);
1569 /* We reach this point only if we search through
1570 (max_bytes_to_format - string_min) bytes before reachine EOF. */
1574 err |= check_and_close ();
1587 unsigned int address_pad_len;
1588 unsigned long int desired_width;
1589 int width_specified = 0;
1592 /* The old-style `pseudo starting address' to be printed in parentheses
1593 after any true address. */
1594 long int pseudo_start;
1596 #ifdef lint /* Suppress `used before initialized' warning. */
1600 program_name = argv[0];
1603 for (i = 0; i <= MAX_INTEGRAL_TYPE_SIZE; i++)
1604 integral_type_size[i] = NO_SIZE;
1606 integral_type_size[sizeof (char)] = CHAR;
1607 integral_type_size[sizeof (short int)] = SHORT;
1608 integral_type_size[sizeof (int)] = INT;
1609 integral_type_size[sizeof (long int)] = LONG;
1611 for (i = 0; i <= MAX_FP_TYPE_SIZE; i++)
1612 fp_type_size[i] = NO_SIZE;
1614 fp_type_size[sizeof (float)] = FLOAT_SINGLE;
1615 /* The array entry for `double' is filled in after that for LONG_DOUBLE
1616 so that if `long double' is the same type or if long double isn't
1617 supported FLOAT_LONG_DOUBLE will never be used. */
1618 fp_type_size[sizeof (LONG_DOUBLE)] = FLOAT_LONG_DOUBLE;
1619 fp_type_size[sizeof (double)] = FLOAT_DOUBLE;
1622 n_specs_allocated = 5;
1623 spec = (struct tspec *) xmalloc (n_specs_allocated * sizeof (struct tspec));
1625 output_address_fmt_string = "%07o";
1626 format_address = format_address_std;
1627 address_pad_len = 7;
1628 flag_dump_strings = 0;
1630 while ((c = getopt_long (argc, argv, "abcdfhilos::xw::A:j:N:t:v",
1631 long_options, (int *) 0))
1634 unsigned long int tmp;
1635 strtoul_error s_err;
1646 output_address_fmt_string = "%07d";
1647 format_address = format_address_std;
1648 address_pad_len = 7;
1651 output_address_fmt_string = "%07o";
1652 format_address = format_address_std;
1653 address_pad_len = 7;
1656 output_address_fmt_string = "%06x";
1657 format_address = format_address_std;
1658 address_pad_len = 6;
1661 output_address_fmt_string = NULL;
1662 format_address = format_address_none;
1663 address_pad_len = 0;
1667 "invalid output address radix `%c'; it must be one character from [doxn]",
1674 s_err = xstrtoul (optarg, NULL, 0, &tmp, "bkm");
1675 n_bytes_to_skip = tmp;
1676 if (s_err != LONGINT_OK)
1677 STRTOL_FATAL_ERROR (optarg, "skip argument", s_err);
1681 limit_bytes_to_format = 1;
1683 s_err = xstrtoul (optarg, NULL, 0, &max_bytes_to_format, "bkm");
1684 if (s_err != LONGINT_OK)
1685 STRTOL_FATAL_ERROR (optarg, "limit argument", s_err);
1693 s_err = xstrtoul (optarg, NULL, 0, &string_min, "bkm");
1694 if (s_err != LONGINT_OK)
1695 STRTOL_FATAL_ERROR (optarg, "minimum string length", s_err);
1697 ++flag_dump_strings;
1701 if (decode_format_string (optarg))
1702 error (2, 0, "invalid type string `%s'", optarg);
1706 abbreviate_duplicate_blocks = 0;
1713 /* The next several cases map the old, pre-POSIX format
1714 specification options to the corresponding POSIX format
1715 specs. GNU od accepts any combination of old- and
1716 new-style options. Format specification options accumulate. */
1718 #define CASE_OLD_ARG(old_char,new_string) \
1722 tmp = decode_format_string (new_string); \
1723 assert (tmp == 0); \
1727 CASE_OLD_ARG ('a', "a");
1728 CASE_OLD_ARG ('b', "oC");
1729 CASE_OLD_ARG ('c', "c");
1730 CASE_OLD_ARG ('d', "u2");
1731 CASE_OLD_ARG ('f', "fF");
1732 CASE_OLD_ARG ('h', "x2");
1733 CASE_OLD_ARG ('i', "d2");
1734 CASE_OLD_ARG ('l', "d4");
1735 CASE_OLD_ARG ('o', "o2");
1736 CASE_OLD_ARG ('x', "x2");
1741 width_specified = 1;
1748 s_err = xstrtoul (optarg, NULL, 10, &desired_width, NULL);
1749 if (s_err != LONGINT_OK)
1750 STRTOL_FATAL_ERROR (optarg, "width specification", s_err);
1762 printf ("od - %s\n", version_string);
1769 if (flag_dump_strings && n_specs > 0)
1770 error (2, 0, "no type may be specified when dumping strings");
1772 n_files = argc - optind;
1774 /* If the --backward-compatible option is used, there may be from
1775 0 to 3 remaining command line arguments; handle each case
1777 od [file] [[+]offset[.][b] [[+]label[.][b]]]
1778 The offset and pseudo_start have the same syntax. */
1786 if ((offset = parse_old_offset (argv[optind])) >= 0)
1788 n_bytes_to_skip = offset;
1793 else if (n_files == 2)
1796 if ((o1 = parse_old_offset (argv[optind])) >= 0
1797 && (o2 = parse_old_offset (argv[optind + 1])) >= 0)
1799 n_bytes_to_skip = o1;
1800 flag_pseudo_start = 1;
1805 else if ((o2 = parse_old_offset (argv[optind + 1])) >= 0)
1807 n_bytes_to_skip = o2;
1809 argv[optind + 1] = argv[optind];
1815 "invalid second operand in compatibility mode `%s'",
1820 else if (n_files == 3)
1823 if ((o1 = parse_old_offset (argv[optind + 1])) >= 0
1824 && (o2 = parse_old_offset (argv[optind + 2])) >= 0)
1826 n_bytes_to_skip = o1;
1827 flag_pseudo_start = 1;
1829 argv[optind + 2] = argv[optind];
1836 "in compatibility mode the last 2 arguments must be offsets");
1843 "in compatibility mode there may be no more than 3 arguments");
1847 if (flag_pseudo_start)
1849 static char buf[10];
1851 if (output_address_fmt_string == NULL)
1853 output_address_fmt_string = "(%07o)";
1854 format_address = format_address_std;
1858 sprintf (buf, "%s (%s)",
1859 output_address_fmt_string,
1860 output_address_fmt_string);
1861 output_address_fmt_string = buf;
1862 format_address = format_address_label;
1867 assert (address_pad_len <= MAX_ADDRESS_LENGTH);
1868 for (i = 0; i < address_pad_len; i++)
1869 address_pad[i] = ' ';
1870 address_pad[address_pad_len] = '\0';
1874 int d_err = decode_one_format ("o2", NULL, &(spec[0]));
1876 assert (d_err == 0);
1881 file_list = (char const *const *) &argv[optind];
1884 /* If no files were listed on the command line, set up the
1885 global array FILE_LIST so that it contains the null-terminated
1886 list of one name: "-". */
1887 static char const *const default_file_list[] = {"-", NULL};
1889 file_list = default_file_list;
1892 err |= skip (n_bytes_to_skip);
1893 if (in_stream == NULL)
1896 pseudo_offset = (flag_pseudo_start ? pseudo_start - n_bytes_to_skip : 0);
1898 /* Compute output block length. */
1901 if (width_specified)
1903 if (desired_width != 0 && desired_width % l_c_m == 0)
1904 bytes_per_block = desired_width;
1907 error (0, 0, "warning: invalid width %lu; using %d instead",
1908 desired_width, l_c_m);
1909 bytes_per_block = l_c_m;
1914 if (l_c_m < DEFAULT_BYTES_PER_BLOCK)
1915 bytes_per_block = l_c_m * (int) (DEFAULT_BYTES_PER_BLOCK / l_c_m);
1917 bytes_per_block = l_c_m;
1921 for (i = 0; i < n_specs; i++)
1923 printf ("%d: fmt=\"%s\" width=%d\n",
1924 i, spec[i].fmt_string, width_bytes[spec[i].size]);
1928 err |= (flag_dump_strings ? dump_strings () : dump ());
1932 if (have_read_stdin && fclose (stdin) == EOF)
1933 error (2, errno, "standard input");
1935 if (fclose (stdout) == EOF)
1936 error (2, errno, "write error");