2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier
5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY
19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
28 #include <sys/param.h>
31 #include <sys/fdcio.h>
33 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
34 #include <sys/mount.h>
38 #include <linux/hdreg.h>
56 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */
57 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */
58 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */
60 #define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */
61 #define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */
62 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */
63 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */
64 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */
65 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */
66 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */
67 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */
68 #define MINCLS12 1 /* minimum FAT12 clusters */
69 #define MINCLS16 0x1000 /* minimum FAT16 clusters */
70 #define MINCLS32 2 /* minimum FAT32 clusters */
71 #define MAXCLS12 0xfed /* maximum FAT12 clusters */
72 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff5 /* maximum FAT16 clusters */
73 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff5 /* maximum FAT32 clusters */
75 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \
76 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \
79 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \
80 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \
87 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \
88 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010)
91 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \
92 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \
93 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \
94 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030)
96 #define argto1(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xff, msg)
97 #define argto2(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffff, msg)
98 #define argto4(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffffffff, msg)
99 #define argtox(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, UINT_MAX, msg)
101 #define __unused __attribute__((__unused__))
104 u_int8_t jmp[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */
105 u_int8_t oem[8]; /* OEM name and version */
109 u_int8_t bps[2]; /* bytes per sector */
110 u_int8_t spc; /* sectors per cluster */
111 u_int8_t res[2]; /* reserved sectors */
112 u_int8_t nft; /* number of FATs */
113 u_int8_t rde[2]; /* root directory entries */
114 u_int8_t sec[2]; /* total sectors */
115 u_int8_t mid; /* media descriptor */
116 u_int8_t spf[2]; /* sectors per FAT */
117 u_int8_t spt[2]; /* sectors per track */
118 u_int8_t hds[2]; /* drive heads */
119 u_int8_t hid[4]; /* hidden sectors */
120 u_int8_t bsec[4]; /* big total sectors */
124 u_int8_t bspf[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */
125 u_int8_t xflg[2]; /* FAT control flags */
126 u_int8_t vers[2]; /* file system version */
127 u_int8_t rdcl[4]; /* root directory start cluster */
128 u_int8_t infs[2]; /* file system info sector */
129 u_int8_t bkbs[2]; /* backup boot sector */
130 u_int8_t rsvd[12]; /* reserved */
134 u_int8_t drv; /* drive number */
135 u_int8_t rsvd; /* reserved */
136 u_int8_t sig; /* extended boot signature */
137 u_int8_t volid[4]; /* volume ID number */
138 u_int8_t label[11]; /* volume label */
139 u_int8_t type[8]; /* file system type */
143 u_int8_t namext[11]; /* name and extension */
144 u_int8_t attr; /* attributes */
145 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */
146 u_int8_t time[2]; /* creation time */
147 u_int8_t date[2]; /* creation date */
148 u_int8_t clus[2]; /* starting cluster */
149 u_int8_t size[4]; /* size */
153 u_int bps; /* bytes per sector */
154 u_int spc; /* sectors per cluster */
155 u_int res; /* reserved sectors */
156 u_int nft; /* number of FATs */
157 u_int rde; /* root directory entries */
158 u_int sec; /* total sectors */
159 u_int mid; /* media descriptor */
160 u_int spf; /* sectors per FAT */
161 u_int spt; /* sectors per track */
162 u_int hds; /* drive heads */
163 u_int hid; /* hidden sectors */
164 u_int bsec; /* big total sectors */
165 u_int bspf; /* big sectors per FAT */
166 u_int rdcl; /* root directory start cluster */
167 u_int infs; /* file system info sector */
168 u_int bkbs; /* backup boot sector */
171 #define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
177 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1, BPBGAP}},
178 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1, BPBGAP}},
179 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
180 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2, BPBGAP}},
181 {"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
182 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2, BPBGAP}},
183 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}},
184 {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
185 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}},
186 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}}
189 static const u_int8_t bootcode[] = {
191 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */
192 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */
193 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */
195 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */
196 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */
198 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */
199 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */
202 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */
203 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */
204 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */
205 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */
206 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */
207 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */
208 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */
209 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */
211 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't',
212 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k',
214 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n',
215 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o',
216 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't',
221 static void check_mounted(const char *, mode_t);
222 static void getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *);
223 static void getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int,
225 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *);
226 static u_int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *);
227 static u_int argtou(const char *, u_int, u_int, const char *);
228 static off_t argtooff(const char *, const char *);
229 static int oklabel(const char *);
230 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *);
231 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t);
232 static void usage(void);
235 * Construct a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system.
237 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
239 static const char opts[] = "@:NB:C:F:I:L:O:S:a:b:c:e:f:h:i:k:m:n:o:r:s:u:";
240 const char *opt_B = NULL, *opt_L = NULL, *opt_O = NULL, *opt_f = NULL;
241 u_int opt_F = 0, opt_I = 0, opt_S = 0, opt_a = 0, opt_b = 0, opt_c = 0;
242 u_int opt_e = 0, opt_h = 0, opt_i = 0, opt_k = 0, opt_m = 0, opt_n = 0;
243 u_int opt_o = 0, opt_r = 0, opt_s = 0, opt_u = 0;
245 int Iflag = 0, mflag = 0, oflag = 0;
246 char buf[MAXPATHLEN];
253 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb;
257 const char *fname, *dtype, *bname;
260 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2;
262 off_t opt_create = 0, opt_ofs = 0;
264 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opts)) != -1)
267 opt_ofs = argtooff(optarg, "offset");
276 opt_create = argtooff(optarg, "create size");
279 if (strcmp(optarg, "12") &&
280 strcmp(optarg, "16") &&
281 strcmp(optarg, "32"))
282 errx(1, "%s: bad FAT type", optarg);
283 opt_F = atoi(optarg);
286 opt_I = argto4(optarg, 0, "volume ID");
290 if (!oklabel(optarg))
291 errx(1, "%s: bad volume label", optarg);
295 if (strlen(optarg) > 8)
296 errx(1, "%s: bad OEM string", optarg);
300 opt_S = argto2(optarg, 1, "bytes/sector");
303 opt_a = argto4(optarg, 1, "sectors/FAT");
306 opt_b = argtox(optarg, 1, "block size");
310 opt_c = argto1(optarg, 1, "sectors/cluster");
314 opt_e = argto2(optarg, 1, "directory entries");
320 opt_h = argto2(optarg, 1, "drive heads");
323 opt_i = argto2(optarg, 1, "info sector");
326 opt_k = argto2(optarg, 1, "backup sector");
329 opt_m = argto1(optarg, 0, "media descriptor");
333 opt_n = argto1(optarg, 1, "number of FATs");
336 opt_o = argto4(optarg, 0, "hidden sectors");
340 opt_r = argto2(optarg, 1, "reserved sectors");
343 opt_s = argto4(optarg, 1, "file system size");
346 opt_u = argto2(optarg, 1, "sectors/track");
353 if (argc < 1 || argc > 2)
356 if (!opt_create && !strchr(fname, '/')) {
357 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, fname);
358 if (!(fname = strdup(buf)))
364 errx(1, "create (-C) is incompatible with -N");
365 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
367 errx(1, "failed to create %s", fname);
368 if (ftruncate(fd, opt_create))
369 errx(1, "failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)opt_create);
370 } else if ((fd = open(fname, opt_N ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1)
375 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))
376 warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname);
378 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode))
379 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname);
382 check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode);
383 if (opt_ofs && opt_ofs != lseek(fd, opt_ofs, SEEK_SET))
384 errx(1, "cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)opt_ofs);
385 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb));
387 getstdfmt(opt_f, &bpb);
403 if (!(opt_f || (opt_h && opt_u && opt_S && opt_s && oflag))) {
405 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, oflag, &bpb);
409 bpb.bsec -= (opt_ofs / bpb.bps);
410 delta = bpb.bsec % bpb.spt;
412 warnx("trim %d sectors from %d to adjust to a multiple of %d",
413 (int)delta, bpb.bsec, bpb.spt);
416 if (bpb.spc == 0) { /* set defaults */
417 if (bpb.bsec <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */
419 else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */
421 else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */
423 else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<22)) /* 2G -> 16k, some versions of windows
424 require a minimum of 65527 clusters */
427 bpb.spc = 64; /* otherwise 32k */
430 if (!powerof2(bpb.bps))
431 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bps);
432 if (bpb.bps < MINBPS)
433 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
435 if (!(fat = opt_F)) {
438 else if (!opt_e && (opt_i || opt_k))
441 if ((fat == 32 && opt_e) || (fat != 32 && (opt_i || opt_k)))
442 errx(1, "-%c is not a legal FAT%s option",
443 fat == 32 ? 'e' : opt_i ? 'i' : 'k',
444 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16");
445 if (opt_f && fat == 32)
448 if (!powerof2(opt_b))
449 errx(1, "block size (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_b);
451 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
453 if (opt_b > bpb.bps * MAXSPC)
454 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
455 opt_b, bpb.bps * MAXSPC);
456 bpb.spc = opt_b / bpb.bps;
459 if (!powerof2(opt_c))
460 errx(1, "sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_c);
467 errx(1, "number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
475 errx(1, "illegal media descriptor (%#x)", opt_m);
489 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) {
490 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname);
491 if (!(bname = strdup(buf)))
494 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb))
496 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bps ||
497 sb.st_size < bpb.bps || sb.st_size > bpb.bps * MAXU16)
498 errx(1, "%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname);
499 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bps;
504 if (bpb.bsec < (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) +
505 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) *
506 ((bpb.spc ? 16 : 12) / BPN), bpb.bps * NPB) *
508 howmany(bpb.rde ? bpb.rde : DEFRDE,
509 bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) +
510 (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) *
511 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bps)))
513 else if (bpb.rde || bpb.bsec <
514 (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) +
515 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bps) * bpb.nft +
516 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) +
518 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(8192, bpb.bps)))
526 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bkbs)
527 errx(1, "no room for info sector");
530 if (bpb.infs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.infs)
534 errx(1, "no room for backup sector");
536 } else if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && bpb.bkbs == bpb.infs)
537 errx(1, "backup sector would overwrite info sector");
538 if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bkbs)
542 bpb.res = fat == 32 ? MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bps, 4)) : x;
543 else if (bpb.res < x)
544 errx(1, "too few reserved sectors");
545 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.rde)
547 rds = howmany(bpb.rde, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de));
549 for (bpb.spc = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : DEFBLK, bpb.bps);
552 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN),
553 bpb.bps * NPB) * bpb.nft +
555 (u_int64_t)(maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.spc <= bpb.bsec;
557 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bspf > MAXU16)
558 errx(1, "too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16");
560 x = bpb.bspf ? bpb.bspf : 1;
561 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.nft > bpb.bsec)
562 errx(1, "meta data exceeds file system size");
564 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bsec - x1) * bpb.bps * NPB /
565 (bpb.spc * bpb.bps * NPB + fat / BPN * bpb.nft);
566 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN),
570 x1 += (bpb.bspf - 1) * bpb.nft;
572 cls = (bpb.bsec - x1) / bpb.spc;
573 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bspf * bpb.bps * NPB / (fat / BPN) - RESFTE;
577 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters",
579 if (cls < mincls(fat))
580 errx(1, "%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat,
582 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) {
584 bpb.bsec = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.spc - 1;
585 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors",
588 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s "
589 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.spc,
590 cls * bpb.spc == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat,
591 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bps * bpb.spc);
593 bpb.mid = !bpb.hid ? 0xf0 : 0xf8;
596 if (bpb.hid + bpb.bsec <= MAXU16) {
606 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
608 tm = localtime(&now);
609 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bps)))
610 err(1, "%u", bpb.bps);
611 dir = bpb.res + (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf) * bpb.nft;
612 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.spc : rds); lsn++) {
615 fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 &&
616 bss <= bpb.bkbs && x >= bpb.bkbs) {
618 if (!x && lseek(fd1, opt_ofs, SEEK_SET))
621 if (opt_B && x < bss) {
622 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bps)) == -1)
624 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bps)
625 errx(1, "%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x);
627 memset(img, 0, bpb.bps);
629 (fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && lsn == bpb.bkbs)) {
630 x1 = sizeof(struct bs);
631 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1);
632 mk2(bsbpb->bps, bpb.bps);
633 mk1(bsbpb->spc, bpb.spc);
634 mk2(bsbpb->res, bpb.res);
635 mk1(bsbpb->nft, bpb.nft);
636 mk2(bsbpb->rde, bpb.rde);
637 mk2(bsbpb->sec, bpb.sec);
638 mk1(bsbpb->mid, bpb.mid);
639 mk2(bsbpb->spf, bpb.spf);
640 mk2(bsbpb->spt, bpb.spt);
641 mk2(bsbpb->hds, bpb.hds);
642 mk4(bsbpb->hid, bpb.hid);
643 mk4(bsbpb->bsec, bpb.bsec);
644 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb);
646 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1);
647 mk4(bsxbpb->bspf, bpb.bspf);
648 mk2(bsxbpb->xflg, 0);
649 mk2(bsxbpb->vers, 0);
650 mk4(bsxbpb->rdcl, bpb.rdcl);
651 mk2(bsxbpb->infs, bpb.infs);
652 mk2(bsxbpb->bkbs, bpb.bkbs);
653 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb);
655 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1);
660 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 |
661 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) +
662 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 |
663 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 |
664 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) +
665 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 |
668 mklabel(bsx->label, opt_L ? opt_L : "NO NAME");
669 sprintf(buf, "FAT%u", fat);
670 setstr(bsx->type, buf, sizeof(bsx->type));
672 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx);
673 bs = (struct bs *)img;
674 mk1(bs->jmp[0], 0xeb);
675 mk1(bs->jmp[1], x1 - 2);
676 mk1(bs->jmp[2], 0x90);
677 setstr(bs->oem, opt_O ? opt_O : "BSD 4.4",
679 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode));
680 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
682 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.infs != MAXU16 &&
684 (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 &&
685 lsn == bpb.bkbs + bpb.infs))) {
686 mk4(img, 0x41615252);
687 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272);
688 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff);
689 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, bpb.rdcl);
690 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
691 } else if (lsn >= bpb.res && lsn < dir &&
693 (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf))) {
694 mk1(img[0], bpb.mid);
695 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++)
696 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff);
697 } else if (lsn == dir && opt_L) {
698 de = (struct de *)img;
699 mklabel(de->namext, opt_L);
701 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 |
702 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 |
703 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1;
705 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 |
706 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 |
710 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bps)) == -1)
712 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bps) {
713 errx(1, "%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn);
722 * Exit with error if file system is mounted.
725 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode)
728 warnx("Skipping mount checks");
735 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT)))
736 err(1, "getmntinfo");
737 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV);
739 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len))
741 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r';
743 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname;
744 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len))
746 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) ||
748 errx(1, "%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname);
754 * Get a standard format.
757 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb)
761 x = sizeof(stdfmt) / sizeof(stdfmt[0]);
762 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++);
764 errx(1, "%s: unknown standard format", fmt);
765 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb;
769 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information.
774 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag,
777 struct hd_geometry geom;
779 if (ioctl(fd, BLKSSZGET, &bpb->bps)) {
780 fprintf(stderr, "Error getting bytes / sector (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
784 ckgeom(fname, bpb->bps, "bytes/sector");
786 if (ioctl(fd, BLKGETSIZE, &bpb->bsec)) {
787 fprintf(stderr, "Error getting blocksize (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
791 if (ioctl(fd, HDIO_GETGEO, &geom)) {
792 fprintf(stderr, "Error getting gemoetry (%s) - trying sane values\n", strerror(errno));
798 printf("Bogus heads from kernel - setting sane value\n");
803 printf("Bogus sectors from kernel - setting sane value\n");
807 bpb->spt = geom.sectors;
808 ckgeom(fname, bpb->spt, "sectors/track");
810 bpb->hds = geom.heads;
811 ckgeom(fname, bpb->hds, "drive heads");
817 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag,
820 struct disklabel *lp, dlp;
826 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */
828 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype);
831 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */
833 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &ms) == -1) {
837 err(1, "Cannot get disk size");
838 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */
843 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
845 } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) {
846 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize;
847 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac;
848 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads;
849 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
854 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */
856 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, &dlp) == -1) {
857 if (bpb->bps == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, &dlp.d_secsize) == -1)
858 errx(1, "Cannot get sector size, %s", strerror(errno));
860 /* XXX Should we use bpb->bps if it's set? */
861 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
863 if (bpb->spt == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWSECTORS, &dlp.d_nsectors) == -1) {
864 warnx("Cannot get number of sectors per track, %s", strerror(errno));
867 if (bpb->hds == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWHEADS, &dlp.d_ntracks) == -1) {
868 warnx("Cannot get number of heads, %s", strerror(errno));
869 if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*1*1024)
871 else if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*16*1024)
878 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit;
883 bpb->bps = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector");
885 bpb->spt = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track");
887 bpb->hds = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads");
889 bpb->bsec = lp->d_secperunit;
896 * Print out BPB values.
899 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb)
901 printf("bps=%u spc=%u res=%u nft=%u", bpb->bps, bpb->spc, bpb->res,
904 printf(" rde=%u", bpb->rde);
906 printf(" sec=%u", bpb->sec);
907 printf(" mid=%#x", bpb->mid);
909 printf(" spf=%u", bpb->spf);
910 printf(" spt=%u hds=%u hid=%u", bpb->spt, bpb->hds, bpb->hid);
912 printf(" bsec=%u", bpb->bsec);
914 printf(" bspf=%u rdcl=%u", bpb->bspf, bpb->rdcl);
916 printf(bpb->infs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->infs);
918 printf(bpb->bkbs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bkbs);
924 * Check a disk geometry value.
927 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg)
930 errx(1, "%s: no default %s", fname, msg);
932 errx(1, "%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val);
937 * Convert and check a numeric option argument.
940 argtou(const char *arg, u_int lo, u_int hi, const char *msg)
946 x = strtoul(arg, &s, 0);
947 if (errno || !*arg || *s || x < lo || x > hi)
948 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg);
953 * Same for off_t, with optional skmgpP suffix
956 argtooff(const char *arg, const char *msg)
961 x = strtoll(arg, &s, 0);
962 /* allow at most one extra char */
963 if (errno || x < 0 || (s[0] && s[1]) )
964 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg);
965 if (*s) { /* the extra char is the multiplier */
968 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg);
971 case 's': /* sector */
973 x <<= 9; /* times 512 */
976 case 'k': /* kilobyte */
978 x <<= 10; /* times 1024 */
981 case 'm': /* megabyte */
983 x <<= 20; /* times 1024*1024 */
986 case 'g': /* gigabyte */
988 x <<= 30; /* times 1024*1024*1024 */
991 case 'p': /* partition start */
992 case 'P': /* partition start */
993 case 'l': /* partition length */
994 case 'L': /* partition length */
995 errx(1, "%s: not supported yet %s", arg, msg);
1003 * Check a volume label.
1006 oklabel(const char *src)
1010 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {
1012 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c))
1019 * Make a volume label.
1022 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src)
1026 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
1027 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' ';
1028 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c;
1033 * Copy string, padding with spaces.
1036 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len)
1039 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' ';
1043 * Print usage message.
1049 "usage: newfs_msdos [ -options ] special [disktype]\n"
1050 "where the options are:\n"
1051 "\t-@ create file system at specified offset\n"
1052 "\t-B get bootstrap from file\n"
1053 "\t-C create image file with specified size\n"
1054 "\t-F FAT type (12, 16, or 32)\n"
1056 "\t-L volume label\n"
1057 "\t-N don't create file system: just print out parameters\n"
1059 "\t-S bytes/sector\n"
1060 "\t-a sectors/FAT\n"
1062 "\t-c sectors/cluster\n"
1063 "\t-e root directory entries\n"
1064 "\t-f standard format\n"
1065 "\t-h drive heads\n"
1066 "\t-i file system info sector\n"
1067 "\t-k backup boot sector\n"
1068 "\t-m media descriptor\n"
1069 "\t-n number of FATs\n"
1070 "\t-o hidden sectors\n"
1071 "\t-r reserved sectors\n"
1072 "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n"
1073 "\t-u sectors/track\n");