1 /* 'dir', 'vdir' and 'ls' directory listing programs for GNU.
2 Copyright (C) 1985-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
7 (at your option) any later version.
9 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
12 GNU General Public License for more details.
14 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
17 /* If ls_mode is LS_MULTI_COL,
18 the multi-column format is the default regardless
19 of the type of output device.
20 This is for the 'dir' program.
22 If ls_mode is LS_LONG_FORMAT,
23 the long format is the default regardless of the
24 type of output device.
25 This is for the 'vdir' program.
28 the output format depends on whether the output
30 This is for the 'ls' program. */
32 /* Written by Richard Stallman and David MacKenzie. */
34 /* Color support by Peter Anvin <Peter.Anvin@linux.org> and Dennis
35 Flaherty <dennisf@denix.elk.miles.com> based on original patches by
36 Greg Lee <lee@uhunix.uhcc.hawaii.edu>. */
39 #include <sys/types.h>
45 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
47 #ifdef WINSIZE_IN_PTEM
48 # include <sys/stream.h>
49 # include <sys/ptem.h>
58 #include <selinux/selinux.h>
61 #if HAVE_LANGINFO_CODESET
62 # include <langinfo.h>
65 /* Use SA_NOCLDSTOP as a proxy for whether the sigaction machinery is
68 # define SA_NOCLDSTOP 0
69 # define sigprocmask(How, Set, Oset) /* empty */
71 # if ! HAVE_SIGINTERRUPT
72 # define siginterrupt(sig, flag) /* empty */
76 /* NonStop circa 2011 lacks both SA_RESTART and siginterrupt, so don't
77 restart syscalls after a signal handler fires. This may cause
78 colors to get messed up on the screen if 'ls' is interrupted, but
79 that's the best we can do on such a platform. */
91 #include "filenamecat.h"
92 #include "hard-locale.h"
96 #include "filevercmp.h"
103 #include "quotearg.h"
105 #include "stat-size.h"
106 #include "stat-time.h"
107 #include "strftime.h"
109 #include "areadlink.h"
110 #include "mbsalign.h"
112 /* Include <sys/capability.h> last to avoid a clash of <sys/types.h>
113 include guards with some premature versions of libcap.
114 For more details, see <http://bugzilla.redhat.com/483548>. */
116 # include <sys/capability.h>
119 #define PROGRAM_NAME (ls_mode == LS_LS ? "ls" \
120 : (ls_mode == LS_MULTI_COL \
124 proper_name ("Richard M. Stallman"), \
125 proper_name ("David MacKenzie")
127 #define obstack_chunk_alloc malloc
128 #define obstack_chunk_free free
130 /* Return an int indicating the result of comparing two integers.
131 Subtracting doesn't always work, due to overflow. */
132 #define longdiff(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? -1 : (a) > (b))
134 /* Unix-based readdir implementations have historically returned a dirent.d_ino
135 value that is sometimes not equal to the stat-obtained st_ino value for
136 that same entry. This error occurs for a readdir entry that refers
137 to a mount point. readdir's error is to return the inode number of
138 the underlying directory -- one that typically cannot be stat'ed, as
139 long as a file system is mounted on that directory. RELIABLE_D_INO
140 encapsulates whether we can use the more efficient approach of relying
141 on readdir-supplied d_ino values, or whether we must incur the cost of
142 calling stat or lstat to obtain each guaranteed-valid inode number. */
144 #ifndef READDIR_LIES_ABOUT_MOUNTPOINT_D_INO
145 # define READDIR_LIES_ABOUT_MOUNTPOINT_D_INO 1
148 #if READDIR_LIES_ABOUT_MOUNTPOINT_D_INO
149 # define RELIABLE_D_INO(dp) NOT_AN_INODE_NUMBER
151 # define RELIABLE_D_INO(dp) D_INO (dp)
154 #if ! HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_AUTHOR
155 # define st_author st_uid
172 /* Display letters and indicators for each filetype.
173 Keep these in sync with enum filetype. */
174 static char const filetype_letter[] = "?pcdb-lswd";
176 /* Ensure that filetype and filetype_letter have the same
177 number of elements. */
178 verify (sizeof filetype_letter - 1 == arg_directory + 1);
180 #define FILETYPE_INDICATORS \
182 C_ORPHAN, C_FIFO, C_CHR, C_DIR, C_BLK, C_FILE, \
183 C_LINK, C_SOCK, C_FILE, C_DIR \
198 /* For symbolic link, name of the file linked to, otherwise zero. */
203 enum filetype filetype;
205 /* For symbolic link and long listing, st_mode of file linked to, otherwise
209 /* SELinux security context. */
210 security_context_t scontext;
214 /* For symbolic link and color printing, true if linked-to file
215 exists, otherwise false. */
218 /* For long listings, true if the file has an access control list,
219 or an SELinux security context. */
220 enum acl_type acl_type;
222 /* For color listings, true if a regular file has capability info. */
226 #define LEN_STR_PAIR(s) sizeof (s) - 1, s
228 /* Null is a valid character in a color indicator (think about Epson
229 printers, for example) so we have to use a length/buffer string
234 size_t len; /* Number of bytes */
235 const char *string; /* Pointer to the same */
239 # define tcgetpgrp(Fd) 0
242 static size_t quote_name (FILE *out, const char *name,
243 struct quoting_options const *options,
245 static char *make_link_name (char const *name, char const *linkname);
246 static int decode_switches (int argc, char **argv);
247 static bool file_ignored (char const *name);
248 static uintmax_t gobble_file (char const *name, enum filetype type,
249 ino_t inode, bool command_line_arg,
250 char const *dirname);
251 static bool print_color_indicator (const struct fileinfo *f,
252 bool symlink_target);
253 static void put_indicator (const struct bin_str *ind);
254 static void add_ignore_pattern (const char *pattern);
255 static void attach (char *dest, const char *dirname, const char *name);
256 static void clear_files (void);
257 static void extract_dirs_from_files (char const *dirname,
258 bool command_line_arg);
259 static void get_link_name (char const *filename, struct fileinfo *f,
260 bool command_line_arg);
261 static void indent (size_t from, size_t to);
262 static size_t calculate_columns (bool by_columns);
263 static void print_current_files (void);
264 static void print_dir (char const *name, char const *realname,
265 bool command_line_arg);
266 static size_t print_file_name_and_frills (const struct fileinfo *f,
268 static void print_horizontal (void);
269 static int format_user_width (uid_t u);
270 static int format_group_width (gid_t g);
271 static void print_long_format (const struct fileinfo *f);
272 static void print_many_per_line (void);
273 static size_t print_name_with_quoting (const struct fileinfo *f,
275 struct obstack *stack,
277 static void prep_non_filename_text (void);
278 static bool print_type_indicator (bool stat_ok, mode_t mode,
280 static void print_with_commas (void);
281 static void queue_directory (char const *name, char const *realname,
282 bool command_line_arg);
283 static void sort_files (void);
284 static void parse_ls_color (void);
286 /* Initial size of hash table.
287 Most hierarchies are likely to be shallower than this. */
288 #define INITIAL_TABLE_SIZE 30
290 /* The set of 'active' directories, from the current command-line argument
291 to the level in the hierarchy at which files are being listed.
292 A directory is represented by its device and inode numbers (struct dev_ino).
293 A directory is added to this set when ls begins listing it or its
294 entries, and it is removed from the set just after ls has finished
295 processing it. This set is used solely to detect loops, e.g., with
296 mkdir loop; cd loop; ln -s ../loop sub; ls -RL */
297 static Hash_table *active_dir_set;
299 #define LOOP_DETECT (!!active_dir_set)
301 /* The table of files in the current directory:
303 'cwd_file' points to a vector of 'struct fileinfo', one per file.
304 'cwd_n_alloc' is the number of elements space has been allocated for.
305 'cwd_n_used' is the number actually in use. */
307 /* Address of block containing the files that are described. */
308 static struct fileinfo *cwd_file;
310 /* Length of block that 'cwd_file' points to, measured in files. */
311 static size_t cwd_n_alloc;
313 /* Index of first unused slot in 'cwd_file'. */
314 static size_t cwd_n_used;
316 /* Vector of pointers to files, in proper sorted order, and the number
317 of entries allocated for it. */
318 static void **sorted_file;
319 static size_t sorted_file_alloc;
321 /* When true, in a color listing, color each symlink name according to the
322 type of file it points to. Otherwise, color them according to the 'ln'
323 directive in LS_COLORS. Dangling (orphan) symlinks are treated specially,
324 regardless. This is set when 'ln=target' appears in LS_COLORS. */
326 static bool color_symlink_as_referent;
328 /* mode of appropriate file for colorization */
329 #define FILE_OR_LINK_MODE(File) \
330 ((color_symlink_as_referent && (File)->linkok) \
331 ? (File)->linkmode : (File)->stat.st_mode)
334 /* Record of one pending directory waiting to be listed. */
339 /* If the directory is actually the file pointed to by a symbolic link we
340 were told to list, 'realname' will contain the name of the symbolic
341 link, otherwise zero. */
343 bool command_line_arg;
344 struct pending *next;
347 static struct pending *pending_dirs;
349 /* Current time in seconds and nanoseconds since 1970, updated as
350 needed when deciding whether a file is recent. */
352 static struct timespec current_time;
354 static bool print_scontext;
355 static char UNKNOWN_SECURITY_CONTEXT[] = "?";
357 /* Whether any of the files has an ACL. This affects the width of the
360 static bool any_has_acl;
362 /* The number of columns to use for columns containing inode numbers,
363 block sizes, link counts, owners, groups, authors, major device
364 numbers, minor device numbers, and file sizes, respectively. */
366 static int inode_number_width;
367 static int block_size_width;
368 static int nlink_width;
369 static int scontext_width;
370 static int owner_width;
371 static int group_width;
372 static int author_width;
373 static int major_device_number_width;
374 static int minor_device_number_width;
375 static int file_size_width;
379 /* long_format for lots of info, one per line.
380 one_per_line for just names, one per line.
381 many_per_line for just names, many per line, sorted vertically.
382 horizontal for just names, many per line, sorted horizontally.
383 with_commas for just names, many per line, separated by commas.
385 -l (and other options that imply -l), -1, -C, -x and -m control
390 long_format, /* -l and other options that imply -l */
391 one_per_line, /* -1 */
392 many_per_line, /* -C */
397 static enum format format;
399 /* 'full-iso' uses full ISO-style dates and times. 'long-iso' uses longer
400 ISO-style time stamps, though shorter than 'full-iso'. 'iso' uses shorter
401 ISO-style time stamps. 'locale' uses locale-dependent time stamps. */
404 full_iso_time_style, /* --time-style=full-iso */
405 long_iso_time_style, /* --time-style=long-iso */
406 iso_time_style, /* --time-style=iso */
407 locale_time_style /* --time-style=locale */
410 static char const *const time_style_args[] =
412 "full-iso", "long-iso", "iso", "locale", NULL
414 static enum time_style const time_style_types[] =
416 full_iso_time_style, long_iso_time_style, iso_time_style,
419 ARGMATCH_VERIFY (time_style_args, time_style_types);
421 /* Type of time to print or sort by. Controlled by -c and -u.
422 The values of each item of this enum are important since they are
423 used as indices in the sort functions array (see sort_files()). */
427 time_mtime, /* default */
430 time_numtypes /* the number of elements of this enum */
433 static enum time_type time_type;
435 /* The file characteristic to sort by. Controlled by -t, -S, -U, -X, -v.
436 The values of each item of this enum are important since they are
437 used as indices in the sort functions array (see sort_files()). */
441 sort_none = -1, /* -U */
442 sort_name, /* default */
443 sort_extension, /* -X */
445 sort_version, /* -v */
447 sort_numtypes /* the number of elements of this enum */
450 static enum sort_type sort_type;
452 /* Direction of sort.
453 false means highest first if numeric,
454 lowest first if alphabetic;
455 these are the defaults.
456 true means the opposite order in each case. -r */
458 static bool sort_reverse;
460 /* True means to display owner information. -g turns this off. */
462 static bool print_owner = true;
464 /* True means to display author information. */
466 static bool print_author;
468 /* True means to display group information. -G and -o turn this off. */
470 static bool print_group = true;
472 /* True means print the user and group id's as numbers rather
475 static bool numeric_ids;
477 /* True means mention the size in blocks of each file. -s */
479 static bool print_block_size;
481 /* Human-readable options for output, when printing block counts. */
482 static int human_output_opts;
484 /* The units to use when printing block counts. */
485 static uintmax_t output_block_size;
487 /* Likewise, but for file sizes. */
488 static int file_human_output_opts;
489 static uintmax_t file_output_block_size = 1;
491 /* Follow the output with a special string. Using this format,
492 Emacs' dired mode starts up twice as fast, and can handle all
493 strange characters in file names. */
496 /* 'none' means don't mention the type of files.
497 'slash' means mention directories only, with a '/'.
498 'file_type' means mention file types.
499 'classify' means mention file types and mark executables.
501 Controlled by -F, -p, and --indicator-style. */
505 none, /* --indicator-style=none */
506 slash, /* -p, --indicator-style=slash */
507 file_type, /* --indicator-style=file-type */
508 classify /* -F, --indicator-style=classify */
511 static enum indicator_style indicator_style;
513 /* Names of indicator styles. */
514 static char const *const indicator_style_args[] =
516 "none", "slash", "file-type", "classify", NULL
518 static enum indicator_style const indicator_style_types[] =
520 none, slash, file_type, classify
522 ARGMATCH_VERIFY (indicator_style_args, indicator_style_types);
524 /* True means use colors to mark types. Also define the different
525 colors as well as the stuff for the LS_COLORS environment variable.
526 The LS_COLORS variable is now in a termcap-like format. */
528 static bool print_with_color;
530 /* Whether we used any colors in the output so far. If so, we will
531 need to restore the default color later. If not, we will need to
532 call prep_non_filename_text before using color for the first time. */
534 static bool used_color = false;
538 color_never, /* 0: default or --color=never */
539 color_always, /* 1: --color=always */
540 color_if_tty /* 2: --color=tty */
543 enum Dereference_symlink
547 DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_ARGUMENTS, /* -H */
548 DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_SYMLINK_TO_DIR, /* the default, in certain cases */
549 DEREF_ALWAYS /* -L */
554 C_LEFT, C_RIGHT, C_END, C_RESET, C_NORM, C_FILE, C_DIR, C_LINK,
556 C_BLK, C_CHR, C_MISSING, C_ORPHAN, C_EXEC, C_DOOR, C_SETUID, C_SETGID,
557 C_STICKY, C_OTHER_WRITABLE, C_STICKY_OTHER_WRITABLE, C_CAP, C_MULTIHARDLINK,
561 static const char *const indicator_name[]=
563 "lc", "rc", "ec", "rs", "no", "fi", "di", "ln", "pi", "so",
564 "bd", "cd", "mi", "or", "ex", "do", "su", "sg", "st",
565 "ow", "tw", "ca", "mh", "cl", NULL
568 struct color_ext_type
570 struct bin_str ext; /* The extension we're looking for */
571 struct bin_str seq; /* The sequence to output when we do */
572 struct color_ext_type *next; /* Next in list */
575 static struct bin_str color_indicator[] =
577 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("\033[") }, /* lc: Left of color sequence */
578 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("m") }, /* rc: Right of color sequence */
579 { 0, NULL }, /* ec: End color (replaces lc+no+rc) */
580 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("0") }, /* rs: Reset to ordinary colors */
581 { 0, NULL }, /* no: Normal */
582 { 0, NULL }, /* fi: File: default */
583 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("01;34") }, /* di: Directory: bright blue */
584 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("01;36") }, /* ln: Symlink: bright cyan */
585 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("33") }, /* pi: Pipe: yellow/brown */
586 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("01;35") }, /* so: Socket: bright magenta */
587 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("01;33") }, /* bd: Block device: bright yellow */
588 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("01;33") }, /* cd: Char device: bright yellow */
589 { 0, NULL }, /* mi: Missing file: undefined */
590 { 0, NULL }, /* or: Orphaned symlink: undefined */
591 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("01;32") }, /* ex: Executable: bright green */
592 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("01;35") }, /* do: Door: bright magenta */
593 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("37;41") }, /* su: setuid: white on red */
594 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("30;43") }, /* sg: setgid: black on yellow */
595 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("37;44") }, /* st: sticky: black on blue */
596 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("34;42") }, /* ow: other-writable: blue on green */
597 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("30;42") }, /* tw: ow w/ sticky: black on green */
598 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("30;41") }, /* ca: black on red */
599 { 0, NULL }, /* mh: disabled by default */
600 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("\033[K") }, /* cl: clear to end of line */
604 static struct color_ext_type *color_ext_list = NULL;
606 /* Buffer for color sequences */
607 static char *color_buf;
609 /* True means to check for orphaned symbolic link, for displaying
612 static bool check_symlink_color;
614 /* True means mention the inode number of each file. -i */
616 static bool print_inode;
618 /* What to do with symbolic links. Affected by -d, -F, -H, -l (and
619 other options that imply -l), and -L. */
621 static enum Dereference_symlink dereference;
623 /* True means when a directory is found, display info on its
626 static bool recursive;
628 /* True means when an argument is a directory name, display info
631 static bool immediate_dirs;
633 /* True means that directories are grouped before files. */
635 static bool directories_first;
637 /* Which files to ignore. */
641 /* Ignore files whose names start with '.', and files specified by
642 --hide and --ignore. */
645 /* Ignore '.', '..', and files specified by --ignore. */
646 IGNORE_DOT_AND_DOTDOT,
648 /* Ignore only files specified by --ignore. */
652 /* A linked list of shell-style globbing patterns. If a non-argument
653 file name matches any of these patterns, it is ignored.
654 Controlled by -I. Multiple -I options accumulate.
655 The -B option adds '*~' and '.*~' to this list. */
657 struct ignore_pattern
660 struct ignore_pattern *next;
663 static struct ignore_pattern *ignore_patterns;
665 /* Similar to IGNORE_PATTERNS, except that -a or -A causes this
666 variable itself to be ignored. */
667 static struct ignore_pattern *hide_patterns;
669 /* True means output nongraphic chars in file names as '?'.
670 (-q, --hide-control-chars)
671 qmark_funny_chars and the quoting style (-Q, --quoting-style=WORD) are
672 independent. The algorithm is: first, obey the quoting style to get a
673 string representing the file name; then, if qmark_funny_chars is set,
674 replace all nonprintable chars in that string with '?'. It's necessary
675 to replace nonprintable chars even in quoted strings, because we don't
676 want to mess up the terminal if control chars get sent to it, and some
677 quoting methods pass through control chars as-is. */
678 static bool qmark_funny_chars;
680 /* Quoting options for file and dir name output. */
682 static struct quoting_options *filename_quoting_options;
683 static struct quoting_options *dirname_quoting_options;
685 /* The number of chars per hardware tab stop. Setting this to zero
686 inhibits the use of TAB characters for separating columns. -T */
687 static size_t tabsize;
689 /* True means print each directory name before listing it. */
691 static bool print_dir_name;
693 /* The line length to use for breaking lines in many-per-line format.
694 Can be set with -w. */
696 static size_t line_length;
698 /* If true, the file listing format requires that stat be called on
701 static bool format_needs_stat;
703 /* Similar to 'format_needs_stat', but set if only the file type is
706 static bool format_needs_type;
708 /* An arbitrary limit on the number of bytes in a printed time stamp.
709 This is set to a relatively small value to avoid the need to worry
710 about denial-of-service attacks on servers that run "ls" on behalf
711 of remote clients. 1000 bytes should be enough for any practical
712 time stamp format. */
714 enum { TIME_STAMP_LEN_MAXIMUM = MAX (1000, INT_STRLEN_BOUND (time_t)) };
716 /* strftime formats for non-recent and recent files, respectively, in
719 static char const *long_time_format[2] =
721 /* strftime format for non-recent files (older than 6 months), in
722 -l output. This should contain the year, month and day (at
723 least), in an order that is understood by people in your
724 locale's territory. Please try to keep the number of used
725 screen columns small, because many people work in windows with
726 only 80 columns. But make this as wide as the other string
727 below, for recent files. */
728 /* TRANSLATORS: ls output needs to be aligned for ease of reading,
729 so be wary of using variable width fields from the locale.
730 Note %b is handled specially by ls and aligned correctly.
731 Note also that specifying a width as in %5b is erroneous as strftime
732 will count bytes rather than characters in multibyte locales. */
734 /* strftime format for recent files (younger than 6 months), in -l
735 output. This should contain the month, day and time (at
736 least), in an order that is understood by people in your
737 locale's territory. Please try to keep the number of used
738 screen columns small, because many people work in windows with
739 only 80 columns. But make this as wide as the other string
740 above, for non-recent files. */
741 /* TRANSLATORS: ls output needs to be aligned for ease of reading,
742 so be wary of using variable width fields from the locale.
743 Note %b is handled specially by ls and aligned correctly.
744 Note also that specifying a width as in %5b is erroneous as strftime
745 will count bytes rather than characters in multibyte locales. */
749 /* The set of signals that are caught. */
751 static sigset_t caught_signals;
753 /* If nonzero, the value of the pending fatal signal. */
755 static sig_atomic_t volatile interrupt_signal;
757 /* A count of the number of pending stop signals that have been received. */
759 static sig_atomic_t volatile stop_signal_count;
761 /* Desired exit status. */
763 static int exit_status;
768 /* "ls" had a minor problem. E.g., while processing a directory,
769 ls obtained the name of an entry via readdir, yet was later
770 unable to stat that name. This happens when listing a directory
771 in which entries are actively being removed or renamed. */
772 LS_MINOR_PROBLEM = 1,
774 /* "ls" had more serious trouble (e.g., memory exhausted, invalid
775 option or failure to stat a command line argument. */
779 /* For long options that have no equivalent short option, use a
780 non-character as a pseudo short option, starting with CHAR_MAX + 1. */
783 AUTHOR_OPTION = CHAR_MAX + 1,
786 DEREFERENCE_COMMAND_LINE_SYMLINK_TO_DIR_OPTION,
787 FILE_TYPE_INDICATOR_OPTION,
790 GROUP_DIRECTORIES_FIRST_OPTION,
792 INDICATOR_STYLE_OPTION,
793 QUOTING_STYLE_OPTION,
794 SHOW_CONTROL_CHARS_OPTION,
801 static struct option const long_options[] =
803 {"all", no_argument, NULL, 'a'},
804 {"escape", no_argument, NULL, 'b'},
805 {"directory", no_argument, NULL, 'd'},
806 {"dired", no_argument, NULL, 'D'},
807 {"full-time", no_argument, NULL, FULL_TIME_OPTION},
808 {"group-directories-first", no_argument, NULL,
809 GROUP_DIRECTORIES_FIRST_OPTION},
810 {"human-readable", no_argument, NULL, 'h'},
811 {"inode", no_argument, NULL, 'i'},
812 {"kibibytes", no_argument, NULL, 'k'},
813 {"numeric-uid-gid", no_argument, NULL, 'n'},
814 {"no-group", no_argument, NULL, 'G'},
815 {"hide-control-chars", no_argument, NULL, 'q'},
816 {"reverse", no_argument, NULL, 'r'},
817 {"size", no_argument, NULL, 's'},
818 {"width", required_argument, NULL, 'w'},
819 {"almost-all", no_argument, NULL, 'A'},
820 {"ignore-backups", no_argument, NULL, 'B'},
821 {"classify", no_argument, NULL, 'F'},
822 {"file-type", no_argument, NULL, FILE_TYPE_INDICATOR_OPTION},
823 {"si", no_argument, NULL, SI_OPTION},
824 {"dereference-command-line", no_argument, NULL, 'H'},
825 {"dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir", no_argument, NULL,
826 DEREFERENCE_COMMAND_LINE_SYMLINK_TO_DIR_OPTION},
827 {"hide", required_argument, NULL, HIDE_OPTION},
828 {"ignore", required_argument, NULL, 'I'},
829 {"indicator-style", required_argument, NULL, INDICATOR_STYLE_OPTION},
830 {"dereference", no_argument, NULL, 'L'},
831 {"literal", no_argument, NULL, 'N'},
832 {"quote-name", no_argument, NULL, 'Q'},
833 {"quoting-style", required_argument, NULL, QUOTING_STYLE_OPTION},
834 {"recursive", no_argument, NULL, 'R'},
835 {"format", required_argument, NULL, FORMAT_OPTION},
836 {"show-control-chars", no_argument, NULL, SHOW_CONTROL_CHARS_OPTION},
837 {"sort", required_argument, NULL, SORT_OPTION},
838 {"tabsize", required_argument, NULL, 'T'},
839 {"time", required_argument, NULL, TIME_OPTION},
840 {"time-style", required_argument, NULL, TIME_STYLE_OPTION},
841 {"color", optional_argument, NULL, COLOR_OPTION},
842 {"block-size", required_argument, NULL, BLOCK_SIZE_OPTION},
843 {"context", no_argument, 0, 'Z'},
844 {"author", no_argument, NULL, AUTHOR_OPTION},
845 {GETOPT_HELP_OPTION_DECL},
846 {GETOPT_VERSION_OPTION_DECL},
850 static char const *const format_args[] =
852 "verbose", "long", "commas", "horizontal", "across",
853 "vertical", "single-column", NULL
855 static enum format const format_types[] =
857 long_format, long_format, with_commas, horizontal, horizontal,
858 many_per_line, one_per_line
860 ARGMATCH_VERIFY (format_args, format_types);
862 static char const *const sort_args[] =
864 "none", "time", "size", "extension", "version", NULL
866 static enum sort_type const sort_types[] =
868 sort_none, sort_time, sort_size, sort_extension, sort_version
870 ARGMATCH_VERIFY (sort_args, sort_types);
872 static char const *const time_args[] =
874 "atime", "access", "use", "ctime", "status", NULL
876 static enum time_type const time_types[] =
878 time_atime, time_atime, time_atime, time_ctime, time_ctime
880 ARGMATCH_VERIFY (time_args, time_types);
882 static char const *const color_args[] =
884 /* force and none are for compatibility with another color-ls version */
885 "always", "yes", "force",
886 "never", "no", "none",
887 "auto", "tty", "if-tty", NULL
889 static enum color_type const color_types[] =
891 color_always, color_always, color_always,
892 color_never, color_never, color_never,
893 color_if_tty, color_if_tty, color_if_tty
895 ARGMATCH_VERIFY (color_args, color_types);
897 /* Information about filling a column. */
905 /* Array with information about column filledness. */
906 static struct column_info *column_info;
908 /* Maximum number of columns ever possible for this display. */
909 static size_t max_idx;
911 /* The minimum width of a column is 3: 1 character for the name and 2
912 for the separating white space. */
913 #define MIN_COLUMN_WIDTH 3
916 /* This zero-based index is used solely with the --dired option.
917 When that option is in effect, this counter is incremented for each
918 byte of output generated by this program so that the beginning
919 and ending indices (in that output) of every file name can be recorded
920 and later output themselves. */
921 static size_t dired_pos;
923 #define DIRED_PUTCHAR(c) do {putchar ((c)); ++dired_pos;} while (0)
925 /* Write S to STREAM and increment DIRED_POS by S_LEN. */
926 #define DIRED_FPUTS(s, stream, s_len) \
927 do {fputs (s, stream); dired_pos += s_len;} while (0)
929 /* Like DIRED_FPUTS, but for use when S is a literal string. */
930 #define DIRED_FPUTS_LITERAL(s, stream) \
931 do {fputs (s, stream); dired_pos += sizeof (s) - 1;} while (0)
933 #define DIRED_INDENT() \
937 DIRED_FPUTS_LITERAL (" ", stdout); \
941 /* With --dired, store pairs of beginning and ending indices of filenames. */
942 static struct obstack dired_obstack;
944 /* With --dired, store pairs of beginning and ending indices of any
945 directory names that appear as headers (just before 'total' line)
946 for lists of directory entries. Such directory names are seen when
947 listing hierarchies using -R and when a directory is listed with at
948 least one other command line argument. */
949 static struct obstack subdired_obstack;
951 /* Save the current index on the specified obstack, OBS. */
952 #define PUSH_CURRENT_DIRED_POS(obs) \
956 obstack_grow (obs, &dired_pos, sizeof (dired_pos)); \
960 /* With -R, this stack is used to help detect directory cycles.
961 The device/inode pairs on this stack mirror the pairs in the
962 active_dir_set hash table. */
963 static struct obstack dev_ino_obstack;
965 /* Push a pair onto the device/inode stack. */
966 #define DEV_INO_PUSH(Dev, Ino) \
969 struct dev_ino *di; \
970 obstack_blank (&dev_ino_obstack, sizeof (struct dev_ino)); \
971 di = -1 + (struct dev_ino *) obstack_next_free (&dev_ino_obstack); \
972 di->st_dev = (Dev); \
973 di->st_ino = (Ino); \
977 /* Pop a dev/ino struct off the global dev_ino_obstack
978 and return that struct. */
979 static struct dev_ino
982 assert (sizeof (struct dev_ino) <= obstack_object_size (&dev_ino_obstack));
983 obstack_blank (&dev_ino_obstack, -(int) (sizeof (struct dev_ino)));
984 return *(struct dev_ino *) obstack_next_free (&dev_ino_obstack);
987 /* Note the use commented out below:
988 #define ASSERT_MATCHING_DEV_INO(Name, Di) \
993 assert (0 <= stat (Name, &sb)); \
994 assert (sb.st_dev == Di.st_dev); \
995 assert (sb.st_ino == Di.st_ino); \
1000 /* Write to standard output PREFIX, followed by the quoting style and
1001 a space-separated list of the integers stored in OS all on one line. */
1004 dired_dump_obstack (const char *prefix, struct obstack *os)
1008 n_pos = obstack_object_size (os) / sizeof (dired_pos);
1014 pos = (size_t *) obstack_finish (os);
1015 fputs (prefix, stdout);
1016 for (i = 0; i < n_pos; i++)
1017 printf (" %lu", (unsigned long int) pos[i]);
1022 /* Read the abbreviated month names from the locale, to align them
1023 and to determine the max width of the field and to truncate names
1024 greater than our max allowed.
1025 Note even though this handles multibyte locales correctly
1026 it's not restricted to them as single byte locales can have
1027 variable width abbreviated months and also precomputing/caching
1028 the names was seen to increase the performance of ls significantly. */
1030 /* max number of display cells to use */
1031 enum { MAX_MON_WIDTH = 5 };
1032 /* In the unlikely event that the abmon[] storage is not big enough
1033 an error message will be displayed, and we revert to using
1034 unmodified abbreviated month names from the locale database. */
1035 static char abmon[12][MAX_MON_WIDTH * 2 * MB_LEN_MAX + 1];
1036 /* minimum width needed to align %b, 0 => don't use precomputed values. */
1037 static size_t required_mon_width;
1042 #ifdef HAVE_NL_LANGINFO
1043 required_mon_width = MAX_MON_WIDTH;
1044 size_t curr_max_width;
1047 curr_max_width = required_mon_width;
1048 required_mon_width = 0;
1049 for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++)
1051 size_t width = curr_max_width;
1053 size_t req = mbsalign (nl_langinfo (ABMON_1 + i),
1054 abmon[i], sizeof (abmon[i]),
1055 &width, MBS_ALIGN_LEFT, 0);
1057 if (req == (size_t) -1 || req >= sizeof (abmon[i]))
1059 required_mon_width = 0; /* ignore precomputed strings. */
1060 return required_mon_width;
1063 required_mon_width = MAX (required_mon_width, width);
1066 while (curr_max_width > required_mon_width);
1069 return required_mon_width;
1073 dev_ino_hash (void const *x, size_t table_size)
1075 struct dev_ino const *p = x;
1076 return (uintmax_t) p->st_ino % table_size;
1080 dev_ino_compare (void const *x, void const *y)
1082 struct dev_ino const *a = x;
1083 struct dev_ino const *b = y;
1084 return SAME_INODE (*a, *b) ? true : false;
1088 dev_ino_free (void *x)
1093 /* Add the device/inode pair (P->st_dev/P->st_ino) to the set of
1094 active directories. Return true if there is already a matching
1095 entry in the table. */
1098 visit_dir (dev_t dev, ino_t ino)
1100 struct dev_ino *ent;
1101 struct dev_ino *ent_from_table;
1104 ent = xmalloc (sizeof *ent);
1108 /* Attempt to insert this entry into the table. */
1109 ent_from_table = hash_insert (active_dir_set, ent);
1111 if (ent_from_table == NULL)
1113 /* Insertion failed due to lack of memory. */
1117 found_match = (ent_from_table != ent);
1121 /* ent was not inserted, so free it. */
1129 free_pending_ent (struct pending *p)
1137 is_colored (enum indicator_no type)
1139 size_t len = color_indicator[type].len;
1140 char const *s = color_indicator[type].string;
1142 || (len == 1 && STRNCMP_LIT (s, "0") == 0)
1143 || (len == 2 && STRNCMP_LIT (s, "00") == 0));
1147 restore_default_color (void)
1149 put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_LEFT]);
1150 put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_RIGHT]);
1154 set_normal_color (void)
1156 if (print_with_color && is_colored (C_NORM))
1158 put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_LEFT]);
1159 put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_NORM]);
1160 put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_RIGHT]);
1164 /* An ordinary signal was received; arrange for the program to exit. */
1167 sighandler (int sig)
1170 signal (sig, SIG_IGN);
1171 if (! interrupt_signal)
1172 interrupt_signal = sig;
1175 /* A SIGTSTP was received; arrange for the program to suspend itself. */
1178 stophandler (int sig)
1181 signal (sig, stophandler);
1182 if (! interrupt_signal)
1183 stop_signal_count++;
1186 /* Process any pending signals. If signals are caught, this function
1187 should be called periodically. Ideally there should never be an
1188 unbounded amount of time when signals are not being processed.
1189 Signal handling can restore the default colors, so callers must
1190 immediately change colors after invoking this function. */
1193 process_signals (void)
1195 while (interrupt_signal || stop_signal_count)
1202 restore_default_color ();
1205 sigprocmask (SIG_BLOCK, &caught_signals, &oldset);
1207 /* Reload interrupt_signal and stop_signal_count, in case a new
1208 signal was handled before sigprocmask took effect. */
1209 sig = interrupt_signal;
1210 stops = stop_signal_count;
1212 /* SIGTSTP is special, since the application can receive that signal
1213 more than once. In this case, don't set the signal handler to the
1214 default. Instead, just raise the uncatchable SIGSTOP. */
1217 stop_signal_count = stops - 1;
1221 signal (sig, SIG_DFL);
1223 /* Exit or suspend the program. */
1225 sigprocmask (SIG_SETMASK, &oldset, NULL);
1227 /* If execution reaches here, then the program has been
1228 continued (after being suspended). */
1233 main (int argc, char **argv)
1236 struct pending *thispend;
1239 /* The signals that are trapped, and the number of such signals. */
1240 static int const sig[] =
1242 /* This one is handled specially. */
1245 /* The usual suspects. */
1246 SIGALRM, SIGHUP, SIGINT, SIGPIPE, SIGQUIT, SIGTERM,
1263 enum { nsigs = ARRAY_CARDINALITY (sig) };
1266 bool caught_sig[nsigs];
1269 initialize_main (&argc, &argv);
1270 set_program_name (argv[0]);
1271 setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
1272 bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
1273 textdomain (PACKAGE);
1275 initialize_exit_failure (LS_FAILURE);
1276 atexit (close_stdout);
1278 assert (ARRAY_CARDINALITY (color_indicator) + 1
1279 == ARRAY_CARDINALITY (indicator_name));
1281 exit_status = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1282 print_dir_name = true;
1283 pending_dirs = NULL;
1285 current_time.tv_sec = TYPE_MINIMUM (time_t);
1286 current_time.tv_nsec = -1;
1288 i = decode_switches (argc, argv);
1290 if (print_with_color)
1293 /* Test print_with_color again, because the call to parse_ls_color
1294 may have just reset it -- e.g., if LS_COLORS is invalid. */
1295 if (print_with_color)
1297 /* Avoid following symbolic links when possible. */
1298 if (is_colored (C_ORPHAN)
1299 || (is_colored (C_EXEC) && color_symlink_as_referent)
1300 || (is_colored (C_MISSING) && format == long_format))
1301 check_symlink_color = true;
1303 /* If the standard output is a controlling terminal, watch out
1304 for signals, so that the colors can be restored to the
1305 default state if "ls" is suspended or interrupted. */
1307 if (0 <= tcgetpgrp (STDOUT_FILENO))
1311 struct sigaction act;
1313 sigemptyset (&caught_signals);
1314 for (j = 0; j < nsigs; j++)
1316 sigaction (sig[j], NULL, &act);
1317 if (act.sa_handler != SIG_IGN)
1318 sigaddset (&caught_signals, sig[j]);
1321 act.sa_mask = caught_signals;
1322 act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
1324 for (j = 0; j < nsigs; j++)
1325 if (sigismember (&caught_signals, sig[j]))
1327 act.sa_handler = sig[j] == SIGTSTP ? stophandler : sighandler;
1328 sigaction (sig[j], &act, NULL);
1331 for (j = 0; j < nsigs; j++)
1333 caught_sig[j] = (signal (sig[j], SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN);
1336 signal (sig[j], sig[j] == SIGTSTP ? stophandler : sighandler);
1337 siginterrupt (sig[j], 0);
1344 if (dereference == DEREF_UNDEFINED)
1345 dereference = ((immediate_dirs
1346 || indicator_style == classify
1347 || format == long_format)
1349 : DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_SYMLINK_TO_DIR);
1351 /* When using -R, initialize a data structure we'll use to
1352 detect any directory cycles. */
1355 active_dir_set = hash_initialize (INITIAL_TABLE_SIZE, NULL,
1359 if (active_dir_set == NULL)
1362 obstack_init (&dev_ino_obstack);
1365 format_needs_stat = sort_type == sort_time || sort_type == sort_size
1366 || format == long_format
1368 || print_block_size;
1369 format_needs_type = (! format_needs_stat
1372 || indicator_style != none
1373 || directories_first));
1377 obstack_init (&dired_obstack);
1378 obstack_init (&subdired_obstack);
1382 cwd_file = xnmalloc (cwd_n_alloc, sizeof *cwd_file);
1392 gobble_file (".", directory, NOT_AN_INODE_NUMBER, true, "");
1394 queue_directory (".", NULL, true);
1398 gobble_file (argv[i++], unknown, NOT_AN_INODE_NUMBER, true, "");
1404 if (!immediate_dirs)
1405 extract_dirs_from_files (NULL, true);
1406 /* 'cwd_n_used' might be zero now. */
1409 /* In the following if/else blocks, it is sufficient to test 'pending_dirs'
1410 (and not pending_dirs->name) because there may be no markers in the queue
1411 at this point. A marker may be enqueued when extract_dirs_from_files is
1412 called with a non-empty string or via print_dir. */
1415 print_current_files ();
1417 DIRED_PUTCHAR ('\n');
1419 else if (n_files <= 1 && pending_dirs && pending_dirs->next == 0)
1420 print_dir_name = false;
1422 while (pending_dirs)
1424 thispend = pending_dirs;
1425 pending_dirs = pending_dirs->next;
1429 if (thispend->name == NULL)
1431 /* thispend->name == NULL means this is a marker entry
1432 indicating we've finished processing the directory.
1433 Use its dev/ino numbers to remove the corresponding
1434 entry from the active_dir_set hash table. */
1435 struct dev_ino di = dev_ino_pop ();
1436 struct dev_ino *found = hash_delete (active_dir_set, &di);
1437 /* ASSERT_MATCHING_DEV_INO (thispend->realname, di); */
1439 dev_ino_free (found);
1440 free_pending_ent (thispend);
1445 print_dir (thispend->name, thispend->realname,
1446 thispend->command_line_arg);
1448 free_pending_ent (thispend);
1449 print_dir_name = true;
1452 if (print_with_color)
1458 /* Skip the restore when it would be a no-op, i.e.,
1459 when left is "\033[" and right is "m". */
1460 if (!(color_indicator[C_LEFT].len == 2
1461 && memcmp (color_indicator[C_LEFT].string, "\033[", 2) == 0
1462 && color_indicator[C_RIGHT].len == 1
1463 && color_indicator[C_RIGHT].string[0] == 'm'))
1464 restore_default_color ();
1468 /* Restore the default signal handling. */
1470 for (j = 0; j < nsigs; j++)
1471 if (sigismember (&caught_signals, sig[j]))
1472 signal (sig[j], SIG_DFL);
1474 for (j = 0; j < nsigs; j++)
1476 signal (sig[j], SIG_DFL);
1479 /* Act on any signals that arrived before the default was restored.
1480 This can process signals out of order, but there doesn't seem to
1481 be an easy way to do them in order, and the order isn't that
1482 important anyway. */
1483 for (j = stop_signal_count; j; j--)
1485 j = interrupt_signal;
1492 /* No need to free these since we're about to exit. */
1493 dired_dump_obstack ("//DIRED//", &dired_obstack);
1494 dired_dump_obstack ("//SUBDIRED//", &subdired_obstack);
1495 printf ("//DIRED-OPTIONS// --quoting-style=%s\n",
1496 quoting_style_args[get_quoting_style (filename_quoting_options)]);
1501 assert (hash_get_n_entries (active_dir_set) == 0);
1502 hash_free (active_dir_set);
1508 /* Set all the option flags according to the switches specified.
1509 Return the index of the first non-option argument. */
1512 decode_switches (int argc, char **argv)
1514 char *time_style_option = NULL;
1516 bool sort_type_specified = false;
1517 bool kibibytes_specified = false;
1519 qmark_funny_chars = false;
1521 /* initialize all switches to default settings */
1526 /* This is for the 'dir' program. */
1527 format = many_per_line;
1528 set_quoting_style (NULL, escape_quoting_style);
1531 case LS_LONG_FORMAT:
1532 /* This is for the 'vdir' program. */
1533 format = long_format;
1534 set_quoting_style (NULL, escape_quoting_style);
1538 /* This is for the 'ls' program. */
1539 if (isatty (STDOUT_FILENO))
1541 format = many_per_line;
1542 /* See description of qmark_funny_chars, above. */
1543 qmark_funny_chars = true;
1547 format = one_per_line;
1548 qmark_funny_chars = false;
1556 time_type = time_mtime;
1557 sort_type = sort_name;
1558 sort_reverse = false;
1559 numeric_ids = false;
1560 print_block_size = false;
1561 indicator_style = none;
1562 print_inode = false;
1563 dereference = DEREF_UNDEFINED;
1565 immediate_dirs = false;
1566 ignore_mode = IGNORE_DEFAULT;
1567 ignore_patterns = NULL;
1568 hide_patterns = NULL;
1569 print_scontext = false;
1571 /* FIXME: put this in a function. */
1573 char const *q_style = getenv ("QUOTING_STYLE");
1576 int i = ARGMATCH (q_style, quoting_style_args, quoting_style_vals);
1578 set_quoting_style (NULL, quoting_style_vals[i]);
1581 _("ignoring invalid value of environment variable QUOTING_STYLE: %s"),
1582 quotearg (q_style));
1588 char const *p = getenv ("COLUMNS");
1591 unsigned long int tmp_ulong;
1592 if (xstrtoul (p, NULL, 0, &tmp_ulong, NULL) == LONGINT_OK
1593 && 0 < tmp_ulong && tmp_ulong <= SIZE_MAX)
1595 line_length = tmp_ulong;
1600 _("ignoring invalid width in environment variable COLUMNS: %s"),
1610 if (ioctl (STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) != -1
1611 && 0 < ws.ws_col && ws.ws_col == (size_t) ws.ws_col)
1612 line_length = ws.ws_col;
1617 char const *p = getenv ("TABSIZE");
1621 unsigned long int tmp_ulong;
1622 if (xstrtoul (p, NULL, 0, &tmp_ulong, NULL) == LONGINT_OK
1623 && tmp_ulong <= SIZE_MAX)
1625 tabsize = tmp_ulong;
1630 _("ignoring invalid tab size in environment variable TABSIZE: %s"),
1639 int c = getopt_long (argc, argv,
1640 "abcdfghiklmnopqrstuvw:xABCDFGHI:LNQRST:UXZ1",
1648 ignore_mode = IGNORE_MINIMAL;
1652 set_quoting_style (NULL, escape_quoting_style);
1656 time_type = time_ctime;
1660 immediate_dirs = true;
1664 /* Same as enabling -a -U and disabling -l -s. */
1665 ignore_mode = IGNORE_MINIMAL;
1666 sort_type = sort_none;
1667 sort_type_specified = true;
1669 if (format == long_format)
1670 format = (isatty (STDOUT_FILENO) ? many_per_line : one_per_line);
1671 print_block_size = false; /* disable -s */
1672 print_with_color = false; /* disable --color */
1675 case FILE_TYPE_INDICATOR_OPTION: /* --file-type */
1676 indicator_style = file_type;
1680 format = long_format;
1681 print_owner = false;
1685 file_human_output_opts = human_output_opts =
1686 human_autoscale | human_SI | human_base_1024;
1687 file_output_block_size = output_block_size = 1;
1695 kibibytes_specified = true;
1699 format = long_format;
1703 format = with_commas;
1708 format = long_format;
1711 case 'o': /* Just like -l, but don't display group info. */
1712 format = long_format;
1713 print_group = false;
1717 indicator_style = slash;
1721 qmark_funny_chars = true;
1725 sort_reverse = true;
1729 print_block_size = true;
1733 sort_type = sort_time;
1734 sort_type_specified = true;
1738 time_type = time_atime;
1742 sort_type = sort_version;
1743 sort_type_specified = true;
1748 unsigned long int tmp_ulong;
1749 if (xstrtoul (optarg, NULL, 0, &tmp_ulong, NULL) != LONGINT_OK
1750 || ! (0 < tmp_ulong && tmp_ulong <= SIZE_MAX))
1751 error (LS_FAILURE, 0, _("invalid line width: %s"),
1753 line_length = tmp_ulong;
1758 format = horizontal;
1762 if (ignore_mode == IGNORE_DEFAULT)
1763 ignore_mode = IGNORE_DOT_AND_DOTDOT;
1767 add_ignore_pattern ("*~");
1768 add_ignore_pattern (".*~");
1772 format = many_per_line;
1780 indicator_style = classify;
1783 case 'G': /* inhibit display of group info */
1784 print_group = false;
1788 dereference = DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_ARGUMENTS;
1791 case DEREFERENCE_COMMAND_LINE_SYMLINK_TO_DIR_OPTION:
1792 dereference = DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_SYMLINK_TO_DIR;
1796 add_ignore_pattern (optarg);
1800 dereference = DEREF_ALWAYS;
1804 set_quoting_style (NULL, literal_quoting_style);
1808 set_quoting_style (NULL, c_quoting_style);
1816 sort_type = sort_size;
1817 sort_type_specified = true;
1822 unsigned long int tmp_ulong;
1823 if (xstrtoul (optarg, NULL, 0, &tmp_ulong, NULL) != LONGINT_OK
1824 || SIZE_MAX < tmp_ulong)
1825 error (LS_FAILURE, 0, _("invalid tab size: %s"),
1827 tabsize = tmp_ulong;
1832 sort_type = sort_none;
1833 sort_type_specified = true;
1837 sort_type = sort_extension;
1838 sort_type_specified = true;
1842 /* -1 has no effect after -l. */
1843 if (format != long_format)
1844 format = one_per_line;
1848 print_author = true;
1853 struct ignore_pattern *hide = xmalloc (sizeof *hide);
1854 hide->pattern = optarg;
1855 hide->next = hide_patterns;
1856 hide_patterns = hide;
1861 sort_type = XARGMATCH ("--sort", optarg, sort_args, sort_types);
1862 sort_type_specified = true;
1865 case GROUP_DIRECTORIES_FIRST_OPTION:
1866 directories_first = true;
1870 time_type = XARGMATCH ("--time", optarg, time_args, time_types);
1874 format = XARGMATCH ("--format", optarg, format_args, format_types);
1877 case FULL_TIME_OPTION:
1878 format = long_format;
1879 time_style_option = bad_cast ("full-iso");
1886 i = XARGMATCH ("--color", optarg, color_args, color_types);
1888 /* Using --color with no argument is equivalent to using
1892 print_with_color = (i == color_always
1893 || (i == color_if_tty
1894 && isatty (STDOUT_FILENO)));
1896 if (print_with_color)
1898 /* Don't use TAB characters in output. Some terminal
1899 emulators can't handle the combination of tabs and
1900 color codes on the same line. */
1906 case INDICATOR_STYLE_OPTION:
1907 indicator_style = XARGMATCH ("--indicator-style", optarg,
1908 indicator_style_args,
1909 indicator_style_types);
1912 case QUOTING_STYLE_OPTION:
1913 set_quoting_style (NULL,
1914 XARGMATCH ("--quoting-style", optarg,
1916 quoting_style_vals));
1919 case TIME_STYLE_OPTION:
1920 time_style_option = optarg;
1923 case SHOW_CONTROL_CHARS_OPTION:
1924 qmark_funny_chars = false;
1927 case BLOCK_SIZE_OPTION:
1929 enum strtol_error e = human_options (optarg, &human_output_opts,
1930 &output_block_size);
1931 if (e != LONGINT_OK)
1932 xstrtol_fatal (e, oi, 0, long_options, optarg);
1933 file_human_output_opts = human_output_opts;
1934 file_output_block_size = output_block_size;
1939 file_human_output_opts = human_output_opts =
1940 human_autoscale | human_SI;
1941 file_output_block_size = output_block_size = 1;
1945 print_scontext = true;
1948 case_GETOPT_HELP_CHAR;
1950 case_GETOPT_VERSION_CHAR (PROGRAM_NAME, AUTHORS);
1957 if (! output_block_size)
1959 char const *ls_block_size = getenv ("LS_BLOCK_SIZE");
1960 human_options (ls_block_size,
1961 &human_output_opts, &output_block_size);
1962 if (ls_block_size || getenv ("BLOCK_SIZE"))
1964 file_human_output_opts = human_output_opts;
1965 file_output_block_size = output_block_size;
1967 if (kibibytes_specified)
1969 human_output_opts = 0;
1970 output_block_size = 1024;
1974 max_idx = MAX (1, line_length / MIN_COLUMN_WIDTH);
1976 filename_quoting_options = clone_quoting_options (NULL);
1977 if (get_quoting_style (filename_quoting_options) == escape_quoting_style)
1978 set_char_quoting (filename_quoting_options, ' ', 1);
1979 if (file_type <= indicator_style)
1982 for (p = "*=>@|" + indicator_style - file_type; *p; p++)
1983 set_char_quoting (filename_quoting_options, *p, 1);
1986 dirname_quoting_options = clone_quoting_options (NULL);
1987 set_char_quoting (dirname_quoting_options, ':', 1);
1989 /* --dired is meaningful only with --format=long (-l).
1990 Otherwise, ignore it. FIXME: warn about this?
1991 Alternatively, make --dired imply --format=long? */
1992 if (dired && format != long_format)
1995 /* If -c or -u is specified and not -l (or any other option that implies -l),
1996 and no sort-type was specified, then sort by the ctime (-c) or atime (-u).
1997 The behavior of ls when using either -c or -u but with neither -l nor -t
1998 appears to be unspecified by POSIX. So, with GNU ls, '-u' alone means
1999 sort by atime (this is the one that's not specified by the POSIX spec),
2000 -lu means show atime and sort by name, -lut means show atime and sort
2003 if ((time_type == time_ctime || time_type == time_atime)
2004 && !sort_type_specified && format != long_format)
2006 sort_type = sort_time;
2009 if (format == long_format)
2011 char *style = time_style_option;
2012 static char const posix_prefix[] = "posix-";
2015 if (! (style = getenv ("TIME_STYLE")))
2016 style = bad_cast ("locale");
2018 while (STREQ_LEN (style, posix_prefix, sizeof posix_prefix - 1))
2020 if (! hard_locale (LC_TIME))
2022 style += sizeof posix_prefix - 1;
2027 char *p0 = style + 1;
2028 char *p1 = strchr (p0, '\n');
2033 if (strchr (p1 + 1, '\n'))
2034 error (LS_FAILURE, 0, _("invalid time style format %s"),
2038 long_time_format[0] = p0;
2039 long_time_format[1] = p1;
2043 ptrdiff_t res = argmatch (style, time_style_args,
2044 (char const *) time_style_types,
2045 sizeof (*time_style_types));
2048 /* This whole block used to be a simple use of XARGMATCH.
2049 but that didn't print the "posix-"-prefixed variants or
2050 the "+"-prefixed format string option upon failure. */
2051 argmatch_invalid ("time style", style, res);
2053 /* The following is a manual expansion of argmatch_valid,
2054 but with the added "+ ..." description and the [posix-]
2055 prefixes prepended. Note that this simplification works
2056 only because all four existing time_style_types values
2058 fputs (_("Valid arguments are:\n"), stderr);
2059 char const *const *p = time_style_args;
2061 fprintf (stderr, " - [posix-]%s\n", *p++);
2062 fputs (_(" - +FORMAT (e.g., +%H:%M) for a 'date'-style"
2063 " format\n"), stderr);
2068 case full_iso_time_style:
2069 long_time_format[0] = long_time_format[1] =
2070 "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%N %z";
2073 case long_iso_time_style:
2074 long_time_format[0] = long_time_format[1] = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M";
2077 case iso_time_style:
2078 long_time_format[0] = "%Y-%m-%d ";
2079 long_time_format[1] = "%m-%d %H:%M";
2082 case locale_time_style:
2083 if (hard_locale (LC_TIME))
2086 for (i = 0; i < 2; i++)
2087 long_time_format[i] =
2088 dcgettext (NULL, long_time_format[i], LC_TIME);
2093 /* Note we leave %5b etc. alone so user widths/flags are honored. */
2094 if (strstr (long_time_format[0], "%b")
2095 || strstr (long_time_format[1], "%b"))
2097 error (0, 0, _("error initializing month strings"));
2103 /* Parse a string as part of the LS_COLORS variable; this may involve
2104 decoding all kinds of escape characters. If equals_end is set an
2105 unescaped equal sign ends the string, otherwise only a : or \0
2106 does. Set *OUTPUT_COUNT to the number of bytes output. Return
2109 The resulting string is *not* null-terminated, but may contain
2112 Note that both dest and src are char **; on return they point to
2113 the first free byte after the array and the character that ended
2114 the input string, respectively. */
2117 get_funky_string (char **dest, const char **src, bool equals_end,
2118 size_t *output_count)
2120 char num; /* For numerical codes */
2121 size_t count; /* Something to count with */
2123 ST_GND, ST_BACKSLASH, ST_OCTAL, ST_HEX, ST_CARET, ST_END, ST_ERROR
2128 p = *src; /* We don't want to double-indirect */
2129 q = *dest; /* the whole darn time. */
2131 count = 0; /* No characters counted in yet. */
2134 state = ST_GND; /* Start in ground state. */
2135 while (state < ST_END)
2139 case ST_GND: /* Ground state (no escapes) */
2144 state = ST_END; /* End of string */
2147 state = ST_BACKSLASH; /* Backslash scape sequence */
2151 state = ST_CARET; /* Caret escape */
2157 state = ST_END; /* End */
2160 /* else fall through */
2168 case ST_BACKSLASH: /* Backslash escaped character */
2179 state = ST_OCTAL; /* Octal sequence */
2184 state = ST_HEX; /* Hex sequence */
2187 case 'a': /* Bell */
2190 case 'b': /* Backspace */
2193 case 'e': /* Escape */
2196 case 'f': /* Form feed */
2199 case 'n': /* Newline */
2202 case 'r': /* Carriage return */
2208 case 'v': /* Vtab */
2211 case '?': /* Delete */
2214 case '_': /* Space */
2217 case '\0': /* End of string */
2218 state = ST_ERROR; /* Error! */
2220 default: /* Escaped character like \ ^ : = */
2224 if (state == ST_BACKSLASH)
2233 case ST_OCTAL: /* Octal sequence */
2234 if (*p < '0' || *p > '7')
2241 num = (num << 3) + (*(p++) - '0');
2244 case ST_HEX: /* Hex sequence */
2257 num = (num << 4) + (*(p++) - '0');
2265 num = (num << 4) + (*(p++) - 'a') + 10;
2273 num = (num << 4) + (*(p++) - 'A') + 10;
2283 case ST_CARET: /* Caret escape */
2284 state = ST_GND; /* Should be the next state... */
2285 if (*p >= '@' && *p <= '~')
2287 *(q++) = *(p++) & 037;
2306 *output_count = count;
2308 return state != ST_ERROR;
2322 parse_ls_color (void)
2324 const char *p; /* Pointer to character being parsed */
2325 char *buf; /* color_buf buffer pointer */
2326 int ind_no; /* Indicator number */
2327 char label[3]; /* Indicator label */
2328 struct color_ext_type *ext; /* Extension we are working on */
2330 if ((p = getenv ("LS_COLORS")) == NULL || *p == '\0')
2334 strcpy (label, "??");
2336 /* This is an overly conservative estimate, but any possible
2337 LS_COLORS string will *not* generate a color_buf longer than
2338 itself, so it is a safe way of allocating a buffer in
2340 buf = color_buf = xstrdup (p);
2342 enum parse_state state = PS_START;
2347 case PS_START: /* First label character */
2355 /* Allocate new extension block and add to head of
2356 linked list (this way a later definition will
2357 override an earlier one, which can be useful for
2358 having terminal-specific defs override global). */
2360 ext = xmalloc (sizeof *ext);
2361 ext->next = color_ext_list;
2362 color_ext_list = ext;
2365 ext->ext.string = buf;
2367 state = (get_funky_string (&buf, &p, true, &ext->ext.len)
2372 state = PS_DONE; /* Done! */
2375 default: /* Assume it is file type label */
2382 case PS_2: /* Second label character */
2389 state = PS_FAIL; /* Error */
2392 case PS_3: /* Equal sign after indicator label */
2393 state = PS_FAIL; /* Assume failure... */
2394 if (*(p++) == '=')/* It *should* be... */
2396 for (ind_no = 0; indicator_name[ind_no] != NULL; ++ind_no)
2398 if (STREQ (label, indicator_name[ind_no]))
2400 color_indicator[ind_no].string = buf;
2401 state = (get_funky_string (&buf, &p, false,
2402 &color_indicator[ind_no].len)
2403 ? PS_START : PS_FAIL);
2407 if (state == PS_FAIL)
2408 error (0, 0, _("unrecognized prefix: %s"), quotearg (label));
2412 case PS_4: /* Equal sign after *.ext */
2415 ext->seq.string = buf;
2416 state = (get_funky_string (&buf, &p, false, &ext->seq.len)
2417 ? PS_START : PS_FAIL);
2432 if (state == PS_FAIL)
2434 struct color_ext_type *e;
2435 struct color_ext_type *e2;
2438 _("unparsable value for LS_COLORS environment variable"));
2440 for (e = color_ext_list; e != NULL; /* empty */)
2446 print_with_color = false;
2449 if (color_indicator[C_LINK].len == 6
2450 && !STRNCMP_LIT (color_indicator[C_LINK].string, "target"))
2451 color_symlink_as_referent = true;
2454 /* Set the exit status to report a failure. If SERIOUS, it is a
2455 serious failure; otherwise, it is merely a minor problem. */
2458 set_exit_status (bool serious)
2461 exit_status = LS_FAILURE;
2462 else if (exit_status == EXIT_SUCCESS)
2463 exit_status = LS_MINOR_PROBLEM;
2466 /* Assuming a failure is serious if SERIOUS, use the printf-style
2467 MESSAGE to report the failure to access a file named FILE. Assume
2468 errno is set appropriately for the failure. */
2471 file_failure (bool serious, char const *message, char const *file)
2473 error (0, errno, message, quotearg_colon (file));
2474 set_exit_status (serious);
2477 /* Request that the directory named NAME have its contents listed later.
2478 If REALNAME is nonzero, it will be used instead of NAME when the
2479 directory name is printed. This allows symbolic links to directories
2480 to be treated as regular directories but still be listed under their
2481 real names. NAME == NULL is used to insert a marker entry for the
2482 directory named in REALNAME.
2483 If NAME is non-NULL, we use its dev/ino information to save
2484 a call to stat -- when doing a recursive (-R) traversal.
2485 COMMAND_LINE_ARG means this directory was mentioned on the command line. */
2488 queue_directory (char const *name, char const *realname, bool command_line_arg)
2490 struct pending *new = xmalloc (sizeof *new);
2491 new->realname = realname ? xstrdup (realname) : NULL;
2492 new->name = name ? xstrdup (name) : NULL;
2493 new->command_line_arg = command_line_arg;
2494 new->next = pending_dirs;
2498 /* Read directory NAME, and list the files in it.
2499 If REALNAME is nonzero, print its name instead of NAME;
2500 this is used for symbolic links to directories.
2501 COMMAND_LINE_ARG means this directory was mentioned on the command line. */
2504 print_dir (char const *name, char const *realname, bool command_line_arg)
2507 struct dirent *next;
2508 uintmax_t total_blocks = 0;
2509 static bool first = true;
2512 dirp = opendir (name);
2515 file_failure (command_line_arg, _("cannot open directory %s"), name);
2521 struct stat dir_stat;
2522 int fd = dirfd (dirp);
2524 /* If dirfd failed, endure the overhead of using stat. */
2526 ? fstat (fd, &dir_stat)
2527 : stat (name, &dir_stat)) < 0)
2529 file_failure (command_line_arg,
2530 _("cannot determine device and inode of %s"), name);
2535 /* If we've already visited this dev/inode pair, warn that
2536 we've found a loop, and do not process this directory. */
2537 if (visit_dir (dir_stat.st_dev, dir_stat.st_ino))
2539 error (0, 0, _("%s: not listing already-listed directory"),
2540 quotearg_colon (name));
2542 set_exit_status (true);
2546 DEV_INO_PUSH (dir_stat.st_dev, dir_stat.st_ino);
2549 if (recursive || print_dir_name)
2552 DIRED_PUTCHAR ('\n');
2555 PUSH_CURRENT_DIRED_POS (&subdired_obstack);
2556 dired_pos += quote_name (stdout, realname ? realname : name,
2557 dirname_quoting_options, NULL);
2558 PUSH_CURRENT_DIRED_POS (&subdired_obstack);
2559 DIRED_FPUTS_LITERAL (":\n", stdout);
2562 /* Read the directory entries, and insert the subfiles into the 'cwd_file'
2569 /* Set errno to zero so we can distinguish between a readdir failure
2570 and when readdir simply finds that there are no more entries. */
2572 next = readdir (dirp);
2575 if (! file_ignored (next->d_name))
2577 enum filetype type = unknown;
2579 #if HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_TYPE
2580 switch (next->d_type)
2582 case DT_BLK: type = blockdev; break;
2583 case DT_CHR: type = chardev; break;
2584 case DT_DIR: type = directory; break;
2585 case DT_FIFO: type = fifo; break;
2586 case DT_LNK: type = symbolic_link; break;
2587 case DT_REG: type = normal; break;
2588 case DT_SOCK: type = sock; break;
2590 case DT_WHT: type = whiteout; break;
2594 total_blocks += gobble_file (next->d_name, type,
2595 RELIABLE_D_INO (next),
2598 /* In this narrow case, print out each name right away, so
2599 ls uses constant memory while processing the entries of
2600 this directory. Useful when there are many (millions)
2601 of entries in a directory. */
2602 if (format == one_per_line && sort_type == sort_none
2603 && !print_block_size && !recursive)
2605 /* We must call sort_files in spite of
2606 "sort_type == sort_none" for its initialization
2607 of the sorted_file vector. */
2609 print_current_files ();
2614 else if (errno != 0)
2616 file_failure (command_line_arg, _("reading directory %s"), name);
2617 if (errno != EOVERFLOW)
2623 /* When processing a very large directory, and since we've inhibited
2624 interrupts, this loop would take so long that ls would be annoyingly
2625 uninterruptible. This ensures that it handles signals promptly. */
2629 if (closedir (dirp) != 0)
2631 file_failure (command_line_arg, _("closing directory %s"), name);
2632 /* Don't return; print whatever we got. */
2635 /* Sort the directory contents. */
2638 /* If any member files are subdirectories, perhaps they should have their
2639 contents listed rather than being mentioned here as files. */
2642 extract_dirs_from_files (name, command_line_arg);
2644 if (format == long_format || print_block_size)
2647 char buf[LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1];
2651 DIRED_FPUTS (p, stdout, strlen (p));
2652 DIRED_PUTCHAR (' ');
2653 p = human_readable (total_blocks, buf, human_output_opts,
2654 ST_NBLOCKSIZE, output_block_size);
2655 DIRED_FPUTS (p, stdout, strlen (p));
2656 DIRED_PUTCHAR ('\n');
2660 print_current_files ();
2663 /* Add 'pattern' to the list of patterns for which files that match are
2667 add_ignore_pattern (const char *pattern)
2669 struct ignore_pattern *ignore;
2671 ignore = xmalloc (sizeof *ignore);
2672 ignore->pattern = pattern;
2673 /* Add it to the head of the linked list. */
2674 ignore->next = ignore_patterns;
2675 ignore_patterns = ignore;
2678 /* Return true if one of the PATTERNS matches FILE. */
2681 patterns_match (struct ignore_pattern const *patterns, char const *file)
2683 struct ignore_pattern const *p;
2684 for (p = patterns; p; p = p->next)
2685 if (fnmatch (p->pattern, file, FNM_PERIOD) == 0)
2690 /* Return true if FILE should be ignored. */
2693 file_ignored (char const *name)
2695 return ((ignore_mode != IGNORE_MINIMAL
2697 && (ignore_mode == IGNORE_DEFAULT || ! name[1 + (name[1] == '.')]))
2698 || (ignore_mode == IGNORE_DEFAULT
2699 && patterns_match (hide_patterns, name))
2700 || patterns_match (ignore_patterns, name));
2703 /* POSIX requires that a file size be printed without a sign, even
2704 when negative. Assume the typical case where negative sizes are
2705 actually positive values that have wrapped around. */
2708 unsigned_file_size (off_t size)
2710 return size + (size < 0) * ((uintmax_t) OFF_T_MAX - OFF_T_MIN + 1);
2714 /* Return true if NAME has a capability (see linux/capability.h) */
2716 has_capability (char const *name)
2721 cap_t cap_d = cap_get_file (name);
2725 result = cap_to_text (cap_d, NULL);
2730 /* check if human-readable capability string is empty */
2731 has_cap = !!*result;
2738 has_capability (char const *name ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
2745 /* Enter and remove entries in the table 'cwd_file'. */
2748 free_ent (struct fileinfo *f)
2752 if (f->scontext != UNKNOWN_SECURITY_CONTEXT)
2754 if (is_smack_enabled ())
2757 freecon (f->scontext);
2761 /* Empty the table of files. */
2767 for (i = 0; i < cwd_n_used; i++)
2769 struct fileinfo *f = sorted_file[i];
2774 any_has_acl = false;
2775 inode_number_width = 0;
2776 block_size_width = 0;
2782 major_device_number_width = 0;
2783 minor_device_number_width = 0;
2784 file_size_width = 0;
2787 /* Return true if ERR implies lack-of-support failure by a
2788 getxattr-calling function like getfilecon or file_has_acl. */
2790 errno_unsupported (int err)
2792 return (err == EINVAL
2795 || err == EOPNOTSUPP);
2798 /* Cache *getfilecon failure, when it's trivial to do so.
2799 Like getfilecon/lgetfilecon, but when F's st_dev says it's on a known-
2800 SELinux-challenged file system, fail with ENOTSUP immediately. */
2802 getfilecon_cache (char const *file, struct fileinfo *f, bool deref)
2804 /* st_dev of the most recently processed device for which we've
2805 found that [l]getfilecon fails indicating lack of support. */
2806 static dev_t unsupported_device;
2808 if (f->stat.st_dev == unsupported_device)
2815 if (is_smack_enabled ())
2816 r = smack_new_label_from_path (file, "security.SMACK64", deref,
2821 ? getfilecon (file, &f->scontext)
2822 : lgetfilecon (file, &f->scontext));
2823 if (r < 0 && errno_unsupported (errno))
2824 unsupported_device = f->stat.st_dev;
2828 /* Cache file_has_acl failure, when it's trivial to do.
2829 Like file_has_acl, but when F's st_dev says it's on a file
2830 system lacking ACL support, return 0 with ENOTSUP immediately. */
2832 file_has_acl_cache (char const *file, struct fileinfo *f)
2834 /* st_dev of the most recently processed device for which we've
2835 found that file_has_acl fails indicating lack of support. */
2836 static dev_t unsupported_device;
2838 if (f->stat.st_dev == unsupported_device)
2844 /* Zero errno so that we can distinguish between two 0-returning cases:
2845 "has-ACL-support, but only a default ACL" and "no ACL support". */
2847 int n = file_has_acl (file, &f->stat);
2848 if (n <= 0 && errno_unsupported (errno))
2849 unsupported_device = f->stat.st_dev;
2853 /* Cache has_capability failure, when it's trivial to do.
2854 Like has_capability, but when F's st_dev says it's on a file
2855 system lacking capability support, return 0 with ENOTSUP immediately. */
2857 has_capability_cache (char const *file, struct fileinfo *f)
2859 /* st_dev of the most recently processed device for which we've
2860 found that has_capability fails indicating lack of support. */
2861 static dev_t unsupported_device;
2863 if (f->stat.st_dev == unsupported_device)
2869 bool b = has_capability (file);
2870 if ( !b && errno_unsupported (errno))
2871 unsupported_device = f->stat.st_dev;
2875 /* Add a file to the current table of files.
2876 Verify that the file exists, and print an error message if it does not.
2877 Return the number of blocks that the file occupies. */
2879 gobble_file (char const *name, enum filetype type, ino_t inode,
2880 bool command_line_arg, char const *dirname)
2882 uintmax_t blocks = 0;
2885 /* An inode value prior to gobble_file necessarily came from readdir,
2886 which is not used for command line arguments. */
2887 assert (! command_line_arg || inode == NOT_AN_INODE_NUMBER);
2889 if (cwd_n_used == cwd_n_alloc)
2891 cwd_file = xnrealloc (cwd_file, cwd_n_alloc, 2 * sizeof *cwd_file);
2895 f = &cwd_file[cwd_n_used];
2896 memset (f, '\0', sizeof *f);
2897 f->stat.st_ino = inode;
2900 if (command_line_arg
2901 || format_needs_stat
2902 /* When coloring a directory (we may know the type from
2903 direct.d_type), we have to stat it in order to indicate
2904 sticky and/or other-writable attributes. */
2905 || (type == directory && print_with_color
2906 && (is_colored (C_OTHER_WRITABLE)
2907 || is_colored (C_STICKY)
2908 || is_colored (C_STICKY_OTHER_WRITABLE)))
2909 /* When dereferencing symlinks, the inode and type must come from
2910 stat, but readdir provides the inode and type of lstat. */
2911 || ((print_inode || format_needs_type)
2912 && (type == symbolic_link || type == unknown)
2913 && (dereference == DEREF_ALWAYS
2914 || (command_line_arg && dereference != DEREF_NEVER)
2915 || color_symlink_as_referent || check_symlink_color))
2916 /* Command line dereferences are already taken care of by the above
2917 assertion that the inode number is not yet known. */
2918 || (print_inode && inode == NOT_AN_INODE_NUMBER)
2919 || (format_needs_type
2920 && (type == unknown || command_line_arg
2921 /* --indicator-style=classify (aka -F)
2922 requires that we stat each regular file
2923 to see if it's executable. */
2924 || (type == normal && (indicator_style == classify
2925 /* This is so that --color ends up
2926 highlighting files with these mode
2927 bits set even when options like -F are
2928 not specified. Note we do a redundant
2929 stat in the very unlikely case where
2930 C_CAP is set but not the others. */
2931 || (print_with_color
2932 && (is_colored (C_EXEC)
2933 || is_colored (C_SETUID)
2934 || is_colored (C_SETGID)
2935 || is_colored (C_CAP)))
2939 /* Absolute name of this file. */
2940 char *absolute_name;
2944 if (name[0] == '/' || dirname[0] == 0)
2945 absolute_name = (char *) name;
2948 absolute_name = alloca (strlen (name) + strlen (dirname) + 2);
2949 attach (absolute_name, dirname, name);
2952 switch (dereference)
2955 err = stat (absolute_name, &f->stat);
2959 case DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_ARGUMENTS:
2960 case DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_SYMLINK_TO_DIR:
2961 if (command_line_arg)
2964 err = stat (absolute_name, &f->stat);
2967 if (dereference == DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_ARGUMENTS)
2970 need_lstat = (err < 0
2972 : ! S_ISDIR (f->stat.st_mode));
2976 /* stat failed because of ENOENT, maybe indicating a dangling
2977 symlink. Or stat succeeded, ABSOLUTE_NAME does not refer to a
2978 directory, and --dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir is
2979 in effect. Fall through so that we call lstat instead. */
2982 default: /* DEREF_NEVER */
2983 err = lstat (absolute_name, &f->stat);
2990 /* Failure to stat a command line argument leads to
2991 an exit status of 2. For other files, stat failure
2992 provokes an exit status of 1. */
2993 file_failure (command_line_arg,
2994 _("cannot access %s"), absolute_name);
2995 if (command_line_arg)
2998 f->name = xstrdup (name);
3006 /* Note has_capability() adds around 30% runtime to 'ls --color' */
3007 if ((type == normal || S_ISREG (f->stat.st_mode))
3008 && print_with_color && is_colored (C_CAP))
3009 f->has_capability = has_capability_cache (absolute_name, f);
3011 if (format == long_format || print_scontext)
3013 bool have_scontext = false;
3014 bool have_acl = false;
3015 int attr_len = getfilecon_cache (absolute_name, f, do_deref);
3016 err = (attr_len < 0);
3020 if (is_smack_enabled ())
3021 have_scontext = ! STREQ ("_", f->scontext);
3023 have_scontext = ! STREQ ("unlabeled", f->scontext);
3027 f->scontext = UNKNOWN_SECURITY_CONTEXT;
3029 /* When requesting security context information, don't make
3030 ls fail just because the file (even a command line argument)
3031 isn't on the right type of file system. I.e., a getfilecon
3032 failure isn't in the same class as a stat failure. */
3033 if (errno == ENOTSUP || errno == EOPNOTSUPP || errno == ENODATA)
3037 if (err == 0 && format == long_format)
3039 int n = file_has_acl_cache (absolute_name, f);
3044 f->acl_type = (!have_scontext && !have_acl
3046 : (have_scontext && !have_acl
3047 ? ACL_T_SELINUX_ONLY
3049 any_has_acl |= f->acl_type != ACL_T_NONE;
3052 error (0, errno, "%s", quotearg_colon (absolute_name));
3055 if (S_ISLNK (f->stat.st_mode)
3056 && (format == long_format || check_symlink_color))
3058 struct stat linkstats;
3060 get_link_name (absolute_name, f, command_line_arg);
3061 char *linkname = make_link_name (absolute_name, f->linkname);
3063 /* Avoid following symbolic links when possible, ie, when
3064 they won't be traced and when no indicator is needed. */
3066 && (file_type <= indicator_style || check_symlink_color)
3067 && stat (linkname, &linkstats) == 0)
3071 /* Symbolic links to directories that are mentioned on the
3072 command line are automatically traced if not being
3074 if (!command_line_arg || format == long_format
3075 || !S_ISDIR (linkstats.st_mode))
3077 /* Get the linked-to file's mode for the filetype indicator
3078 in long listings. */
3079 f->linkmode = linkstats.st_mode;
3085 if (S_ISLNK (f->stat.st_mode))
3086 f->filetype = symbolic_link;
3087 else if (S_ISDIR (f->stat.st_mode))
3089 if (command_line_arg && !immediate_dirs)
3090 f->filetype = arg_directory;
3092 f->filetype = directory;
3095 f->filetype = normal;
3097 blocks = ST_NBLOCKS (f->stat);
3098 if (format == long_format || print_block_size)
3100 char buf[LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1];
3101 int len = mbswidth (human_readable (blocks, buf, human_output_opts,
3102 ST_NBLOCKSIZE, output_block_size),
3104 if (block_size_width < len)
3105 block_size_width = len;
3108 if (format == long_format)
3112 int len = format_user_width (f->stat.st_uid);
3113 if (owner_width < len)
3119 int len = format_group_width (f->stat.st_gid);
3120 if (group_width < len)
3126 int len = format_user_width (f->stat.st_author);
3127 if (author_width < len)
3134 int len = strlen (f->scontext);
3135 if (scontext_width < len)
3136 scontext_width = len;
3139 if (format == long_format)
3141 char b[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t)];
3142 int b_len = strlen (umaxtostr (f->stat.st_nlink, b));
3143 if (nlink_width < b_len)
3144 nlink_width = b_len;
3146 if (S_ISCHR (f->stat.st_mode) || S_ISBLK (f->stat.st_mode))
3148 char buf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t)];
3149 int len = strlen (umaxtostr (major (f->stat.st_rdev), buf));
3150 if (major_device_number_width < len)
3151 major_device_number_width = len;
3152 len = strlen (umaxtostr (minor (f->stat.st_rdev), buf));
3153 if (minor_device_number_width < len)
3154 minor_device_number_width = len;
3155 len = major_device_number_width + 2 + minor_device_number_width;
3156 if (file_size_width < len)
3157 file_size_width = len;
3161 char buf[LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1];
3162 uintmax_t size = unsigned_file_size (f->stat.st_size);
3163 int len = mbswidth (human_readable (size, buf,
3164 file_human_output_opts,
3165 1, file_output_block_size),
3167 if (file_size_width < len)
3168 file_size_width = len;
3175 char buf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t)];
3176 int len = strlen (umaxtostr (f->stat.st_ino, buf));
3177 if (inode_number_width < len)
3178 inode_number_width = len;
3181 f->name = xstrdup (name);
3187 /* Return true if F refers to a directory. */
3189 is_directory (const struct fileinfo *f)
3191 return f->filetype == directory || f->filetype == arg_directory;
3194 /* Put the name of the file that FILENAME is a symbolic link to
3195 into the LINKNAME field of 'f'. COMMAND_LINE_ARG indicates whether
3196 FILENAME is a command-line argument. */
3199 get_link_name (char const *filename, struct fileinfo *f, bool command_line_arg)
3201 f->linkname = areadlink_with_size (filename, f->stat.st_size);
3202 if (f->linkname == NULL)
3203 file_failure (command_line_arg, _("cannot read symbolic link %s"),
3207 /* If LINKNAME is a relative name and NAME contains one or more
3208 leading directories, return LINKNAME with those directories
3209 prepended; otherwise, return a copy of LINKNAME.
3210 If LINKNAME is NULL, return NULL. */
3213 make_link_name (char const *name, char const *linkname)
3218 if (IS_ABSOLUTE_FILE_NAME (linkname))
3219 return xstrdup (linkname);
3221 /* The link is to a relative name. Prepend any leading directory
3222 in 'name' to the link name. */
3223 size_t prefix_len = dir_len (name);
3224 if (prefix_len == 0)
3225 return xstrdup (linkname);
3227 char *p = xmalloc (prefix_len + 1 + strlen (linkname) + 1);
3229 /* PREFIX_LEN usually specifies a string not ending in slash.
3230 In that case, extend it by one, since the next byte *is* a slash.
3231 Otherwise, the prefix is "/", so leave the length unchanged. */
3232 if ( ! ISSLASH (name[prefix_len - 1]))
3235 stpcpy (stpncpy (p, name, prefix_len), linkname);
3239 /* Return true if the last component of NAME is '.' or '..'
3240 This is so we don't try to recurse on '././././. ...' */
3243 basename_is_dot_or_dotdot (const char *name)
3245 char const *base = last_component (name);
3246 return dot_or_dotdot (base);
3249 /* Remove any entries from CWD_FILE that are for directories,
3250 and queue them to be listed as directories instead.
3251 DIRNAME is the prefix to prepend to each dirname
3252 to make it correct relative to ls's working dir;
3253 if it is null, no prefix is needed and "." and ".." should not be ignored.
3254 If COMMAND_LINE_ARG is true, this directory was mentioned at the top level,
3255 This is desirable when processing directories recursively. */
3258 extract_dirs_from_files (char const *dirname, bool command_line_arg)
3262 bool ignore_dot_and_dot_dot = (dirname != NULL);
3264 if (dirname && LOOP_DETECT)
3266 /* Insert a marker entry first. When we dequeue this marker entry,
3267 we'll know that DIRNAME has been processed and may be removed
3268 from the set of active directories. */
3269 queue_directory (NULL, dirname, false);
3272 /* Queue the directories last one first, because queueing reverses the
3274 for (i = cwd_n_used; i-- != 0; )
3276 struct fileinfo *f = sorted_file[i];
3278 if (is_directory (f)
3279 && (! ignore_dot_and_dot_dot
3280 || ! basename_is_dot_or_dotdot (f->name)))
3282 if (!dirname || f->name[0] == '/')
3283 queue_directory (f->name, f->linkname, command_line_arg);
3286 char *name = file_name_concat (dirname, f->name, NULL);
3287 queue_directory (name, f->linkname, command_line_arg);
3290 if (f->filetype == arg_directory)
3295 /* Now delete the directories from the table, compacting all the remaining
3298 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < cwd_n_used; i++)
3300 struct fileinfo *f = sorted_file[i];
3302 j += (f->filetype != arg_directory);
3307 /* Use strcoll to compare strings in this locale. If an error occurs,
3308 report an error and longjmp to failed_strcoll. */
3310 static jmp_buf failed_strcoll;
3313 xstrcoll (char const *a, char const *b)
3317 diff = strcoll (a, b);
3320 error (0, errno, _("cannot compare file names %s and %s"),
3321 quote_n (0, a), quote_n (1, b));
3322 set_exit_status (false);
3323 longjmp (failed_strcoll, 1);
3328 /* Comparison routines for sorting the files. */
3330 typedef void const *V;
3331 typedef int (*qsortFunc)(V a, V b);
3333 /* Used below in DEFINE_SORT_FUNCTIONS for _df_ sort function variants.
3334 The do { ... } while(0) makes it possible to use the macro more like
3335 a statement, without violating C89 rules: */
3336 #define DIRFIRST_CHECK(a, b) \
3339 bool a_is_dir = is_directory ((struct fileinfo const *) a); \
3340 bool b_is_dir = is_directory ((struct fileinfo const *) b); \
3341 if (a_is_dir && !b_is_dir) \
3342 return -1; /* a goes before b */ \
3343 if (!a_is_dir && b_is_dir) \
3344 return 1; /* b goes before a */ \
3348 /* Define the 8 different sort function variants required for each sortkey.
3349 KEY_NAME is a token describing the sort key, e.g., ctime, atime, size.
3350 KEY_CMP_FUNC is a function to compare records based on that key, e.g.,
3351 ctime_cmp, atime_cmp, size_cmp. Append KEY_NAME to the string,
3352 '[rev_][x]str{cmp|coll}[_df]_', to create each function name. */
3353 #define DEFINE_SORT_FUNCTIONS(key_name, key_cmp_func) \
3354 /* direct, non-dirfirst versions */ \
3355 static int xstrcoll_##key_name (V a, V b) \
3356 { return key_cmp_func (a, b, xstrcoll); } \
3357 static int strcmp_##key_name (V a, V b) \
3358 { return key_cmp_func (a, b, strcmp); } \
3360 /* reverse, non-dirfirst versions */ \
3361 static int rev_xstrcoll_##key_name (V a, V b) \
3362 { return key_cmp_func (b, a, xstrcoll); } \
3363 static int rev_strcmp_##key_name (V a, V b) \
3364 { return key_cmp_func (b, a, strcmp); } \
3366 /* direct, dirfirst versions */ \
3367 static int xstrcoll_df_##key_name (V a, V b) \
3368 { DIRFIRST_CHECK (a, b); return key_cmp_func (a, b, xstrcoll); } \
3369 static int strcmp_df_##key_name (V a, V b) \
3370 { DIRFIRST_CHECK (a, b); return key_cmp_func (a, b, strcmp); } \
3372 /* reverse, dirfirst versions */ \
3373 static int rev_xstrcoll_df_##key_name (V a, V b) \
3374 { DIRFIRST_CHECK (a, b); return key_cmp_func (b, a, xstrcoll); } \
3375 static int rev_strcmp_df_##key_name (V a, V b) \
3376 { DIRFIRST_CHECK (a, b); return key_cmp_func (b, a, strcmp); }
3379 cmp_ctime (struct fileinfo const *a, struct fileinfo const *b,
3380 int (*cmp) (char const *, char const *))
3382 int diff = timespec_cmp (get_stat_ctime (&b->stat),
3383 get_stat_ctime (&a->stat));
3384 return diff ? diff : cmp (a->name, b->name);
3388 cmp_mtime (struct fileinfo const *a, struct fileinfo const *b,
3389 int (*cmp) (char const *, char const *))
3391 int diff = timespec_cmp (get_stat_mtime (&b->stat),
3392 get_stat_mtime (&a->stat));
3393 return diff ? diff : cmp (a->name, b->name);
3397 cmp_atime (struct fileinfo const *a, struct fileinfo const *b,
3398 int (*cmp) (char const *, char const *))
3400 int diff = timespec_cmp (get_stat_atime (&b->stat),
3401 get_stat_atime (&a->stat));
3402 return diff ? diff : cmp (a->name, b->name);
3406 cmp_size (struct fileinfo const *a, struct fileinfo const *b,
3407 int (*cmp) (char const *, char const *))
3409 int diff = longdiff (b->stat.st_size, a->stat.st_size);
3410 return diff ? diff : cmp (a->name, b->name);
3414 cmp_name (struct fileinfo const *a, struct fileinfo const *b,
3415 int (*cmp) (char const *, char const *))
3417 return cmp (a->name, b->name);
3420 /* Compare file extensions. Files with no extension are 'smallest'.
3421 If extensions are the same, compare by filenames instead. */
3424 cmp_extension (struct fileinfo const *a, struct fileinfo const *b,
3425 int (*cmp) (char const *, char const *))
3427 char const *base1 = strrchr (a->name, '.');
3428 char const *base2 = strrchr (b->name, '.');
3429 int diff = cmp (base1 ? base1 : "", base2 ? base2 : "");
3430 return diff ? diff : cmp (a->name, b->name);
3433 DEFINE_SORT_FUNCTIONS (ctime, cmp_ctime)
3434 DEFINE_SORT_FUNCTIONS (mtime, cmp_mtime)
3435 DEFINE_SORT_FUNCTIONS (atime, cmp_atime)
3436 DEFINE_SORT_FUNCTIONS (size, cmp_size)
3437 DEFINE_SORT_FUNCTIONS (name, cmp_name)
3438 DEFINE_SORT_FUNCTIONS (extension, cmp_extension)
3440 /* Compare file versions.
3441 Unlike all other compare functions above, cmp_version depends only
3442 on filevercmp, which does not fail (even for locale reasons), and does not
3443 need a secondary sort key. See lib/filevercmp.h for function description.
3445 All the other sort options, in fact, need xstrcoll and strcmp variants,
3446 because they all use a string comparison (either as the primary or secondary
3447 sort key), and xstrcoll has the ability to do a longjmp if strcoll fails for
3448 locale reasons. Lastly, filevercmp is ALWAYS available with gnulib. */
3450 cmp_version (struct fileinfo const *a, struct fileinfo const *b)
3452 return filevercmp (a->name, b->name);
3455 static int xstrcoll_version (V a, V b)
3456 { return cmp_version (a, b); }
3457 static int rev_xstrcoll_version (V a, V b)
3458 { return cmp_version (b, a); }
3459 static int xstrcoll_df_version (V a, V b)
3460 { DIRFIRST_CHECK (a, b); return cmp_version (a, b); }
3461 static int rev_xstrcoll_df_version (V a, V b)
3462 { DIRFIRST_CHECK (a, b); return cmp_version (b, a); }
3465 /* We have 2^3 different variants for each sort-key function
3466 (for 3 independent sort modes).
3467 The function pointers stored in this array must be dereferenced as:
3469 sort_variants[sort_key][use_strcmp][reverse][dirs_first]
3471 Note that the order in which sort keys are listed in the function pointer
3472 array below is defined by the order of the elements in the time_type and
3475 #define LIST_SORTFUNCTION_VARIANTS(key_name) \
3478 { xstrcoll_##key_name, xstrcoll_df_##key_name }, \
3479 { rev_xstrcoll_##key_name, rev_xstrcoll_df_##key_name }, \
3482 { strcmp_##key_name, strcmp_df_##key_name }, \
3483 { rev_strcmp_##key_name, rev_strcmp_df_##key_name }, \
3487 static qsortFunc const sort_functions[][2][2][2] =
3489 LIST_SORTFUNCTION_VARIANTS (name),
3490 LIST_SORTFUNCTION_VARIANTS (extension),
3491 LIST_SORTFUNCTION_VARIANTS (size),
3495 { xstrcoll_version, xstrcoll_df_version },
3496 { rev_xstrcoll_version, rev_xstrcoll_df_version },
3499 /* We use NULL for the strcmp variants of version comparison
3500 since as explained in cmp_version definition, version comparison
3501 does not rely on xstrcoll, so it will never longjmp, and never
3502 need to try the strcmp fallback. */
3509 /* last are time sort functions */
3510 LIST_SORTFUNCTION_VARIANTS (mtime),
3511 LIST_SORTFUNCTION_VARIANTS (ctime),
3512 LIST_SORTFUNCTION_VARIANTS (atime)
3515 /* The number of sort keys is calculated as the sum of
3516 the number of elements in the sort_type enum (i.e. sort_numtypes)
3517 the number of elements in the time_type enum (i.e. time_numtypes) - 1
3518 This is because when sort_type==sort_time, we have up to
3519 time_numtypes possible sort keys.
3521 This line verifies at compile-time that the array of sort functions has been
3522 initialized for all possible sort keys. */
3523 verify (ARRAY_CARDINALITY (sort_functions)
3524 == sort_numtypes + time_numtypes - 1 );
3526 /* Set up SORTED_FILE to point to the in-use entries in CWD_FILE, in order. */
3529 initialize_ordering_vector (void)
3532 for (i = 0; i < cwd_n_used; i++)
3533 sorted_file[i] = &cwd_file[i];
3536 /* Sort the files now in the table. */
3543 if (sorted_file_alloc < cwd_n_used + cwd_n_used / 2)
3546 sorted_file = xnmalloc (cwd_n_used, 3 * sizeof *sorted_file);
3547 sorted_file_alloc = 3 * cwd_n_used;
3550 initialize_ordering_vector ();
3552 if (sort_type == sort_none)
3555 /* Try strcoll. If it fails, fall back on strcmp. We can't safely
3556 ignore strcoll failures, as a failing strcoll might be a
3557 comparison function that is not a total order, and if we ignored
3558 the failure this might cause qsort to dump core. */
3560 if (! setjmp (failed_strcoll))
3561 use_strcmp = false; /* strcoll() succeeded */
3565 assert (sort_type != sort_version);
3566 initialize_ordering_vector ();
3569 /* When sort_type == sort_time, use time_type as subindex. */
3570 mpsort ((void const **) sorted_file, cwd_n_used,
3571 sort_functions[sort_type + (sort_type == sort_time ? time_type : 0)]
3572 [use_strcmp][sort_reverse]
3573 [directories_first]);
3576 /* List all the files now in the table. */
3579 print_current_files (void)
3586 for (i = 0; i < cwd_n_used; i++)
3588 print_file_name_and_frills (sorted_file[i], 0);
3594 print_many_per_line ();
3598 print_horizontal ();
3602 print_with_commas ();
3606 for (i = 0; i < cwd_n_used; i++)
3608 set_normal_color ();
3609 print_long_format (sorted_file[i]);
3610 DIRED_PUTCHAR ('\n');
3616 /* Replace the first %b with precomputed aligned month names.
3617 Note on glibc-2.7 at least, this speeds up the whole 'ls -lU'
3618 process by around 17%, compared to letting strftime() handle the %b. */
3621 align_nstrftime (char *buf, size_t size, char const *fmt, struct tm const *tm,
3622 int __utc, int __ns)
3624 const char *nfmt = fmt;
3625 /* In the unlikely event that rpl_fmt below is not large enough,
3626 the replacement is not done. A malloc here slows ls down by 2% */
3627 char rpl_fmt[sizeof (abmon[0]) + 100];
3629 if (required_mon_width && (pb = strstr (fmt, "%b")))
3631 if (strlen (fmt) < (sizeof (rpl_fmt) - sizeof (abmon[0]) + 2))
3633 char *pfmt = rpl_fmt;
3636 pfmt = mempcpy (pfmt, fmt, pb - fmt);
3637 pfmt = stpcpy (pfmt, abmon[tm->tm_mon]);
3638 strcpy (pfmt, pb + 2);
3641 size_t ret = nstrftime (buf, size, nfmt, tm, __utc, __ns);
3645 /* Return the expected number of columns in a long-format time stamp,
3646 or zero if it cannot be calculated. */
3649 long_time_expected_width (void)
3651 static int width = -1;
3656 struct tm const *tm = localtime (&epoch);
3657 char buf[TIME_STAMP_LEN_MAXIMUM + 1];
3659 /* In case you're wondering if localtime can fail with an input time_t
3660 value of 0, let's just say it's very unlikely, but not inconceivable.
3661 The TZ environment variable would have to specify a time zone that
3662 is 2**31-1900 years or more ahead of UTC. This could happen only on
3663 a 64-bit system that blindly accepts e.g., TZ=UTC+20000000000000.
3664 However, this is not possible with Solaris 10 or glibc-2.3.5, since
3665 their implementations limit the offset to 167:59 and 24:00, resp. */
3669 align_nstrftime (buf, sizeof buf, long_time_format[0], tm, 0, 0);
3671 width = mbsnwidth (buf, len, 0);
3681 /* Print the user or group name NAME, with numeric id ID, using a
3682 print width of WIDTH columns. */
3685 format_user_or_group (char const *name, unsigned long int id, int width)
3691 int width_gap = width - mbswidth (name, 0);
3692 int pad = MAX (0, width_gap);
3693 fputs (name, stdout);
3694 len = strlen (name) + pad;
3702 printf ("%*lu ", width, id);
3706 dired_pos += len + 1;
3709 /* Print the name or id of the user with id U, using a print width of
3713 format_user (uid_t u, int width, bool stat_ok)
3715 format_user_or_group (! stat_ok ? "?" :
3716 (numeric_ids ? NULL : getuser (u)), u, width);
3719 /* Likewise, for groups. */
3722 format_group (gid_t g, int width, bool stat_ok)
3724 format_user_or_group (! stat_ok ? "?" :
3725 (numeric_ids ? NULL : getgroup (g)), g, width);
3728 /* Return the number of columns that format_user_or_group will print. */
3731 format_user_or_group_width (char const *name, unsigned long int id)
3735 int len = mbswidth (name, 0);
3736 return MAX (0, len);
3740 char buf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (id)];
3741 sprintf (buf, "%lu", id);
3742 return strlen (buf);
3746 /* Return the number of columns that format_user will print. */
3749 format_user_width (uid_t u)
3751 return format_user_or_group_width (numeric_ids ? NULL : getuser (u), u);
3754 /* Likewise, for groups. */
3757 format_group_width (gid_t g)
3759 return format_user_or_group_width (numeric_ids ? NULL : getgroup (g), g);
3762 /* Return a pointer to a formatted version of F->stat.st_ino,
3763 possibly using buffer, BUF, of length BUFLEN, which must be at least
3764 INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t) bytes. */
3766 format_inode (char *buf, size_t buflen, const struct fileinfo *f)
3768 assert (INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t) <= buflen);
3769 return (f->stat_ok && f->stat.st_ino != NOT_AN_INODE_NUMBER
3770 ? umaxtostr (f->stat.st_ino, buf)
3774 /* Print information about F in long format. */
3776 print_long_format (const struct fileinfo *f)
3780 [LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1 /* inode */
3781 + LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1 /* size in blocks */
3782 + sizeof (modebuf) - 1 + 1 /* mode string */
3783 + INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t) /* st_nlink */
3784 + LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 2 /* major device number */
3785 + LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1 /* minor device number */
3786 + TIME_STAMP_LEN_MAXIMUM + 1 /* max length of time/date */
3790 struct timespec when_timespec;
3791 struct tm *when_local;
3793 /* Compute the mode string, except remove the trailing space if no
3794 file in this directory has an ACL or SELinux security context. */
3796 filemodestring (&f->stat, modebuf);
3799 modebuf[0] = filetype_letter[f->filetype];
3800 memset (modebuf + 1, '?', 10);
3805 else if (f->acl_type == ACL_T_SELINUX_ONLY)
3807 else if (f->acl_type == ACL_T_YES)
3813 when_timespec = get_stat_ctime (&f->stat);
3816 when_timespec = get_stat_mtime (&f->stat);
3819 when_timespec = get_stat_atime (&f->stat);
3829 char hbuf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t)];
3830 sprintf (p, "%*s ", inode_number_width,
3831 format_inode (hbuf, sizeof hbuf, f));
3832 /* Increment by strlen (p) here, rather than by inode_number_width + 1.
3833 The latter is wrong when inode_number_width is zero. */
3837 if (print_block_size)
3839 char hbuf[LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1];
3840 char const *blocks =
3843 : human_readable (ST_NBLOCKS (f->stat), hbuf, human_output_opts,
3844 ST_NBLOCKSIZE, output_block_size));
3846 for (pad = block_size_width - mbswidth (blocks, 0); 0 < pad; pad--)
3848 while ((*p++ = *blocks++))
3853 /* The last byte of the mode string is the POSIX
3854 "optional alternate access method flag". */
3856 char hbuf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t)];
3857 sprintf (p, "%s %*s ", modebuf, nlink_width,
3858 ! f->stat_ok ? "?" : umaxtostr (f->stat.st_nlink, hbuf));
3860 /* Increment by strlen (p) here, rather than by, e.g.,
3861 sizeof modebuf - 2 + any_has_acl + 1 + nlink_width + 1.
3862 The latter is wrong when nlink_width is zero. */
3867 if (print_owner || print_group || print_author || print_scontext)
3869 DIRED_FPUTS (buf, stdout, p - buf);
3872 format_user (f->stat.st_uid, owner_width, f->stat_ok);
3875 format_group (f->stat.st_gid, group_width, f->stat_ok);
3878 format_user (f->stat.st_author, author_width, f->stat_ok);
3881 format_user_or_group (f->scontext, 0, scontext_width);
3887 && (S_ISCHR (f->stat.st_mode) || S_ISBLK (f->stat.st_mode)))
3889 char majorbuf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t)];
3890 char minorbuf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t)];
3891 int blanks_width = (file_size_width
3892 - (major_device_number_width + 2
3893 + minor_device_number_width));
3894 sprintf (p, "%*s, %*s ",
3895 major_device_number_width + MAX (0, blanks_width),
3896 umaxtostr (major (f->stat.st_rdev), majorbuf),
3897 minor_device_number_width,
3898 umaxtostr (minor (f->stat.st_rdev), minorbuf));
3899 p += file_size_width + 1;
3903 char hbuf[LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1];
3907 : human_readable (unsigned_file_size (f->stat.st_size),
3908 hbuf, file_human_output_opts, 1,
3909 file_output_block_size));
3911 for (pad = file_size_width - mbswidth (size, 0); 0 < pad; pad--)
3913 while ((*p++ = *size++))
3918 when_local = localtime (&when_timespec.tv_sec);
3922 if (f->stat_ok && when_local)
3924 struct timespec six_months_ago;
3928 /* If the file appears to be in the future, update the current
3929 time, in case the file happens to have been modified since
3930 the last time we checked the clock. */
3931 if (timespec_cmp (current_time, when_timespec) < 0)
3933 /* Note that gettime may call gettimeofday which, on some non-
3934 compliant systems, clobbers the buffer used for localtime's result.
3935 But it's ok here, because we use a gettimeofday wrapper that
3936 saves and restores the buffer around the gettimeofday call. */
3937 gettime (¤t_time);
3940 /* Consider a time to be recent if it is within the past six months.
3941 A Gregorian year has 365.2425 * 24 * 60 * 60 == 31556952 seconds
3942 on the average. Write this value as an integer constant to
3943 avoid floating point hassles. */
3944 six_months_ago.tv_sec = current_time.tv_sec - 31556952 / 2;
3945 six_months_ago.tv_nsec = current_time.tv_nsec;
3947 recent = (timespec_cmp (six_months_ago, when_timespec) < 0
3948 && (timespec_cmp (when_timespec, current_time) < 0));
3949 fmt = long_time_format[recent];
3951 /* We assume here that all time zones are offset from UTC by a
3952 whole number of seconds. */
3953 s = align_nstrftime (p, TIME_STAMP_LEN_MAXIMUM + 1, fmt,
3954 when_local, 0, when_timespec.tv_nsec);
3962 /* NUL-terminate the string -- fputs (via DIRED_FPUTS) requires it. */
3967 /* The time cannot be converted using the desired format, so
3968 print it as a huge integer number of seconds. */
3969 char hbuf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (intmax_t)];
3970 sprintf (p, "%*s ", long_time_expected_width (),
3973 : timetostr (when_timespec.tv_sec, hbuf)));
3974 /* FIXME: (maybe) We discarded when_timespec.tv_nsec. */
3978 DIRED_FPUTS (buf, stdout, p - buf);
3979 size_t w = print_name_with_quoting (f, false, &dired_obstack, p - buf);
3981 if (f->filetype == symbolic_link)
3985 DIRED_FPUTS_LITERAL (" -> ", stdout);
3986 print_name_with_quoting (f, true, NULL, (p - buf) + w + 4);
3987 if (indicator_style != none)
3988 print_type_indicator (true, f->linkmode, unknown);
3991 else if (indicator_style != none)
3992 print_type_indicator (f->stat_ok, f->stat.st_mode, f->filetype);
3995 /* Output to OUT a quoted representation of the file name NAME,
3996 using OPTIONS to control quoting. Produce no output if OUT is NULL.
3997 Store the number of screen columns occupied by NAME's quoted
3998 representation into WIDTH, if non-NULL. Return the number of bytes
4002 quote_name (FILE *out, const char *name, struct quoting_options const *options,
4005 char smallbuf[BUFSIZ];
4006 size_t len = quotearg_buffer (smallbuf, sizeof smallbuf, name, -1, options);
4008 size_t displayed_width IF_LINT ( = 0);
4010 if (len < sizeof smallbuf)
4014 buf = alloca (len + 1);
4015 quotearg_buffer (buf, len + 1, name, -1, options);
4018 if (qmark_funny_chars)
4022 char const *p = buf;
4023 char const *plimit = buf + len;
4025 displayed_width = 0;
4030 case ' ': case '!': case '"': case '#': case '%':
4031 case '&': case '\'': case '(': case ')': case '*':
4032 case '+': case ',': case '-': case '.': case '/':
4033 case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
4034 case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
4035 case ':': case ';': case '<': case '=': case '>':
4037 case 'A': case 'B': case 'C': case 'D': case 'E':
4038 case 'F': case 'G': case 'H': case 'I': case 'J':
4039 case 'K': case 'L': case 'M': case 'N': case 'O':
4040 case 'P': case 'Q': case 'R': case 'S': case 'T':
4041 case 'U': case 'V': case 'W': case 'X': case 'Y':
4043 case '[': case '\\': case ']': case '^': case '_':
4044 case 'a': case 'b': case 'c': case 'd': case 'e':
4045 case 'f': case 'g': case 'h': case 'i': case 'j':
4046 case 'k': case 'l': case 'm': case 'n': case 'o':
4047 case 'p': case 'q': case 'r': case 's': case 't':
4048 case 'u': case 'v': case 'w': case 'x': case 'y':
4049 case 'z': case '{': case '|': case '}': case '~':
4050 /* These characters are printable ASCII characters. */
4052 displayed_width += 1;
4055 /* If we have a multibyte sequence, copy it until we
4056 reach its end, replacing each non-printable multibyte
4057 character with a single question mark. */
4059 mbstate_t mbstate = { 0, };
4066 bytes = mbrtowc (&wc, p, plimit - p, &mbstate);
4068 if (bytes == (size_t) -1)
4070 /* An invalid multibyte sequence was
4071 encountered. Skip one input byte, and
4072 put a question mark. */
4075 displayed_width += 1;
4079 if (bytes == (size_t) -2)
4081 /* An incomplete multibyte character
4082 at the end. Replace it entirely with
4086 displayed_width += 1;
4091 /* A null wide character was encountered. */
4097 /* A printable multibyte character.
4099 for (; bytes > 0; --bytes)
4101 displayed_width += w;
4105 /* An unprintable multibyte character.
4106 Replace it entirely with a question
4110 displayed_width += 1;
4113 while (! mbsinit (&mbstate));
4118 /* The buffer may have shrunk. */
4124 char const *plimit = buf + len;
4128 if (! isprint (to_uchar (*p)))
4132 displayed_width = len;
4135 else if (width != NULL)
4138 displayed_width = mbsnwidth (buf, len, 0);
4141 char const *p = buf;
4142 char const *plimit = buf + len;
4144 displayed_width = 0;
4147 if (isprint (to_uchar (*p)))
4155 fwrite (buf, 1, len, out);
4157 *width = displayed_width;
4162 print_name_with_quoting (const struct fileinfo *f,
4163 bool symlink_target,
4164 struct obstack *stack,
4167 const char* name = symlink_target ? f->linkname : f->name;
4169 bool used_color_this_time
4171 && (print_color_indicator (f, symlink_target)
4172 || is_colored (C_NORM)));
4175 PUSH_CURRENT_DIRED_POS (stack);
4177 size_t width = quote_name (stdout, name, filename_quoting_options, NULL);
4181 PUSH_CURRENT_DIRED_POS (stack);
4184 if (used_color_this_time)
4186 prep_non_filename_text ();
4187 if (start_col / line_length != (start_col + width - 1) / line_length)
4188 put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_CLR_TO_EOL]);
4195 prep_non_filename_text (void)
4197 if (color_indicator[C_END].string != NULL)
4198 put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_END]);
4201 put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_LEFT]);
4202 put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_RESET]);
4203 put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_RIGHT]);
4207 /* Print the file name of 'f' with appropriate quoting.
4208 Also print file size, inode number, and filetype indicator character,
4209 as requested by switches. */
4212 print_file_name_and_frills (const struct fileinfo *f, size_t start_col)
4214 char buf[MAX (LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1, INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t))];
4216 set_normal_color ();
4219 printf ("%*s ", format == with_commas ? 0 : inode_number_width,
4220 format_inode (buf, sizeof buf, f));
4222 if (print_block_size)
4223 printf ("%*s ", format == with_commas ? 0 : block_size_width,
4225 : human_readable (ST_NBLOCKS (f->stat), buf, human_output_opts,
4226 ST_NBLOCKSIZE, output_block_size));
4229 printf ("%*s ", format == with_commas ? 0 : scontext_width, f->scontext);
4231 size_t width = print_name_with_quoting (f, false, NULL, start_col);
4233 if (indicator_style != none)
4234 width += print_type_indicator (f->stat_ok, f->stat.st_mode, f->filetype);
4239 /* Given these arguments describing a file, return the single-byte
4240 type indicator, or 0. */
4242 get_type_indicator (bool stat_ok, mode_t mode, enum filetype type)
4246 if (stat_ok ? S_ISREG (mode) : type == normal)
4248 if (stat_ok && indicator_style == classify && (mode & S_IXUGO))
4255 if (stat_ok ? S_ISDIR (mode) : type == directory || type == arg_directory)
4257 else if (indicator_style == slash)
4259 else if (stat_ok ? S_ISLNK (mode) : type == symbolic_link)
4261 else if (stat_ok ? S_ISFIFO (mode) : type == fifo)
4263 else if (stat_ok ? S_ISSOCK (mode) : type == sock)
4265 else if (stat_ok && S_ISDOOR (mode))
4274 print_type_indicator (bool stat_ok, mode_t mode, enum filetype type)
4276 char c = get_type_indicator (stat_ok, mode, type);
4282 /* Returns whether any color sequence was printed. */
4284 print_color_indicator (const struct fileinfo *f, bool symlink_target)
4286 enum indicator_no type;
4287 struct color_ext_type *ext; /* Color extension */
4288 size_t len; /* Length of name */
4297 linkok = f->linkok ? 0 : -1;
4302 mode = FILE_OR_LINK_MODE (f);
4306 /* Is this a nonexistent file? If so, linkok == -1. */
4308 if (linkok == -1 && is_colored (C_MISSING))
4310 else if (!f->stat_ok)
4312 static enum indicator_no filetype_indicator[] = FILETYPE_INDICATORS;
4313 type = filetype_indicator[f->filetype];
4321 if ((mode & S_ISUID) != 0 && is_colored (C_SETUID))
4323 else if ((mode & S_ISGID) != 0 && is_colored (C_SETGID))
4325 else if (is_colored (C_CAP) && f->has_capability)
4327 else if ((mode & S_IXUGO) != 0 && is_colored (C_EXEC))
4329 else if ((1 < f->stat.st_nlink) && is_colored (C_MULTIHARDLINK))
4330 type = C_MULTIHARDLINK;
4332 else if (S_ISDIR (mode))
4336 if ((mode & S_ISVTX) && (mode & S_IWOTH)
4337 && is_colored (C_STICKY_OTHER_WRITABLE))
4338 type = C_STICKY_OTHER_WRITABLE;
4339 else if ((mode & S_IWOTH) != 0 && is_colored (C_OTHER_WRITABLE))
4340 type = C_OTHER_WRITABLE;
4341 else if ((mode & S_ISVTX) != 0 && is_colored (C_STICKY))
4344 else if (S_ISLNK (mode))
4346 else if (S_ISFIFO (mode))
4348 else if (S_ISSOCK (mode))
4350 else if (S_ISBLK (mode))
4352 else if (S_ISCHR (mode))
4354 else if (S_ISDOOR (mode))
4358 /* Classify a file of some other type as C_ORPHAN. */
4363 /* Check the file's suffix only if still classified as C_FILE. */
4367 /* Test if NAME has a recognized suffix. */
4369 len = strlen (name);
4370 name += len; /* Pointer to final \0. */
4371 for (ext = color_ext_list; ext != NULL; ext = ext->next)
4373 if (ext->ext.len <= len
4374 && STREQ_LEN (name - ext->ext.len, ext->ext.string,
4380 /* Adjust the color for orphaned symlinks. */
4381 if (type == C_LINK && !linkok)
4383 if (color_symlink_as_referent || is_colored (C_ORPHAN))
4388 const struct bin_str *const s
4389 = ext ? &(ext->seq) : &color_indicator[type];
4390 if (s->string != NULL)
4392 /* Need to reset so not dealing with attribute combinations */
4393 if (is_colored (C_NORM))
4394 restore_default_color ();
4395 put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_LEFT]);
4397 put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_RIGHT]);
4405 /* Output a color indicator (which may contain nulls). */
4407 put_indicator (const struct bin_str *ind)
4412 prep_non_filename_text ();
4415 fwrite (ind->string, ind->len, 1, stdout);
4419 length_of_file_name_and_frills (const struct fileinfo *f)
4423 char buf[MAX (LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1, INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t))];
4426 len += 1 + (format == with_commas
4427 ? strlen (umaxtostr (f->stat.st_ino, buf))
4428 : inode_number_width);
4430 if (print_block_size)
4431 len += 1 + (format == with_commas
4432 ? strlen (! f->stat_ok ? "?"
4433 : human_readable (ST_NBLOCKS (f->stat), buf,
4434 human_output_opts, ST_NBLOCKSIZE,
4436 : block_size_width);
4439 len += 1 + (format == with_commas ? strlen (f->scontext) : scontext_width);
4441 quote_name (NULL, f->name, filename_quoting_options, &name_width);
4444 if (indicator_style != none)
4446 char c = get_type_indicator (f->stat_ok, f->stat.st_mode, f->filetype);
4454 print_many_per_line (void)
4456 size_t row; /* Current row. */
4457 size_t cols = calculate_columns (true);
4458 struct column_info const *line_fmt = &column_info[cols - 1];
4460 /* Calculate the number of rows that will be in each column except possibly
4461 for a short column on the right. */
4462 size_t rows = cwd_n_used / cols + (cwd_n_used % cols != 0);
4464 for (row = 0; row < rows; row++)
4467 size_t filesno = row;
4470 /* Print the next row. */
4473 struct fileinfo const *f = sorted_file[filesno];
4474 size_t name_length = length_of_file_name_and_frills (f);
4475 size_t max_name_length = line_fmt->col_arr[col++];
4476 print_file_name_and_frills (f, pos);
4479 if (filesno >= cwd_n_used)
4482 indent (pos + name_length, pos + max_name_length);
4483 pos += max_name_length;
4490 print_horizontal (void)
4494 size_t cols = calculate_columns (false);
4495 struct column_info const *line_fmt = &column_info[cols - 1];
4496 struct fileinfo const *f = sorted_file[0];
4497 size_t name_length = length_of_file_name_and_frills (f);
4498 size_t max_name_length = line_fmt->col_arr[0];
4500 /* Print first entry. */
4501 print_file_name_and_frills (f, 0);
4504 for (filesno = 1; filesno < cwd_n_used; ++filesno)
4506 size_t col = filesno % cols;
4515 indent (pos + name_length, pos + max_name_length);
4516 pos += max_name_length;
4519 f = sorted_file[filesno];
4520 print_file_name_and_frills (f, pos);
4522 name_length = length_of_file_name_and_frills (f);
4523 max_name_length = line_fmt->col_arr[col];
4529 print_with_commas (void)
4534 for (filesno = 0; filesno < cwd_n_used; filesno++)
4536 struct fileinfo const *f = sorted_file[filesno];
4537 size_t len = length_of_file_name_and_frills (f);
4543 if (pos + len + 2 < line_length)
4555 putchar (separator);
4558 print_file_name_and_frills (f, pos);
4564 /* Assuming cursor is at position FROM, indent up to position TO.
4565 Use a TAB character instead of two or more spaces whenever possible. */
4568 indent (size_t from, size_t to)
4572 if (tabsize != 0 && to / tabsize > (from + 1) / tabsize)
4575 from += tabsize - from % tabsize;
4585 /* Put DIRNAME/NAME into DEST, handling '.' and '/' properly. */
4586 /* FIXME: maybe remove this function someday. See about using a
4587 non-malloc'ing version of file_name_concat. */
4590 attach (char *dest, const char *dirname, const char *name)
4592 const char *dirnamep = dirname;
4594 /* Copy dirname if it is not ".". */
4595 if (dirname[0] != '.' || dirname[1] != 0)
4598 *dest++ = *dirnamep++;
4599 /* Add '/' if 'dirname' doesn't already end with it. */
4600 if (dirnamep > dirname && dirnamep[-1] != '/')
4608 /* Allocate enough column info suitable for the current number of
4609 files and display columns, and initialize the info to represent the
4610 narrowest possible columns. */
4613 init_column_info (void)
4616 size_t max_cols = MIN (max_idx, cwd_n_used);
4618 /* Currently allocated columns in column_info. */
4619 static size_t column_info_alloc;
4621 if (column_info_alloc < max_cols)
4623 size_t new_column_info_alloc;
4626 if (max_cols < max_idx / 2)
4628 /* The number of columns is far less than the display width
4629 allows. Grow the allocation, but only so that it's
4630 double the current requirements. If the display is
4631 extremely wide, this avoids allocating a lot of memory
4632 that is never needed. */
4633 column_info = xnrealloc (column_info, max_cols,
4634 2 * sizeof *column_info);
4635 new_column_info_alloc = 2 * max_cols;
4639 column_info = xnrealloc (column_info, max_idx, sizeof *column_info);
4640 new_column_info_alloc = max_idx;
4643 /* Allocate the new size_t objects by computing the triangle
4644 formula n * (n + 1) / 2, except that we don't need to
4645 allocate the part of the triangle that we've already
4646 allocated. Check for address arithmetic overflow. */
4648 size_t column_info_growth = new_column_info_alloc - column_info_alloc;
4649 size_t s = column_info_alloc + 1 + new_column_info_alloc;
4650 size_t t = s * column_info_growth;
4651 if (s < new_column_info_alloc || t / column_info_growth != s)
4653 p = xnmalloc (t / 2, sizeof *p);
4656 /* Grow the triangle by parceling out the cells just allocated. */
4657 for (i = column_info_alloc; i < new_column_info_alloc; i++)
4659 column_info[i].col_arr = p;
4663 column_info_alloc = new_column_info_alloc;
4666 for (i = 0; i < max_cols; ++i)
4670 column_info[i].valid_len = true;
4671 column_info[i].line_len = (i + 1) * MIN_COLUMN_WIDTH;
4672 for (j = 0; j <= i; ++j)
4673 column_info[i].col_arr[j] = MIN_COLUMN_WIDTH;
4677 /* Calculate the number of columns needed to represent the current set
4678 of files in the current display width. */
4681 calculate_columns (bool by_columns)
4683 size_t filesno; /* Index into cwd_file. */
4684 size_t cols; /* Number of files across. */
4686 /* Normally the maximum number of columns is determined by the
4687 screen width. But if few files are available this might limit it
4689 size_t max_cols = MIN (max_idx, cwd_n_used);
4691 init_column_info ();
4693 /* Compute the maximum number of possible columns. */
4694 for (filesno = 0; filesno < cwd_n_used; ++filesno)
4696 struct fileinfo const *f = sorted_file[filesno];
4697 size_t name_length = length_of_file_name_and_frills (f);
4700 for (i = 0; i < max_cols; ++i)
4702 if (column_info[i].valid_len)
4704 size_t idx = (by_columns
4705 ? filesno / ((cwd_n_used + i) / (i + 1))
4706 : filesno % (i + 1));
4707 size_t real_length = name_length + (idx == i ? 0 : 2);
4709 if (column_info[i].col_arr[idx] < real_length)
4711 column_info[i].line_len += (real_length
4712 - column_info[i].col_arr[idx]);
4713 column_info[i].col_arr[idx] = real_length;
4714 column_info[i].valid_len = (column_info[i].line_len
4721 /* Find maximum allowed columns. */
4722 for (cols = max_cols; 1 < cols; --cols)
4724 if (column_info[cols - 1].valid_len)
4734 if (status != EXIT_SUCCESS)
4738 printf (_("Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...\n"), program_name);
4740 List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).\n\
4741 Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified.\n\
4744 emit_mandatory_arg_note ();
4747 -a, --all do not ignore entries starting with .\n\
4748 -A, --almost-all do not list implied . and ..\n\
4749 --author with -l, print the author of each file\n\
4750 -b, --escape print C-style escapes for nongraphic characters\n\
4753 --block-size=SIZE scale sizes by SIZE before printing them. E.g.,\n\
4754 '--block-size=M' prints sizes in units of\n\
4755 1,048,576 bytes. See SIZE format below.\n\
4756 -B, --ignore-backups do not list implied entries ending with ~\n\
4757 -c with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last\n\
4758 modification of file status information)\n\
4759 with -l: show ctime and sort by name\n\
4760 otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first\n\
4763 -C list entries by columns\n\
4764 --color[=WHEN] colorize the output. WHEN defaults to 'always'\n\
4765 or can be 'never' or 'auto'. More info below\n\
4766 -d, --directory list directory entries instead of contents,\n\
4767 and do not dereference symbolic links\n\
4768 -D, --dired generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode\n\
4771 -f do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color\n\
4772 -F, --classify append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries\n\
4773 --file-type likewise, except do not append '*'\n\
4774 --format=WORD across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,\n\
4775 single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C\n\
4776 --full-time like -l --time-style=full-iso\n\
4779 -g like -l, but do not list owner\n\
4782 --group-directories-first\n\
4783 group directories before files.\n\
4784 augment with a --sort option, but any\n\
4785 use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping\n\
4788 -G, --no-group in a long listing, don't print group names\n\
4789 -h, --human-readable with -l, print sizes in human readable format\n\
4790 (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)\n\
4791 --si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024\n\
4794 -H, --dereference-command-line\n\
4795 follow symbolic links listed on the command line\n\
4796 --dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir\n\
4797 follow each command line symbolic link\n\
4798 that points to a directory\n\
4799 --hide=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN\
4801 (overridden by -a or -A)\n\
4804 --indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names:\
4806 none (default), slash (-p),\n\
4807 file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)\n\
4808 -i, --inode print the index number of each file\n\
4809 -I, --ignore=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN\
4811 -k, --kibibytes use 1024-byte blocks\n\
4814 -l use a long listing format\n\
4815 -L, --dereference when showing file information for a symbolic\n\
4816 link, show information for the file the link\n\
4817 references rather than for the link itself\n\
4818 -m fill width with a comma separated list of entries\
4822 -n, --numeric-uid-gid like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs\n\
4823 -N, --literal print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control\n\
4824 characters specially)\n\
4825 -o like -l, but do not list group information\n\
4826 -p, --indicator-style=slash\n\
4827 append / indicator to directories\n\
4830 -q, --hide-control-chars print ? instead of non graphic characters\n\
4831 --show-control-chars show non graphic characters as-is (default\n\
4832 unless program is 'ls' and output is a terminal)\n\
4833 -Q, --quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes\n\
4834 --quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names:\n\
4835 literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape\
4839 -r, --reverse reverse order while sorting\n\
4840 -R, --recursive list subdirectories recursively\n\
4841 -s, --size print the allocated size of each file, in blocks\n\
4844 -S sort by file size\n\
4845 --sort=WORD sort by WORD instead of name: none -U,\n\
4846 extension -X, size -S, time -t, version -v\n\
4847 --time=WORD with -l, show time as WORD instead of modification\
4849 time: atime -u, access -u, use -u, ctime -c,\n\
4850 or status -c; use specified time as sort key\n\
4854 --time-style=STYLE with -l, show times using style STYLE:\n\
4855 full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, +FORMAT.\n\
4856 FORMAT is interpreted like 'date'; if FORMAT is\n\
4857 FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2, FORMAT1 applies to\n\
4858 non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files;\n\
4859 if STYLE is prefixed with 'posix-', STYLE\n\
4860 takes effect only outside the POSIX locale\n\
4863 -t sort by modification time, newest first\n\
4864 -T, --tabsize=COLS assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8\n\
4867 -u with -lt: sort by, and show, access time\n\
4868 with -l: show access time and sort by name\n\
4869 otherwise: sort by access time\n\
4870 -U do not sort; list entries in directory order\n\
4871 -v natural sort of (version) numbers within text\n\
4874 -w, --width=COLS assume screen width instead of current value\n\
4875 -x list entries by lines instead of by columns\n\
4876 -X sort alphabetically by entry extension\n\
4877 -Z, --context print any SELinux security context of each file\n\
4878 -1 list one file per line\n\
4880 fputs (HELP_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
4881 fputs (VERSION_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
4885 Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default and\n\
4886 with --color=never. With --color=auto, ls emits color codes only when\n\
4887 standard output is connected to a terminal. The LS_COLORS environment\n\
4888 variable can change the settings. Use the dircolors command to set it.\n\
4894 1 if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory),\n\
4895 2 if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command-line argument).\n\
4897 emit_ancillary_info ();