1 /* `dir', `vdir' and `ls' directory listing programs for GNU.
2 Copyright (C) 85, 88, 90, 91, 1995-2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
9 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
12 GNU General Public License for more details.
14 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
16 Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */
18 /* If ls_mode is LS_MULTI_COL,
19 the multi-column format is the default regardless
20 of the type of output device.
21 This is for the `dir' program.
23 If ls_mode is LS_LONG_FORMAT,
24 the long format is the default regardless of the
25 type of output device.
26 This is for the `vdir' program.
29 the output format depends on whether the output
31 This is for the `ls' program. */
33 /* Written by Richard Stallman and David MacKenzie. */
35 /* Color support by Peter Anvin <Peter.Anvin@linux.org> and Dennis
36 Flaherty <dennisf@denix.elk.miles.com> based on original patches by
37 Greg Lee <lee@uhunix.uhcc.hawaii.edu>. */
40 #include <sys/types.h>
46 #ifdef GWINSZ_IN_SYS_IOCTL
47 # include <sys/ioctl.h>
50 #ifdef WINSIZE_IN_PTEM
51 # include <sys/stream.h>
52 # include <sys/ptem.h>
63 /* Use SA_NOCLDSTOP as a proxy for whether the sigaction machinery is
66 # define SA_NOCLDSTOP 0
67 # define sigprocmask(How, Set, Oset) /* empty */
69 # if ! HAVE_SIGINTERRUPT
70 # define siginterrupt(sig, flag) /* empty */
74 /* Get mbstate_t, mbrtowc(), mbsinit(), wcwidth(). */
83 #if !defined iswprint && !HAVE_ISWPRINT
84 # define iswprint(wc) 1
87 #ifndef HAVE_DECL_WCWIDTH
88 "this configure-time declaration test was not run"
90 #if !HAVE_DECL_WCWIDTH
94 /* If wcwidth() doesn't exist, assume all printable characters have
98 # define wcwidth(wc) ((wc) == 0 ? 0 : iswprint (wc) ? 1 : -1)
106 #include "argmatch.h"
111 #include "hard-locale.h"
114 #include "filemode.h"
115 #include "inttostr.h"
117 #include "mbswidth.h"
119 #include "path-concat.h"
121 #include "quotearg.h"
123 #include "strftime.h"
124 #include "strverscmp.h"
126 #include "xreadlink.h"
128 #define PROGRAM_NAME (ls_mode == LS_LS ? "ls" \
129 : (ls_mode == LS_MULTI_COL \
132 #define AUTHORS "Richard Stallman", "David MacKenzie"
134 #define obstack_chunk_alloc malloc
135 #define obstack_chunk_free free
137 /* Return an int indicating the result of comparing two integers.
138 Subtracting doesn't always work, due to overflow. */
139 #define longdiff(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? -1 : (a) > (b))
141 /* Arrange to make lstat calls go through the wrapper function
142 on systems with an lstat function that does not dereference symlinks
143 that are specified with a trailing slash. */
144 #if ! LSTAT_FOLLOWS_SLASHED_SYMLINK
145 int rpl_lstat (const char *, struct stat *);
147 # define lstat(Name, Stat_buf) rpl_lstat(Name, Stat_buf)
150 #if HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_TYPE && defined DTTOIF
151 # define DT_INIT(Val) = Val
153 # define DT_INIT(Val) /* empty */
156 #if ! HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_AUTHOR
157 # define st_author st_uid
160 /* Cray/Unicos DMF: use the file's migrated, not real, status */
162 # define ST_DM_MODE(Stat_buf) ((Stat_buf).st_dm_mode)
164 # define ST_DM_MODE(Stat_buf) ((Stat_buf).st_mode)
169 unknown DT_INIT (DT_UNKNOWN),
170 fifo DT_INIT (DT_FIFO),
171 chardev DT_INIT (DT_CHR),
172 directory DT_INIT (DT_DIR),
173 blockdev DT_INIT (DT_BLK),
174 normal DT_INIT (DT_REG),
175 symbolic_link DT_INIT (DT_LNK),
176 sock DT_INIT (DT_SOCK),
177 arg_directory DT_INIT (2 * (DT_UNKNOWN | DT_FIFO | DT_CHR | DT_DIR | DT_BLK
178 | DT_REG | DT_LNK | DT_SOCK))
188 /* For symbolic link, name of the file linked to, otherwise zero. */
191 /* For symbolic link and long listing, st_mode of file linked to, otherwise
195 /* For symbolic link and color printing, true if linked-to file
196 exists, otherwise false. */
199 enum filetype filetype;
202 /* For long listings, true if the file has an access control list. */
208 # define FILE_HAS_ACL(F) ((F)->have_acl)
210 # define FILE_HAS_ACL(F) 0
213 #define LEN_STR_PAIR(s) sizeof (s) - 1, s
215 /* Null is a valid character in a color indicator (think about Epson
216 printers, for example) so we have to use a length/buffer string
221 size_t len; /* Number of bytes */
222 const char *string; /* Pointer to the same */
229 # define tcgetpgrp(Fd) 0
232 static size_t quote_name (FILE *out, const char *name,
233 struct quoting_options const *options,
235 static char *make_link_path (const char *path, const char *linkname);
236 static int decode_switches (int argc, char **argv);
237 static bool file_ignored (char const *name);
238 static uintmax_t gobble_file (char const *name, enum filetype type,
239 bool command_line_arg, char const *dirname);
240 static void print_color_indicator (const char *name, mode_t mode, int linkok);
241 static void put_indicator (const struct bin_str *ind);
242 static void add_ignore_pattern (const char *pattern);
243 static void attach (char *dest, const char *dirname, const char *name);
244 static void clear_files (void);
245 static void extract_dirs_from_files (char const *dirname,
246 bool command_line_arg);
247 static void get_link_name (char const *filename, struct fileinfo *f,
248 bool command_line_arg);
249 static void indent (size_t from, size_t to);
250 static size_t calculate_columns (bool by_columns);
251 static void print_current_files (void);
252 static void print_dir (char const *name, char const *realname,
253 bool command_line_arg);
254 static void print_file_name_and_frills (const struct fileinfo *f);
255 static void print_horizontal (void);
256 static int format_user_width (uid_t u);
257 static int format_group_width (gid_t g);
258 static void print_long_format (const struct fileinfo *f);
259 static void print_many_per_line (void);
260 static void print_name_with_quoting (const char *p, mode_t mode,
262 struct obstack *stack);
263 static void prep_non_filename_text (void);
264 static void print_type_indicator (mode_t mode);
265 static void print_with_commas (void);
266 static void queue_directory (char const *name, char const *realname,
267 bool command_line_arg);
268 static void sort_files (void);
269 static void parse_ls_color (void);
270 void usage (int status);
272 /* The name the program was run with, stripped of any leading path. */
275 /* Initial size of hash table.
276 Most hierarchies are likely to be shallower than this. */
277 #define INITIAL_TABLE_SIZE 30
279 /* The set of `active' directories, from the current command-line argument
280 to the level in the hierarchy at which files are being listed.
281 A directory is represented by its device and inode numbers (struct dev_ino).
282 A directory is added to this set when ls begins listing it or its
283 entries, and it is removed from the set just after ls has finished
284 processing it. This set is used solely to detect loops, e.g., with
285 mkdir loop; cd loop; ln -s ../loop sub; ls -RL */
286 static Hash_table *active_dir_set;
288 #define LOOP_DETECT (!!active_dir_set)
290 /* The table of files in the current directory:
292 `files' points to a vector of `struct fileinfo', one per file.
293 `nfiles' is the number of elements space has been allocated for.
294 `files_index' is the number actually in use. */
296 /* Address of block containing the files that are described. */
297 static struct fileinfo *files; /* FIXME: rename this to e.g. cwd_file */
299 /* Length of block that `files' points to, measured in files. */
300 static size_t nfiles; /* FIXME: rename this to e.g. cwd_n_alloc */
302 /* Index of first unused in `files'. */
303 static size_t files_index; /* FIXME: rename this to e.g. cwd_n_used */
305 /* When true, in a color listing, color each symlink name according to the
306 type of file it points to. Otherwise, color them according to the `ln'
307 directive in LS_COLORS. Dangling (orphan) symlinks are treated specially,
308 regardless. This is set when `ln=target' appears in LS_COLORS. */
310 static bool color_symlink_as_referent;
312 /* mode of appropriate file for colorization */
313 #define FILE_OR_LINK_MODE(File) \
314 ((color_symlink_as_referent & (File)->linkok) \
315 ? (File)->linkmode : (File)->stat.st_mode)
318 /* Record of one pending directory waiting to be listed. */
323 /* If the directory is actually the file pointed to by a symbolic link we
324 were told to list, `realname' will contain the name of the symbolic
325 link, otherwise zero. */
327 bool command_line_arg;
328 struct pending *next;
331 static struct pending *pending_dirs;
333 /* Current time in seconds and nanoseconds since 1970, updated as
334 needed when deciding whether a file is recent. */
336 static time_t current_time = TYPE_MINIMUM (time_t);
337 static int current_time_ns = -1;
339 /* The number of columns to use for columns containing inode numbers,
340 block sizes, link counts, owners, groups, authors, major device
341 numbers, minor device numbers, and file sizes, respectively. */
343 static int inode_number_width;
344 static int block_size_width;
345 static int nlink_width;
346 static int owner_width;
347 static int group_width;
348 static int author_width;
349 static int major_device_number_width;
350 static int minor_device_number_width;
351 static int file_size_width;
355 /* long_format for lots of info, one per line.
356 one_per_line for just names, one per line.
357 many_per_line for just names, many per line, sorted vertically.
358 horizontal for just names, many per line, sorted horizontally.
359 with_commas for just names, many per line, separated by commas.
361 -l (and other options that imply -l), -1, -C, -x and -m control
366 long_format, /* -l and other options that imply -l */
367 one_per_line, /* -1 */
368 many_per_line, /* -C */
373 static enum format format;
375 /* `full-iso' uses full ISO-style dates and times. `long-iso' uses longer
376 ISO-style time stamps, though shorter than `full-iso'. `iso' uses shorter
377 ISO-style time stamps. `locale' uses locale-dependent time stamps. */
380 full_iso_time_style, /* --time-style=full-iso */
381 long_iso_time_style, /* --time-style=long-iso */
382 iso_time_style, /* --time-style=iso */
383 locale_time_style /* --time-style=locale */
386 static char const *const time_style_args[] =
388 "full-iso", "long-iso", "iso", "locale", NULL
391 static enum time_style const time_style_types[] =
393 full_iso_time_style, long_iso_time_style, iso_time_style,
397 /* Type of time to print or sort by. Controlled by -c and -u. */
401 time_mtime, /* default */
406 static enum time_type time_type;
408 /* The file characteristic to sort by. Controlled by -t, -S, -U, -X, -v. */
413 sort_name, /* default */
414 sort_extension, /* -X */
417 sort_version /* -v */
420 static enum sort_type sort_type;
422 /* Direction of sort.
423 false means highest first if numeric,
424 lowest first if alphabetic;
425 these are the defaults.
426 true means the opposite order in each case. -r */
428 static bool sort_reverse;
430 /* True means to display owner information. -g turns this off. */
432 static bool print_owner = true;
434 /* True means to display author information. */
436 static bool print_author;
438 /* True means to display group information. -G and -o turn this off. */
440 static bool print_group = true;
442 /* True means print the user and group id's as numbers rather
445 static bool numeric_ids;
447 /* True means mention the size in blocks of each file. -s */
449 static bool print_block_size;
451 /* Human-readable options for output. */
452 static int human_output_opts;
454 /* The units to use when printing sizes other than file sizes. */
455 static uintmax_t output_block_size;
457 /* Likewise, but for file sizes. */
458 static uintmax_t file_output_block_size = 1;
460 /* Follow the output with a special string. Using this format,
461 Emacs' dired mode starts up twice as fast, and can handle all
462 strange characters in file names. */
465 /* `none' means don't mention the type of files.
466 `classify' means mention file types and mark executables.
467 `file_type' means mention only file types.
469 Controlled by -F, -p, and --indicator-style. */
473 none, /* --indicator-style=none */
474 classify, /* -F, --indicator-style=classify */
475 file_type /* -p, --indicator-style=file-type */
478 static enum indicator_style indicator_style;
480 /* Names of indicator styles. */
481 static char const *const indicator_style_args[] =
483 "none", "classify", "file-type", NULL
486 static enum indicator_style const indicator_style_types[]=
488 none, classify, file_type
491 /* True means use colors to mark types. Also define the different
492 colors as well as the stuff for the LS_COLORS environment variable.
493 The LS_COLORS variable is now in a termcap-like format. */
495 static bool print_with_color;
499 color_never, /* 0: default or --color=never */
500 color_always, /* 1: --color=always */
501 color_if_tty /* 2: --color=tty */
504 enum Dereference_symlink
508 DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_ARGUMENTS, /* -H */
509 DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_SYMLINK_TO_DIR, /* the default, in certain cases */
510 DEREF_ALWAYS /* -L */
515 C_LEFT, C_RIGHT, C_END, C_NORM, C_FILE, C_DIR, C_LINK, C_FIFO, C_SOCK,
516 C_BLK, C_CHR, C_MISSING, C_ORPHAN, C_EXEC, C_DOOR
519 static const char *const indicator_name[]=
521 "lc", "rc", "ec", "no", "fi", "di", "ln", "pi", "so",
522 "bd", "cd", "mi", "or", "ex", "do", NULL
525 struct color_ext_type
527 struct bin_str ext; /* The extension we're looking for */
528 struct bin_str seq; /* The sequence to output when we do */
529 struct color_ext_type *next; /* Next in list */
532 static struct bin_str color_indicator[] =
534 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("\033[") }, /* lc: Left of color sequence */
535 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("m") }, /* rc: Right of color sequence */
536 { 0, NULL }, /* ec: End color (replaces lc+no+rc) */
537 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("0") }, /* no: Normal */
538 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("0") }, /* fi: File: default */
539 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("01;34") }, /* di: Directory: bright blue */
540 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("01;36") }, /* ln: Symlink: bright cyan */
541 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("33") }, /* pi: Pipe: yellow/brown */
542 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("01;35") }, /* so: Socket: bright magenta */
543 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("01;33") }, /* bd: Block device: bright yellow */
544 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("01;33") }, /* cd: Char device: bright yellow */
545 { 0, NULL }, /* mi: Missing file: undefined */
546 { 0, NULL }, /* or: Orphaned symlink: undefined */
547 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("01;32") }, /* ex: Executable: bright green */
548 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("01;35") } /* do: Door: bright magenta */
552 static struct color_ext_type *color_ext_list = NULL;
554 /* Buffer for color sequences */
555 static char *color_buf;
557 /* True means to check for orphaned symbolic link, for displaying
560 static bool check_symlink_color;
562 /* True means mention the inode number of each file. -i */
564 static bool print_inode;
566 /* What to do with symbolic links. Affected by -d, -F, -H, -l (and
567 other options that imply -l), and -L. */
569 static enum Dereference_symlink dereference;
571 /* True means when a directory is found, display info on its
574 static bool recursive;
576 /* True means when an argument is a directory name, display info
579 static bool immediate_dirs;
581 /* Which files to ignore. */
585 /* Ignore files whose names start with `.', and files specified by
586 --hide and --ignore. */
589 /* Ignore `.', `..', and files specified by --ignore. */
590 IGNORE_DOT_AND_DOTDOT,
592 /* Ignore only files specified by --ignore. */
596 /* A linked list of shell-style globbing patterns. If a non-argument
597 file name matches any of these patterns, it is ignored.
598 Controlled by -I. Multiple -I options accumulate.
599 The -B option adds `*~' and `.*~' to this list. */
601 struct ignore_pattern
604 struct ignore_pattern *next;
607 static struct ignore_pattern *ignore_patterns;
609 /* Similar to IGNORE_PATTERNS, except that -a or -A causes this
610 variable itself to be ignored. */
611 static struct ignore_pattern *hide_patterns;
613 /* True means output nongraphic chars in file names as `?'.
614 (-q, --hide-control-chars)
615 qmark_funny_chars and the quoting style (-Q, --quoting-style=WORD) are
616 independent. The algorithm is: first, obey the quoting style to get a
617 string representing the file name; then, if qmark_funny_chars is set,
618 replace all nonprintable chars in that string with `?'. It's necessary
619 to replace nonprintable chars even in quoted strings, because we don't
620 want to mess up the terminal if control chars get sent to it, and some
621 quoting methods pass through control chars as-is. */
622 static bool qmark_funny_chars;
624 /* Quoting options for file and dir name output. */
626 static struct quoting_options *filename_quoting_options;
627 static struct quoting_options *dirname_quoting_options;
629 /* The number of chars per hardware tab stop. Setting this to zero
630 inhibits the use of TAB characters for separating columns. -T */
631 static size_t tabsize;
633 /* True means print each directory name before listing it. */
635 static bool print_dir_name;
637 /* The line length to use for breaking lines in many-per-line format.
638 Can be set with -w. */
640 static size_t line_length;
642 /* If true, the file listing format requires that stat be called on
645 static bool format_needs_stat;
647 /* Similar to `format_needs_stat', but set if only the file type is
650 static bool format_needs_type;
652 /* An arbitrary limit on the number of bytes in a printed time stamp.
653 This is set to a relatively small value to avoid the need to worry
654 about denial-of-service attacks on servers that run "ls" on behalf
655 of remote clients. 1000 bytes should be enough for any practical
656 time stamp format. */
658 enum { TIME_STAMP_LEN_MAXIMUM = MAX (1000, INT_STRLEN_BOUND (time_t)) };
660 /* strftime formats for non-recent and recent files, respectively, in
663 static char const *long_time_format[2] =
665 /* strftime format for non-recent files (older than 6 months), in
666 -l output when --time-style=locale is specified. This should
667 contain the year, month and day (at least), in an order that is
668 understood by people in your locale's territory.
669 Please try to keep the number of used screen columns small,
670 because many people work in windows with only 80 columns. But
671 make this as wide as the other string below, for recent files. */
673 /* strftime format for recent files (younger than 6 months), in
674 -l output when --time-style=locale is specified. This should
675 contain the month, day and time (at least), in an order that is
676 understood by people in your locale's territory.
677 Please try to keep the number of used screen columns small,
678 because many people work in windows with only 80 columns. But
679 make this as wide as the other string above, for non-recent files. */
683 /* The set of signals that are caught. */
685 static sigset_t caught_signals;
687 /* If nonzero, the value of the pending fatal signal. */
689 static sig_atomic_t volatile interrupt_signal;
691 /* A count of the number of pending stop signals that have been received. */
693 static sig_atomic_t volatile stop_signal_count;
695 /* Desired exit status. */
697 static int exit_status;
702 /* "ls" had a minor problem (e.g., it could not stat a directory
704 LS_MINOR_PROBLEM = 1,
706 /* "ls" had more serious trouble. */
710 /* For long options that have no equivalent short option, use a
711 non-character as a pseudo short option, starting with CHAR_MAX + 1. */
714 AUTHOR_OPTION = CHAR_MAX + 1,
717 DEREFERENCE_COMMAND_LINE_SYMLINK_TO_DIR_OPTION,
721 INDICATOR_STYLE_OPTION,
722 QUOTING_STYLE_OPTION,
723 SHOW_CONTROL_CHARS_OPTION,
730 static struct option const long_options[] =
732 {"all", no_argument, NULL, 'a'},
733 {"escape", no_argument, NULL, 'b'},
734 {"directory", no_argument, NULL, 'd'},
735 {"dired", no_argument, NULL, 'D'},
736 {"full-time", no_argument, NULL, FULL_TIME_OPTION},
737 {"human-readable", no_argument, NULL, 'h'},
738 {"inode", no_argument, NULL, 'i'},
739 {"kilobytes", no_argument, NULL, 'k'}, /* long form is obsolescent */
740 {"numeric-uid-gid", no_argument, NULL, 'n'},
741 {"no-group", no_argument, NULL, 'G'},
742 {"hide-control-chars", no_argument, NULL, 'q'},
743 {"reverse", no_argument, NULL, 'r'},
744 {"size", no_argument, NULL, 's'},
745 {"width", required_argument, NULL, 'w'},
746 {"almost-all", no_argument, NULL, 'A'},
747 {"ignore-backups", no_argument, NULL, 'B'},
748 {"classify", no_argument, NULL, 'F'},
749 {"file-type", no_argument, NULL, 'p'},
750 {"si", no_argument, NULL, SI_OPTION},
751 {"dereference-command-line", no_argument, NULL, 'H'},
752 {"dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir", no_argument, NULL,
753 DEREFERENCE_COMMAND_LINE_SYMLINK_TO_DIR_OPTION},
754 {"hide", required_argument, NULL, HIDE_OPTION},
755 {"ignore", required_argument, NULL, 'I'},
756 {"indicator-style", required_argument, NULL, INDICATOR_STYLE_OPTION},
757 {"dereference", no_argument, NULL, 'L'},
758 {"literal", no_argument, NULL, 'N'},
759 {"quote-name", no_argument, NULL, 'Q'},
760 {"quoting-style", required_argument, NULL, QUOTING_STYLE_OPTION},
761 {"recursive", no_argument, NULL, 'R'},
762 {"format", required_argument, NULL, FORMAT_OPTION},
763 {"show-control-chars", no_argument, NULL, SHOW_CONTROL_CHARS_OPTION},
764 {"sort", required_argument, NULL, SORT_OPTION},
765 {"tabsize", required_argument, NULL, 'T'},
766 {"time", required_argument, NULL, TIME_OPTION},
767 {"time-style", required_argument, NULL, TIME_STYLE_OPTION},
768 {"color", optional_argument, NULL, COLOR_OPTION},
769 {"block-size", required_argument, NULL, BLOCK_SIZE_OPTION},
770 {"author", no_argument, NULL, AUTHOR_OPTION},
771 {GETOPT_HELP_OPTION_DECL},
772 {GETOPT_VERSION_OPTION_DECL},
776 static char const *const format_args[] =
778 "verbose", "long", "commas", "horizontal", "across",
779 "vertical", "single-column", NULL
782 static enum format const format_types[] =
784 long_format, long_format, with_commas, horizontal, horizontal,
785 many_per_line, one_per_line
788 static char const *const sort_args[] =
790 "none", "time", "size", "extension", "version", NULL
793 static enum sort_type const sort_types[] =
795 sort_none, sort_time, sort_size, sort_extension, sort_version
798 static char const *const time_args[] =
800 "atime", "access", "use", "ctime", "status", NULL
803 static enum time_type const time_types[] =
805 time_atime, time_atime, time_atime, time_ctime, time_ctime
808 static char const *const color_args[] =
810 /* force and none are for compatibility with another color-ls version */
811 "always", "yes", "force",
812 "never", "no", "none",
813 "auto", "tty", "if-tty", NULL
816 static enum color_type const color_types[] =
818 color_always, color_always, color_always,
819 color_never, color_never, color_never,
820 color_if_tty, color_if_tty, color_if_tty
823 /* Information about filling a column. */
831 /* Array with information about column filledness. */
832 static struct column_info *column_info;
834 /* Maximum number of columns ever possible for this display. */
835 static size_t max_idx;
837 /* The minimum width of a column is 3: 1 character for the name and 2
838 for the separating white space. */
839 #define MIN_COLUMN_WIDTH 3
842 /* This zero-based index is used solely with the --dired option.
843 When that option is in effect, this counter is incremented for each
844 byte of output generated by this program so that the beginning
845 and ending indices (in that output) of every file name can be recorded
846 and later output themselves. */
847 static size_t dired_pos;
849 #define DIRED_PUTCHAR(c) do {putchar ((c)); ++dired_pos;} while (0)
851 /* Write S to STREAM and increment DIRED_POS by S_LEN. */
852 #define DIRED_FPUTS(s, stream, s_len) \
853 do {fputs ((s), (stream)); dired_pos += s_len;} while (0)
855 /* Like DIRED_FPUTS, but for use when S is a literal string. */
856 #define DIRED_FPUTS_LITERAL(s, stream) \
857 do {fputs ((s), (stream)); dired_pos += sizeof((s)) - 1;} while (0)
859 #define DIRED_INDENT() \
863 DIRED_FPUTS_LITERAL (" ", stdout); \
867 /* With --dired, store pairs of beginning and ending indices of filenames. */
868 static struct obstack dired_obstack;
870 /* With --dired, store pairs of beginning and ending indices of any
871 directory names that appear as headers (just before `total' line)
872 for lists of directory entries. Such directory names are seen when
873 listing hierarchies using -R and when a directory is listed with at
874 least one other command line argument. */
875 static struct obstack subdired_obstack;
877 /* Save the current index on the specified obstack, OBS. */
878 #define PUSH_CURRENT_DIRED_POS(obs) \
882 obstack_grow ((obs), &dired_pos, sizeof (dired_pos)); \
886 /* With -R, this stack is used to help detect directory cycles.
887 The device/inode pairs on this stack mirror the pairs in the
888 active_dir_set hash table. */
889 static struct obstack dev_ino_obstack;
891 /* Push a pair onto the device/inode stack. */
892 #define DEV_INO_PUSH(Dev, Ino) \
895 struct dev_ino *di; \
896 obstack_blank (&dev_ino_obstack, sizeof (struct dev_ino)); \
897 di = -1 + (struct dev_ino *) obstack_next_free (&dev_ino_obstack); \
898 di->st_dev = (Dev); \
899 di->st_ino = (Ino); \
903 /* Pop a dev/ino struct off the global dev_ino_obstack
904 and return that struct. */
905 static struct dev_ino
908 assert (sizeof (struct dev_ino) <= obstack_object_size (&dev_ino_obstack));
909 obstack_blank (&dev_ino_obstack, -(int) (sizeof (struct dev_ino)));
910 return *(struct dev_ino*) obstack_next_free (&dev_ino_obstack);
913 #define ASSERT_MATCHING_DEV_INO(Name, Di) \
918 assert (0 <= stat (Name, &sb)); \
919 assert (sb.st_dev == Di.st_dev); \
920 assert (sb.st_ino == Di.st_ino); \
925 /* Write to standard output PREFIX, followed by the quoting style and
926 a space-separated list of the integers stored in OS all on one line. */
929 dired_dump_obstack (const char *prefix, struct obstack *os)
933 n_pos = obstack_object_size (os) / sizeof (dired_pos);
939 pos = (size_t *) obstack_finish (os);
940 fputs (prefix, stdout);
941 for (i = 0; i < n_pos; i++)
942 printf (" %lu", (unsigned long int) pos[i]);
948 dev_ino_hash (void const *x, size_t table_size)
950 struct dev_ino const *p = x;
951 return (uintmax_t) p->st_ino % table_size;
955 dev_ino_compare (void const *x, void const *y)
957 struct dev_ino const *a = x;
958 struct dev_ino const *b = y;
959 return SAME_INODE (*a, *b) ? true : false;
963 dev_ino_free (void *x)
968 /* Add the device/inode pair (P->st_dev/P->st_ino) to the set of
969 active directories. Return true if there is already a matching
970 entry in the table. */
973 visit_dir (dev_t dev, ino_t ino)
976 struct dev_ino *ent_from_table;
979 ent = xmalloc (sizeof *ent);
983 /* Attempt to insert this entry into the table. */
984 ent_from_table = hash_insert (active_dir_set, ent);
986 if (ent_from_table == NULL)
988 /* Insertion failed due to lack of memory. */
992 found_match = (ent_from_table != ent);
996 /* ent was not inserted, so free it. */
1004 free_pending_ent (struct pending *p)
1014 is_colored (enum indicator_no type)
1016 size_t len = color_indicator[type].len;
1017 char const *s = color_indicator[type].string;
1019 || (len == 1 && strncmp (s, "0", 1) == 0)
1020 || (len == 2 && strncmp (s, "00", 2) == 0));
1024 restore_default_color (void)
1026 put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_LEFT]);
1027 put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_RIGHT]);
1030 /* An ordinary signal was received; arrange for the program to exit. */
1033 sighandler (int sig)
1036 signal (sig, SIG_IGN);
1037 if (! interrupt_signal)
1038 interrupt_signal = sig;
1041 /* A SIGTSTP was received; arrange for the program to suspend itself. */
1044 stophandler (int sig)
1047 signal (sig, stophandler);
1048 if (! interrupt_signal)
1049 stop_signal_count++;
1052 /* Process any pending signals. If signals are caught, this function
1053 should be called periodically. Ideally there should never be an
1054 unbounded amount of time when signals are not being processed.
1055 Signal handling can restore the default colors, so callers must
1056 immediately change colors after invoking this function. */
1059 process_signals (void)
1061 while (interrupt_signal | stop_signal_count)
1067 restore_default_color ();
1070 sigprocmask (SIG_BLOCK, &caught_signals, &oldset);
1072 /* Reload interrupt_signal and stop_signal_count, in case a new
1073 signal was handled before sigprocmask took effect. */
1074 sig = interrupt_signal;
1075 stops = stop_signal_count;
1077 /* SIGTSTP is special, since the application can receive that signal
1078 more than once. In this case, don't set the signal handler to the
1079 default. Instead, just raise the uncatchable SIGSTOP. */
1082 stop_signal_count = stops - 1;
1086 signal (sig, SIG_DFL);
1088 /* Exit or suspend the program. */
1090 sigprocmask (SIG_SETMASK, &oldset, NULL);
1092 /* If execution reaches here, then the program has been
1093 continued (after being suspended). */
1098 main (int argc, char **argv)
1101 struct pending *thispend;
1104 /* The signals that are trapped, and the number of such signals. */
1105 static int const sig[] = { SIGHUP, SIGINT, SIGPIPE,
1106 SIGQUIT, SIGTERM, SIGTSTP };
1107 enum { nsigs = sizeof sig / sizeof sig[0] };
1110 bool caught_sig[nsigs];
1113 initialize_main (&argc, &argv);
1114 program_name = argv[0];
1115 setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
1116 bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
1117 textdomain (PACKAGE);
1119 initialize_exit_failure (LS_FAILURE);
1120 atexit (close_stdout);
1122 #define N_ENTRIES(Array) (sizeof Array / sizeof *(Array))
1123 assert (N_ENTRIES (color_indicator) + 1 == N_ENTRIES (indicator_name));
1125 exit_status = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1126 print_dir_name = true;
1127 pending_dirs = NULL;
1129 i = decode_switches (argc, argv);
1131 if (print_with_color)
1134 /* Test print_with_color again, because the call to parse_ls_color
1135 may have just reset it -- e.g., if LS_COLORS is invalid. */
1136 if (print_with_color)
1138 /* Avoid following symbolic links when possible. */
1139 if (is_colored (C_ORPHAN)
1140 || is_colored (C_EXEC)
1141 || (is_colored (C_MISSING) && format == long_format))
1142 check_symlink_color = true;
1144 /* If the standard output is a controlling terminal, watch out
1145 for signals, so that the colors can be restored to the
1146 default state if "ls" is suspended or interrupted. */
1148 if (0 <= tcgetpgrp (STDOUT_FILENO))
1152 struct sigaction act;
1154 sigemptyset (&caught_signals);
1155 for (j = 0; j < nsigs; j++)
1157 sigaction (sig[j], NULL, &act);
1158 if (act.sa_handler != SIG_IGN)
1159 sigaddset (&caught_signals, sig[j]);
1162 act.sa_mask = caught_signals;
1163 act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
1165 for (j = 0; j < nsigs; j++)
1166 if (sigismember (&caught_signals, sig[j]))
1168 act.sa_handler = sig[j] == SIGTSTP ? stophandler : sighandler;
1169 sigaction (sig[j], &act, NULL);
1172 for (j = 0; j < nsigs; j++)
1174 caught_sig[j] = (signal (sig[j], SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN);
1177 signal (sig[j], sig[j] == SIGTSTP ? stophandler : sighandler);
1178 siginterrupt (sig[j], 0);
1184 prep_non_filename_text ();
1187 if (dereference == DEREF_UNDEFINED)
1188 dereference = ((immediate_dirs
1189 || indicator_style == classify
1190 || format == long_format)
1192 : DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_SYMLINK_TO_DIR);
1194 /* When using -R, initialize a data structure we'll use to
1195 detect any directory cycles. */
1198 active_dir_set = hash_initialize (INITIAL_TABLE_SIZE, NULL,
1202 if (active_dir_set == NULL)
1205 obstack_init (&dev_ino_obstack);
1208 format_needs_stat = sort_type == sort_time || sort_type == sort_size
1209 || format == long_format
1210 || dereference == DEREF_ALWAYS
1211 || print_block_size || print_inode;
1212 format_needs_type = (!format_needs_stat
1213 && (recursive || print_with_color
1214 || indicator_style != none));
1218 obstack_init (&dired_obstack);
1219 obstack_init (&subdired_obstack);
1223 files = xnmalloc (nfiles, sizeof *files);
1233 gobble_file (".", directory, true, "");
1235 queue_directory (".", NULL, true);
1239 gobble_file (argv[i++], unknown, true, "");
1245 if (!immediate_dirs)
1246 extract_dirs_from_files (NULL, true);
1247 /* `files_index' might be zero now. */
1250 /* In the following if/else blocks, it is sufficient to test `pending_dirs'
1251 (and not pending_dirs->name) because there may be no markers in the queue
1252 at this point. A marker may be enqueued when extract_dirs_from_files is
1253 called with a non-empty string or via print_dir. */
1256 print_current_files ();
1258 DIRED_PUTCHAR ('\n');
1260 else if (n_files <= 1 && pending_dirs && pending_dirs->next == 0)
1261 print_dir_name = false;
1263 while (pending_dirs)
1265 thispend = pending_dirs;
1266 pending_dirs = pending_dirs->next;
1270 if (thispend->name == NULL)
1272 /* thispend->name == NULL means this is a marker entry
1273 indicating we've finished processing the directory.
1274 Use its dev/ino numbers to remove the corresponding
1275 entry from the active_dir_set hash table. */
1276 struct dev_ino di = dev_ino_pop ();
1277 struct dev_ino *found = hash_delete (active_dir_set, &di);
1278 /* ASSERT_MATCHING_DEV_INO (thispend->realname, di); */
1280 dev_ino_free (found);
1281 free_pending_ent (thispend);
1286 print_dir (thispend->name, thispend->realname,
1287 thispend->command_line_arg);
1289 free_pending_ent (thispend);
1290 print_dir_name = true;
1293 if (print_with_color)
1297 restore_default_color ();
1300 /* Restore the default signal handling. */
1302 for (j = 0; j < nsigs; j++)
1303 if (sigismember (&caught_signals, sig[j]))
1304 signal (sig[j], SIG_DFL);
1306 for (j = 0; j < nsigs; j++)
1308 signal (sig[j], SIG_DFL);
1311 /* Act on any signals that arrived before the default was restored.
1312 This can process signals out of order, but there doesn't seem to
1313 be an easy way to do them in order, and the order isn't that
1314 important anyway. */
1315 for (j = stop_signal_count; j; j--)
1317 j = interrupt_signal;
1324 /* No need to free these since we're about to exit. */
1325 dired_dump_obstack ("//DIRED//", &dired_obstack);
1326 dired_dump_obstack ("//SUBDIRED//", &subdired_obstack);
1327 printf ("//DIRED-OPTIONS// --quoting-style=%s\n",
1328 quoting_style_args[get_quoting_style (filename_quoting_options)]);
1333 assert (hash_get_n_entries (active_dir_set) == 0);
1334 hash_free (active_dir_set);
1340 /* Set all the option flags according to the switches specified.
1341 Return the index of the first non-option argument. */
1344 decode_switches (int argc, char **argv)
1347 char *time_style_option = NULL;
1349 /* Record whether there is an option specifying sort type. */
1350 bool sort_type_specified = false;
1352 qmark_funny_chars = false;
1354 /* initialize all switches to default settings */
1359 /* This is for the `dir' program. */
1360 format = many_per_line;
1361 set_quoting_style (NULL, escape_quoting_style);
1364 case LS_LONG_FORMAT:
1365 /* This is for the `vdir' program. */
1366 format = long_format;
1367 set_quoting_style (NULL, escape_quoting_style);
1371 /* This is for the `ls' program. */
1372 if (isatty (STDOUT_FILENO))
1374 format = many_per_line;
1375 /* See description of qmark_funny_chars, above. */
1376 qmark_funny_chars = true;
1380 format = one_per_line;
1381 qmark_funny_chars = false;
1389 time_type = time_mtime;
1390 sort_type = sort_name;
1391 sort_reverse = false;
1392 numeric_ids = false;
1393 print_block_size = false;
1394 indicator_style = none;
1395 print_inode = false;
1396 dereference = DEREF_UNDEFINED;
1398 immediate_dirs = false;
1399 ignore_mode = IGNORE_DEFAULT;
1400 ignore_patterns = NULL;
1401 hide_patterns = NULL;
1403 /* FIXME: put this in a function. */
1405 char const *q_style = getenv ("QUOTING_STYLE");
1408 int i = ARGMATCH (q_style, quoting_style_args, quoting_style_vals);
1410 set_quoting_style (NULL, quoting_style_vals[i]);
1413 _("ignoring invalid value of environment variable QUOTING_STYLE: %s"),
1414 quotearg (q_style));
1419 char const *ls_block_size = getenv ("LS_BLOCK_SIZE");
1420 human_output_opts = human_options (ls_block_size, false,
1421 &output_block_size);
1422 if (ls_block_size || getenv ("BLOCK_SIZE"))
1423 file_output_block_size = output_block_size;
1428 char const *p = getenv ("COLUMNS");
1431 unsigned long int tmp_ulong;
1432 if (xstrtoul (p, NULL, 0, &tmp_ulong, NULL) == LONGINT_OK
1433 && 0 < tmp_ulong && tmp_ulong <= SIZE_MAX)
1435 line_length = tmp_ulong;
1440 _("ignoring invalid width in environment variable COLUMNS: %s"),
1450 if (ioctl (STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) != -1
1451 && 0 < ws.ws_col && ws.ws_col == (size_t) ws.ws_col)
1452 line_length = ws.ws_col;
1457 char const *p = getenv ("TABSIZE");
1461 unsigned long int tmp_ulong;
1462 if (xstrtoul (p, NULL, 0, &tmp_ulong, NULL) == LONGINT_OK
1463 && tmp_ulong <= SIZE_MAX)
1465 tabsize = tmp_ulong;
1470 _("ignoring invalid tab size in environment variable TABSIZE: %s"),
1476 while ((c = getopt_long (argc, argv,
1477 "abcdfghiklmnopqrstuvw:xABCDFGHI:LNQRST:UX1",
1478 long_options, NULL)) != -1)
1483 ignore_mode = IGNORE_MINIMAL;
1487 set_quoting_style (NULL, escape_quoting_style);
1491 time_type = time_ctime;
1495 immediate_dirs = true;
1499 /* Same as enabling -a -U and disabling -l -s. */
1500 ignore_mode = IGNORE_MINIMAL;
1501 sort_type = sort_none;
1502 sort_type_specified = true;
1504 if (format == long_format)
1505 format = (isatty (STDOUT_FILENO) ? many_per_line : one_per_line);
1506 print_block_size = false; /* disable -s */
1507 print_with_color = false; /* disable --color */
1511 format = long_format;
1512 print_owner = false;
1516 human_output_opts = human_autoscale | human_SI | human_base_1024;
1517 file_output_block_size = output_block_size = 1;
1525 human_output_opts = 0;
1526 file_output_block_size = output_block_size = 1024;
1530 format = long_format;
1534 format = with_commas;
1539 format = long_format;
1542 case 'o': /* Just like -l, but don't display group info. */
1543 format = long_format;
1544 print_group = false;
1548 indicator_style = file_type;
1552 qmark_funny_chars = true;
1556 sort_reverse = true;
1560 print_block_size = true;
1564 sort_type = sort_time;
1565 sort_type_specified = true;
1569 time_type = time_atime;
1573 sort_type = sort_version;
1574 sort_type_specified = true;
1579 unsigned long int tmp_ulong;
1580 if (xstrtoul (optarg, NULL, 0, &tmp_ulong, NULL) != LONGINT_OK
1581 || ! (0 < tmp_ulong && tmp_ulong <= SIZE_MAX))
1582 error (LS_FAILURE, 0, _("invalid line width: %s"),
1584 line_length = tmp_ulong;
1589 format = horizontal;
1593 if (ignore_mode == IGNORE_DEFAULT)
1594 ignore_mode = IGNORE_DOT_AND_DOTDOT;
1598 add_ignore_pattern ("*~");
1599 add_ignore_pattern (".*~");
1603 format = many_per_line;
1611 indicator_style = classify;
1614 case 'G': /* inhibit display of group info */
1615 print_group = false;
1619 dereference = DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_ARGUMENTS;
1622 case DEREFERENCE_COMMAND_LINE_SYMLINK_TO_DIR_OPTION:
1623 dereference = DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_SYMLINK_TO_DIR;
1627 add_ignore_pattern (optarg);
1631 dereference = DEREF_ALWAYS;
1635 set_quoting_style (NULL, literal_quoting_style);
1639 set_quoting_style (NULL, c_quoting_style);
1647 sort_type = sort_size;
1648 sort_type_specified = true;
1653 unsigned long int tmp_ulong;
1654 if (xstrtoul (optarg, NULL, 0, &tmp_ulong, NULL) != LONGINT_OK
1655 || SIZE_MAX < tmp_ulong)
1656 error (LS_FAILURE, 0, _("invalid tab size: %s"),
1658 tabsize = tmp_ulong;
1663 sort_type = sort_none;
1664 sort_type_specified = true;
1668 sort_type = sort_extension;
1669 sort_type_specified = true;
1673 /* -1 has no effect after -l. */
1674 if (format != long_format)
1675 format = one_per_line;
1679 print_author = true;
1684 struct ignore_pattern *hide = xmalloc (sizeof *hide);
1685 hide->pattern = optarg;
1686 hide->next = hide_patterns;
1687 hide_patterns = hide;
1692 sort_type = XARGMATCH ("--sort", optarg, sort_args, sort_types);
1693 sort_type_specified = true;
1697 time_type = XARGMATCH ("--time", optarg, time_args, time_types);
1701 format = XARGMATCH ("--format", optarg, format_args, format_types);
1704 case FULL_TIME_OPTION:
1705 format = long_format;
1706 time_style_option = "full-iso";
1713 i = XARGMATCH ("--color", optarg, color_args, color_types);
1715 /* Using --color with no argument is equivalent to using
1719 print_with_color = (i == color_always
1720 || (i == color_if_tty
1721 && isatty (STDOUT_FILENO)));
1723 if (print_with_color)
1725 /* Don't use TAB characters in output. Some terminal
1726 emulators can't handle the combination of tabs and
1727 color codes on the same line. */
1733 case INDICATOR_STYLE_OPTION:
1734 indicator_style = XARGMATCH ("--indicator-style", optarg,
1735 indicator_style_args,
1736 indicator_style_types);
1739 case QUOTING_STYLE_OPTION:
1740 set_quoting_style (NULL,
1741 XARGMATCH ("--quoting-style", optarg,
1743 quoting_style_vals));
1746 case TIME_STYLE_OPTION:
1747 time_style_option = optarg;
1750 case SHOW_CONTROL_CHARS_OPTION:
1751 qmark_funny_chars = false;
1754 case BLOCK_SIZE_OPTION:
1755 human_output_opts = human_options (optarg, true, &output_block_size);
1756 file_output_block_size = output_block_size;
1760 human_output_opts = human_autoscale | human_SI;
1761 file_output_block_size = output_block_size = 1;
1764 case_GETOPT_HELP_CHAR;
1766 case_GETOPT_VERSION_CHAR (PROGRAM_NAME, AUTHORS);
1773 max_idx = MAX (1, line_length / MIN_COLUMN_WIDTH);
1775 filename_quoting_options = clone_quoting_options (NULL);
1776 if (get_quoting_style (filename_quoting_options) == escape_quoting_style)
1777 set_char_quoting (filename_quoting_options, ' ', 1);
1778 if (indicator_style != none)
1781 for (p = "*=@|" + indicator_style - 1; *p; p++)
1782 set_char_quoting (filename_quoting_options, *p, 1);
1785 dirname_quoting_options = clone_quoting_options (NULL);
1786 set_char_quoting (dirname_quoting_options, ':', 1);
1788 /* --dired is meaningful only with --format=long (-l).
1789 Otherwise, ignore it. FIXME: warn about this?
1790 Alternatively, make --dired imply --format=long? */
1791 if (dired && format != long_format)
1794 /* If -c or -u is specified and not -l (or any other option that implies -l),
1795 and no sort-type was specified, then sort by the ctime (-c) or atime (-u).
1796 The behavior of ls when using either -c or -u but with neither -l nor -t
1797 appears to be unspecified by POSIX. So, with GNU ls, `-u' alone means
1798 sort by atime (this is the one that's not specified by the POSIX spec),
1799 -lu means show atime and sort by name, -lut means show atime and sort
1802 if ((time_type == time_ctime || time_type == time_atime)
1803 && !sort_type_specified && format != long_format)
1805 sort_type = sort_time;
1808 if (format == long_format)
1810 char *style = time_style_option;
1811 static char const posix_prefix[] = "posix-";
1814 if (! (style = getenv ("TIME_STYLE")))
1815 style = "posix-long-iso";
1817 while (strncmp (style, posix_prefix, sizeof posix_prefix - 1) == 0)
1819 if (! hard_locale (LC_TIME))
1821 style += sizeof posix_prefix - 1;
1826 char *p0 = style + 1;
1827 char *p1 = strchr (p0, '\n');
1832 if (strchr (p1 + 1, '\n'))
1833 error (LS_FAILURE, 0, _("invalid time style format %s"),
1837 long_time_format[0] = p0;
1838 long_time_format[1] = p1;
1841 switch (XARGMATCH ("time style", style,
1845 case full_iso_time_style:
1846 long_time_format[0] = long_time_format[1] =
1847 "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%N %z";
1850 case long_iso_time_style:
1851 long_time_format[0] = long_time_format[1] = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M";
1854 case iso_time_style:
1855 long_time_format[0] = "%Y-%m-%d ";
1856 long_time_format[1] = "%m-%d %H:%M";
1859 case locale_time_style:
1860 if (hard_locale (LC_TIME))
1863 for (i = 0; i < 2; i++)
1864 long_time_format[i] =
1865 dcgettext (NULL, long_time_format[i], LC_TIME);
1873 /* Parse a string as part of the LS_COLORS variable; this may involve
1874 decoding all kinds of escape characters. If equals_end is set an
1875 unescaped equal sign ends the string, otherwise only a : or \0
1876 does. Set *OUTPUT_COUNT to the number of bytes output. Return
1879 The resulting string is *not* null-terminated, but may contain
1882 Note that both dest and src are char **; on return they point to
1883 the first free byte after the array and the character that ended
1884 the input string, respectively. */
1887 get_funky_string (char **dest, const char **src, bool equals_end,
1888 size_t *output_count)
1890 char num; /* For numerical codes */
1891 size_t count; /* Something to count with */
1893 ST_GND, ST_BACKSLASH, ST_OCTAL, ST_HEX, ST_CARET, ST_END, ST_ERROR
1898 p = *src; /* We don't want to double-indirect */
1899 q = *dest; /* the whole darn time. */
1901 count = 0; /* No characters counted in yet. */
1904 state = ST_GND; /* Start in ground state. */
1905 while (state < ST_END)
1909 case ST_GND: /* Ground state (no escapes) */
1914 state = ST_END; /* End of string */
1917 state = ST_BACKSLASH; /* Backslash scape sequence */
1921 state = ST_CARET; /* Caret escape */
1927 state = ST_END; /* End */
1930 /* else fall through */
1938 case ST_BACKSLASH: /* Backslash escaped character */
1949 state = ST_OCTAL; /* Octal sequence */
1954 state = ST_HEX; /* Hex sequence */
1957 case 'a': /* Bell */
1960 case 'b': /* Backspace */
1963 case 'e': /* Escape */
1966 case 'f': /* Form feed */
1969 case 'n': /* Newline */
1972 case 'r': /* Carriage return */
1978 case 'v': /* Vtab */
1981 case '?': /* Delete */
1984 case '_': /* Space */
1987 case '\0': /* End of string */
1988 state = ST_ERROR; /* Error! */
1990 default: /* Escaped character like \ ^ : = */
1994 if (state == ST_BACKSLASH)
2003 case ST_OCTAL: /* Octal sequence */
2004 if (*p < '0' || *p > '7')
2011 num = (num << 3) + (*(p++) - '0');
2014 case ST_HEX: /* Hex sequence */
2027 num = (num << 4) + (*(p++) - '0');
2035 num = (num << 4) + (*(p++) - 'a') + 10;
2043 num = (num << 4) + (*(p++) - 'A') + 10;
2053 case ST_CARET: /* Caret escape */
2054 state = ST_GND; /* Should be the next state... */
2055 if (*p >= '@' && *p <= '~')
2057 *(q++) = *(p++) & 037;
2076 *output_count = count;
2078 return state != ST_ERROR;
2082 parse_ls_color (void)
2084 const char *p; /* Pointer to character being parsed */
2085 char *buf; /* color_buf buffer pointer */
2086 int state; /* State of parser */
2087 int ind_no; /* Indicator number */
2088 char label[3]; /* Indicator label */
2089 struct color_ext_type *ext; /* Extension we are working on */
2091 if ((p = getenv ("LS_COLORS")) == NULL || *p == '\0')
2095 strcpy (label, "??");
2097 /* This is an overly conservative estimate, but any possible
2098 LS_COLORS string will *not* generate a color_buf longer than
2099 itself, so it is a safe way of allocating a buffer in
2101 buf = color_buf = xstrdup (p);
2108 case 1: /* First label character */
2116 /* Allocate new extension block and add to head of
2117 linked list (this way a later definition will
2118 override an earlier one, which can be useful for
2119 having terminal-specific defs override global). */
2121 ext = xmalloc (sizeof *ext);
2122 ext->next = color_ext_list;
2123 color_ext_list = ext;
2126 ext->ext.string = buf;
2128 state = (get_funky_string (&buf, &p, true, &ext->ext.len)
2133 state = 0; /* Done! */
2136 default: /* Assume it is file type label */
2143 case 2: /* Second label character */
2150 state = -1; /* Error */
2153 case 3: /* Equal sign after indicator label */
2154 state = -1; /* Assume failure... */
2155 if (*(p++) == '=')/* It *should* be... */
2157 for (ind_no = 0; indicator_name[ind_no] != NULL; ++ind_no)
2159 if (STREQ (label, indicator_name[ind_no]))
2161 color_indicator[ind_no].string = buf;
2162 state = (get_funky_string (&buf, &p, false,
2163 &color_indicator[ind_no].len)
2169 error (0, 0, _("unrecognized prefix: %s"), quotearg (label));
2173 case 4: /* Equal sign after *.ext */
2176 ext->seq.string = buf;
2177 state = (get_funky_string (&buf, &p, false, &ext->seq.len)
2188 struct color_ext_type *e;
2189 struct color_ext_type *e2;
2192 _("unparsable value for LS_COLORS environment variable"));
2194 for (e = color_ext_list; e != NULL; /* empty */)
2200 print_with_color = false;
2203 if (color_indicator[C_LINK].len == 6
2204 && !strncmp (color_indicator[C_LINK].string, "target", 6))
2205 color_symlink_as_referent = true;
2208 /* Set the exit status to report a failure. If SERIOUS, it is a
2209 serious failure; otherwise, it is merely a minor problem. */
2212 set_exit_status (bool serious)
2215 exit_status = LS_FAILURE;
2216 else if (exit_status == EXIT_SUCCESS)
2217 exit_status = LS_MINOR_PROBLEM;
2220 /* Assuming a failure is serious if SERIOUS, use the printf-style
2221 MESSAGE to report the failure to access a file named FILE. Assume
2222 errno is set appropriately for the failure. */
2225 file_failure (bool serious, char const *message, char const *file)
2227 error (0, errno, message, quotearg_colon (file));
2228 set_exit_status (serious);
2231 /* Request that the directory named NAME have its contents listed later.
2232 If REALNAME is nonzero, it will be used instead of NAME when the
2233 directory name is printed. This allows symbolic links to directories
2234 to be treated as regular directories but still be listed under their
2235 real names. NAME == NULL is used to insert a marker entry for the
2236 directory named in REALNAME.
2237 If NAME is non-NULL, we use its dev/ino information to save
2238 a call to stat -- when doing a recursive (-R) traversal.
2239 COMMAND_LINE_ARG means this directory was mentioned on the command line. */
2242 queue_directory (char const *name, char const *realname, bool command_line_arg)
2244 struct pending *new = xmalloc (sizeof *new);
2245 new->realname = realname ? xstrdup (realname) : NULL;
2246 new->name = name ? xstrdup (name) : NULL;
2247 new->command_line_arg = command_line_arg;
2248 new->next = pending_dirs;
2252 /* Read directory NAME, and list the files in it.
2253 If REALNAME is nonzero, print its name instead of NAME;
2254 this is used for symbolic links to directories.
2255 COMMAND_LINE_ARG means this directory was mentioned on the command line. */
2258 print_dir (char const *name, char const *realname, bool command_line_arg)
2261 struct dirent *next;
2262 uintmax_t total_blocks = 0;
2263 static bool first = true;
2266 dirp = opendir (name);
2269 file_failure (command_line_arg, "%s", name);
2275 struct stat dir_stat;
2276 int fd = dirfd (dirp);
2278 /* If dirfd failed, endure the overhead of using stat. */
2280 ? fstat (fd, &dir_stat)
2281 : stat (name, &dir_stat)) < 0)
2283 file_failure (command_line_arg,
2284 _("cannot determine device and inode of %s"), name);
2288 /* If we've already visited this dev/inode pair, warn that
2289 we've found a loop, and do not process this directory. */
2290 if (visit_dir (dir_stat.st_dev, dir_stat.st_ino))
2292 error (0, 0, _("%s: not listing already-listed directory"),
2293 quotearg_colon (name));
2297 DEV_INO_PUSH (dir_stat.st_dev, dir_stat.st_ino);
2300 /* Read the directory entries, and insert the subfiles into the `files'
2307 /* Set errno to zero so we can distinguish between a readdir failure
2308 and when readdir simply finds that there are no more entries. */
2310 next = readdir (dirp);
2313 if (! file_ignored (next->d_name))
2315 enum filetype type = unknown;
2317 #if HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_TYPE
2318 if (next->d_type == DT_BLK
2319 || next->d_type == DT_CHR
2320 || next->d_type == DT_DIR
2321 || next->d_type == DT_FIFO
2322 || next->d_type == DT_LNK
2323 || next->d_type == DT_REG
2324 || next->d_type == DT_SOCK)
2325 type = next->d_type;
2327 total_blocks += gobble_file (next->d_name, type, false, name);
2330 else if (errno != 0)
2332 file_failure (command_line_arg, _("reading directory %s"), name);
2333 if (errno != EOVERFLOW)
2340 if (CLOSEDIR (dirp) != 0)
2342 file_failure (command_line_arg, _("closing directory %s"), name);
2343 /* Don't return; print whatever we got. */
2346 /* Sort the directory contents. */
2349 /* If any member files are subdirectories, perhaps they should have their
2350 contents listed rather than being mentioned here as files. */
2353 extract_dirs_from_files (name, command_line_arg);
2355 if (recursive | print_dir_name)
2358 DIRED_PUTCHAR ('\n');
2361 PUSH_CURRENT_DIRED_POS (&subdired_obstack);
2362 dired_pos += quote_name (stdout, realname ? realname : name,
2363 dirname_quoting_options, NULL);
2364 PUSH_CURRENT_DIRED_POS (&subdired_obstack);
2365 DIRED_FPUTS_LITERAL (":\n", stdout);
2368 if (format == long_format || print_block_size)
2371 char buf[LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1];
2375 DIRED_FPUTS (p, stdout, strlen (p));
2376 DIRED_PUTCHAR (' ');
2377 p = human_readable (total_blocks, buf, human_output_opts,
2378 ST_NBLOCKSIZE, output_block_size);
2379 DIRED_FPUTS (p, stdout, strlen (p));
2380 DIRED_PUTCHAR ('\n');
2384 print_current_files ();
2387 /* Add `pattern' to the list of patterns for which files that match are
2391 add_ignore_pattern (const char *pattern)
2393 struct ignore_pattern *ignore;
2395 ignore = xmalloc (sizeof *ignore);
2396 ignore->pattern = pattern;
2397 /* Add it to the head of the linked list. */
2398 ignore->next = ignore_patterns;
2399 ignore_patterns = ignore;
2402 /* Return true if one of the PATTERNS matches FILE. */
2405 patterns_match (struct ignore_pattern const *patterns, char const *file)
2407 struct ignore_pattern const *p;
2408 for (p = patterns; p; p = p->next)
2409 if (fnmatch (p->pattern, file, FNM_PERIOD) == 0)
2414 /* Return true if FILE should be ignored. */
2417 file_ignored (char const *name)
2419 return ((ignore_mode != IGNORE_MINIMAL
2421 && (ignore_mode == IGNORE_DEFAULT || ! name[1 + (name[1] == '.')]))
2422 || (ignore_mode == IGNORE_DEFAULT
2423 && patterns_match (hide_patterns, name))
2424 || patterns_match (ignore_patterns, name));
2427 /* POSIX requires that a file size be printed without a sign, even
2428 when negative. Assume the typical case where negative sizes are
2429 actually positive values that have wrapped around. */
2432 unsigned_file_size (off_t size)
2434 return size + (size < 0) * ((uintmax_t) OFF_T_MAX - OFF_T_MIN + 1);
2437 /* Enter and remove entries in the table `files'. */
2439 /* Empty the table of files. */
2446 for (i = 0; i < files_index; i++)
2448 free (files[i].name);
2449 if (files[i].linkname)
2450 free (files[i].linkname);
2454 inode_number_width = 0;
2455 block_size_width = 0;
2460 major_device_number_width = 0;
2461 minor_device_number_width = 0;
2462 file_size_width = 0;
2465 /* Add a file to the current table of files.
2466 Verify that the file exists, and print an error message if it does not.
2467 Return the number of blocks that the file occupies. */
2470 gobble_file (char const *name, enum filetype type, bool command_line_arg,
2471 char const *dirname)
2477 if (files_index == nfiles)
2479 files = xnrealloc (files, nfiles, 2 * sizeof *files);
2483 f = &files[files_index];
2488 if (command_line_arg
2489 || format_needs_stat
2490 || (format_needs_type
2493 /* FIXME: remove this disjunct.
2494 I don't think we care about symlinks here, but for now
2495 this won't make a big performance difference. */
2496 || type == symbolic_link
2498 /* --indicator-style=classify (aka -F)
2499 requires that we stat each regular file
2500 to see if it's executable. */
2501 || (type == normal && (indicator_style == classify
2502 /* This is so that --color ends up
2503 highlighting files with the executable
2504 bit set even when options like -F are
2506 || (print_with_color
2507 && is_colored (C_EXEC))
2511 /* `path' is the absolute pathname of this file. */
2514 if (name[0] == '/' || dirname[0] == 0)
2515 path = (char *) name;
2518 path = alloca (strlen (name) + strlen (dirname) + 2);
2519 attach (path, dirname, name);
2522 switch (dereference)
2525 err = stat (path, &f->stat);
2528 case DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_ARGUMENTS:
2529 case DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_SYMLINK_TO_DIR:
2530 if (command_line_arg)
2533 err = stat (path, &f->stat);
2535 if (dereference == DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_ARGUMENTS)
2538 need_lstat = (err < 0
2540 : ! S_ISDIR (f->stat.st_mode));
2544 /* stat failed because of ENOENT, maybe indicating a dangling
2545 symlink. Or stat succeeded, PATH does not refer to a
2546 directory, and --dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir is
2547 in effect. Fall through so that we call lstat instead. */
2550 default: /* DEREF_NEVER */
2551 err = lstat (path, &f->stat);
2557 file_failure (command_line_arg, "%s", path);
2562 if (format == long_format)
2564 int n = file_has_acl (path, &f->stat);
2565 f->have_acl = (0 < n);
2567 error (0, errno, "%s", quotearg_colon (path));
2571 if (S_ISLNK (f->stat.st_mode)
2572 && (format == long_format || check_symlink_color))
2575 struct stat linkstats;
2577 get_link_name (path, f, command_line_arg);
2578 linkpath = make_link_path (path, f->linkname);
2580 /* Avoid following symbolic links when possible, ie, when
2581 they won't be traced and when no indicator is needed. */
2583 && (indicator_style != none || check_symlink_color)
2584 && stat (linkpath, &linkstats) == 0)
2588 /* Symbolic links to directories that are mentioned on the
2589 command line are automatically traced if not being
2591 if (!command_line_arg || format == long_format
2592 || !S_ISDIR (linkstats.st_mode))
2594 /* Get the linked-to file's mode for the filetype indicator
2595 in long listings. */
2596 f->linkmode = linkstats.st_mode;
2604 if (S_ISLNK (f->stat.st_mode))
2605 f->filetype = symbolic_link;
2606 else if (S_ISDIR (f->stat.st_mode))
2608 if (command_line_arg & !immediate_dirs)
2609 f->filetype = arg_directory;
2611 f->filetype = directory;
2614 f->filetype = normal;
2617 char buf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t)];
2618 int len = strlen (umaxtostr (f->stat.st_ino, buf));
2619 if (inode_number_width < len)
2620 inode_number_width = len;
2623 blocks = ST_NBLOCKS (f->stat);
2625 char buf[LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1];
2626 int len = mbswidth (human_readable (blocks, buf, human_output_opts,
2627 ST_NBLOCKSIZE, output_block_size),
2629 if (block_size_width < len)
2630 block_size_width = len;
2635 int len = format_user_width (f->stat.st_uid);
2636 if (owner_width < len)
2642 int len = format_group_width (f->stat.st_gid);
2643 if (group_width < len)
2649 int len = format_user_width (f->stat.st_uid);
2650 if (author_width < len)
2655 char buf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t)];
2656 int len = strlen (umaxtostr (f->stat.st_nlink, buf));
2657 if (nlink_width < len)
2661 if (S_ISCHR (f->stat.st_mode) || S_ISBLK (f->stat.st_mode))
2663 char buf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t)];
2664 int len = strlen (umaxtostr (major (f->stat.st_rdev), buf));
2665 if (major_device_number_width < len)
2666 major_device_number_width = len;
2667 len = strlen (umaxtostr (minor (f->stat.st_rdev), buf));
2668 if (minor_device_number_width < len)
2669 minor_device_number_width = len;
2670 len = major_device_number_width + 2 + minor_device_number_width;
2671 if (file_size_width < len)
2672 file_size_width = len;
2676 char buf[LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1];
2677 uintmax_t size = unsigned_file_size (f->stat.st_size);
2678 int len = mbswidth (human_readable (size, buf, human_output_opts,
2679 1, file_output_block_size),
2681 if (file_size_width < len)
2682 file_size_width = len;
2688 #if HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_TYPE
2689 f->stat.st_mode = DTTOIF (type);
2694 f->name = xstrdup (name);
2702 /* Put the name of the file that FILENAME is a symbolic link to
2703 into the LINKNAME field of `f'. COMMAND_LINE_ARG indicates whether
2704 FILENAME is a command-line argument. */
2707 get_link_name (char const *filename, struct fileinfo *f, bool command_line_arg)
2709 f->linkname = xreadlink (filename, f->stat.st_size);
2710 if (f->linkname == NULL)
2711 file_failure (command_line_arg, _("cannot read symbolic link %s"),
2715 /* If `linkname' is a relative path and `path' contains one or more
2716 leading directories, return `linkname' with those directories
2717 prepended; otherwise, return a copy of `linkname'.
2718 If `linkname' is zero, return zero. */
2721 make_link_path (const char *path, const char *linkname)
2729 if (*linkname == '/')
2730 return xstrdup (linkname);
2732 /* The link is to a relative path. Prepend any leading path
2733 in `path' to the link name. */
2734 linkbuf = strrchr (path, '/');
2736 return xstrdup (linkname);
2738 bufsiz = linkbuf - path + 1;
2739 linkbuf = xmalloc (bufsiz + strlen (linkname) + 1);
2740 strncpy (linkbuf, path, bufsiz);
2741 strcpy (linkbuf + bufsiz, linkname);
2746 /* Return true if base_name (NAME) ends in `.' or `..'
2747 This is so we don't try to recurse on `././././. ...' */
2750 basename_is_dot_or_dotdot (const char *name)
2752 char const *base = base_name (name);
2753 return DOT_OR_DOTDOT (base);
2756 /* Remove any entries from FILES that are for directories,
2757 and queue them to be listed as directories instead.
2758 DIRNAME is the prefix to prepend to each dirname
2759 to make it correct relative to ls's working dir;
2760 if it is null, no prefix is needed and "." and ".." should not be ignored.
2761 If COMMAND_LINE_ARG is true, this directory was mentioned at the top level,
2762 This is desirable when processing directories recursively. */
2765 extract_dirs_from_files (char const *dirname, bool command_line_arg)
2769 bool ignore_dot_and_dot_dot = (dirname != NULL);
2771 if (dirname && LOOP_DETECT)
2773 /* Insert a marker entry first. When we dequeue this marker entry,
2774 we'll know that DIRNAME has been processed and may be removed
2775 from the set of active directories. */
2776 queue_directory (NULL, dirname, false);
2779 /* Queue the directories last one first, because queueing reverses the
2781 for (i = files_index; i-- != 0; )
2782 if ((files[i].filetype == directory || files[i].filetype == arg_directory)
2783 && (!ignore_dot_and_dot_dot
2784 || !basename_is_dot_or_dotdot (files[i].name)))
2786 if (!dirname || files[i].name[0] == '/')
2788 queue_directory (files[i].name, files[i].linkname,
2793 char *path = path_concat (dirname, files[i].name, NULL);
2794 queue_directory (path, files[i].linkname, command_line_arg);
2797 if (files[i].filetype == arg_directory)
2798 free (files[i].name);
2801 /* Now delete the directories from the table, compacting all the remaining
2804 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < files_index; i++)
2806 if (files[i].filetype != arg_directory)
2809 files[j] = files[i];
2816 /* Use strcoll to compare strings in this locale. If an error occurs,
2817 report an error and longjmp to failed_strcoll. */
2819 static jmp_buf failed_strcoll;
2822 xstrcoll (char const *a, char const *b)
2826 diff = strcoll (a, b);
2829 error (0, errno, _("cannot compare file names %s and %s"),
2830 quote_n (0, a), quote_n (1, b));
2831 set_exit_status (false);
2832 longjmp (failed_strcoll, 1);
2837 /* Comparison routines for sorting the files. */
2839 typedef void const *V;
2842 cmp_ctime (struct fileinfo const *a, struct fileinfo const *b,
2843 int (*cmp) (char const *, char const *))
2845 int diff = CTIME_CMP (b->stat, a->stat);
2846 return diff ? diff : cmp (a->name, b->name);
2848 static int compare_ctime (V a, V b) { return cmp_ctime (a, b, xstrcoll); }
2849 static int compstr_ctime (V a, V b) { return cmp_ctime (a, b, strcmp); }
2850 static int rev_cmp_ctime (V a, V b) { return compare_ctime (b, a); }
2851 static int rev_str_ctime (V a, V b) { return compstr_ctime (b, a); }
2854 cmp_mtime (struct fileinfo const *a, struct fileinfo const *b,
2855 int (*cmp) (char const *, char const *))
2857 int diff = MTIME_CMP (b->stat, a->stat);
2858 return diff ? diff : cmp (a->name, b->name);
2860 static int compare_mtime (V a, V b) { return cmp_mtime (a, b, xstrcoll); }
2861 static int compstr_mtime (V a, V b) { return cmp_mtime (a, b, strcmp); }
2862 static int rev_cmp_mtime (V a, V b) { return compare_mtime (b, a); }
2863 static int rev_str_mtime (V a, V b) { return compstr_mtime (b, a); }
2866 cmp_atime (struct fileinfo const *a, struct fileinfo const *b,
2867 int (*cmp) (char const *, char const *))
2869 int diff = ATIME_CMP (b->stat, a->stat);
2870 return diff ? diff : cmp (a->name, b->name);
2872 static int compare_atime (V a, V b) { return cmp_atime (a, b, xstrcoll); }
2873 static int compstr_atime (V a, V b) { return cmp_atime (a, b, strcmp); }
2874 static int rev_cmp_atime (V a, V b) { return compare_atime (b, a); }
2875 static int rev_str_atime (V a, V b) { return compstr_atime (b, a); }
2878 cmp_size (struct fileinfo const *a, struct fileinfo const *b,
2879 int (*cmp) (char const *, char const *))
2881 int diff = longdiff (b->stat.st_size, a->stat.st_size);
2882 return diff ? diff : cmp (a->name, b->name);
2884 static int compare_size (V a, V b) { return cmp_size (a, b, xstrcoll); }
2885 static int compstr_size (V a, V b) { return cmp_size (a, b, strcmp); }
2886 static int rev_cmp_size (V a, V b) { return compare_size (b, a); }
2887 static int rev_str_size (V a, V b) { return compstr_size (b, a); }
2890 cmp_version (struct fileinfo const *a, struct fileinfo const *b)
2892 return strverscmp (a->name, b->name);
2894 static int compare_version (V a, V b) { return cmp_version (a, b); }
2895 static int rev_cmp_version (V a, V b) { return compare_version (b, a); }
2898 cmp_name (struct fileinfo const *a, struct fileinfo const *b,
2899 int (*cmp) (char const *, char const *))
2901 return cmp (a->name, b->name);
2903 static int compare_name (V a, V b) { return cmp_name (a, b, xstrcoll); }
2904 static int compstr_name (V a, V b) { return cmp_name (a, b, strcmp); }
2905 static int rev_cmp_name (V a, V b) { return compare_name (b, a); }
2906 static int rev_str_name (V a, V b) { return compstr_name (b, a); }
2908 /* Compare file extensions. Files with no extension are `smallest'.
2909 If extensions are the same, compare by filenames instead. */
2912 cmp_extension (struct fileinfo const *a, struct fileinfo const *b,
2913 int (*cmp) (char const *, char const *))
2915 char const *base1 = strrchr (a->name, '.');
2916 char const *base2 = strrchr (b->name, '.');
2917 int diff = cmp (base1 ? base1 : "", base2 ? base2 : "");
2918 return diff ? diff : cmp (a->name, b->name);
2920 static int compare_extension (V a, V b) { return cmp_extension (a, b, xstrcoll); }
2921 static int compstr_extension (V a, V b) { return cmp_extension (a, b, strcmp); }
2922 static int rev_cmp_extension (V a, V b) { return compare_extension (b, a); }
2923 static int rev_str_extension (V a, V b) { return compstr_extension (b, a); }
2925 /* Sort the files now in the table. */
2932 /* Try strcoll. If it fails, fall back on strcmp. We can't safely
2933 ignore strcoll failures, as a failing strcoll might be a
2934 comparison function that is not a total order, and if we ignored
2935 the failure this might cause qsort to dump core. */
2937 if (! setjmp (failed_strcoll))
2947 func = sort_reverse ? rev_cmp_ctime : compare_ctime;
2950 func = sort_reverse ? rev_cmp_mtime : compare_mtime;
2953 func = sort_reverse ? rev_cmp_atime : compare_atime;
2960 func = sort_reverse ? rev_cmp_name : compare_name;
2962 case sort_extension:
2963 func = sort_reverse ? rev_cmp_extension : compare_extension;
2966 func = sort_reverse ? rev_cmp_size : compare_size;
2969 func = sort_reverse ? rev_cmp_version : compare_version;
2983 func = sort_reverse ? rev_str_ctime : compstr_ctime;
2986 func = sort_reverse ? rev_str_mtime : compstr_mtime;
2989 func = sort_reverse ? rev_str_atime : compstr_atime;
2996 func = sort_reverse ? rev_str_name : compstr_name;
2998 case sort_extension:
2999 func = sort_reverse ? rev_str_extension : compstr_extension;
3002 func = sort_reverse ? rev_str_size : compstr_size;
3009 qsort (files, files_index, sizeof (struct fileinfo), func);
3012 /* List all the files now in the table. */
3015 print_current_files (void)
3022 for (i = 0; i < files_index; i++)
3024 print_file_name_and_frills (files + i);
3030 print_many_per_line ();
3034 print_horizontal ();
3038 print_with_commas ();
3042 for (i = 0; i < files_index; i++)
3044 print_long_format (files + i);
3045 DIRED_PUTCHAR ('\n');
3051 /* Return the expected number of columns in a long-format time stamp,
3052 or zero if it cannot be calculated. */
3055 long_time_expected_width (void)
3057 static int width = -1;
3062 struct tm const *tm = localtime (&epoch);
3063 char buf[TIME_STAMP_LEN_MAXIMUM + 1];
3068 nstrftime (buf, sizeof buf, long_time_format[0], tm, 0, 0);
3070 width = mbsnwidth (buf, len, 0);
3080 /* Get the current time. */
3083 get_current_time (void)
3085 #if HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME && defined CLOCK_REALTIME
3087 struct timespec timespec;
3088 if (clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME, ×pec) == 0)
3090 current_time = timespec.tv_sec;
3091 current_time_ns = timespec.tv_nsec;
3097 /* The clock does not have nanosecond resolution, so get the maximum
3098 possible value for the current time that is consistent with the
3099 reported clock. That way, files are not considered to be in the
3100 future merely because their time stamps have higher resolution
3101 than the clock resolution. */
3103 #if HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY
3105 struct timeval timeval;
3106 gettimeofday (&timeval, NULL);
3107 current_time = timeval.tv_sec;
3108 current_time_ns = timeval.tv_usec * 1000 + 999;
3111 current_time = time (NULL);
3112 current_time_ns = 999999999;
3116 /* Print the user or group name NAME, with numeric id ID, using a
3117 print width of WIDTH columns. */
3120 format_user_or_group (char const *name, unsigned long int id, int width)
3126 int width_gap = width - mbswidth (name, 0);
3127 int pad = MAX (0, width_gap);
3128 fputs (name, stdout);
3129 len = strlen (name) + pad;
3137 printf ("%*lu ", width, id);
3141 dired_pos += len + 1;
3144 /* Print the name or id of the user with id U, using a print width of
3148 format_user (uid_t u, int width)
3150 format_user_or_group (numeric_ids ? NULL : getuser (u), u, width);
3153 /* Likewise, for groups. */
3156 format_group (gid_t g, int width)
3158 format_user_or_group (numeric_ids ? NULL : getgroup (g), g, width);
3161 /* Return the number of columns that format_user_or_group will print. */
3164 format_user_or_group_width (char const *name, unsigned long int id)
3168 int len = mbswidth (name, 0);
3169 return MAX (0, len);
3173 char buf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (unsigned long int)];
3174 sprintf (buf, "%lu", id);
3175 return strlen (buf);
3179 /* Return the number of columns that format_user will print. */
3182 format_user_width (uid_t u)
3184 return format_user_or_group_width (numeric_ids ? NULL : getuser (u), u);
3187 /* Likewise, for groups. */
3190 format_group_width (gid_t g)
3192 return format_user_or_group_width (numeric_ids ? NULL : getgroup (g), g);
3196 /* Print information about F in long format. */
3199 print_long_format (const struct fileinfo *f)
3203 [LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1 /* inode */
3204 + LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1 /* size in blocks */
3205 + sizeof (modebuf) - 1 + 1 /* mode string */
3206 + INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t) /* st_nlink */
3207 + LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 2 /* major device number */
3208 + LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1 /* minor device number */
3209 + TIME_STAMP_LEN_MAXIMUM + 1 /* max length of time/date */
3214 int when_ns IF_LINT (= 0);
3215 struct tm *when_local;
3217 /* Compute mode string. On most systems, it's based on st_mode.
3218 On systems with migration (via the stat.st_dm_mode field), use
3219 the file's migrated status. */
3220 mode_string (ST_DM_MODE (f->stat), modebuf);
3222 modebuf[10] = (FILE_HAS_ACL (f) ? '+' : ' ');
3228 when = f->stat.st_ctime;
3229 when_ns = TIMESPEC_NS (f->stat.st_ctim);
3232 when = f->stat.st_mtime;
3233 when_ns = TIMESPEC_NS (f->stat.st_mtim);
3236 when = f->stat.st_atime;
3237 when_ns = TIMESPEC_NS (f->stat.st_atim);
3245 char hbuf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t)];
3246 sprintf (p, "%*s ", inode_number_width,
3247 umaxtostr (f->stat.st_ino, hbuf));
3248 p += inode_number_width + 1;
3251 if (print_block_size)
3253 char hbuf[LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1];
3254 char const *blocks =
3255 human_readable (ST_NBLOCKS (f->stat), hbuf, human_output_opts,
3256 ST_NBLOCKSIZE, output_block_size);
3258 for (pad = block_size_width - mbswidth (blocks, 0); 0 < pad; pad--)
3260 while ((*p++ = *blocks++))
3265 /* The last byte of the mode string is the POSIX
3266 "optional alternate access method flag". */
3268 char hbuf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t)];
3269 sprintf (p, "%s %*s ", modebuf, nlink_width,
3270 umaxtostr (f->stat.st_nlink, hbuf));
3272 p += sizeof modebuf + nlink_width + 1;
3276 if (print_owner | print_group | print_author)
3278 DIRED_FPUTS (buf, stdout, p - buf);
3281 format_user (f->stat.st_uid, owner_width);
3284 format_group (f->stat.st_gid, group_width);
3287 format_user (f->stat.st_author, author_width);
3292 if (S_ISCHR (f->stat.st_mode) || S_ISBLK (f->stat.st_mode))
3294 char majorbuf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t)];
3295 char minorbuf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t)];
3296 int blanks_width = (file_size_width
3297 - (major_device_number_width + 2
3298 + minor_device_number_width));
3299 sprintf (p, "%*s, %*s ",
3300 major_device_number_width + MAX (0, blanks_width),
3301 umaxtostr (major (f->stat.st_rdev), majorbuf),
3302 minor_device_number_width,
3303 umaxtostr (minor (f->stat.st_rdev), minorbuf));
3304 p += file_size_width + 1;
3308 char hbuf[LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1];
3310 human_readable (unsigned_file_size (f->stat.st_size),
3311 hbuf, human_output_opts, 1, file_output_block_size);
3313 for (pad = file_size_width - mbswidth (size, 0); 0 < pad; pad--)
3315 while ((*p++ = *size++))
3320 when_local = localtime (&when);
3326 time_t six_months_ago;
3330 /* If the file appears to be in the future, update the current
3331 time, in case the file happens to have been modified since
3332 the last time we checked the clock. */
3333 if (current_time < when
3334 || (current_time == when && current_time_ns < when_ns))
3336 /* Note that get_current_time calls gettimeofday which, on some non-
3337 compliant systems, clobbers the buffer used for localtime's result.
3338 But it's ok here, because we use a gettimeofday wrapper that
3339 saves and restores the buffer around the gettimeofday call. */
3340 get_current_time ();
3343 /* Consider a time to be recent if it is within the past six
3344 months. A Gregorian year has 365.2425 * 24 * 60 * 60 ==
3345 31556952 seconds on the average. Write this value as an
3346 integer constant to avoid floating point hassles. */
3347 six_months_ago = current_time - 31556952 / 2;
3348 recent = (six_months_ago <= when
3349 && (when < current_time
3350 || (when == current_time && when_ns <= current_time_ns)));
3351 fmt = long_time_format[recent];
3353 s = nstrftime (p, TIME_STAMP_LEN_MAXIMUM + 1, fmt,
3354 when_local, 0, when_ns);
3362 /* NUL-terminate the string -- fputs (via DIRED_FPUTS) requires it. */
3367 /* The time cannot be converted using the desired format, so
3368 print it as a huge integer number of seconds. */
3369 char hbuf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (intmax_t)];
3370 sprintf (p, "%*s ", long_time_expected_width (),
3371 (TYPE_SIGNED (time_t)
3372 ? imaxtostr (when, hbuf)
3373 : umaxtostr (when, hbuf)));
3377 DIRED_FPUTS (buf, stdout, p - buf);
3378 print_name_with_quoting (f->name, FILE_OR_LINK_MODE (f), f->linkok,
3381 if (f->filetype == symbolic_link)
3385 DIRED_FPUTS_LITERAL (" -> ", stdout);
3386 print_name_with_quoting (f->linkname, f->linkmode, f->linkok - 1,
3388 if (indicator_style != none)
3389 print_type_indicator (f->linkmode);
3392 else if (indicator_style != none)
3393 print_type_indicator (f->stat.st_mode);
3396 /* Output to OUT a quoted representation of the file name NAME,
3397 using OPTIONS to control quoting. Produce no output if OUT is NULL.
3398 Store the number of screen columns occupied by NAME's quoted
3399 representation into WIDTH, if non-NULL. Return the number of bytes
3403 quote_name (FILE *out, const char *name, struct quoting_options const *options,
3406 char smallbuf[BUFSIZ];
3407 size_t len = quotearg_buffer (smallbuf, sizeof smallbuf, name, -1, options);
3409 size_t displayed_width IF_LINT (= 0);
3411 if (len < sizeof smallbuf)
3415 buf = alloca (len + 1);
3416 quotearg_buffer (buf, len + 1, name, -1, options);
3419 if (qmark_funny_chars)
3424 char const *p = buf;
3425 char const *plimit = buf + len;
3427 displayed_width = 0;
3432 case ' ': case '!': case '"': case '#': case '%':
3433 case '&': case '\'': case '(': case ')': case '*':
3434 case '+': case ',': case '-': case '.': case '/':
3435 case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
3436 case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
3437 case ':': case ';': case '<': case '=': case '>':
3439 case 'A': case 'B': case 'C': case 'D': case 'E':
3440 case 'F': case 'G': case 'H': case 'I': case 'J':
3441 case 'K': case 'L': case 'M': case 'N': case 'O':
3442 case 'P': case 'Q': case 'R': case 'S': case 'T':
3443 case 'U': case 'V': case 'W': case 'X': case 'Y':
3445 case '[': case '\\': case ']': case '^': case '_':
3446 case 'a': case 'b': case 'c': case 'd': case 'e':
3447 case 'f': case 'g': case 'h': case 'i': case 'j':
3448 case 'k': case 'l': case 'm': case 'n': case 'o':
3449 case 'p': case 'q': case 'r': case 's': case 't':
3450 case 'u': case 'v': case 'w': case 'x': case 'y':
3451 case 'z': case '{': case '|': case '}': case '~':
3452 /* These characters are printable ASCII characters. */
3454 displayed_width += 1;
3457 /* If we have a multibyte sequence, copy it until we
3458 reach its end, replacing each non-printable multibyte
3459 character with a single question mark. */
3462 memset (&mbstate, 0, sizeof mbstate);
3469 bytes = mbrtowc (&wc, p, plimit - p, &mbstate);
3471 if (bytes == (size_t) -1)
3473 /* An invalid multibyte sequence was
3474 encountered. Skip one input byte, and
3475 put a question mark. */
3478 displayed_width += 1;
3482 if (bytes == (size_t) -2)
3484 /* An incomplete multibyte character
3485 at the end. Replace it entirely with
3489 displayed_width += 1;
3494 /* A null wide character was encountered. */
3500 /* A printable multibyte character.
3502 for (; bytes > 0; --bytes)
3504 displayed_width += w;
3508 /* An unprintable multibyte character.
3509 Replace it entirely with a question
3513 displayed_width += 1;
3516 while (! mbsinit (&mbstate));
3521 /* The buffer may have shrunk. */
3528 char const *plimit = buf + len;
3532 if (! ISPRINT (to_uchar (*p)))
3536 displayed_width = len;
3539 else if (width != NULL)
3543 displayed_width = mbsnwidth (buf, len, 0);
3547 char const *p = buf;
3548 char const *plimit = buf + len;
3550 displayed_width = 0;
3553 if (ISPRINT (to_uchar (*p)))
3561 fwrite (buf, 1, len, out);
3563 *width = displayed_width;
3568 print_name_with_quoting (const char *p, mode_t mode, int linkok,
3569 struct obstack *stack)
3571 if (print_with_color)
3572 print_color_indicator (p, mode, linkok);
3575 PUSH_CURRENT_DIRED_POS (stack);
3577 dired_pos += quote_name (stdout, p, filename_quoting_options, NULL);
3580 PUSH_CURRENT_DIRED_POS (stack);
3582 if (print_with_color)
3585 prep_non_filename_text ();
3590 prep_non_filename_text (void)
3592 if (color_indicator[C_END].string != NULL)
3593 put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_END]);
3596 put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_LEFT]);
3597 put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_NORM]);
3598 put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_RIGHT]);
3602 /* Print the file name of `f' with appropriate quoting.
3603 Also print file size, inode number, and filetype indicator character,
3604 as requested by switches. */
3607 print_file_name_and_frills (const struct fileinfo *f)
3609 char buf[MAX (LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1, INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t))];
3612 printf ("%*s ", format == with_commas ? 0 : inode_number_width,
3613 umaxtostr (f->stat.st_ino, buf));
3615 if (print_block_size)
3616 printf ("%*s ", format == with_commas ? 0 : block_size_width,
3617 human_readable (ST_NBLOCKS (f->stat), buf, human_output_opts,
3618 ST_NBLOCKSIZE, output_block_size));
3620 print_name_with_quoting (f->name, FILE_OR_LINK_MODE (f), f->linkok, NULL);
3622 if (indicator_style != none)
3623 print_type_indicator (f->stat.st_mode);
3627 print_type_indicator (mode_t mode)
3633 if (indicator_style == classify && (mode & S_IXUGO))
3642 else if (S_ISLNK (mode))
3644 else if (S_ISFIFO (mode))
3646 else if (S_ISSOCK (mode))
3648 else if (S_ISDOOR (mode))
3659 print_color_indicator (const char *name, mode_t mode, int linkok)
3662 struct color_ext_type *ext; /* Color extension */
3663 size_t len; /* Length of name */
3665 /* Is this a nonexistent file? If so, linkok == -1. */
3667 if (linkok == -1 && color_indicator[C_MISSING].string != NULL)
3676 else if (S_ISLNK (mode))
3677 type = ((!linkok && color_indicator[C_ORPHAN].string)
3678 ? C_ORPHAN : C_LINK);
3679 else if (S_ISFIFO (mode))
3681 else if (S_ISSOCK (mode))
3683 else if (S_ISBLK (mode))
3685 else if (S_ISCHR (mode))
3687 else if (S_ISDOOR (mode))
3690 if (type == C_FILE && (mode & S_IXUGO) != 0)
3693 /* Check the file's suffix only if still classified as C_FILE. */
3697 /* Test if NAME has a recognized suffix. */
3699 len = strlen (name);
3700 name += len; /* Pointer to final \0. */
3701 for (ext = color_ext_list; ext != NULL; ext = ext->next)
3703 if (ext->ext.len <= len
3704 && strncmp (name - ext->ext.len, ext->ext.string,
3711 put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_LEFT]);
3712 put_indicator (ext ? &(ext->seq) : &color_indicator[type]);
3713 put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_RIGHT]);
3716 /* Output a color indicator (which may contain nulls). */
3718 put_indicator (const struct bin_str *ind)
3725 for (i = ind->len; i != 0; --i)
3730 length_of_file_name_and_frills (const struct fileinfo *f)
3734 char buf[MAX (LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1, INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t))];
3737 len += 1 + (format == with_commas
3738 ? strlen (umaxtostr (f->stat.st_ino, buf))
3739 : inode_number_width);
3741 if (print_block_size)
3742 len += 1 + (format == with_commas
3743 ? strlen (human_readable (ST_NBLOCKS (f->stat), buf,
3744 human_output_opts, ST_NBLOCKSIZE,
3746 : block_size_width);
3748 quote_name (NULL, f->name, filename_quoting_options, &name_width);
3751 if (indicator_style != none)
3753 mode_t filetype = f->stat.st_mode;
3755 if (S_ISREG (filetype))
3757 if (indicator_style == classify
3758 && (f->stat.st_mode & S_IXUGO))
3761 else if (S_ISDIR (filetype)
3762 || S_ISLNK (filetype)
3763 || S_ISFIFO (filetype)
3764 || S_ISSOCK (filetype)
3765 || S_ISDOOR (filetype)
3774 print_many_per_line (void)
3776 size_t row; /* Current row. */
3777 size_t cols = calculate_columns (true);
3778 struct column_info const *line_fmt = &column_info[cols - 1];
3780 /* Calculate the number of rows that will be in each column except possibly
3781 for a short column on the right. */
3782 size_t rows = files_index / cols + (files_index % cols != 0);
3784 for (row = 0; row < rows; row++)
3787 size_t filesno = row;
3790 /* Print the next row. */
3793 size_t name_length = length_of_file_name_and_frills (files + filesno);
3794 size_t max_name_length = line_fmt->col_arr[col++];
3795 print_file_name_and_frills (files + filesno);
3798 if (filesno >= files_index)
3801 indent (pos + name_length, pos + max_name_length);
3802 pos += max_name_length;
3809 print_horizontal (void)
3813 size_t cols = calculate_columns (false);
3814 struct column_info const *line_fmt = &column_info[cols - 1];
3815 size_t name_length = length_of_file_name_and_frills (files);
3816 size_t max_name_length = line_fmt->col_arr[0];
3818 /* Print first entry. */
3819 print_file_name_and_frills (files);
3822 for (filesno = 1; filesno < files_index; ++filesno)
3824 size_t col = filesno % cols;
3833 indent (pos + name_length, pos + max_name_length);
3834 pos += max_name_length;
3837 print_file_name_and_frills (files + filesno);
3839 name_length = length_of_file_name_and_frills (files + filesno);
3840 max_name_length = line_fmt->col_arr[col];
3846 print_with_commas (void)
3851 for (filesno = 0; filesno < files_index; filesno++)
3853 size_t len = length_of_file_name_and_frills (files + filesno);
3859 if (pos + len + 2 < line_length)
3871 putchar (separator);
3874 print_file_name_and_frills (files + filesno);
3880 /* Assuming cursor is at position FROM, indent up to position TO.
3881 Use a TAB character instead of two or more spaces whenever possible. */
3884 indent (size_t from, size_t to)
3888 if (tabsize != 0 && to / tabsize > (from + 1) / tabsize)
3891 from += tabsize - from % tabsize;
3901 /* Put DIRNAME/NAME into DEST, handling `.' and `/' properly. */
3902 /* FIXME: maybe remove this function someday. See about using a
3903 non-malloc'ing version of path_concat. */
3906 attach (char *dest, const char *dirname, const char *name)
3908 const char *dirnamep = dirname;
3910 /* Copy dirname if it is not ".". */
3911 if (dirname[0] != '.' || dirname[1] != 0)
3914 *dest++ = *dirnamep++;
3915 /* Add '/' if `dirname' doesn't already end with it. */
3916 if (dirnamep > dirname && dirnamep[-1] != '/')
3924 /* Allocate enough column info suitable for the current number of
3925 files and display columns, and initialize the info to represent the
3926 narrowest possible columns. */
3929 init_column_info (void)
3932 size_t max_cols = MIN (max_idx, files_index);
3934 /* Currently allocated columns in column_info. */
3935 static size_t column_info_alloc;
3937 if (column_info_alloc < max_cols)
3939 size_t new_column_info_alloc;
3942 if (max_cols < max_idx / 2)
3944 /* The number of columns is far less than the display width
3945 allows. Grow the allocation, but only so that it's
3946 double the current requirements. If the display is
3947 extremely wide, this avoids allocating a lot of memory
3948 that is never needed. */
3949 column_info = xnrealloc (column_info, max_cols,
3950 2 * sizeof *column_info);
3951 new_column_info_alloc = 2 * max_cols;
3955 column_info = xnrealloc (column_info, max_idx, sizeof *column_info);
3956 new_column_info_alloc = max_idx;
3959 /* Allocate the new size_t objects by computing the triangle
3960 formula n * (n + 1) / 2, except that we don't need to
3961 allocate the part of the triangle that we've already
3962 allocated. Check for address arithmetic overflow. */
3964 size_t column_info_growth = new_column_info_alloc - column_info_alloc;
3965 size_t s = column_info_alloc + 1 + new_column_info_alloc;
3966 size_t t = s * column_info_growth;
3967 if (s < new_column_info_alloc || t / column_info_growth != s)
3969 p = xnmalloc (t / 2, sizeof *p);
3972 /* Grow the triangle by parceling out the cells just allocated. */
3973 for (i = column_info_alloc; i < new_column_info_alloc; i++)
3975 column_info[i].col_arr = p;
3979 column_info_alloc = new_column_info_alloc;
3982 for (i = 0; i < max_cols; ++i)
3986 column_info[i].valid_len = true;
3987 column_info[i].line_len = (i + 1) * MIN_COLUMN_WIDTH;
3988 for (j = 0; j <= i; ++j)
3989 column_info[i].col_arr[j] = MIN_COLUMN_WIDTH;
3993 /* Calculate the number of columns needed to represent the current set
3994 of files in the current display width. */
3997 calculate_columns (bool by_columns)
3999 size_t filesno; /* Index into files. */
4000 size_t cols; /* Number of files across. */
4002 /* Normally the maximum number of columns is determined by the
4003 screen width. But if few files are available this might limit it
4005 size_t max_cols = MIN (max_idx, files_index);
4007 init_column_info ();
4009 /* Compute the maximum number of possible columns. */
4010 for (filesno = 0; filesno < files_index; ++filesno)
4012 size_t name_length = length_of_file_name_and_frills (files + filesno);
4015 for (i = 0; i < max_cols; ++i)
4017 if (column_info[i].valid_len)
4019 size_t idx = (by_columns
4020 ? filesno / ((files_index + i) / (i + 1))
4021 : filesno % (i + 1));
4022 size_t real_length = name_length + (idx == i ? 0 : 2);
4024 if (column_info[i].col_arr[idx] < real_length)
4026 column_info[i].line_len += (real_length
4027 - column_info[i].col_arr[idx]);
4028 column_info[i].col_arr[idx] = real_length;
4029 column_info[i].valid_len = (column_info[i].line_len
4036 /* Find maximum allowed columns. */
4037 for (cols = max_cols; 1 < cols; --cols)
4039 if (column_info[cols - 1].valid_len)
4049 if (status != EXIT_SUCCESS)
4050 fprintf (stderr, _("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n"),
4054 printf (_("Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...\n"), program_name);
4056 List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).\n\
4057 Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuSUX nor --sort.\n\
4061 Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.\n\
4064 -a, --all do not ignore entries starting with .\n\
4065 -A, --almost-all do not list implied . and ..\n\
4066 --author with -l, print the author of each file\n\
4067 -b, --escape print octal escapes for nongraphic characters\n\
4070 --block-size=SIZE use SIZE-byte blocks\n\
4071 -B, --ignore-backups do not list implied entries ending with ~\n\
4072 -c with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last\n\
4073 modification of file status information)\n\
4074 with -l: show ctime and sort by name\n\
4075 otherwise: sort by ctime\n\
4078 -C list entries by columns\n\
4079 --color[=WHEN] control whether color is used to distinguish file\n\
4080 types. WHEN may be `never', `always', or `auto'\n\
4081 -d, --directory list directory entries instead of contents,\n\
4082 and do not dereference symbolic links\n\
4083 -D, --dired generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode\n\
4086 -f do not sort, enable -aU, disable -lst\n\
4087 -F, --classify append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries\n\
4088 --format=WORD across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,\n\
4089 single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C\n\
4090 --full-time like -l --time-style=full-iso\n\
4093 -g like -l, but do not list owner\n\
4094 -G, --no-group like -l, but do not list group\n\
4095 -h, --human-readable with -l, print sizes in human readable format\n\
4096 (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)\n\
4097 --si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024\n\
4098 -H, --dereference-command-line\n\
4099 follow symbolic links listed on the command line\n\
4100 --dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir\n\
4101 follow each command line symbolic link\n\
4102 that points to a directory\n\
4103 --hide=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN\n\
4104 (overridden by -a or -A)\n\
4107 --indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names:\n\
4108 none (default), classify (-F), file-type (-p)\n\
4109 -i, --inode with -l, print the index number of each file\n\
4110 -I, --ignore=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN\n\
4111 -k like --block-size=1K\n\
4114 -l use a long listing format\n\
4115 -L, --dereference when showing file information for a symbolic\n\
4116 link, show information for the file the link\n\
4117 references rather than for the link itself\n\
4118 -m fill width with a comma separated list of entries\n\
4121 -n, --numeric-uid-gid like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs\n\
4122 -N, --literal print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control\n\
4123 characters specially)\n\
4124 -o like -l, but do not list group information\n\
4125 -p, --file-type append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries\n\
4128 -q, --hide-control-chars print ? instead of non graphic characters\n\
4129 --show-control-chars show non graphic characters as-is (default\n\
4130 unless program is `ls' and output is a terminal)\n\
4131 -Q, --quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes\n\
4132 --quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names:\n\
4133 literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape\n\
4136 -r, --reverse reverse order while sorting\n\
4137 -R, --recursive list subdirectories recursively\n\
4138 -s, --size with -l, print size of each file, in blocks\n\
4141 -S sort by file size\n\
4142 --sort=WORD extension -X, none -U, size -S, time -t,\n\
4143 version -v, status -c, time -t, atime -u,\n\
4144 access -u, use -u\n\
4145 --time=WORD with -l, show time as WORD instead of modification\n\
4146 time: atime, access, use, ctime or status; use\n\
4147 specified time as sort key if --sort=time\n\
4150 --time-style=STYLE with -l, show times using style STYLE:\n\
4151 full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, +FORMAT.\n\
4152 FORMAT is interpreted like `date'; if FORMAT is\n\
4153 FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2, FORMAT1 applies to\n\
4154 non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files;\n\
4155 if STYLE is prefixed with `posix-', STYLE\n\
4156 takes effect only outside the POSIX locale\n\
4157 -t sort by modification time\n\
4158 -T, --tabsize=COLS assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8\n\
4161 -u with -lt: sort by, and show, access time\n\
4162 with -l: show access time and sort by name\n\
4163 otherwise: sort by access time\n\
4164 -U do not sort; list entries in directory order\n\
4165 -v sort by version\n\
4168 -w, --width=COLS assume screen width instead of current value\n\
4169 -x list entries by lines instead of by columns\n\
4170 -X sort alphabetically by entry extension\n\
4171 -1 list one file per line\n\
4173 fputs (HELP_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
4174 fputs (VERSION_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
4176 SIZE may be (or may be an integer optionally followed by) one of following:\n\
4177 kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y.\n\
4181 By default, color is not used to distinguish types of files. That is\n\
4182 equivalent to using --color=none. Using the --color option without the\n\
4183 optional WHEN argument is equivalent to using --color=always. With\n\
4184 --color=auto, color codes are output only if standard output is connected\n\
4185 to a terminal (tty). The environment variable LS_COLORS can influence the\n\
4186 colors, and can be set easily by the dircolors command.\n\
4190 Exit status is 0 if OK, 1 if minor problems, 2 if serious trouble.\n\
4192 printf (_("\nReport bugs to <%s>.\n"), PACKAGE_BUGREPORT);