1 /* `dir', `vdir' and `ls' directory listing programs for GNU.
2 Copyright (C) 85, 88, 90, 91, 1995-2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
9 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
12 GNU General Public License for more details.
14 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
16 Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */
18 /* If ls_mode is LS_MULTI_COL,
19 the multi-column format is the default regardless
20 of the type of output device.
21 This is for the `dir' program.
23 If ls_mode is LS_LONG_FORMAT,
24 the long format is the default regardless of the
25 type of output device.
26 This is for the `vdir' program.
29 the output format depends on whether the output
31 This is for the `ls' program. */
33 /* Written by Richard Stallman and David MacKenzie. */
35 /* Color support by Peter Anvin <Peter.Anvin@linux.org> and Dennis
36 Flaherty <dennisf@denix.elk.miles.com> based on original patches by
37 Greg Lee <lee@uhunix.uhcc.hawaii.edu>. */
40 #include <sys/types.h>
46 #ifdef GWINSZ_IN_SYS_IOCTL
47 # include <sys/ioctl.h>
50 #ifdef WINSIZE_IN_PTEM
51 # include <sys/stream.h>
52 # include <sys/ptem.h>
63 /* Use SA_NOCLDSTOP as a proxy for whether the sigaction machinery is
66 # define SA_NOCLDSTOP 0
67 # define sigprocmask(How, Set, Oset) /* empty */
69 # if ! HAVE_SIGINTERRUPT
70 # define siginterrupt(sig, flag) /* empty */
74 /* Get mbstate_t, mbrtowc(), mbsinit(), wcwidth(). */
83 #if !defined iswprint && !HAVE_ISWPRINT
84 # define iswprint(wc) 1
87 #ifndef HAVE_DECL_WCWIDTH
88 "this configure-time declaration test was not run"
90 #if !HAVE_DECL_WCWIDTH
94 /* If wcwidth() doesn't exist, assume all printable characters have
98 # define wcwidth(wc) ((wc) == 0 ? 0 : iswprint (wc) ? 1 : -1)
106 #include "argmatch.h"
111 #include "hard-locale.h"
114 #include "filemode.h"
115 #include "inttostr.h"
117 #include "mbswidth.h"
119 #include "path-concat.h"
121 #include "quotearg.h"
123 #include "strftime.h"
124 #include "strverscmp.h"
126 #include "xreadlink.h"
128 #define PROGRAM_NAME (ls_mode == LS_LS ? "ls" \
129 : (ls_mode == LS_MULTI_COL \
132 #define AUTHORS "Richard Stallman", "David MacKenzie"
134 #define obstack_chunk_alloc malloc
135 #define obstack_chunk_free free
137 /* Return an int indicating the result of comparing two integers.
138 Subtracting doesn't always work, due to overflow. */
139 #define longdiff(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? -1 : (a) > (b))
141 /* Arrange to make lstat calls go through the wrapper function
142 on systems with an lstat function that does not dereference symlinks
143 that are specified with a trailing slash. */
144 #if ! LSTAT_FOLLOWS_SLASHED_SYMLINK
145 int rpl_lstat (const char *, struct stat *);
147 # define lstat(Name, Stat_buf) rpl_lstat(Name, Stat_buf)
150 #if HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_TYPE && defined DTTOIF
151 # define DT_INIT(Val) = Val
153 # define DT_INIT(Val) /* empty */
156 #if ! HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_AUTHOR
157 # define st_author st_uid
160 /* Cray/Unicos DMF: use the file's migrated, not real, status */
162 # define ST_DM_MODE(Stat_buf) ((Stat_buf).st_dm_mode)
164 # define ST_DM_MODE(Stat_buf) ((Stat_buf).st_mode)
169 unknown DT_INIT (DT_UNKNOWN),
170 fifo DT_INIT (DT_FIFO),
171 chardev DT_INIT (DT_CHR),
172 directory DT_INIT (DT_DIR),
173 blockdev DT_INIT (DT_BLK),
174 normal DT_INIT (DT_REG),
175 symbolic_link DT_INIT (DT_LNK),
176 sock DT_INIT (DT_SOCK),
177 arg_directory DT_INIT (2 * (DT_UNKNOWN | DT_FIFO | DT_CHR | DT_DIR | DT_BLK
178 | DT_REG | DT_LNK | DT_SOCK))
188 /* For symbolic link, name of the file linked to, otherwise zero. */
191 /* For symbolic link and long listing, st_mode of file linked to, otherwise
195 /* For symbolic link and color printing, true if linked-to file
196 exists, otherwise false. */
199 enum filetype filetype;
202 /* For long listings, true if the file has an access control list. */
208 # define FILE_HAS_ACL(F) ((F)->have_acl)
210 # define FILE_HAS_ACL(F) 0
213 #define LEN_STR_PAIR(s) sizeof (s) - 1, s
215 /* Null is a valid character in a color indicator (think about Epson
216 printers, for example) so we have to use a length/buffer string
221 size_t len; /* Number of bytes */
222 const char *string; /* Pointer to the same */
229 # define tcgetpgrp(Fd) 0
232 static size_t quote_name (FILE *out, const char *name,
233 struct quoting_options const *options,
235 static char *make_link_path (const char *path, const char *linkname);
236 static int decode_switches (int argc, char **argv);
237 static bool file_ignored (char const *name);
238 static uintmax_t gobble_file (char const *name, enum filetype type,
239 bool command_line_arg, char const *dirname);
240 static void print_color_indicator (const char *name, mode_t mode, int linkok);
241 static void put_indicator (const struct bin_str *ind);
242 static void add_ignore_pattern (const char *pattern);
243 static void attach (char *dest, const char *dirname, const char *name);
244 static void clear_files (void);
245 static void extract_dirs_from_files (char const *dirname,
246 bool command_line_arg);
247 static void get_link_name (char const *filename, struct fileinfo *f,
248 bool command_line_arg);
249 static void indent (size_t from, size_t to);
250 static size_t calculate_columns (bool by_columns);
251 static void print_current_files (void);
252 static void print_dir (char const *name, char const *realname,
253 bool command_line_arg);
254 static void print_file_name_and_frills (const struct fileinfo *f);
255 static void print_horizontal (void);
256 static int format_user_width (uid_t u);
257 static int format_group_width (gid_t g);
258 static void print_long_format (const struct fileinfo *f);
259 static void print_many_per_line (void);
260 static void print_name_with_quoting (const char *p, mode_t mode,
262 struct obstack *stack);
263 static void prep_non_filename_text (void);
264 static void print_type_indicator (mode_t mode);
265 static void print_with_commas (void);
266 static void queue_directory (char const *name, char const *realname,
267 bool command_line_arg);
268 static void sort_files (void);
269 static void parse_ls_color (void);
270 void usage (int status);
272 /* The name the program was run with, stripped of any leading path. */
275 /* Initial size of hash table.
276 Most hierarchies are likely to be shallower than this. */
277 #define INITIAL_TABLE_SIZE 30
279 /* The set of `active' directories, from the current command-line argument
280 to the level in the hierarchy at which files are being listed.
281 A directory is represented by its device and inode numbers (struct dev_ino).
282 A directory is added to this set when ls begins listing it or its
283 entries, and it is removed from the set just after ls has finished
284 processing it. This set is used solely to detect loops, e.g., with
285 mkdir loop; cd loop; ln -s ../loop sub; ls -RL */
286 static Hash_table *active_dir_set;
288 #define LOOP_DETECT (!!active_dir_set)
290 /* The table of files in the current directory:
292 `files' points to a vector of `struct fileinfo', one per file.
293 `nfiles' is the number of elements space has been allocated for.
294 `files_index' is the number actually in use. */
296 /* Address of block containing the files that are described. */
297 static struct fileinfo *files; /* FIXME: rename this to e.g. cwd_file */
299 /* Length of block that `files' points to, measured in files. */
300 static size_t nfiles; /* FIXME: rename this to e.g. cwd_n_alloc */
302 /* Index of first unused in `files'. */
303 static size_t files_index; /* FIXME: rename this to e.g. cwd_n_used */
305 /* When true, in a color listing, color each symlink name according to the
306 type of file it points to. Otherwise, color them according to the `ln'
307 directive in LS_COLORS. Dangling (orphan) symlinks are treated specially,
308 regardless. This is set when `ln=target' appears in LS_COLORS. */
310 static bool color_symlink_as_referent;
312 /* mode of appropriate file for colorization */
313 #define FILE_OR_LINK_MODE(File) \
314 ((color_symlink_as_referent & (File)->linkok) \
315 ? (File)->linkmode : (File)->stat.st_mode)
318 /* Record of one pending directory waiting to be listed. */
323 /* If the directory is actually the file pointed to by a symbolic link we
324 were told to list, `realname' will contain the name of the symbolic
325 link, otherwise zero. */
327 bool command_line_arg;
328 struct pending *next;
331 static struct pending *pending_dirs;
333 /* Current time in seconds and nanoseconds since 1970, updated as
334 needed when deciding whether a file is recent. */
336 static time_t current_time = TYPE_MINIMUM (time_t);
337 static int current_time_ns = -1;
339 /* The number of columns to use for columns containing inode numbers,
340 block sizes, link counts, owners, groups, authors, major device
341 numbers, minor device numbers, and file sizes, respectively. */
343 static int inode_number_width;
344 static int block_size_width;
345 static int nlink_width;
346 static int owner_width;
347 static int group_width;
348 static int author_width;
349 static int major_device_number_width;
350 static int minor_device_number_width;
351 static int file_size_width;
355 /* long_format for lots of info, one per line.
356 one_per_line for just names, one per line.
357 many_per_line for just names, many per line, sorted vertically.
358 horizontal for just names, many per line, sorted horizontally.
359 with_commas for just names, many per line, separated by commas.
361 -l (and other options that imply -l), -1, -C, -x and -m control
366 long_format, /* -l and other options that imply -l */
367 one_per_line, /* -1 */
368 many_per_line, /* -C */
373 static enum format format;
375 /* `full-iso' uses full ISO-style dates and times. `long-iso' uses longer
376 ISO-style time stamps, though shorter than `full-iso'. `iso' uses shorter
377 ISO-style time stamps. `locale' uses locale-dependent time stamps. */
380 full_iso_time_style, /* --time-style=full-iso */
381 long_iso_time_style, /* --time-style=long-iso */
382 iso_time_style, /* --time-style=iso */
383 locale_time_style /* --time-style=locale */
386 static char const *const time_style_args[] =
388 "full-iso", "long-iso", "iso", "locale", NULL
391 static enum time_style const time_style_types[] =
393 full_iso_time_style, long_iso_time_style, iso_time_style,
397 /* Type of time to print or sort by. Controlled by -c and -u. */
401 time_mtime, /* default */
406 static enum time_type time_type;
408 /* The file characteristic to sort by. Controlled by -t, -S, -U, -X, -v. */
413 sort_name, /* default */
414 sort_extension, /* -X */
417 sort_version /* -v */
420 static enum sort_type sort_type;
422 /* Direction of sort.
423 false means highest first if numeric,
424 lowest first if alphabetic;
425 these are the defaults.
426 true means the opposite order in each case. -r */
428 static bool sort_reverse;
430 /* True means to display owner information. -g turns this off. */
432 static bool print_owner = true;
434 /* True means to display author information. */
436 static bool print_author;
438 /* True means to display group information. -G and -o turn this off. */
440 static bool print_group = true;
442 /* True means print the user and group id's as numbers rather
445 static bool numeric_ids;
447 /* True means mention the size in blocks of each file. -s */
449 static bool print_block_size;
451 /* Human-readable options for output. */
452 static int human_output_opts;
454 /* The units to use when printing sizes other than file sizes. */
455 static uintmax_t output_block_size;
457 /* Likewise, but for file sizes. */
458 static uintmax_t file_output_block_size = 1;
460 /* Follow the output with a special string. Using this format,
461 Emacs' dired mode starts up twice as fast, and can handle all
462 strange characters in file names. */
465 /* `none' means don't mention the type of files.
466 `directory' means mention directories.
467 `file_type' means mention file types.
468 `classify' means mention file types and mark executables.
470 Controlled by -F, -p, and --indicator-style. */
474 none, /* --indicator-style=none */
475 directory_only, /* -p, --indicator-style=directory */
476 file_type, /* --indicator-style=file-type */
477 classify /* -F, --indicator-style=classify */
480 static enum indicator_style indicator_style;
482 /* Names of indicator styles. */
483 static char const *const indicator_style_args[] =
485 "none", "directory", "file-type", "classify", NULL
488 static enum indicator_style const indicator_style_types[] =
490 none, directory_only, file_type, classify
493 /* True means use colors to mark types. Also define the different
494 colors as well as the stuff for the LS_COLORS environment variable.
495 The LS_COLORS variable is now in a termcap-like format. */
497 static bool print_with_color;
501 color_never, /* 0: default or --color=never */
502 color_always, /* 1: --color=always */
503 color_if_tty /* 2: --color=tty */
506 enum Dereference_symlink
510 DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_ARGUMENTS, /* -H */
511 DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_SYMLINK_TO_DIR, /* the default, in certain cases */
512 DEREF_ALWAYS /* -L */
517 C_LEFT, C_RIGHT, C_END, C_NORM, C_FILE, C_DIR, C_LINK, C_FIFO, C_SOCK,
518 C_BLK, C_CHR, C_MISSING, C_ORPHAN, C_EXEC, C_DOOR
521 static const char *const indicator_name[]=
523 "lc", "rc", "ec", "no", "fi", "di", "ln", "pi", "so",
524 "bd", "cd", "mi", "or", "ex", "do", NULL
527 struct color_ext_type
529 struct bin_str ext; /* The extension we're looking for */
530 struct bin_str seq; /* The sequence to output when we do */
531 struct color_ext_type *next; /* Next in list */
534 static struct bin_str color_indicator[] =
536 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("\033[") }, /* lc: Left of color sequence */
537 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("m") }, /* rc: Right of color sequence */
538 { 0, NULL }, /* ec: End color (replaces lc+no+rc) */
539 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("0") }, /* no: Normal */
540 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("0") }, /* fi: File: default */
541 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("01;34") }, /* di: Directory: bright blue */
542 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("01;36") }, /* ln: Symlink: bright cyan */
543 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("33") }, /* pi: Pipe: yellow/brown */
544 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("01;35") }, /* so: Socket: bright magenta */
545 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("01;33") }, /* bd: Block device: bright yellow */
546 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("01;33") }, /* cd: Char device: bright yellow */
547 { 0, NULL }, /* mi: Missing file: undefined */
548 { 0, NULL }, /* or: Orphaned symlink: undefined */
549 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("01;32") }, /* ex: Executable: bright green */
550 { LEN_STR_PAIR ("01;35") } /* do: Door: bright magenta */
554 static struct color_ext_type *color_ext_list = NULL;
556 /* Buffer for color sequences */
557 static char *color_buf;
559 /* True means to check for orphaned symbolic link, for displaying
562 static bool check_symlink_color;
564 /* True means mention the inode number of each file. -i */
566 static bool print_inode;
568 /* What to do with symbolic links. Affected by -d, -F, -H, -l (and
569 other options that imply -l), and -L. */
571 static enum Dereference_symlink dereference;
573 /* True means when a directory is found, display info on its
576 static bool recursive;
578 /* True means when an argument is a directory name, display info
581 static bool immediate_dirs;
583 /* Which files to ignore. */
587 /* Ignore files whose names start with `.', and files specified by
588 --hide and --ignore. */
591 /* Ignore `.', `..', and files specified by --ignore. */
592 IGNORE_DOT_AND_DOTDOT,
594 /* Ignore only files specified by --ignore. */
598 /* A linked list of shell-style globbing patterns. If a non-argument
599 file name matches any of these patterns, it is ignored.
600 Controlled by -I. Multiple -I options accumulate.
601 The -B option adds `*~' and `.*~' to this list. */
603 struct ignore_pattern
606 struct ignore_pattern *next;
609 static struct ignore_pattern *ignore_patterns;
611 /* Similar to IGNORE_PATTERNS, except that -a or -A causes this
612 variable itself to be ignored. */
613 static struct ignore_pattern *hide_patterns;
615 /* True means output nongraphic chars in file names as `?'.
616 (-q, --hide-control-chars)
617 qmark_funny_chars and the quoting style (-Q, --quoting-style=WORD) are
618 independent. The algorithm is: first, obey the quoting style to get a
619 string representing the file name; then, if qmark_funny_chars is set,
620 replace all nonprintable chars in that string with `?'. It's necessary
621 to replace nonprintable chars even in quoted strings, because we don't
622 want to mess up the terminal if control chars get sent to it, and some
623 quoting methods pass through control chars as-is. */
624 static bool qmark_funny_chars;
626 /* Quoting options for file and dir name output. */
628 static struct quoting_options *filename_quoting_options;
629 static struct quoting_options *dirname_quoting_options;
631 /* The number of chars per hardware tab stop. Setting this to zero
632 inhibits the use of TAB characters for separating columns. -T */
633 static size_t tabsize;
635 /* True means print each directory name before listing it. */
637 static bool print_dir_name;
639 /* The line length to use for breaking lines in many-per-line format.
640 Can be set with -w. */
642 static size_t line_length;
644 /* If true, the file listing format requires that stat be called on
647 static bool format_needs_stat;
649 /* Similar to `format_needs_stat', but set if only the file type is
652 static bool format_needs_type;
654 /* An arbitrary limit on the number of bytes in a printed time stamp.
655 This is set to a relatively small value to avoid the need to worry
656 about denial-of-service attacks on servers that run "ls" on behalf
657 of remote clients. 1000 bytes should be enough for any practical
658 time stamp format. */
660 enum { TIME_STAMP_LEN_MAXIMUM = MAX (1000, INT_STRLEN_BOUND (time_t)) };
662 /* strftime formats for non-recent and recent files, respectively, in
665 static char const *long_time_format[2] =
667 /* strftime format for non-recent files (older than 6 months), in
668 -l output when --time-style=locale is specified. This should
669 contain the year, month and day (at least), in an order that is
670 understood by people in your locale's territory.
671 Please try to keep the number of used screen columns small,
672 because many people work in windows with only 80 columns. But
673 make this as wide as the other string below, for recent files. */
675 /* strftime format for recent files (younger than 6 months), in
676 -l output when --time-style=locale is specified. This should
677 contain the month, day and time (at least), in an order that is
678 understood by people in your locale's territory.
679 Please try to keep the number of used screen columns small,
680 because many people work in windows with only 80 columns. But
681 make this as wide as the other string above, for non-recent files. */
685 /* The set of signals that are caught. */
687 static sigset_t caught_signals;
689 /* If nonzero, the value of the pending fatal signal. */
691 static sig_atomic_t volatile interrupt_signal;
693 /* A count of the number of pending stop signals that have been received. */
695 static sig_atomic_t volatile stop_signal_count;
697 /* Desired exit status. */
699 static int exit_status;
704 /* "ls" had a minor problem (e.g., it could not stat a directory
706 LS_MINOR_PROBLEM = 1,
708 /* "ls" had more serious trouble. */
712 /* For long options that have no equivalent short option, use a
713 non-character as a pseudo short option, starting with CHAR_MAX + 1. */
716 AUTHOR_OPTION = CHAR_MAX + 1,
719 DEREFERENCE_COMMAND_LINE_SYMLINK_TO_DIR_OPTION,
723 INDICATOR_STYLE_OPTION,
724 QUOTING_STYLE_OPTION,
725 SHOW_CONTROL_CHARS_OPTION,
732 static struct option const long_options[] =
734 {"all", no_argument, NULL, 'a'},
735 {"escape", no_argument, NULL, 'b'},
736 {"directory", no_argument, NULL, 'd'},
737 {"dired", no_argument, NULL, 'D'},
738 {"full-time", no_argument, NULL, FULL_TIME_OPTION},
739 {"human-readable", no_argument, NULL, 'h'},
740 {"inode", no_argument, NULL, 'i'},
741 {"kilobytes", no_argument, NULL, 'k'}, /* long form is obsolescent */
742 {"numeric-uid-gid", no_argument, NULL, 'n'},
743 {"no-group", no_argument, NULL, 'G'},
744 {"hide-control-chars", no_argument, NULL, 'q'},
745 {"reverse", no_argument, NULL, 'r'},
746 {"size", no_argument, NULL, 's'},
747 {"width", required_argument, NULL, 'w'},
748 {"almost-all", no_argument, NULL, 'A'},
749 {"ignore-backups", no_argument, NULL, 'B'},
750 {"classify", no_argument, NULL, 'F'},
751 {"file-type", no_argument, NULL, 'p'},
752 {"si", no_argument, NULL, SI_OPTION},
753 {"dereference-command-line", no_argument, NULL, 'H'},
754 {"dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir", no_argument, NULL,
755 DEREFERENCE_COMMAND_LINE_SYMLINK_TO_DIR_OPTION},
756 {"hide", required_argument, NULL, HIDE_OPTION},
757 {"ignore", required_argument, NULL, 'I'},
758 {"indicator-style", required_argument, NULL, INDICATOR_STYLE_OPTION},
759 {"dereference", no_argument, NULL, 'L'},
760 {"literal", no_argument, NULL, 'N'},
761 {"quote-name", no_argument, NULL, 'Q'},
762 {"quoting-style", required_argument, NULL, QUOTING_STYLE_OPTION},
763 {"recursive", no_argument, NULL, 'R'},
764 {"format", required_argument, NULL, FORMAT_OPTION},
765 {"show-control-chars", no_argument, NULL, SHOW_CONTROL_CHARS_OPTION},
766 {"sort", required_argument, NULL, SORT_OPTION},
767 {"tabsize", required_argument, NULL, 'T'},
768 {"time", required_argument, NULL, TIME_OPTION},
769 {"time-style", required_argument, NULL, TIME_STYLE_OPTION},
770 {"color", optional_argument, NULL, COLOR_OPTION},
771 {"block-size", required_argument, NULL, BLOCK_SIZE_OPTION},
772 {"author", no_argument, NULL, AUTHOR_OPTION},
773 {GETOPT_HELP_OPTION_DECL},
774 {GETOPT_VERSION_OPTION_DECL},
778 static char const *const format_args[] =
780 "verbose", "long", "commas", "horizontal", "across",
781 "vertical", "single-column", NULL
784 static enum format const format_types[] =
786 long_format, long_format, with_commas, horizontal, horizontal,
787 many_per_line, one_per_line
790 static char const *const sort_args[] =
792 "none", "time", "size", "extension", "version", NULL
795 static enum sort_type const sort_types[] =
797 sort_none, sort_time, sort_size, sort_extension, sort_version
800 static char const *const time_args[] =
802 "atime", "access", "use", "ctime", "status", NULL
805 static enum time_type const time_types[] =
807 time_atime, time_atime, time_atime, time_ctime, time_ctime
810 static char const *const color_args[] =
812 /* force and none are for compatibility with another color-ls version */
813 "always", "yes", "force",
814 "never", "no", "none",
815 "auto", "tty", "if-tty", NULL
818 static enum color_type const color_types[] =
820 color_always, color_always, color_always,
821 color_never, color_never, color_never,
822 color_if_tty, color_if_tty, color_if_tty
825 /* Information about filling a column. */
833 /* Array with information about column filledness. */
834 static struct column_info *column_info;
836 /* Maximum number of columns ever possible for this display. */
837 static size_t max_idx;
839 /* The minimum width of a column is 3: 1 character for the name and 2
840 for the separating white space. */
841 #define MIN_COLUMN_WIDTH 3
844 /* This zero-based index is used solely with the --dired option.
845 When that option is in effect, this counter is incremented for each
846 byte of output generated by this program so that the beginning
847 and ending indices (in that output) of every file name can be recorded
848 and later output themselves. */
849 static size_t dired_pos;
851 #define DIRED_PUTCHAR(c) do {putchar ((c)); ++dired_pos;} while (0)
853 /* Write S to STREAM and increment DIRED_POS by S_LEN. */
854 #define DIRED_FPUTS(s, stream, s_len) \
855 do {fputs ((s), (stream)); dired_pos += s_len;} while (0)
857 /* Like DIRED_FPUTS, but for use when S is a literal string. */
858 #define DIRED_FPUTS_LITERAL(s, stream) \
859 do {fputs ((s), (stream)); dired_pos += sizeof((s)) - 1;} while (0)
861 #define DIRED_INDENT() \
865 DIRED_FPUTS_LITERAL (" ", stdout); \
869 /* With --dired, store pairs of beginning and ending indices of filenames. */
870 static struct obstack dired_obstack;
872 /* With --dired, store pairs of beginning and ending indices of any
873 directory names that appear as headers (just before `total' line)
874 for lists of directory entries. Such directory names are seen when
875 listing hierarchies using -R and when a directory is listed with at
876 least one other command line argument. */
877 static struct obstack subdired_obstack;
879 /* Save the current index on the specified obstack, OBS. */
880 #define PUSH_CURRENT_DIRED_POS(obs) \
884 obstack_grow ((obs), &dired_pos, sizeof (dired_pos)); \
888 /* With -R, this stack is used to help detect directory cycles.
889 The device/inode pairs on this stack mirror the pairs in the
890 active_dir_set hash table. */
891 static struct obstack dev_ino_obstack;
893 /* Push a pair onto the device/inode stack. */
894 #define DEV_INO_PUSH(Dev, Ino) \
897 struct dev_ino *di; \
898 obstack_blank (&dev_ino_obstack, sizeof (struct dev_ino)); \
899 di = -1 + (struct dev_ino *) obstack_next_free (&dev_ino_obstack); \
900 di->st_dev = (Dev); \
901 di->st_ino = (Ino); \
905 /* Pop a dev/ino struct off the global dev_ino_obstack
906 and return that struct. */
907 static struct dev_ino
910 assert (sizeof (struct dev_ino) <= obstack_object_size (&dev_ino_obstack));
911 obstack_blank (&dev_ino_obstack, -(int) (sizeof (struct dev_ino)));
912 return *(struct dev_ino*) obstack_next_free (&dev_ino_obstack);
915 #define ASSERT_MATCHING_DEV_INO(Name, Di) \
920 assert (0 <= stat (Name, &sb)); \
921 assert (sb.st_dev == Di.st_dev); \
922 assert (sb.st_ino == Di.st_ino); \
927 /* Write to standard output PREFIX, followed by the quoting style and
928 a space-separated list of the integers stored in OS all on one line. */
931 dired_dump_obstack (const char *prefix, struct obstack *os)
935 n_pos = obstack_object_size (os) / sizeof (dired_pos);
941 pos = (size_t *) obstack_finish (os);
942 fputs (prefix, stdout);
943 for (i = 0; i < n_pos; i++)
944 printf (" %lu", (unsigned long int) pos[i]);
950 dev_ino_hash (void const *x, size_t table_size)
952 struct dev_ino const *p = x;
953 return (uintmax_t) p->st_ino % table_size;
957 dev_ino_compare (void const *x, void const *y)
959 struct dev_ino const *a = x;
960 struct dev_ino const *b = y;
961 return SAME_INODE (*a, *b) ? true : false;
965 dev_ino_free (void *x)
970 /* Add the device/inode pair (P->st_dev/P->st_ino) to the set of
971 active directories. Return true if there is already a matching
972 entry in the table. */
975 visit_dir (dev_t dev, ino_t ino)
978 struct dev_ino *ent_from_table;
981 ent = xmalloc (sizeof *ent);
985 /* Attempt to insert this entry into the table. */
986 ent_from_table = hash_insert (active_dir_set, ent);
988 if (ent_from_table == NULL)
990 /* Insertion failed due to lack of memory. */
994 found_match = (ent_from_table != ent);
998 /* ent was not inserted, so free it. */
1006 free_pending_ent (struct pending *p)
1016 is_colored (enum indicator_no type)
1018 size_t len = color_indicator[type].len;
1019 char const *s = color_indicator[type].string;
1021 || (len == 1 && strncmp (s, "0", 1) == 0)
1022 || (len == 2 && strncmp (s, "00", 2) == 0));
1026 restore_default_color (void)
1028 put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_LEFT]);
1029 put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_RIGHT]);
1032 /* An ordinary signal was received; arrange for the program to exit. */
1035 sighandler (int sig)
1038 signal (sig, SIG_IGN);
1039 if (! interrupt_signal)
1040 interrupt_signal = sig;
1043 /* A SIGTSTP was received; arrange for the program to suspend itself. */
1046 stophandler (int sig)
1049 signal (sig, stophandler);
1050 if (! interrupt_signal)
1051 stop_signal_count++;
1054 /* Process any pending signals. If signals are caught, this function
1055 should be called periodically. Ideally there should never be an
1056 unbounded amount of time when signals are not being processed.
1057 Signal handling can restore the default colors, so callers must
1058 immediately change colors after invoking this function. */
1061 process_signals (void)
1063 while (interrupt_signal | stop_signal_count)
1069 restore_default_color ();
1072 sigprocmask (SIG_BLOCK, &caught_signals, &oldset);
1074 /* Reload interrupt_signal and stop_signal_count, in case a new
1075 signal was handled before sigprocmask took effect. */
1076 sig = interrupt_signal;
1077 stops = stop_signal_count;
1079 /* SIGTSTP is special, since the application can receive that signal
1080 more than once. In this case, don't set the signal handler to the
1081 default. Instead, just raise the uncatchable SIGSTOP. */
1084 stop_signal_count = stops - 1;
1088 signal (sig, SIG_DFL);
1090 /* Exit or suspend the program. */
1092 sigprocmask (SIG_SETMASK, &oldset, NULL);
1094 /* If execution reaches here, then the program has been
1095 continued (after being suspended). */
1100 main (int argc, char **argv)
1103 struct pending *thispend;
1106 /* The signals that are trapped, and the number of such signals. */
1107 static int const sig[] = { SIGHUP, SIGINT, SIGPIPE,
1108 SIGQUIT, SIGTERM, SIGTSTP };
1109 enum { nsigs = sizeof sig / sizeof sig[0] };
1112 bool caught_sig[nsigs];
1115 initialize_main (&argc, &argv);
1116 program_name = argv[0];
1117 setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
1118 bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
1119 textdomain (PACKAGE);
1121 initialize_exit_failure (LS_FAILURE);
1122 atexit (close_stdout);
1124 #define N_ENTRIES(Array) (sizeof Array / sizeof *(Array))
1125 assert (N_ENTRIES (color_indicator) + 1 == N_ENTRIES (indicator_name));
1127 exit_status = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1128 print_dir_name = true;
1129 pending_dirs = NULL;
1131 i = decode_switches (argc, argv);
1133 if (print_with_color)
1136 /* Test print_with_color again, because the call to parse_ls_color
1137 may have just reset it -- e.g., if LS_COLORS is invalid. */
1138 if (print_with_color)
1140 /* Avoid following symbolic links when possible. */
1141 if (is_colored (C_ORPHAN)
1142 || is_colored (C_EXEC)
1143 || (is_colored (C_MISSING) && format == long_format))
1144 check_symlink_color = true;
1146 /* If the standard output is a controlling terminal, watch out
1147 for signals, so that the colors can be restored to the
1148 default state if "ls" is suspended or interrupted. */
1150 if (0 <= tcgetpgrp (STDOUT_FILENO))
1154 struct sigaction act;
1156 sigemptyset (&caught_signals);
1157 for (j = 0; j < nsigs; j++)
1159 sigaction (sig[j], NULL, &act);
1160 if (act.sa_handler != SIG_IGN)
1161 sigaddset (&caught_signals, sig[j]);
1164 act.sa_mask = caught_signals;
1165 act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
1167 for (j = 0; j < nsigs; j++)
1168 if (sigismember (&caught_signals, sig[j]))
1170 act.sa_handler = sig[j] == SIGTSTP ? stophandler : sighandler;
1171 sigaction (sig[j], &act, NULL);
1174 for (j = 0; j < nsigs; j++)
1176 caught_sig[j] = (signal (sig[j], SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN);
1179 signal (sig[j], sig[j] == SIGTSTP ? stophandler : sighandler);
1180 siginterrupt (sig[j], 0);
1186 prep_non_filename_text ();
1189 if (dereference == DEREF_UNDEFINED)
1190 dereference = ((immediate_dirs
1191 || indicator_style == classify
1192 || format == long_format)
1194 : DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_SYMLINK_TO_DIR);
1196 /* When using -R, initialize a data structure we'll use to
1197 detect any directory cycles. */
1200 active_dir_set = hash_initialize (INITIAL_TABLE_SIZE, NULL,
1204 if (active_dir_set == NULL)
1207 obstack_init (&dev_ino_obstack);
1210 format_needs_stat = sort_type == sort_time || sort_type == sort_size
1211 || format == long_format
1212 || dereference == DEREF_ALWAYS
1213 || print_block_size || print_inode;
1214 format_needs_type = (!format_needs_stat
1215 && (recursive || print_with_color
1216 || indicator_style != none));
1220 obstack_init (&dired_obstack);
1221 obstack_init (&subdired_obstack);
1225 files = xnmalloc (nfiles, sizeof *files);
1235 gobble_file (".", directory, true, "");
1237 queue_directory (".", NULL, true);
1241 gobble_file (argv[i++], unknown, true, "");
1247 if (!immediate_dirs)
1248 extract_dirs_from_files (NULL, true);
1249 /* `files_index' might be zero now. */
1252 /* In the following if/else blocks, it is sufficient to test `pending_dirs'
1253 (and not pending_dirs->name) because there may be no markers in the queue
1254 at this point. A marker may be enqueued when extract_dirs_from_files is
1255 called with a non-empty string or via print_dir. */
1258 print_current_files ();
1260 DIRED_PUTCHAR ('\n');
1262 else if (n_files <= 1 && pending_dirs && pending_dirs->next == 0)
1263 print_dir_name = false;
1265 while (pending_dirs)
1267 thispend = pending_dirs;
1268 pending_dirs = pending_dirs->next;
1272 if (thispend->name == NULL)
1274 /* thispend->name == NULL means this is a marker entry
1275 indicating we've finished processing the directory.
1276 Use its dev/ino numbers to remove the corresponding
1277 entry from the active_dir_set hash table. */
1278 struct dev_ino di = dev_ino_pop ();
1279 struct dev_ino *found = hash_delete (active_dir_set, &di);
1280 /* ASSERT_MATCHING_DEV_INO (thispend->realname, di); */
1282 dev_ino_free (found);
1283 free_pending_ent (thispend);
1288 print_dir (thispend->name, thispend->realname,
1289 thispend->command_line_arg);
1291 free_pending_ent (thispend);
1292 print_dir_name = true;
1295 if (print_with_color)
1299 restore_default_color ();
1302 /* Restore the default signal handling. */
1304 for (j = 0; j < nsigs; j++)
1305 if (sigismember (&caught_signals, sig[j]))
1306 signal (sig[j], SIG_DFL);
1308 for (j = 0; j < nsigs; j++)
1310 signal (sig[j], SIG_DFL);
1313 /* Act on any signals that arrived before the default was restored.
1314 This can process signals out of order, but there doesn't seem to
1315 be an easy way to do them in order, and the order isn't that
1316 important anyway. */
1317 for (j = stop_signal_count; j; j--)
1319 j = interrupt_signal;
1326 /* No need to free these since we're about to exit. */
1327 dired_dump_obstack ("//DIRED//", &dired_obstack);
1328 dired_dump_obstack ("//SUBDIRED//", &subdired_obstack);
1329 printf ("//DIRED-OPTIONS// --quoting-style=%s\n",
1330 quoting_style_args[get_quoting_style (filename_quoting_options)]);
1335 assert (hash_get_n_entries (active_dir_set) == 0);
1336 hash_free (active_dir_set);
1342 /* Set all the option flags according to the switches specified.
1343 Return the index of the first non-option argument. */
1346 decode_switches (int argc, char **argv)
1349 char *time_style_option = NULL;
1351 /* Record whether there is an option specifying sort type. */
1352 bool sort_type_specified = false;
1354 qmark_funny_chars = false;
1356 /* initialize all switches to default settings */
1361 /* This is for the `dir' program. */
1362 format = many_per_line;
1363 set_quoting_style (NULL, escape_quoting_style);
1366 case LS_LONG_FORMAT:
1367 /* This is for the `vdir' program. */
1368 format = long_format;
1369 set_quoting_style (NULL, escape_quoting_style);
1373 /* This is for the `ls' program. */
1374 if (isatty (STDOUT_FILENO))
1376 format = many_per_line;
1377 /* See description of qmark_funny_chars, above. */
1378 qmark_funny_chars = true;
1382 format = one_per_line;
1383 qmark_funny_chars = false;
1391 time_type = time_mtime;
1392 sort_type = sort_name;
1393 sort_reverse = false;
1394 numeric_ids = false;
1395 print_block_size = false;
1396 indicator_style = none;
1397 print_inode = false;
1398 dereference = DEREF_UNDEFINED;
1400 immediate_dirs = false;
1401 ignore_mode = IGNORE_DEFAULT;
1402 ignore_patterns = NULL;
1403 hide_patterns = NULL;
1405 /* FIXME: put this in a function. */
1407 char const *q_style = getenv ("QUOTING_STYLE");
1410 int i = ARGMATCH (q_style, quoting_style_args, quoting_style_vals);
1412 set_quoting_style (NULL, quoting_style_vals[i]);
1415 _("ignoring invalid value of environment variable QUOTING_STYLE: %s"),
1416 quotearg (q_style));
1421 char const *ls_block_size = getenv ("LS_BLOCK_SIZE");
1422 human_output_opts = human_options (ls_block_size, false,
1423 &output_block_size);
1424 if (ls_block_size || getenv ("BLOCK_SIZE"))
1425 file_output_block_size = output_block_size;
1430 char const *p = getenv ("COLUMNS");
1433 unsigned long int tmp_ulong;
1434 if (xstrtoul (p, NULL, 0, &tmp_ulong, NULL) == LONGINT_OK
1435 && 0 < tmp_ulong && tmp_ulong <= SIZE_MAX)
1437 line_length = tmp_ulong;
1442 _("ignoring invalid width in environment variable COLUMNS: %s"),
1452 if (ioctl (STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) != -1
1453 && 0 < ws.ws_col && ws.ws_col == (size_t) ws.ws_col)
1454 line_length = ws.ws_col;
1459 char const *p = getenv ("TABSIZE");
1463 unsigned long int tmp_ulong;
1464 if (xstrtoul (p, NULL, 0, &tmp_ulong, NULL) == LONGINT_OK
1465 && tmp_ulong <= SIZE_MAX)
1467 tabsize = tmp_ulong;
1472 _("ignoring invalid tab size in environment variable TABSIZE: %s"),
1478 while ((c = getopt_long (argc, argv,
1479 "abcdfghiklmnopqrstuvw:xABCDFGHI:LNQRST:UX1",
1480 long_options, NULL)) != -1)
1485 ignore_mode = IGNORE_MINIMAL;
1489 set_quoting_style (NULL, escape_quoting_style);
1493 time_type = time_ctime;
1497 immediate_dirs = true;
1501 /* Same as enabling -a -U and disabling -l -s. */
1502 ignore_mode = IGNORE_MINIMAL;
1503 sort_type = sort_none;
1504 sort_type_specified = true;
1506 if (format == long_format)
1507 format = (isatty (STDOUT_FILENO) ? many_per_line : one_per_line);
1508 print_block_size = false; /* disable -s */
1509 print_with_color = false; /* disable --color */
1513 format = long_format;
1514 print_owner = false;
1518 human_output_opts = human_autoscale | human_SI | human_base_1024;
1519 file_output_block_size = output_block_size = 1;
1527 human_output_opts = 0;
1528 file_output_block_size = output_block_size = 1024;
1532 format = long_format;
1536 format = with_commas;
1541 format = long_format;
1544 case 'o': /* Just like -l, but don't display group info. */
1545 format = long_format;
1546 print_group = false;
1550 indicator_style = directory_only;
1554 qmark_funny_chars = true;
1558 sort_reverse = true;
1562 print_block_size = true;
1566 sort_type = sort_time;
1567 sort_type_specified = true;
1571 time_type = time_atime;
1575 sort_type = sort_version;
1576 sort_type_specified = true;
1581 unsigned long int tmp_ulong;
1582 if (xstrtoul (optarg, NULL, 0, &tmp_ulong, NULL) != LONGINT_OK
1583 || ! (0 < tmp_ulong && tmp_ulong <= SIZE_MAX))
1584 error (LS_FAILURE, 0, _("invalid line width: %s"),
1586 line_length = tmp_ulong;
1591 format = horizontal;
1595 if (ignore_mode == IGNORE_DEFAULT)
1596 ignore_mode = IGNORE_DOT_AND_DOTDOT;
1600 add_ignore_pattern ("*~");
1601 add_ignore_pattern (".*~");
1605 format = many_per_line;
1613 indicator_style = classify;
1616 case 'G': /* inhibit display of group info */
1617 print_group = false;
1621 dereference = DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_ARGUMENTS;
1624 case DEREFERENCE_COMMAND_LINE_SYMLINK_TO_DIR_OPTION:
1625 dereference = DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_SYMLINK_TO_DIR;
1629 add_ignore_pattern (optarg);
1633 dereference = DEREF_ALWAYS;
1637 set_quoting_style (NULL, literal_quoting_style);
1641 set_quoting_style (NULL, c_quoting_style);
1649 sort_type = sort_size;
1650 sort_type_specified = true;
1655 unsigned long int tmp_ulong;
1656 if (xstrtoul (optarg, NULL, 0, &tmp_ulong, NULL) != LONGINT_OK
1657 || SIZE_MAX < tmp_ulong)
1658 error (LS_FAILURE, 0, _("invalid tab size: %s"),
1660 tabsize = tmp_ulong;
1665 sort_type = sort_none;
1666 sort_type_specified = true;
1670 sort_type = sort_extension;
1671 sort_type_specified = true;
1675 /* -1 has no effect after -l. */
1676 if (format != long_format)
1677 format = one_per_line;
1681 print_author = true;
1686 struct ignore_pattern *hide = xmalloc (sizeof *hide);
1687 hide->pattern = optarg;
1688 hide->next = hide_patterns;
1689 hide_patterns = hide;
1694 sort_type = XARGMATCH ("--sort", optarg, sort_args, sort_types);
1695 sort_type_specified = true;
1699 time_type = XARGMATCH ("--time", optarg, time_args, time_types);
1703 format = XARGMATCH ("--format", optarg, format_args, format_types);
1706 case FULL_TIME_OPTION:
1707 format = long_format;
1708 time_style_option = "full-iso";
1715 i = XARGMATCH ("--color", optarg, color_args, color_types);
1717 /* Using --color with no argument is equivalent to using
1721 print_with_color = (i == color_always
1722 || (i == color_if_tty
1723 && isatty (STDOUT_FILENO)));
1725 if (print_with_color)
1727 /* Don't use TAB characters in output. Some terminal
1728 emulators can't handle the combination of tabs and
1729 color codes on the same line. */
1735 case INDICATOR_STYLE_OPTION:
1736 indicator_style = XARGMATCH ("--indicator-style", optarg,
1737 indicator_style_args,
1738 indicator_style_types);
1741 case QUOTING_STYLE_OPTION:
1742 set_quoting_style (NULL,
1743 XARGMATCH ("--quoting-style", optarg,
1745 quoting_style_vals));
1748 case TIME_STYLE_OPTION:
1749 time_style_option = optarg;
1752 case SHOW_CONTROL_CHARS_OPTION:
1753 qmark_funny_chars = false;
1756 case BLOCK_SIZE_OPTION:
1757 human_output_opts = human_options (optarg, true, &output_block_size);
1758 file_output_block_size = output_block_size;
1762 human_output_opts = human_autoscale | human_SI;
1763 file_output_block_size = output_block_size = 1;
1766 case_GETOPT_HELP_CHAR;
1768 case_GETOPT_VERSION_CHAR (PROGRAM_NAME, AUTHORS);
1775 max_idx = MAX (1, line_length / MIN_COLUMN_WIDTH);
1777 filename_quoting_options = clone_quoting_options (NULL);
1778 if (get_quoting_style (filename_quoting_options) == escape_quoting_style)
1779 set_char_quoting (filename_quoting_options, ' ', 1);
1780 if (file_type <= indicator_style)
1783 for (p = "*=>@|" + indicator_style - file_type; *p; p++)
1784 set_char_quoting (filename_quoting_options, *p, 1);
1787 dirname_quoting_options = clone_quoting_options (NULL);
1788 set_char_quoting (dirname_quoting_options, ':', 1);
1790 /* --dired is meaningful only with --format=long (-l).
1791 Otherwise, ignore it. FIXME: warn about this?
1792 Alternatively, make --dired imply --format=long? */
1793 if (dired && format != long_format)
1796 /* If -c or -u is specified and not -l (or any other option that implies -l),
1797 and no sort-type was specified, then sort by the ctime (-c) or atime (-u).
1798 The behavior of ls when using either -c or -u but with neither -l nor -t
1799 appears to be unspecified by POSIX. So, with GNU ls, `-u' alone means
1800 sort by atime (this is the one that's not specified by the POSIX spec),
1801 -lu means show atime and sort by name, -lut means show atime and sort
1804 if ((time_type == time_ctime || time_type == time_atime)
1805 && !sort_type_specified && format != long_format)
1807 sort_type = sort_time;
1810 if (format == long_format)
1812 char *style = time_style_option;
1813 static char const posix_prefix[] = "posix-";
1816 if (! (style = getenv ("TIME_STYLE")))
1817 style = "posix-long-iso";
1819 while (strncmp (style, posix_prefix, sizeof posix_prefix - 1) == 0)
1821 if (! hard_locale (LC_TIME))
1823 style += sizeof posix_prefix - 1;
1828 char *p0 = style + 1;
1829 char *p1 = strchr (p0, '\n');
1834 if (strchr (p1 + 1, '\n'))
1835 error (LS_FAILURE, 0, _("invalid time style format %s"),
1839 long_time_format[0] = p0;
1840 long_time_format[1] = p1;
1843 switch (XARGMATCH ("time style", style,
1847 case full_iso_time_style:
1848 long_time_format[0] = long_time_format[1] =
1849 "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%N %z";
1852 case long_iso_time_style:
1853 long_time_format[0] = long_time_format[1] = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M";
1856 case iso_time_style:
1857 long_time_format[0] = "%Y-%m-%d ";
1858 long_time_format[1] = "%m-%d %H:%M";
1861 case locale_time_style:
1862 if (hard_locale (LC_TIME))
1865 for (i = 0; i < 2; i++)
1866 long_time_format[i] =
1867 dcgettext (NULL, long_time_format[i], LC_TIME);
1875 /* Parse a string as part of the LS_COLORS variable; this may involve
1876 decoding all kinds of escape characters. If equals_end is set an
1877 unescaped equal sign ends the string, otherwise only a : or \0
1878 does. Set *OUTPUT_COUNT to the number of bytes output. Return
1881 The resulting string is *not* null-terminated, but may contain
1884 Note that both dest and src are char **; on return they point to
1885 the first free byte after the array and the character that ended
1886 the input string, respectively. */
1889 get_funky_string (char **dest, const char **src, bool equals_end,
1890 size_t *output_count)
1892 char num; /* For numerical codes */
1893 size_t count; /* Something to count with */
1895 ST_GND, ST_BACKSLASH, ST_OCTAL, ST_HEX, ST_CARET, ST_END, ST_ERROR
1900 p = *src; /* We don't want to double-indirect */
1901 q = *dest; /* the whole darn time. */
1903 count = 0; /* No characters counted in yet. */
1906 state = ST_GND; /* Start in ground state. */
1907 while (state < ST_END)
1911 case ST_GND: /* Ground state (no escapes) */
1916 state = ST_END; /* End of string */
1919 state = ST_BACKSLASH; /* Backslash scape sequence */
1923 state = ST_CARET; /* Caret escape */
1929 state = ST_END; /* End */
1932 /* else fall through */
1940 case ST_BACKSLASH: /* Backslash escaped character */
1951 state = ST_OCTAL; /* Octal sequence */
1956 state = ST_HEX; /* Hex sequence */
1959 case 'a': /* Bell */
1962 case 'b': /* Backspace */
1965 case 'e': /* Escape */
1968 case 'f': /* Form feed */
1971 case 'n': /* Newline */
1974 case 'r': /* Carriage return */
1980 case 'v': /* Vtab */
1983 case '?': /* Delete */
1986 case '_': /* Space */
1989 case '\0': /* End of string */
1990 state = ST_ERROR; /* Error! */
1992 default: /* Escaped character like \ ^ : = */
1996 if (state == ST_BACKSLASH)
2005 case ST_OCTAL: /* Octal sequence */
2006 if (*p < '0' || *p > '7')
2013 num = (num << 3) + (*(p++) - '0');
2016 case ST_HEX: /* Hex sequence */
2029 num = (num << 4) + (*(p++) - '0');
2037 num = (num << 4) + (*(p++) - 'a') + 10;
2045 num = (num << 4) + (*(p++) - 'A') + 10;
2055 case ST_CARET: /* Caret escape */
2056 state = ST_GND; /* Should be the next state... */
2057 if (*p >= '@' && *p <= '~')
2059 *(q++) = *(p++) & 037;
2078 *output_count = count;
2080 return state != ST_ERROR;
2084 parse_ls_color (void)
2086 const char *p; /* Pointer to character being parsed */
2087 char *buf; /* color_buf buffer pointer */
2088 int state; /* State of parser */
2089 int ind_no; /* Indicator number */
2090 char label[3]; /* Indicator label */
2091 struct color_ext_type *ext; /* Extension we are working on */
2093 if ((p = getenv ("LS_COLORS")) == NULL || *p == '\0')
2097 strcpy (label, "??");
2099 /* This is an overly conservative estimate, but any possible
2100 LS_COLORS string will *not* generate a color_buf longer than
2101 itself, so it is a safe way of allocating a buffer in
2103 buf = color_buf = xstrdup (p);
2110 case 1: /* First label character */
2118 /* Allocate new extension block and add to head of
2119 linked list (this way a later definition will
2120 override an earlier one, which can be useful for
2121 having terminal-specific defs override global). */
2123 ext = xmalloc (sizeof *ext);
2124 ext->next = color_ext_list;
2125 color_ext_list = ext;
2128 ext->ext.string = buf;
2130 state = (get_funky_string (&buf, &p, true, &ext->ext.len)
2135 state = 0; /* Done! */
2138 default: /* Assume it is file type label */
2145 case 2: /* Second label character */
2152 state = -1; /* Error */
2155 case 3: /* Equal sign after indicator label */
2156 state = -1; /* Assume failure... */
2157 if (*(p++) == '=')/* It *should* be... */
2159 for (ind_no = 0; indicator_name[ind_no] != NULL; ++ind_no)
2161 if (STREQ (label, indicator_name[ind_no]))
2163 color_indicator[ind_no].string = buf;
2164 state = (get_funky_string (&buf, &p, false,
2165 &color_indicator[ind_no].len)
2171 error (0, 0, _("unrecognized prefix: %s"), quotearg (label));
2175 case 4: /* Equal sign after *.ext */
2178 ext->seq.string = buf;
2179 state = (get_funky_string (&buf, &p, false, &ext->seq.len)
2190 struct color_ext_type *e;
2191 struct color_ext_type *e2;
2194 _("unparsable value for LS_COLORS environment variable"));
2196 for (e = color_ext_list; e != NULL; /* empty */)
2202 print_with_color = false;
2205 if (color_indicator[C_LINK].len == 6
2206 && !strncmp (color_indicator[C_LINK].string, "target", 6))
2207 color_symlink_as_referent = true;
2210 /* Set the exit status to report a failure. If SERIOUS, it is a
2211 serious failure; otherwise, it is merely a minor problem. */
2214 set_exit_status (bool serious)
2217 exit_status = LS_FAILURE;
2218 else if (exit_status == EXIT_SUCCESS)
2219 exit_status = LS_MINOR_PROBLEM;
2222 /* Assuming a failure is serious if SERIOUS, use the printf-style
2223 MESSAGE to report the failure to access a file named FILE. Assume
2224 errno is set appropriately for the failure. */
2227 file_failure (bool serious, char const *message, char const *file)
2229 error (0, errno, message, quotearg_colon (file));
2230 set_exit_status (serious);
2233 /* Request that the directory named NAME have its contents listed later.
2234 If REALNAME is nonzero, it will be used instead of NAME when the
2235 directory name is printed. This allows symbolic links to directories
2236 to be treated as regular directories but still be listed under their
2237 real names. NAME == NULL is used to insert a marker entry for the
2238 directory named in REALNAME.
2239 If NAME is non-NULL, we use its dev/ino information to save
2240 a call to stat -- when doing a recursive (-R) traversal.
2241 COMMAND_LINE_ARG means this directory was mentioned on the command line. */
2244 queue_directory (char const *name, char const *realname, bool command_line_arg)
2246 struct pending *new = xmalloc (sizeof *new);
2247 new->realname = realname ? xstrdup (realname) : NULL;
2248 new->name = name ? xstrdup (name) : NULL;
2249 new->command_line_arg = command_line_arg;
2250 new->next = pending_dirs;
2254 /* Read directory NAME, and list the files in it.
2255 If REALNAME is nonzero, print its name instead of NAME;
2256 this is used for symbolic links to directories.
2257 COMMAND_LINE_ARG means this directory was mentioned on the command line. */
2260 print_dir (char const *name, char const *realname, bool command_line_arg)
2263 struct dirent *next;
2264 uintmax_t total_blocks = 0;
2265 static bool first = true;
2268 dirp = opendir (name);
2271 file_failure (command_line_arg, "%s", name);
2277 struct stat dir_stat;
2278 int fd = dirfd (dirp);
2280 /* If dirfd failed, endure the overhead of using stat. */
2282 ? fstat (fd, &dir_stat)
2283 : stat (name, &dir_stat)) < 0)
2285 file_failure (command_line_arg,
2286 _("cannot determine device and inode of %s"), name);
2290 /* If we've already visited this dev/inode pair, warn that
2291 we've found a loop, and do not process this directory. */
2292 if (visit_dir (dir_stat.st_dev, dir_stat.st_ino))
2294 error (0, 0, _("%s: not listing already-listed directory"),
2295 quotearg_colon (name));
2299 DEV_INO_PUSH (dir_stat.st_dev, dir_stat.st_ino);
2302 /* Read the directory entries, and insert the subfiles into the `files'
2309 /* Set errno to zero so we can distinguish between a readdir failure
2310 and when readdir simply finds that there are no more entries. */
2312 next = readdir (dirp);
2315 if (! file_ignored (next->d_name))
2317 enum filetype type = unknown;
2319 #if HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_TYPE
2320 if (next->d_type == DT_BLK
2321 || next->d_type == DT_CHR
2322 || next->d_type == DT_DIR
2323 || next->d_type == DT_FIFO
2324 || next->d_type == DT_LNK
2325 || next->d_type == DT_REG
2326 || next->d_type == DT_SOCK)
2327 type = next->d_type;
2329 total_blocks += gobble_file (next->d_name, type, false, name);
2332 else if (errno != 0)
2334 file_failure (command_line_arg, _("reading directory %s"), name);
2335 if (errno != EOVERFLOW)
2342 if (CLOSEDIR (dirp) != 0)
2344 file_failure (command_line_arg, _("closing directory %s"), name);
2345 /* Don't return; print whatever we got. */
2348 /* Sort the directory contents. */
2351 /* If any member files are subdirectories, perhaps they should have their
2352 contents listed rather than being mentioned here as files. */
2355 extract_dirs_from_files (name, command_line_arg);
2357 if (recursive | print_dir_name)
2360 DIRED_PUTCHAR ('\n');
2363 PUSH_CURRENT_DIRED_POS (&subdired_obstack);
2364 dired_pos += quote_name (stdout, realname ? realname : name,
2365 dirname_quoting_options, NULL);
2366 PUSH_CURRENT_DIRED_POS (&subdired_obstack);
2367 DIRED_FPUTS_LITERAL (":\n", stdout);
2370 if (format == long_format || print_block_size)
2373 char buf[LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1];
2377 DIRED_FPUTS (p, stdout, strlen (p));
2378 DIRED_PUTCHAR (' ');
2379 p = human_readable (total_blocks, buf, human_output_opts,
2380 ST_NBLOCKSIZE, output_block_size);
2381 DIRED_FPUTS (p, stdout, strlen (p));
2382 DIRED_PUTCHAR ('\n');
2386 print_current_files ();
2389 /* Add `pattern' to the list of patterns for which files that match are
2393 add_ignore_pattern (const char *pattern)
2395 struct ignore_pattern *ignore;
2397 ignore = xmalloc (sizeof *ignore);
2398 ignore->pattern = pattern;
2399 /* Add it to the head of the linked list. */
2400 ignore->next = ignore_patterns;
2401 ignore_patterns = ignore;
2404 /* Return true if one of the PATTERNS matches FILE. */
2407 patterns_match (struct ignore_pattern const *patterns, char const *file)
2409 struct ignore_pattern const *p;
2410 for (p = patterns; p; p = p->next)
2411 if (fnmatch (p->pattern, file, FNM_PERIOD) == 0)
2416 /* Return true if FILE should be ignored. */
2419 file_ignored (char const *name)
2421 return ((ignore_mode != IGNORE_MINIMAL
2423 && (ignore_mode == IGNORE_DEFAULT || ! name[1 + (name[1] == '.')]))
2424 || (ignore_mode == IGNORE_DEFAULT
2425 && patterns_match (hide_patterns, name))
2426 || patterns_match (ignore_patterns, name));
2429 /* POSIX requires that a file size be printed without a sign, even
2430 when negative. Assume the typical case where negative sizes are
2431 actually positive values that have wrapped around. */
2434 unsigned_file_size (off_t size)
2436 return size + (size < 0) * ((uintmax_t) OFF_T_MAX - OFF_T_MIN + 1);
2439 /* Enter and remove entries in the table `files'. */
2441 /* Empty the table of files. */
2448 for (i = 0; i < files_index; i++)
2450 free (files[i].name);
2451 if (files[i].linkname)
2452 free (files[i].linkname);
2456 inode_number_width = 0;
2457 block_size_width = 0;
2462 major_device_number_width = 0;
2463 minor_device_number_width = 0;
2464 file_size_width = 0;
2467 /* Add a file to the current table of files.
2468 Verify that the file exists, and print an error message if it does not.
2469 Return the number of blocks that the file occupies. */
2472 gobble_file (char const *name, enum filetype type, bool command_line_arg,
2473 char const *dirname)
2479 if (files_index == nfiles)
2481 files = xnrealloc (files, nfiles, 2 * sizeof *files);
2485 f = &files[files_index];
2490 if (command_line_arg
2491 || format_needs_stat
2492 || (format_needs_type
2495 /* FIXME: remove this disjunct.
2496 I don't think we care about symlinks here, but for now
2497 this won't make a big performance difference. */
2498 || type == symbolic_link
2500 /* --indicator-style=classify (aka -F)
2501 requires that we stat each regular file
2502 to see if it's executable. */
2503 || (type == normal && (indicator_style == classify
2504 /* This is so that --color ends up
2505 highlighting files with the executable
2506 bit set even when options like -F are
2508 || (print_with_color
2509 && is_colored (C_EXEC))
2513 /* `path' is the absolute pathname of this file. */
2516 if (name[0] == '/' || dirname[0] == 0)
2517 path = (char *) name;
2520 path = alloca (strlen (name) + strlen (dirname) + 2);
2521 attach (path, dirname, name);
2524 switch (dereference)
2527 err = stat (path, &f->stat);
2530 case DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_ARGUMENTS:
2531 case DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_SYMLINK_TO_DIR:
2532 if (command_line_arg)
2535 err = stat (path, &f->stat);
2537 if (dereference == DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_ARGUMENTS)
2540 need_lstat = (err < 0
2542 : ! S_ISDIR (f->stat.st_mode));
2546 /* stat failed because of ENOENT, maybe indicating a dangling
2547 symlink. Or stat succeeded, PATH does not refer to a
2548 directory, and --dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir is
2549 in effect. Fall through so that we call lstat instead. */
2552 default: /* DEREF_NEVER */
2553 err = lstat (path, &f->stat);
2559 file_failure (command_line_arg, "%s", path);
2564 if (format == long_format)
2566 int n = file_has_acl (path, &f->stat);
2567 f->have_acl = (0 < n);
2569 error (0, errno, "%s", quotearg_colon (path));
2573 if (S_ISLNK (f->stat.st_mode)
2574 && (format == long_format || check_symlink_color))
2577 struct stat linkstats;
2579 get_link_name (path, f, command_line_arg);
2580 linkpath = make_link_path (path, f->linkname);
2582 /* Avoid following symbolic links when possible, ie, when
2583 they won't be traced and when no indicator is needed. */
2585 && (file_type <= indicator_style || check_symlink_color)
2586 && stat (linkpath, &linkstats) == 0)
2590 /* Symbolic links to directories that are mentioned on the
2591 command line are automatically traced if not being
2593 if (!command_line_arg || format == long_format
2594 || !S_ISDIR (linkstats.st_mode))
2596 /* Get the linked-to file's mode for the filetype indicator
2597 in long listings. */
2598 f->linkmode = linkstats.st_mode;
2606 if (S_ISLNK (f->stat.st_mode))
2607 f->filetype = symbolic_link;
2608 else if (S_ISDIR (f->stat.st_mode))
2610 if (command_line_arg & !immediate_dirs)
2611 f->filetype = arg_directory;
2613 f->filetype = directory;
2616 f->filetype = normal;
2619 char buf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t)];
2620 int len = strlen (umaxtostr (f->stat.st_ino, buf));
2621 if (inode_number_width < len)
2622 inode_number_width = len;
2625 blocks = ST_NBLOCKS (f->stat);
2627 char buf[LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1];
2628 int len = mbswidth (human_readable (blocks, buf, human_output_opts,
2629 ST_NBLOCKSIZE, output_block_size),
2631 if (block_size_width < len)
2632 block_size_width = len;
2637 int len = format_user_width (f->stat.st_uid);
2638 if (owner_width < len)
2644 int len = format_group_width (f->stat.st_gid);
2645 if (group_width < len)
2651 int len = format_user_width (f->stat.st_uid);
2652 if (author_width < len)
2657 char buf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t)];
2658 int len = strlen (umaxtostr (f->stat.st_nlink, buf));
2659 if (nlink_width < len)
2663 if (S_ISCHR (f->stat.st_mode) || S_ISBLK (f->stat.st_mode))
2665 char buf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t)];
2666 int len = strlen (umaxtostr (major (f->stat.st_rdev), buf));
2667 if (major_device_number_width < len)
2668 major_device_number_width = len;
2669 len = strlen (umaxtostr (minor (f->stat.st_rdev), buf));
2670 if (minor_device_number_width < len)
2671 minor_device_number_width = len;
2672 len = major_device_number_width + 2 + minor_device_number_width;
2673 if (file_size_width < len)
2674 file_size_width = len;
2678 char buf[LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1];
2679 uintmax_t size = unsigned_file_size (f->stat.st_size);
2680 int len = mbswidth (human_readable (size, buf, human_output_opts,
2681 1, file_output_block_size),
2683 if (file_size_width < len)
2684 file_size_width = len;
2690 #if HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_TYPE
2691 f->stat.st_mode = DTTOIF (type);
2696 f->name = xstrdup (name);
2704 /* Put the name of the file that FILENAME is a symbolic link to
2705 into the LINKNAME field of `f'. COMMAND_LINE_ARG indicates whether
2706 FILENAME is a command-line argument. */
2709 get_link_name (char const *filename, struct fileinfo *f, bool command_line_arg)
2711 f->linkname = xreadlink (filename, f->stat.st_size);
2712 if (f->linkname == NULL)
2713 file_failure (command_line_arg, _("cannot read symbolic link %s"),
2717 /* If `linkname' is a relative path and `path' contains one or more
2718 leading directories, return `linkname' with those directories
2719 prepended; otherwise, return a copy of `linkname'.
2720 If `linkname' is zero, return zero. */
2723 make_link_path (const char *path, const char *linkname)
2731 if (*linkname == '/')
2732 return xstrdup (linkname);
2734 /* The link is to a relative path. Prepend any leading path
2735 in `path' to the link name. */
2736 linkbuf = strrchr (path, '/');
2738 return xstrdup (linkname);
2740 bufsiz = linkbuf - path + 1;
2741 linkbuf = xmalloc (bufsiz + strlen (linkname) + 1);
2742 strncpy (linkbuf, path, bufsiz);
2743 strcpy (linkbuf + bufsiz, linkname);
2748 /* Return true if base_name (NAME) ends in `.' or `..'
2749 This is so we don't try to recurse on `././././. ...' */
2752 basename_is_dot_or_dotdot (const char *name)
2754 char const *base = base_name (name);
2755 return DOT_OR_DOTDOT (base);
2758 /* Remove any entries from FILES that are for directories,
2759 and queue them to be listed as directories instead.
2760 DIRNAME is the prefix to prepend to each dirname
2761 to make it correct relative to ls's working dir;
2762 if it is null, no prefix is needed and "." and ".." should not be ignored.
2763 If COMMAND_LINE_ARG is true, this directory was mentioned at the top level,
2764 This is desirable when processing directories recursively. */
2767 extract_dirs_from_files (char const *dirname, bool command_line_arg)
2771 bool ignore_dot_and_dot_dot = (dirname != NULL);
2773 if (dirname && LOOP_DETECT)
2775 /* Insert a marker entry first. When we dequeue this marker entry,
2776 we'll know that DIRNAME has been processed and may be removed
2777 from the set of active directories. */
2778 queue_directory (NULL, dirname, false);
2781 /* Queue the directories last one first, because queueing reverses the
2783 for (i = files_index; i-- != 0; )
2784 if ((files[i].filetype == directory || files[i].filetype == arg_directory)
2785 && (!ignore_dot_and_dot_dot
2786 || !basename_is_dot_or_dotdot (files[i].name)))
2788 if (!dirname || files[i].name[0] == '/')
2790 queue_directory (files[i].name, files[i].linkname,
2795 char *path = path_concat (dirname, files[i].name, NULL);
2796 queue_directory (path, files[i].linkname, command_line_arg);
2799 if (files[i].filetype == arg_directory)
2800 free (files[i].name);
2803 /* Now delete the directories from the table, compacting all the remaining
2806 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < files_index; i++)
2808 if (files[i].filetype != arg_directory)
2811 files[j] = files[i];
2818 /* Use strcoll to compare strings in this locale. If an error occurs,
2819 report an error and longjmp to failed_strcoll. */
2821 static jmp_buf failed_strcoll;
2824 xstrcoll (char const *a, char const *b)
2828 diff = strcoll (a, b);
2831 error (0, errno, _("cannot compare file names %s and %s"),
2832 quote_n (0, a), quote_n (1, b));
2833 set_exit_status (false);
2834 longjmp (failed_strcoll, 1);
2839 /* Comparison routines for sorting the files. */
2841 typedef void const *V;
2844 cmp_ctime (struct fileinfo const *a, struct fileinfo const *b,
2845 int (*cmp) (char const *, char const *))
2847 int diff = CTIME_CMP (b->stat, a->stat);
2848 return diff ? diff : cmp (a->name, b->name);
2850 static int compare_ctime (V a, V b) { return cmp_ctime (a, b, xstrcoll); }
2851 static int compstr_ctime (V a, V b) { return cmp_ctime (a, b, strcmp); }
2852 static int rev_cmp_ctime (V a, V b) { return compare_ctime (b, a); }
2853 static int rev_str_ctime (V a, V b) { return compstr_ctime (b, a); }
2856 cmp_mtime (struct fileinfo const *a, struct fileinfo const *b,
2857 int (*cmp) (char const *, char const *))
2859 int diff = MTIME_CMP (b->stat, a->stat);
2860 return diff ? diff : cmp (a->name, b->name);
2862 static int compare_mtime (V a, V b) { return cmp_mtime (a, b, xstrcoll); }
2863 static int compstr_mtime (V a, V b) { return cmp_mtime (a, b, strcmp); }
2864 static int rev_cmp_mtime (V a, V b) { return compare_mtime (b, a); }
2865 static int rev_str_mtime (V a, V b) { return compstr_mtime (b, a); }
2868 cmp_atime (struct fileinfo const *a, struct fileinfo const *b,
2869 int (*cmp) (char const *, char const *))
2871 int diff = ATIME_CMP (b->stat, a->stat);
2872 return diff ? diff : cmp (a->name, b->name);
2874 static int compare_atime (V a, V b) { return cmp_atime (a, b, xstrcoll); }
2875 static int compstr_atime (V a, V b) { return cmp_atime (a, b, strcmp); }
2876 static int rev_cmp_atime (V a, V b) { return compare_atime (b, a); }
2877 static int rev_str_atime (V a, V b) { return compstr_atime (b, a); }
2880 cmp_size (struct fileinfo const *a, struct fileinfo const *b,
2881 int (*cmp) (char const *, char const *))
2883 int diff = longdiff (b->stat.st_size, a->stat.st_size);
2884 return diff ? diff : cmp (a->name, b->name);
2886 static int compare_size (V a, V b) { return cmp_size (a, b, xstrcoll); }
2887 static int compstr_size (V a, V b) { return cmp_size (a, b, strcmp); }
2888 static int rev_cmp_size (V a, V b) { return compare_size (b, a); }
2889 static int rev_str_size (V a, V b) { return compstr_size (b, a); }
2892 cmp_version (struct fileinfo const *a, struct fileinfo const *b)
2894 return strverscmp (a->name, b->name);
2896 static int compare_version (V a, V b) { return cmp_version (a, b); }
2897 static int rev_cmp_version (V a, V b) { return compare_version (b, a); }
2900 cmp_name (struct fileinfo const *a, struct fileinfo const *b,
2901 int (*cmp) (char const *, char const *))
2903 return cmp (a->name, b->name);
2905 static int compare_name (V a, V b) { return cmp_name (a, b, xstrcoll); }
2906 static int compstr_name (V a, V b) { return cmp_name (a, b, strcmp); }
2907 static int rev_cmp_name (V a, V b) { return compare_name (b, a); }
2908 static int rev_str_name (V a, V b) { return compstr_name (b, a); }
2910 /* Compare file extensions. Files with no extension are `smallest'.
2911 If extensions are the same, compare by filenames instead. */
2914 cmp_extension (struct fileinfo const *a, struct fileinfo const *b,
2915 int (*cmp) (char const *, char const *))
2917 char const *base1 = strrchr (a->name, '.');
2918 char const *base2 = strrchr (b->name, '.');
2919 int diff = cmp (base1 ? base1 : "", base2 ? base2 : "");
2920 return diff ? diff : cmp (a->name, b->name);
2922 static int compare_extension (V a, V b) { return cmp_extension (a, b, xstrcoll); }
2923 static int compstr_extension (V a, V b) { return cmp_extension (a, b, strcmp); }
2924 static int rev_cmp_extension (V a, V b) { return compare_extension (b, a); }
2925 static int rev_str_extension (V a, V b) { return compstr_extension (b, a); }
2927 /* Sort the files now in the table. */
2934 /* Try strcoll. If it fails, fall back on strcmp. We can't safely
2935 ignore strcoll failures, as a failing strcoll might be a
2936 comparison function that is not a total order, and if we ignored
2937 the failure this might cause qsort to dump core. */
2939 if (! setjmp (failed_strcoll))
2949 func = sort_reverse ? rev_cmp_ctime : compare_ctime;
2952 func = sort_reverse ? rev_cmp_mtime : compare_mtime;
2955 func = sort_reverse ? rev_cmp_atime : compare_atime;
2962 func = sort_reverse ? rev_cmp_name : compare_name;
2964 case sort_extension:
2965 func = sort_reverse ? rev_cmp_extension : compare_extension;
2968 func = sort_reverse ? rev_cmp_size : compare_size;
2971 func = sort_reverse ? rev_cmp_version : compare_version;
2985 func = sort_reverse ? rev_str_ctime : compstr_ctime;
2988 func = sort_reverse ? rev_str_mtime : compstr_mtime;
2991 func = sort_reverse ? rev_str_atime : compstr_atime;
2998 func = sort_reverse ? rev_str_name : compstr_name;
3000 case sort_extension:
3001 func = sort_reverse ? rev_str_extension : compstr_extension;
3004 func = sort_reverse ? rev_str_size : compstr_size;
3011 qsort (files, files_index, sizeof (struct fileinfo), func);
3014 /* List all the files now in the table. */
3017 print_current_files (void)
3024 for (i = 0; i < files_index; i++)
3026 print_file_name_and_frills (files + i);
3032 print_many_per_line ();
3036 print_horizontal ();
3040 print_with_commas ();
3044 for (i = 0; i < files_index; i++)
3046 print_long_format (files + i);
3047 DIRED_PUTCHAR ('\n');
3053 /* Return the expected number of columns in a long-format time stamp,
3054 or zero if it cannot be calculated. */
3057 long_time_expected_width (void)
3059 static int width = -1;
3064 struct tm const *tm = localtime (&epoch);
3065 char buf[TIME_STAMP_LEN_MAXIMUM + 1];
3070 nstrftime (buf, sizeof buf, long_time_format[0], tm, 0, 0);
3072 width = mbsnwidth (buf, len, 0);
3082 /* Get the current time. */
3085 get_current_time (void)
3087 #if HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME && defined CLOCK_REALTIME
3089 struct timespec timespec;
3090 if (clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME, ×pec) == 0)
3092 current_time = timespec.tv_sec;
3093 current_time_ns = timespec.tv_nsec;
3099 /* The clock does not have nanosecond resolution, so get the maximum
3100 possible value for the current time that is consistent with the
3101 reported clock. That way, files are not considered to be in the
3102 future merely because their time stamps have higher resolution
3103 than the clock resolution. */
3105 #if HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY
3107 struct timeval timeval;
3108 gettimeofday (&timeval, NULL);
3109 current_time = timeval.tv_sec;
3110 current_time_ns = timeval.tv_usec * 1000 + 999;
3113 current_time = time (NULL);
3114 current_time_ns = 999999999;
3118 /* Print the user or group name NAME, with numeric id ID, using a
3119 print width of WIDTH columns. */
3122 format_user_or_group (char const *name, unsigned long int id, int width)
3128 int width_gap = width - mbswidth (name, 0);
3129 int pad = MAX (0, width_gap);
3130 fputs (name, stdout);
3131 len = strlen (name) + pad;
3139 printf ("%*lu ", width, id);
3143 dired_pos += len + 1;
3146 /* Print the name or id of the user with id U, using a print width of
3150 format_user (uid_t u, int width)
3152 format_user_or_group (numeric_ids ? NULL : getuser (u), u, width);
3155 /* Likewise, for groups. */
3158 format_group (gid_t g, int width)
3160 format_user_or_group (numeric_ids ? NULL : getgroup (g), g, width);
3163 /* Return the number of columns that format_user_or_group will print. */
3166 format_user_or_group_width (char const *name, unsigned long int id)
3170 int len = mbswidth (name, 0);
3171 return MAX (0, len);
3175 char buf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (unsigned long int)];
3176 sprintf (buf, "%lu", id);
3177 return strlen (buf);
3181 /* Return the number of columns that format_user will print. */
3184 format_user_width (uid_t u)
3186 return format_user_or_group_width (numeric_ids ? NULL : getuser (u), u);
3189 /* Likewise, for groups. */
3192 format_group_width (gid_t g)
3194 return format_user_or_group_width (numeric_ids ? NULL : getgroup (g), g);
3198 /* Print information about F in long format. */
3201 print_long_format (const struct fileinfo *f)
3205 [LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1 /* inode */
3206 + LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1 /* size in blocks */
3207 + sizeof (modebuf) - 1 + 1 /* mode string */
3208 + INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t) /* st_nlink */
3209 + LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 2 /* major device number */
3210 + LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1 /* minor device number */
3211 + TIME_STAMP_LEN_MAXIMUM + 1 /* max length of time/date */
3216 int when_ns IF_LINT (= 0);
3217 struct tm *when_local;
3219 /* Compute mode string. On most systems, it's based on st_mode.
3220 On systems with migration (via the stat.st_dm_mode field), use
3221 the file's migrated status. */
3222 mode_string (ST_DM_MODE (f->stat), modebuf);
3224 modebuf[10] = (FILE_HAS_ACL (f) ? '+' : ' ');
3230 when = f->stat.st_ctime;
3231 when_ns = TIMESPEC_NS (f->stat.st_ctim);
3234 when = f->stat.st_mtime;
3235 when_ns = TIMESPEC_NS (f->stat.st_mtim);
3238 when = f->stat.st_atime;
3239 when_ns = TIMESPEC_NS (f->stat.st_atim);
3247 char hbuf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t)];
3248 sprintf (p, "%*s ", inode_number_width,
3249 umaxtostr (f->stat.st_ino, hbuf));
3250 p += inode_number_width + 1;
3253 if (print_block_size)
3255 char hbuf[LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1];
3256 char const *blocks =
3257 human_readable (ST_NBLOCKS (f->stat), hbuf, human_output_opts,
3258 ST_NBLOCKSIZE, output_block_size);
3260 for (pad = block_size_width - mbswidth (blocks, 0); 0 < pad; pad--)
3262 while ((*p++ = *blocks++))
3267 /* The last byte of the mode string is the POSIX
3268 "optional alternate access method flag". */
3270 char hbuf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t)];
3271 sprintf (p, "%s %*s ", modebuf, nlink_width,
3272 umaxtostr (f->stat.st_nlink, hbuf));
3274 p += sizeof modebuf + nlink_width + 1;
3278 if (print_owner | print_group | print_author)
3280 DIRED_FPUTS (buf, stdout, p - buf);
3283 format_user (f->stat.st_uid, owner_width);
3286 format_group (f->stat.st_gid, group_width);
3289 format_user (f->stat.st_author, author_width);
3294 if (S_ISCHR (f->stat.st_mode) || S_ISBLK (f->stat.st_mode))
3296 char majorbuf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t)];
3297 char minorbuf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t)];
3298 int blanks_width = (file_size_width
3299 - (major_device_number_width + 2
3300 + minor_device_number_width));
3301 sprintf (p, "%*s, %*s ",
3302 major_device_number_width + MAX (0, blanks_width),
3303 umaxtostr (major (f->stat.st_rdev), majorbuf),
3304 minor_device_number_width,
3305 umaxtostr (minor (f->stat.st_rdev), minorbuf));
3306 p += file_size_width + 1;
3310 char hbuf[LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1];
3312 human_readable (unsigned_file_size (f->stat.st_size),
3313 hbuf, human_output_opts, 1, file_output_block_size);
3315 for (pad = file_size_width - mbswidth (size, 0); 0 < pad; pad--)
3317 while ((*p++ = *size++))
3322 when_local = localtime (&when);
3328 time_t six_months_ago;
3332 /* If the file appears to be in the future, update the current
3333 time, in case the file happens to have been modified since
3334 the last time we checked the clock. */
3335 if (current_time < when
3336 || (current_time == when && current_time_ns < when_ns))
3338 /* Note that get_current_time calls gettimeofday which, on some non-
3339 compliant systems, clobbers the buffer used for localtime's result.
3340 But it's ok here, because we use a gettimeofday wrapper that
3341 saves and restores the buffer around the gettimeofday call. */
3342 get_current_time ();
3345 /* Consider a time to be recent if it is within the past six
3346 months. A Gregorian year has 365.2425 * 24 * 60 * 60 ==
3347 31556952 seconds on the average. Write this value as an
3348 integer constant to avoid floating point hassles. */
3349 six_months_ago = current_time - 31556952 / 2;
3350 recent = (six_months_ago <= when
3351 && (when < current_time
3352 || (when == current_time && when_ns <= current_time_ns)));
3353 fmt = long_time_format[recent];
3355 s = nstrftime (p, TIME_STAMP_LEN_MAXIMUM + 1, fmt,
3356 when_local, 0, when_ns);
3364 /* NUL-terminate the string -- fputs (via DIRED_FPUTS) requires it. */
3369 /* The time cannot be converted using the desired format, so
3370 print it as a huge integer number of seconds. */
3371 char hbuf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (intmax_t)];
3372 sprintf (p, "%*s ", long_time_expected_width (),
3373 (TYPE_SIGNED (time_t)
3374 ? imaxtostr (when, hbuf)
3375 : umaxtostr (when, hbuf)));
3379 DIRED_FPUTS (buf, stdout, p - buf);
3380 print_name_with_quoting (f->name, FILE_OR_LINK_MODE (f), f->linkok,
3383 if (f->filetype == symbolic_link)
3387 DIRED_FPUTS_LITERAL (" -> ", stdout);
3388 print_name_with_quoting (f->linkname, f->linkmode, f->linkok - 1,
3390 if (indicator_style != none)
3391 print_type_indicator (f->linkmode);
3394 else if (indicator_style != none)
3395 print_type_indicator (f->stat.st_mode);
3398 /* Output to OUT a quoted representation of the file name NAME,
3399 using OPTIONS to control quoting. Produce no output if OUT is NULL.
3400 Store the number of screen columns occupied by NAME's quoted
3401 representation into WIDTH, if non-NULL. Return the number of bytes
3405 quote_name (FILE *out, const char *name, struct quoting_options const *options,
3408 char smallbuf[BUFSIZ];
3409 size_t len = quotearg_buffer (smallbuf, sizeof smallbuf, name, -1, options);
3411 size_t displayed_width IF_LINT (= 0);
3413 if (len < sizeof smallbuf)
3417 buf = alloca (len + 1);
3418 quotearg_buffer (buf, len + 1, name, -1, options);
3421 if (qmark_funny_chars)
3426 char const *p = buf;
3427 char const *plimit = buf + len;
3429 displayed_width = 0;
3434 case ' ': case '!': case '"': case '#': case '%':
3435 case '&': case '\'': case '(': case ')': case '*':
3436 case '+': case ',': case '-': case '.': case '/':
3437 case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
3438 case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
3439 case ':': case ';': case '<': case '=': case '>':
3441 case 'A': case 'B': case 'C': case 'D': case 'E':
3442 case 'F': case 'G': case 'H': case 'I': case 'J':
3443 case 'K': case 'L': case 'M': case 'N': case 'O':
3444 case 'P': case 'Q': case 'R': case 'S': case 'T':
3445 case 'U': case 'V': case 'W': case 'X': case 'Y':
3447 case '[': case '\\': case ']': case '^': case '_':
3448 case 'a': case 'b': case 'c': case 'd': case 'e':
3449 case 'f': case 'g': case 'h': case 'i': case 'j':
3450 case 'k': case 'l': case 'm': case 'n': case 'o':
3451 case 'p': case 'q': case 'r': case 's': case 't':
3452 case 'u': case 'v': case 'w': case 'x': case 'y':
3453 case 'z': case '{': case '|': case '}': case '~':
3454 /* These characters are printable ASCII characters. */
3456 displayed_width += 1;
3459 /* If we have a multibyte sequence, copy it until we
3460 reach its end, replacing each non-printable multibyte
3461 character with a single question mark. */
3464 memset (&mbstate, 0, sizeof mbstate);
3471 bytes = mbrtowc (&wc, p, plimit - p, &mbstate);
3473 if (bytes == (size_t) -1)
3475 /* An invalid multibyte sequence was
3476 encountered. Skip one input byte, and
3477 put a question mark. */
3480 displayed_width += 1;
3484 if (bytes == (size_t) -2)
3486 /* An incomplete multibyte character
3487 at the end. Replace it entirely with
3491 displayed_width += 1;
3496 /* A null wide character was encountered. */
3502 /* A printable multibyte character.
3504 for (; bytes > 0; --bytes)
3506 displayed_width += w;
3510 /* An unprintable multibyte character.
3511 Replace it entirely with a question
3515 displayed_width += 1;
3518 while (! mbsinit (&mbstate));
3523 /* The buffer may have shrunk. */
3530 char const *plimit = buf + len;
3534 if (! ISPRINT (to_uchar (*p)))
3538 displayed_width = len;
3541 else if (width != NULL)
3545 displayed_width = mbsnwidth (buf, len, 0);
3549 char const *p = buf;
3550 char const *plimit = buf + len;
3552 displayed_width = 0;
3555 if (ISPRINT (to_uchar (*p)))
3563 fwrite (buf, 1, len, out);
3565 *width = displayed_width;
3570 print_name_with_quoting (const char *p, mode_t mode, int linkok,
3571 struct obstack *stack)
3573 if (print_with_color)
3574 print_color_indicator (p, mode, linkok);
3577 PUSH_CURRENT_DIRED_POS (stack);
3579 dired_pos += quote_name (stdout, p, filename_quoting_options, NULL);
3582 PUSH_CURRENT_DIRED_POS (stack);
3584 if (print_with_color)
3587 prep_non_filename_text ();
3592 prep_non_filename_text (void)
3594 if (color_indicator[C_END].string != NULL)
3595 put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_END]);
3598 put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_LEFT]);
3599 put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_NORM]);
3600 put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_RIGHT]);
3604 /* Print the file name of `f' with appropriate quoting.
3605 Also print file size, inode number, and filetype indicator character,
3606 as requested by switches. */
3609 print_file_name_and_frills (const struct fileinfo *f)
3611 char buf[MAX (LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1, INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t))];
3614 printf ("%*s ", format == with_commas ? 0 : inode_number_width,
3615 umaxtostr (f->stat.st_ino, buf));
3617 if (print_block_size)
3618 printf ("%*s ", format == with_commas ? 0 : block_size_width,
3619 human_readable (ST_NBLOCKS (f->stat), buf, human_output_opts,
3620 ST_NBLOCKSIZE, output_block_size));
3622 print_name_with_quoting (f->name, FILE_OR_LINK_MODE (f), f->linkok, NULL);
3624 if (indicator_style != none)
3625 print_type_indicator (f->stat.st_mode);
3629 print_type_indicator (mode_t mode)
3635 if (indicator_style == classify && (mode & S_IXUGO))
3644 else if (indicator_style == directory_only)
3646 else if (S_ISLNK (mode))
3648 else if (S_ISFIFO (mode))
3650 else if (S_ISSOCK (mode))
3652 else if (S_ISDOOR (mode))
3663 print_color_indicator (const char *name, mode_t mode, int linkok)
3666 struct color_ext_type *ext; /* Color extension */
3667 size_t len; /* Length of name */
3669 /* Is this a nonexistent file? If so, linkok == -1. */
3671 if (linkok == -1 && color_indicator[C_MISSING].string != NULL)
3680 else if (S_ISLNK (mode))
3681 type = ((!linkok && color_indicator[C_ORPHAN].string)
3682 ? C_ORPHAN : C_LINK);
3683 else if (S_ISFIFO (mode))
3685 else if (S_ISSOCK (mode))
3687 else if (S_ISBLK (mode))
3689 else if (S_ISCHR (mode))
3691 else if (S_ISDOOR (mode))
3694 if (type == C_FILE && (mode & S_IXUGO) != 0)
3697 /* Check the file's suffix only if still classified as C_FILE. */
3701 /* Test if NAME has a recognized suffix. */
3703 len = strlen (name);
3704 name += len; /* Pointer to final \0. */
3705 for (ext = color_ext_list; ext != NULL; ext = ext->next)
3707 if (ext->ext.len <= len
3708 && strncmp (name - ext->ext.len, ext->ext.string,
3715 put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_LEFT]);
3716 put_indicator (ext ? &(ext->seq) : &color_indicator[type]);
3717 put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_RIGHT]);
3720 /* Output a color indicator (which may contain nulls). */
3722 put_indicator (const struct bin_str *ind)
3729 for (i = ind->len; i != 0; --i)
3734 length_of_file_name_and_frills (const struct fileinfo *f)
3738 char buf[MAX (LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1, INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t))];
3741 len += 1 + (format == with_commas
3742 ? strlen (umaxtostr (f->stat.st_ino, buf))
3743 : inode_number_width);
3745 if (print_block_size)
3746 len += 1 + (format == with_commas
3747 ? strlen (human_readable (ST_NBLOCKS (f->stat), buf,
3748 human_output_opts, ST_NBLOCKSIZE,
3750 : block_size_width);
3752 quote_name (NULL, f->name, filename_quoting_options, &name_width);
3755 if (indicator_style != none)
3757 mode_t mode = f->stat.st_mode;
3759 len += (S_ISREG (mode)
3760 ? (indicator_style == classify && (mode & S_IXUGO))
3762 || (indicator_style != directory_only
3766 || S_ISDOOR (mode)))));
3773 print_many_per_line (void)
3775 size_t row; /* Current row. */
3776 size_t cols = calculate_columns (true);
3777 struct column_info const *line_fmt = &column_info[cols - 1];
3779 /* Calculate the number of rows that will be in each column except possibly
3780 for a short column on the right. */
3781 size_t rows = files_index / cols + (files_index % cols != 0);
3783 for (row = 0; row < rows; row++)
3786 size_t filesno = row;
3789 /* Print the next row. */
3792 size_t name_length = length_of_file_name_and_frills (files + filesno);
3793 size_t max_name_length = line_fmt->col_arr[col++];
3794 print_file_name_and_frills (files + filesno);
3797 if (filesno >= files_index)
3800 indent (pos + name_length, pos + max_name_length);
3801 pos += max_name_length;
3808 print_horizontal (void)
3812 size_t cols = calculate_columns (false);
3813 struct column_info const *line_fmt = &column_info[cols - 1];
3814 size_t name_length = length_of_file_name_and_frills (files);
3815 size_t max_name_length = line_fmt->col_arr[0];
3817 /* Print first entry. */
3818 print_file_name_and_frills (files);
3821 for (filesno = 1; filesno < files_index; ++filesno)
3823 size_t col = filesno % cols;
3832 indent (pos + name_length, pos + max_name_length);
3833 pos += max_name_length;
3836 print_file_name_and_frills (files + filesno);
3838 name_length = length_of_file_name_and_frills (files + filesno);
3839 max_name_length = line_fmt->col_arr[col];
3845 print_with_commas (void)
3850 for (filesno = 0; filesno < files_index; filesno++)
3852 size_t len = length_of_file_name_and_frills (files + filesno);
3858 if (pos + len + 2 < line_length)
3870 putchar (separator);
3873 print_file_name_and_frills (files + filesno);
3879 /* Assuming cursor is at position FROM, indent up to position TO.
3880 Use a TAB character instead of two or more spaces whenever possible. */
3883 indent (size_t from, size_t to)
3887 if (tabsize != 0 && to / tabsize > (from + 1) / tabsize)
3890 from += tabsize - from % tabsize;
3900 /* Put DIRNAME/NAME into DEST, handling `.' and `/' properly. */
3901 /* FIXME: maybe remove this function someday. See about using a
3902 non-malloc'ing version of path_concat. */
3905 attach (char *dest, const char *dirname, const char *name)
3907 const char *dirnamep = dirname;
3909 /* Copy dirname if it is not ".". */
3910 if (dirname[0] != '.' || dirname[1] != 0)
3913 *dest++ = *dirnamep++;
3914 /* Add '/' if `dirname' doesn't already end with it. */
3915 if (dirnamep > dirname && dirnamep[-1] != '/')
3923 /* Allocate enough column info suitable for the current number of
3924 files and display columns, and initialize the info to represent the
3925 narrowest possible columns. */
3928 init_column_info (void)
3931 size_t max_cols = MIN (max_idx, files_index);
3933 /* Currently allocated columns in column_info. */
3934 static size_t column_info_alloc;
3936 if (column_info_alloc < max_cols)
3938 size_t new_column_info_alloc;
3941 if (max_cols < max_idx / 2)
3943 /* The number of columns is far less than the display width
3944 allows. Grow the allocation, but only so that it's
3945 double the current requirements. If the display is
3946 extremely wide, this avoids allocating a lot of memory
3947 that is never needed. */
3948 column_info = xnrealloc (column_info, max_cols,
3949 2 * sizeof *column_info);
3950 new_column_info_alloc = 2 * max_cols;
3954 column_info = xnrealloc (column_info, max_idx, sizeof *column_info);
3955 new_column_info_alloc = max_idx;
3958 /* Allocate the new size_t objects by computing the triangle
3959 formula n * (n + 1) / 2, except that we don't need to
3960 allocate the part of the triangle that we've already
3961 allocated. Check for address arithmetic overflow. */
3963 size_t column_info_growth = new_column_info_alloc - column_info_alloc;
3964 size_t s = column_info_alloc + 1 + new_column_info_alloc;
3965 size_t t = s * column_info_growth;
3966 if (s < new_column_info_alloc || t / column_info_growth != s)
3968 p = xnmalloc (t / 2, sizeof *p);
3971 /* Grow the triangle by parceling out the cells just allocated. */
3972 for (i = column_info_alloc; i < new_column_info_alloc; i++)
3974 column_info[i].col_arr = p;
3978 column_info_alloc = new_column_info_alloc;
3981 for (i = 0; i < max_cols; ++i)
3985 column_info[i].valid_len = true;
3986 column_info[i].line_len = (i + 1) * MIN_COLUMN_WIDTH;
3987 for (j = 0; j <= i; ++j)
3988 column_info[i].col_arr[j] = MIN_COLUMN_WIDTH;
3992 /* Calculate the number of columns needed to represent the current set
3993 of files in the current display width. */
3996 calculate_columns (bool by_columns)
3998 size_t filesno; /* Index into files. */
3999 size_t cols; /* Number of files across. */
4001 /* Normally the maximum number of columns is determined by the
4002 screen width. But if few files are available this might limit it
4004 size_t max_cols = MIN (max_idx, files_index);
4006 init_column_info ();
4008 /* Compute the maximum number of possible columns. */
4009 for (filesno = 0; filesno < files_index; ++filesno)
4011 size_t name_length = length_of_file_name_and_frills (files + filesno);
4014 for (i = 0; i < max_cols; ++i)
4016 if (column_info[i].valid_len)
4018 size_t idx = (by_columns
4019 ? filesno / ((files_index + i) / (i + 1))
4020 : filesno % (i + 1));
4021 size_t real_length = name_length + (idx == i ? 0 : 2);
4023 if (column_info[i].col_arr[idx] < real_length)
4025 column_info[i].line_len += (real_length
4026 - column_info[i].col_arr[idx]);
4027 column_info[i].col_arr[idx] = real_length;
4028 column_info[i].valid_len = (column_info[i].line_len
4035 /* Find maximum allowed columns. */
4036 for (cols = max_cols; 1 < cols; --cols)
4038 if (column_info[cols - 1].valid_len)
4048 if (status != EXIT_SUCCESS)
4049 fprintf (stderr, _("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n"),
4053 printf (_("Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...\n"), program_name);
4055 List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).\n\
4056 Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuSUX nor --sort.\n\
4060 Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.\n\
4063 -a, --all do not ignore entries starting with .\n\
4064 -A, --almost-all do not list implied . and ..\n\
4065 --author with -l, print the author of each file\n\
4066 -b, --escape print octal escapes for nongraphic characters\n\
4069 --block-size=SIZE use SIZE-byte blocks\n\
4070 -B, --ignore-backups do not list implied entries ending with ~\n\
4071 -c with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last\n\
4072 modification of file status information)\n\
4073 with -l: show ctime and sort by name\n\
4074 otherwise: sort by ctime\n\
4077 -C list entries by columns\n\
4078 --color[=WHEN] control whether color is used to distinguish file\n\
4079 types. WHEN may be `never', `always', or `auto'\n\
4080 -d, --directory list directory entries instead of contents,\n\
4081 and do not dereference symbolic links\n\
4082 -D, --dired generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode\n\
4085 -f do not sort, enable -aU, disable -lst\n\
4086 -F, --classify append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries\n\
4087 --file-type likewise, except do not append `*'\n\
4088 --format=WORD across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,\n\
4089 single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C\n\
4090 --full-time like -l --time-style=full-iso\n\
4093 -g like -l, but do not list owner\n\
4094 -G, --no-group like -l, but do not list group\n\
4095 -h, --human-readable with -l, print sizes in human readable format\n\
4096 (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)\n\
4097 --si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024\n\
4098 -H, --dereference-command-line\n\
4099 follow symbolic links listed on the command line\n\
4100 --dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir\n\
4101 follow each command line symbolic link\n\
4102 that points to a directory\n\
4103 --hide=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN\n\
4104 (overridden by -a or -A)\n\
4107 --indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names:\n\
4108 none (default), directory (-p),\n\
4109 file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)\n\
4110 -i, --inode with -l, print the index number of each file\n\
4111 -I, --ignore=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN\n\
4112 -k like --block-size=1K\n\
4115 -l use a long listing format\n\
4116 -L, --dereference when showing file information for a symbolic\n\
4117 link, show information for the file the link\n\
4118 references rather than for the link itself\n\
4119 -m fill width with a comma separated list of entries\n\
4122 -n, --numeric-uid-gid like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs\n\
4123 -N, --literal print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control\n\
4124 characters specially)\n\
4125 -o like -l, but do not list group information\n\
4126 -p, --indicator-style=directory\n\
4127 append / indicator to directories\n\
4130 -q, --hide-control-chars print ? instead of non graphic characters\n\
4131 --show-control-chars show non graphic characters as-is (default\n\
4132 unless program is `ls' and output is a terminal)\n\
4133 -Q, --quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes\n\
4134 --quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names:\n\
4135 literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape\n\
4138 -r, --reverse reverse order while sorting\n\
4139 -R, --recursive list subdirectories recursively\n\
4140 -s, --size with -l, print size of each file, in blocks\n\
4143 -S sort by file size\n\
4144 --sort=WORD extension -X, none -U, size -S, time -t,\n\
4145 version -v, status -c, time -t, atime -u,\n\
4146 access -u, use -u\n\
4147 --time=WORD with -l, show time as WORD instead of modification\n\
4148 time: atime, access, use, ctime or status; use\n\
4149 specified time as sort key if --sort=time\n\
4152 --time-style=STYLE with -l, show times using style STYLE:\n\
4153 full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, +FORMAT.\n\
4154 FORMAT is interpreted like `date'; if FORMAT is\n\
4155 FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2, FORMAT1 applies to\n\
4156 non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files;\n\
4157 if STYLE is prefixed with `posix-', STYLE\n\
4158 takes effect only outside the POSIX locale\n\
4159 -t sort by modification time\n\
4160 -T, --tabsize=COLS assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8\n\
4163 -u with -lt: sort by, and show, access time\n\
4164 with -l: show access time and sort by name\n\
4165 otherwise: sort by access time\n\
4166 -U do not sort; list entries in directory order\n\
4167 -v sort by version\n\
4170 -w, --width=COLS assume screen width instead of current value\n\
4171 -x list entries by lines instead of by columns\n\
4172 -X sort alphabetically by entry extension\n\
4173 -1 list one file per line\n\
4175 fputs (HELP_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
4176 fputs (VERSION_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
4178 SIZE may be (or may be an integer optionally followed by) one of following:\n\
4179 kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y.\n\
4183 By default, color is not used to distinguish types of files. That is\n\
4184 equivalent to using --color=none. Using the --color option without the\n\
4185 optional WHEN argument is equivalent to using --color=always. With\n\
4186 --color=auto, color codes are output only if standard output is connected\n\
4187 to a terminal (tty). The environment variable LS_COLORS can influence the\n\
4188 colors, and can be set easily by the dircolors command.\n\
4192 Exit status is 0 if OK, 1 if minor problems, 2 if serious trouble.\n\
4194 printf (_("\nReport bugs to <%s>.\n"), PACKAGE_BUGREPORT);